Online-Based Learning: Difficulties in Laboratory Experiment As Perceived by Pharmacy Students

ONLINE-BASED LEARNING: DIFFICULTIES IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENT AS
PERCEIVED BY PHARMACY STUDENTS
Jeffrey B. Calaranan1,2,3,4, Jasmine B. De Leon1,2,3,4, Kaye Angelli Magno1,2,3,4Paola Nicole

P.Pacis1,2,3,4, Jamie Ann L. Santos1,2,3,4, Elaine F. Verzosa1,2,3,4
Marijen Soto1,2,3,5
1
College of Pharmacy
2
Research Development and Innovation Center
3
Our Lady of Fatima University
4
Undergraduate Thesis
5
Research Adviser
June 2021
2
DIFFICULTIES IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENT AS PERCEIVED BY THIRD…
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus has brought major effect on the educational system turning all the academics into
online learning. This study will identify the main factor affecting the difficulties of the students to new
system of education amidst the pandemic. To know the difficulties perceived by the student as
Laboratory Experiments are conducted online, To know the other factors affecting the difficulties in
laboratory experiment, To know the learning strategies of the students in managing Laboratory
Experiment, To know the effective and efficient approach to organize the Laboratory Experiment
successfully, and To identify the significant difference in the difficulties in laboratory experiments on
online class and face-to-face as perceived by pharmacy students. The study used descriptive method to
analyze the underlying cause of the problem by using questionnaire or survey as main approach of the
study with a respondents of 60 students came from a selected pharmacy student of Our Lady of Fatima
University, Cabanatuan City. Including the name, year level, and gender of the respondents as an input
in a conceptual framework. For the collection of data, the researchers used Google form as the most
convenient type of questionnaire in this times of pandemic . To interpret the collected data, the
researchers will use two way Analysis of variance or ANOVA because the study will need quantitative
outcome and the study has two or more categorical variables.
Keywords: laboratory, difficulties, two way ANOVA, online, experiment
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

3
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Social distancing and lockdowns have become inevitable to avoid its rapid dissemination at the
population level due to the highly infectious existence of this novel pathogen (Anderson et al. 2020).
The dilemma brings pressure and challenge to our country. No one is exempted from the unseen rival
where anyone should follow the protocols in the new normal setting. It causes huge factors mainly in
the aspect of education. This could be a serious issue since classes will be conducted through online-
based learning. The first time adoption of online class particularly in the field of medicine that uses
laboratory practices and observations are quite complex and challenging.
Government funds are distributed in a variety of beneficial actions to sustain the certain needs of the
community and the people itself. There are discussions and hearings on how to control and support the
demand of teachers in providing learning materials and internet access. Not everyone can afford the
massive requirements and other specific platforms to be used in the new education system. Education
has drastically changed as a result, with the distinctive emergence of e-learning, whereby teaching is
carried out remotely and on digital platforms.
The "crisis" has altered the teaching calendar. It may find difficult because it does not take into
account the teaching styles that takes place in the face to face classroom. The challenge lies in the
students' access to the internet and thirst in obtaining knowledge and personal discipline. The main
educational methodology is an online education the information technologies and communications are
used to help in the development and acquisition of knowledge from the different remote locations. It
uses the internet and video/audio and text communication and software to create the learning
environment.
As a globally competitive, the new system of education as a response to global crisis arises by the
technological approach. According to Bernard Bull (2017), reasons are affecting the battle for the
online learning however, it would be the best option to cope with. The role of the teacher is optional in
order to establish an enjoyable learning environment, but the role of the learner is important.
Laboratory classes solidify both the practical skills needed by a future pharmacist and the intellectual
culture of their discipline.

