Learn Python 3 Strings: Escaping Characters in A String

Learn Python 3 :
Strings
Escaping characters in a string

Backslashes ( \ ) are used to escape characters in a Python
string.
For instance, to print a string with quotation marks, the

given code snippet can be used.
txt = "She said \"Never let go\"."

print(txt) # She said "Never let go".
The Python in syntax

In Python, the in syntax is used to determine if a letter or a
substring exists in a string. It returns True if a match is
found, otherwise False is returned.
game = "Popular Nintendo Game: Mario Kart"

print("l" in game) # Prints True in the console.
print("x" in game) # Prints False in the console.
Indexing and Slicing Strings
Python strings can be indexed using the same notation as
lists, since strings are lists of characters. A single character
can be accessed with bracket notation ( [index] ), or a
substring can be accessed using slicing ( [start:end] ).
Indexing with negative numbers counts from the end of the

string.
str = 'yellow'
str[1] # => 'e'
str[-1] # => 'w'
str[4:6] # => 'ow'
str[:4] # => 'yell'
str[-3:] # => 'low'
Iterate String
To iterate through a string in Python, “for…in” notation is
used.
str = "hello"
for c in str:
print(c)
# h
# e
# l
# l
# o
`len()’ Built-in Function in Python
In Python, the built in function len() calculates the length
of objects. It can be used to compute the length of strings,
lists, sets, and other countable objects!
length = len("Hello")
print(length)
# output: 5
colors = ['red', 'yellow', 'green']

print(len(colors))
# output: 3
print(len(colors[1]))
# output: 6
String concatenation
To combine the content of two strings into a single string,
Python provides the + operator. This process of joining
strings is called concatenation.
x = 'One fish, '

y = 'two fish.'
z = x + y
print(z)
# 'One fish, two fish.'
IndexError
When indexing into a string in Python, if you try to access
an index that doesn’t exist, an IndexError is generated. For
example, the following code would create an IndexError :
fruit = "Berry"
indx = fruit[6]
Python String .format()

The Python string method .format() replaces empty brace
( {} ) placeholders in the string with its arguments.
If keywords are speci ed within the placeholders, they are

replaced with the corresponding named arguments to the
method.
msg1 = 'Fred scored {} out of {} points.'

msg1.format(3, 10)
# => 'Fred scored 3 out of 10 points.'
msg2 = 'Fred {verb} a {adjective} {noun}.'

msg2.format(adjective='fluffy', verb='tickled',
noun='hamster')
# => 'Fred tickled a fluffy hamster.'
Lower
In Python, the string method .lower() returns a string with
all uppercase characters converted into lowercase.
.lower() does not take any input arguments.
greeting = "Welcome To Chili's"

print(greeting.lower())
# welcome to chili's
The .strip() String Method in Python

The string method .strip() can be used to remove
characters from the beginning and end of a string.
A string argument can be passed to the method, specifying

the set of characters to be stripped. With no arguments to
the method, whitespace is removed.
text1 = ' apples and oranges '

text1.strip() # => 'apples and oranges'
text2 = '...+...lemons and limes...-...'
# Here we strip just the "." characters

text2.strip('.') # => '+...lemons and limes...-'
# Here we strip both "." and "+" characters

text2.strip('.+') # => 'lemons and limes...-'
# Here we strip ".", "+", and "-" characters

text2.strip('.+-') # => 'lemons and limes'
Python string method .title()
The Python string method .title() returns the string in

title case. With title case, the rst character of each word is
capitalized while the rest of the characters are lowercase.
my_var = "dark knight"

print(my_var.title()) # "Dark Knight"
Python string .split() method

The Python string method .split() will split a string into a
list of items.
If an argument is passed to the method, that value is used

as the delimiter on which to split the string.
If no argument is passed, the default behavior is to split on

whitespace.
text = "Silicon Valley"

print(text.split()) # ['Silicon', 'Valley']
print(text.split('i')) # ['S', 'l', 'con Valley']
print(text.split('l')) # ['Si', 'icon Va', '', 'ey']
Python string method .find()
The Python string method .find() returns the index of the

rst occurrence of the string passed as the argument. It
returns -1 if no occurrence is found.
mountain_name = "Mount Kilimanjaro"

print(mountain_name.find("o")) # Prints 1 in the
console.
String replace
The .replace() method is used to replace the occurence of
the rst argument with the second argument within the
string.
The rst argument is the old substring to be replaced, and

the second argument is the new substring that will replace
every occurence of the rst one within the string.
fruit = "Strawberry"
print(fruit.replace('r', 'R'))
# StRawbeRRy
Python string method .upper()
The Python string method .upper() returns the string with

all lowercase characters converted to uppercase.
dinosaur = "T-Rex"
print(dinosaur.upper())
# Prints T-REX in the console.
The .join() String Method in Python
In Python, the .join() method can be used to concatenate
a list of strings together to create a new string joined with
the desired delimiter.
The .join() method is run on the delimiter and the array of

strings to be concatenated together is passed in as an
argument.
# An example of a .join()
x = "-".join(["Codecademy", "is", "awesome"])
# prints "Codecademy-is-awesome"
print(x)

Learn Python 3 Strings: Escaping Characters in A String

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Learn Python 3 Strings: Escaping Characters in A String

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Learn Python 3 :

Escaping characters in a string

For instance, to print a string with quotation marks, the

txt = "She said \"Never let go\"."

The Python in syntax

game = "Popular Nintendo Game: Mario Kart"

Indexing with negative numbers counts from the end of the

colors = ['red', 'yellow', 'green']

x = 'One fish, '

Python String .format()

If keywords are speci ed within the placeholders, they are

msg1 = 'Fred scored {} out of {} points.'

msg2 = 'Fred {verb} a {adjective} {noun}.'

greeting = "Welcome To Chili's"

The .strip() String Method in Python

A string argument can be passed to the method, specifying

text1 = ' apples and oranges '

text2 = '...+...lemons and limes...-...'

# Here we strip just the "." characters

# Here we strip both "." and "+" characters

# Here we strip ".", "+", and "-" characters

The Python string method .title() returns the string in

my_var = "dark knight"

Python string .split() method

If an argument is passed to the method, that value is used

If no argument is passed, the default behavior is to split on

text = "Silicon Valley"

Python string method .find()

The Python string method .find() returns the index of the

mountain_name = "Mount Kilimanjaro"

The rst argument is the old substring to be replaced, and

Python string method .upper()

The Python string method .upper() returns the string with

The .join() method is run on the delimiter and the array of

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