4
This will entail a mixture of augmented reality and remote control over laboratory devices that can be
controlled from the safety and comfort of the home of a student. This technique allows key concepts to
be discussed in a realistic manner that can be streamed live to the computer of a student or even to a
virtual world. As several students can be signed into the same experiment at once, it also ensures a high
degree of interactivity. There are still disadvantage to this technique too, even apart from the fact that
the “hands on” aspect is removed.Such online facilities are expensive to set up and maintain, involving
expertise in laboratory teaching.
The study focuses on the difficulties perceived by third year pharmacy students in Laboratory
Experiment through Online-Based Learning. The researchers will identify possible problems and
coping mechanisms on how to deal with the difficulties. Considering those study habits, learning
materials and strategies, teacher's ability to adapt to a new learning system, and preparedness, the
researchers will probably identify the existing problem.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is to identify the difficulties perceived by Pharmacy Students of Our
Lady of Fatima University in the Laboratory Experiment through Online-Based Learning. Specifically,
this study will answer the following questions.
1.2.1 What are the difficulties perceived by the student as Laboratory Experiments are
conducted online?
1.2.2 What are the other factors affecting the difficulties in laboratory experiment?
1.2.3 Is there a significant difference in the difficulties in laboratory experiments on online

class and face-to-face as perceived by third-year pharmacy students?
1.2.4 What is the effective and efficient approach to organize the Laboratory Experiment
successfully?
1.2.5 What are the learning strategies of the students in managing Laboratory Experiment?

5
1.3 Hypothesis of the Study
1.3.1 There is a potential significance between the difficulties in laboratory experiments as

perceived by the pharmacy student.
1.3.2 There is no potential significance between the difficulties in laboratory experiments as
perceived by the pharmacy student.
1.4 Objective of the Study
This study will identify the main factor affecting the difficulties of the students to new system
of education amidst coronavirus.
1.4.1 To know the difficulties perceived by the student as Laboratory Experiments are
conducted online.
1.4.2 To know the other factors affecting the difficulties in laboratory experiment.
1.4.3 To identify the significant difference in the difficulties in laboratory experiments on
online class and face-to-face as perceived by third-year pharmacy students.
1.4.4 To know the effective and efficient approach to organize the Laboratory Experiment
successfully.
1.4.5 To know the learning strategies of the students in managing Laboratory Experiment.
1.5 Scope and Limitations
The study will be focusing on the perception of pharmacy students toward their course which
include dry and wet laboratory. The respondents of this study will be the selected second year, third
year and fourth year Pharmacy Students of Our Lady of Fatima University – Cabanatuan Campus
during the school year 2020-2021.In descriptive study, the finding could be subject to other
interpretation of data and limited only to a certain respondents. Due to a limited time given, researchers
are expecting to utilize the online survey and questionnaire of the study to be successful. A pre-survey
will be conducted in the month of September and the actual survey will be done in January. A Survey
questionnaire design will be used in the study.

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1.6 Significance of the Study
To the Researchers. The researchers will first identify the difficulties perceived by the
pharmacy students in Laboratory Experiment through Online-Based Learning. It will help them to
formulate recommendations based on the results of the survey questionnaire.
To the Respondents. The respondents will know the possible hindrances in adapting online
class and learn from it through conclusions and recommendations constructed by the researchers. It
will also solve a certain issue through a constructive interpretation of data.
To the Instructors. The instructor will identify the main factors affecting the difficulties
perceived by their students. This study will support their teaching skill factor and develop an efficient
way of teaching technological education system.
To the Institution. It would be a great help for the institution to manage the difficulties of
their students and create effective plans to overcome the problems.
2.0 Review of Related Literatures
2.1 Local Literature
According to Toquero, C. M. (2020). Higher education worldwide is impacted by the COVID-19

pandemic that has accompanied thousands of school closures during a very short period of time to
impose social distance steps. Educational institutions, especially in the Philippines, are faced with
outstanding challenges in their system of planning, execution and evaluation. However on a slight note,
the global pandemic opened up opportunities for the nation to update its delivery of education and to
turn its focus to new technology. While doing so, higher education institutions must take the ability to
improve their evidence based policies, offer affordable mental health care and adopt to the demands of
changing times.

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Baticulon, et al., (2020). As they struggled to adapt to online learning, medical students in the
Philippines encountered many interrelated obstacles. Medical schools and educators play an important
role in solving these problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic by incorporating student-
centered approaches.
2.2 Foreign Studies
COVID-19 pandemics have been a turning point in modern history and have had a significant
influence on residents and medical students. In their placements, residency interviews and their
personal lives, many have undergone a dramatic change. As such, we wanted to discuss how the
pandemic has been faced by medical students and how it impacts their future.
In the two largest medical schools in Belgium, Ghent and Leuven University, respectively, we
conducted a multi-centric survey of final and penultimate year students. In total, 420 students replied
and the questionnaire was completed by 300. Of these, 41% saw their clerkships terminated entirely or
partially, and 42% observed a substantial decrease in activity. Thirty percent were asked to work with
testing residents and nurses in COVID-19 offices, the emergency department, or in nursing homes. 59
percent of all students felt a qualitative influence on their schooling, with 51 percent expressing
concern that they were unprepared for potential clinical operation. Sixty-three percent thought they had
less clinical experience, but 56 percent had actively managed to extend their theoretical expertise for
more than 4 hours a day, compared to 30 percent before the crisis, with 51 percent investing time
productively. Forty-three percent of medical students thought that they had contributed to the
management of the COVID-19 crisis, and 74 percent indicated that the expertise they had acquired
would be carried forward. Forty-two percent indicated that their affinity for the medical profession had
been deepened by the crisis, and 85 percent remained satisfied with their decision to study medicine.
Our findings illustrate the substantial effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students.
This can leave students uncertain about whether they have been able to learn suitable skills. In
addition, when applying for residency, losing clerkships or getting a severely decreased workload in
placements will greatly impact students. This can lead to more uncertainty about their future and to
difficulties among trainers in selecting the best candidates
It is likely that the modifications we have noted would leave their mark. For a while, hospital
wards, surgical theatres, and bedside instruction would not be the same. We must change over time in

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order to ensure continued medical education. In our study, we have found that medical students are
resilient and have used this opportunity to extend their theoretical awareness. To safeguard learning,
this self-initiative would have to be continued along with novel strategies by organizations. Via online
lectures, webinars, virtual case discussions and even virtual interviews, universities can continue
virtual learning. In the curriculum, a formalization of this interactive learning structure will have to be
implemented. Concurrently, medical experience and the development of clinical abilities will both
have to be guaranteed at the same time. An increased focus on simulation could be required for the
latter and emphasis will have to be put on investing in well-run and well-equipped centers of clinical
skills learning. In order to enable medical students to continue to build on their experiential learning, a
video archive of core clinical cases and operations should be made available. It is only with the
introduction of technology and innovative and inventive ways of exchanging information that we can
ensure that medical students become trained and competent clinicians.
Chandrasinghe et al. (2020). An online learning activity is structured to include medical students
from all walks of life and multi-counsel panel discussions. The discussions were structured to cover
each subject, from fundamental science to high-level clinical management, in an effort to encourage
the interest of students in clinical medicine. The main concerns raised were weak Internet accessibility
and insufficient access to the meeting platform. Online training with a novel framework is feasible and
efficient in a resource-limited environment.
According to Neha Bhardwaj (2020), our classes from last spring, basically all of them got
moved online, and our rotations stopped midway. I think they have done a very good job of trying to
satisfy the students, at least at PCP [Philadelphia College of Pharmacy], and trying to make sure we are
all having the right education. We have transferred either all of our simulation tasks and rotation
activities online, or we have done something to make up for the hours we have lost.
According to Julia James (2020), As far as my next stage, I actually just started my APPE
rotations at the end of May. Overall, I feel prepared for that. I mean, it's been a roller coaster. All we
have to do is go week by week and hopefully nothing will be cancelled or postponed. Our APPE
coordinators have been awesome. I mean, they’re going to contact us up until 1 o’clock in the morning
to make sure we get all sorted out, so that’s pretty sweet.
According to Paige Jacobs (2020), we have definitely been impacted by COVID-19 and
quarantine, especially with our rotations. They were cut about a month early. But in terms of trying to

9
get the same experience, but digitally and off-site, we had to turn to online meetings and various tasks
and events that would still give you the same kind of experience as if you were working on your retail
site.
According to Rasha Abouelsaadate (2020), I think, more than anything, it was just so abrupt
that we weren't prepared. I don’t think everyone was prepared for what was going to happen, so I think
it was very good that we were unified in trying to figure out to make things the best. Of course, online
learning is not ideal, particularly not for pharmacies, but you need to adapt and overcome it. I guess
that’s what we did for the remainder of the semester.
2.3 Conceptual Framework
COVID-19 turned face to face learning into online learning were all medical students turned
their laboratory experiments into online too. As one of the pharmacy student said, online learning in
not ideal, especially in pharmacy. This can leave students uncertain about whether they have been able
to learn suitable skills. In addition, when applying for residency, losing clerkships or getting a severely
decreased workload in placements will greatly impact students. This can lead to more uncertainty about
their future and to difficulties among trainers in selecting the best candidates. Difficulties in laboratory
experiment are one of the issue of the student amidst coronovirus. Hence, this leads to the formation of
this study wherein the researchers will use the research paradigm of the study as a guide for a
formulation of solution and a successful recommendation. Including input where it is constructed based
on statement of the problem. This is the information and ideas that the researchers want to give a
solutions and a successful recommendations. The process is the procedure or action taken upon to
perform the information of input. Lastly, output is the predicted outcome that at the end the researchers
will make recommendation and solution.

10
Figure 1 Research paradigm
This study focuses on the difficulties in laboratory experiment as perceived by pharmacy

students since the new normal setting for the educational system or the digital/ online-based learning
classes started. The researchers will identify possible problems and coping mechanisms on how to deal
with the difficulties..

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2.4 Inform Consent
OUR LADY OF FATIMA

UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
Consent Form for a Descriptive Research Study

ONLINE-BASED LEARNING: DIFFICULTIES IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENT AS
PERCEIVED BY PHARMACY STUDENTS
Leader: Jeffrey B. Calaranan
Members:
Jasmine B. De Leon
Kaye Angelli B. Magno
Paola Nicole P. Pacis
Jamie Ann L. Santos
Elaine F. Verzosa
Faculty Advisor: MS. MARIJEN Y.SOTO, RPh
PART I: Information Sheet
Invitation to participate in a research study
I/We invite you to have your child participate in this research study entitled “Online-
Based Learning: Difficulties in Laboratory Experiment as Perceived by Pharmacy

12
Students” for the pilot testing of our research questionnaire. In connection with this, we will
conduct a pilot testing for the selected pharmacy student of Our Lady of Fatima University,
Cabanatuan Campus.
This survey questionnaire has been designed to gather information about the
following study. We believe that you are with us in our enthusiasm to end the need as a
compliance of our study. We hope your positive response on this humble manner. Your time
will be greatly appreciated.
Description of subject involvement
Due to the extremely contagious nature of this novel pathogen, social distancing and
lockdowns became inevitable to prevent its rapid transmission at the community level. The
dilemma brings pressure and challenge to our country. No one is exempted from the unseen
rival where anyone should follow the protocols in the new normal setting. It causes huge
factors mainly in the aspect of education. This could be a serious issue since classes will be
conducted through online-based learning. The first time adoption of online class particularly in
the field of medicine that uses laboratory practices and observations are quite complex and
challenging.
Government funds are distributed in a variety of beneficial actions to sustain the
certain needs of the community and the people itself. There are discussions and hearings on
how to control and support the demand of teachers in providing learning materials and
internet access. Not everyone can afford the massive requirements and other specific
platforms to be used in the new education system. As a result, education has changed
dramatically, with the distinctive rise of e-learning, whereby teaching is undertaken remotely
and on digital platforms.
Laboratory classes solidify both the practical skills needed by a future pharmacist and the
intellectual culture of their discipline. This would involve a combination of virtual reality and
remote control over laboratory equipment that can be operated from the safety and comfort of
a student’s home.

13
This study focuses on the difficulties perceived by pharmacy students in Laboratory

Experiment through Online-Based Learning. The researchers will identify possible problems
and coping mechanisms on how to deal with the difficulties.
Researchers used descriptive survey method and be able to analyze the underlying
cause of the problem by using questionnaire or survey as main approach of the study.
Benefits
The researchers will first identify the difficulties perceived by the pharmacy students
in Laboratory Experiment through Online-Based Learning. It will help them to formulate
recommendations based on the results of the survey questionnaire. The respondents will
know the possible hindrances in adapting online class and learn from it through conclusions
and recommendations constructed by the researchers. The instructor will identify the main
factors affecting the difficulties perceived by their students. This study will support their
teaching skill factor and develop an efficient way of teaching technological education system
and the Institution will know how to manage the difficulties of their students and create
effective plans to overcome the problem.
Risks and discomforts
This study may lessen the risk and discomforts that may obtain of the students who will be
the participants by using an online questionnaire survey. No direct contact to all personnel
who are involved in the study. Even though, some problems you may encounter such as poor
internet connection is inevitable during this time. Not everyone can afford the massive
requirements and other specific platforms to be used in the new education system. Your
patience and understanding will be much appreciated. Please don’t hesitate to ask about
related issues and clarifications about the study. Researchers are able to assist you anytime.

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Confidentiality
Authorization to release your protected information
Researchers think carefully about how to ensure that participants have

given informed consent to participate in this study. Upon accepting to be part of this research
study, gives researchers permission to gather information from your data that will be useful to
conduct a successful and organized project. Researchers will ensure the protection of your
information and be kept between you and the researchers by not telling to others who do not
involve in the study.
Storage and future use of data
The researchers will be the one to rely on information and interpret the given data. It will help
them to formulate recommendations based on the results of the survey questionnaire from
the participants. All the information that will be collected from this research study will be
stored and use for future research studies. Your necessary data will be stored at Our Lady of
Fatima University Cabanatuan Campus with the help of Mr. Jeffrey Calaranan. You can
approach also the other members of this research study to ensure that your files are secured.
Voluntary nature of the study
This research study entitled “Online Based-Learning: Difficulties in Laboratory Experiment as

Perceived by Pharmacy Students” allow the participants to choose and make its own decision
about participating or not in this study. Researchers have dedicated themselves to ensuring
that participants have willingly agreed to consent to research and have a general
responsibility to determine whether participants themselves consider that they have
voluntarily consented to research.
Contact information

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If you have concerns and clarifications about this research, you can approach Mr.
Jeffrey B. Calaranan or [email protected] and other members of the
research, Jasmine B. De Leon, Kaye Angelli B.Magno, Paola Nicole P. Pacis, Jamie Ann L.
Santos and Elaine F. Verzosa.
PART II: Certificate of Consent
Certificate of Consent
I have been invited to participate in this research. I have read the foregoing
information, or it has been read to me. I have had the opportunity to ask questions about it
and any questions that I have asked have been answered to my satisfaction. I consent
voluntarily to participate in this study
By signing this document, you are agreeing that you will be part of this study. I/we will
give you a copy of this document for your records. I/we will keep one copy with the study
records. Be sure that I/we have answered any questions you have about the study and that
you understand what you are being asked to do. You may contact the researcher if you think
of a question later.
I agree to participate in the study.
Print Name of Participant: ___________________________________
Print Name of Parent or Guardian: _______________ _____________
Signature of Parent or Guardian: _____________________________
Date: ___________________________

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Month/Day/Year
If illiterate
I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form of the potential participant,
and the individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm that the
individual has given consent freely.
Print name of witness_____________________

Signature of witness ______________________
Date ________________________
Month/Day/Year
Statement by the researcher/person taking consent
I have accurately read out the information sheet to potential participant, and to the best
of my ability made sure that the person understands that the following will be done:
1. The researcher will be use an online questionnaire of the pharmacy students in Our
Lady of Fatima University to identify the effectiveness of the said study.
2. The questionnaire is divided in two part which is the first part will be the demographic
characteristics such as name, age , gender of the student then the second is the
questionnaire proper.
3. Students are free to choose whether to participate or not in the study.
I confirm that the participant was given an opportunity to ask questions about the
study, and all the questions asked by the parent have been answered correctly and to
the best of my ability. I confirm that the individual has not been coerced into giving
consent, and the consent has been given freely and voluntarily.
A copy of this Informed Consent Form (ICF) has been provided to the participant.

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Print Name of Researcher/person taking the consent________________________
Signature of Researcher /person taking the consent__________________________
Date: ___________________________
Month/Day/Year
You may also need to obtain consents for some of the more common activities listed below.
Please read and complete the form carefully. If you are willing to participate in this study, ring
the appropriate responses and sign and date the declaration at the end. If you do not
understand anything and would like more information, please ask.
 I understand that all data and files from me will be stored, locked
and could be shared with other members involved in the study but YES / NO
will never contain any information that could identify me.
 I understand that researchers will use an online questionnaire to
gather informations to know the effectiveness of the said study.
YES / NO
 I understand that all necessary informations collected from me
will be used for research purposes only.
YES / NO
 I understand that any data collected from me will be secured and
safe with the help of researchers who are responsible in this
study. YES / NO
 I understand that the questionnaire is divided in two part which is
the first part will be the demographic characteristics such as
name, age , gender of the student then the second is the YES / NO
questionnaire proper.
 I understand that I am free to choose whether to participate or
not in the study. YES / NO
2.7 Survey Questionnaires

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Name (Pangalan):
Gender (Kasarian):
Year level (Baitang):
Instruction: Put a check (/) that corresponds to your answer. Here are the following questions.
Panuto:Lagyanng (/) ang numero na naayon sa iyong sagot. Narito ang mga sumusunod na
katanungan.)
1. Never (Hindi)- As not ever (Kung ang iyong sagot ay tumutukoy bilang hindi.)
2. Rarely (Madalang) - As not often (Kung ang iyong sagot ay tumutukoy bilang madalang.)
3. Sometimes (Minsan)- As not all the time (Kung ang iyong sagot ay tumutukoy bilang
minsan.)
4. Always (Lagi) - As all the time (Kung ang iyong sagot at tumutukoy bilang lagi.)
1.2.1 What are the difficulties perceived by the student as Laboratory Experiment conducted online?
(Ano mga kahirapan na iyong nararanasan bilang ang eksperimento sa laboratoryo ay isinagawa
online.)
4 3 2 1
Always Sometimes Rare Never
(lagi) (minsan) (madalang) (hindi)
1. I understand the laboratory experiment during
discussion and presentation.
(Naiintindihan ang eksperimento sa laboratoryo bilang
isinasagawa ito online.)
2. I search experiment result online.
(Hinahanapangsagotsa online website
samgakatanungansaeksperimento.)
3. I do hear the experiment discussion clear.
(Napakikinggang malinaw ang diskusyon sa
laboratoryo.)
4. I have strong internet or data connection.
(Mayroong malakas na data at signal connection.)
5. I see clearly the video presentation of the
experiment.
(Napapanood ng malinaw ang video tuwing may
presentasyon ng eksperimento.)

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1.2.2 What are the other factors affecting the difficulties in laboratory experiment?
(Ano ang iba pang mga kadahilanan na nakakaapekto sa kahirapan eksperimento sa laboratoryo?)
4 3 2 1
1. Absent during laboratory experiment.
(Lumilibansadiskusyonsa laboratoryo.)
2. Power interruption
(Nakakaranasngpagkagambalasakoryente)
3. The teachers well explain the experiment
discussion.
(Maayos na ipinaliwanag ng mga guro ang talakayan sa
eksperimento.)
4. Unstable data or internet connection
(Hindi matatag ang data or internet connection.)
5. The teacher sends via email the video recording
of laboratory experiment discussion.
(Nagbibigay ang guro ng video recording sa
eksperimento sa pamamagitan ng Gmail.)
1.2.3 Is there a significant difference in the difficulties in laboratory experiments on online class and
face-to-face as perceived by third-year pharmacy students?
(Mayroon bang makabuluhang pagkakaiba sa mga paghihirap sa mga eksperimento sa laboratoryo sa
online class at face to face na nararamdaman ng mag-aaral ng parmasya.)
4 3 2 1
1. The laboratory experiments is well discussed on
online.
(Ang mga eksperimento sa laboratoryo ay mahusay na
tinalakay sa online.)

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2. The laboratory experiment is accurately

performed in the video?
(Ang eksperimento sa laboratoryo ay tumpak na
isinagawa sa video?)
3. The laboratory experiment during presentation
is visible/clear
(Malinaw at nakikita ang presentasyon sa eksperimento
sa laboratoryo.)
4. The laboratory materials use in online
experiment is well discussed.
(Ipinapaliwanag ng mabuti ang mga materyales na
ginagamit sa eksperimento sa laboratoryo.)
5. The laboratory procedures for online
experiment is followed.
(Nasusunod ang mga pamamaraan ng laboratoryo para
sa online na eksperimento.)
1.2.4 What is the effective and efficient approach to organize the Laboratory Experiment successfully?
(Ano ang mabisa at mahusay na pamamaraan upang maisagawa ng maayos ang Laboratory
Experiment?)
4 3 2 1
1. I make schedule time for answering laboratory

manual.
(Gumagawa ng oras ng iskedyul para sa pagsagot sa
laboratory manual.)
2. I set time to finish my manual.
(Naglalaan ng oras ng sa pag gawa laboratory manual)
3. I do my laboratory manual during experiment.
(Ginagawa ang laboratory manual habang may
diskusyon sa laboratoryo.)
4. I check my internet or data connection before
and during laboratory experiments.

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(Tinitingnan ang signal at internet bago at habang may

diskusyon sa laboratoryo.)
5. I ask the teacher when there is a
misunderstanding during laboratory experiment.
(Nagtatanong sa guro kapag mayroong isang hindi
pagkakaunawaan sa panahon ng eksperimento sa
laboratoryo)
1.2.5 What are the learning strategies of the students in managing Laboratory Experiment?
(Ano ang mga diskarte sa pag-aaral sa pamamahala ng Eksperimento sa Laboratoryo?)
4 3 2 1
1. I do manual experiment on time.
(Gumagawa ng manual experiment sa tamang oras.)
2. I actively listen during laboratory discussion.
(Aktibong nakikinig sa panahon ng talakayan sa
laboratoryo.)
3. I take nap during dry and wet laboratory
discussion.
(Natutulog habang may diskusyon sa laboratoryo)
4. I take side notes during discussion.
(Nagsusulat habang may diskusyon.)
5. I perform experiment at home.
(Ginagawa ang eksperimento sa bahay.)

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3.0 Methodology
In this chapter, the researchers will be discussing the research design of the study, research locale,
research instruments that will be used, and the process of the data collection and the statistical test that
will be helpful to the researchers.
3.1 Research design
The analysis will use a descriptive research procedure. Descriptive research approach is a fact- finding
analysis with an appropriate and reliable description of the results. It includes either defining the
features of the observed phenomenon or investigating potential associations between two or more
phenomena. This approach also focuses on the basic specifics and possibilities that will later be the
subject of the successful recommendations.
It will be able to understand the online-Based learning by difficulties in laboratory Experiment as

Perceived by the Pharmacy Student of Our Lady of Fatima University during S.Y. 2020-2021,
researchers will used descriptive survey method. The Researcher will be able to analyze the underlying
cause of the problem by using questionnaire or survey as main research tool for the study.
3.2 Research Locale
The study will be conducted at Our Lady of Fatima University, Cabanatuan campus. The study
will be implemented on the selected pharmacy students that are currently enrolled in Our Lady of
Fatima University, Cabanatuan campus. This study will focus in the difficulties perceived by the
Pharmacy students in Laboratory Experiment through Online-Based Learning. The study will help the
researcher identify the possible problem by knowing how the student struggle in answering the
laboratory experiment through online learning and how they cope up with that kind of situation. The
researcher will be able to determine if the pharmacy student is having difficulties in answering the
laboratory experiment through online learning.

23
3.3 Research Instrument
The instrument that will be used for data gathering in this study is a survey questionnaire. The
questionnaire is divided into two-part wherein the first part will be the demographic characteristics
such as name (optional), year level, gender of the students. A questionnaire is the most effective and
comprehensive way to answer all the questions indicated in the statement of the problem. This study
will be using a rating scale which is the Likert method that will help the researcher to have accurate
informative data that will be helpful in their study.
3.4 Data Collection
First, to collect data information the researcher will use an online survey which is an online
questionnaire or in a Google form. The size of the respondents is 60 students from the pharmacy
students in Our Lady of Fatima University. The selected pharmacy students will answer the
questionnaire online that will be effective to the researcher in gathering data collection. Second, to
collect data information for pre-questionnaire in pilot testing, the researchers will use Google form to
disseminate information or questionnaire. Where the respondents will easily answer the questions same
as the researchers as it the most convenient form of questionnaire amidst the pandemic.
The frequency and the percentage were used for the descriptive analyses to examine the
characteristics of the respondents that will be helpful to the researcher. The researchers will use a two-
way Analysis of variance or ANOVA because the study will need quantitative outcome and the study
has two or more categorical variables. Considering the samples must be independent and close to the
normal distribution. This test will be fitted to the study as a two-way analysis of variance has two
independent variables.
3.5 Statistical Analysis
The frequency and the percentage will be used for the descriptive analyses to examine the
characteristics of the respondents that will be helpful to the researcher. The researchers will use two
way Analysis of variance or ANOVA because the study will need quantitative outcome and the study
has two or more categorical variables. Considering the samples must be independent and close to the

24
normal distribution. This test will be fitted to the study as two way analysis of variance has two
independent variables.

25
References
Aristovnik, A. (2020). How Covid-19 pandemic affected higher education students’ lives globally and
in the United States. University of Nevada, Reno.
https://www.unr.edu/business/international/blog/covid-19-affecting-
students?fbclid=IwAR0a4COl4NXubap_MQMijU1jjTAmUHpzlCvA2LkEeiC76zrCL7qRhA6
MzKE
Alfarabi, Muhammad., Daroedono, E., Erwin, F. et al., (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on medical
education: our students perception on the practice of long distance learning.International
Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health,7(7). DOI: 10.18203/2394-
6040.ijcmph20202545
Baticulon, et al. (2020). Barriers to online learning in the time of COVID-19: A national survey
of medical students in the Philippines. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155747
Bevans, R. (2020). Two-way ANOVA: When and How to Use it, With Examples. From
https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/two-way-anova/
Bhardwaj, N., Jacobs, P., James, J. et al., (2020). Student Café: Impact of COVID-19 on Pharmacy
Education. Pharmacy times. https://www.pharmacytimes.com/interviews/student-cafe-impact-
of-covid-19-on-pharmacy-education?fbclid=IwAR1E8t0-
ijx_rZvj9i6XROkjn_1ZkmywIhaRyAUfUZUwO06vOjuK3LlflP4
Bhat, A. (2020a, July 13). Descriptive Research: Definition, Characteristics, Methods, Examples
and Advantages. QuestionPro. Retrieved from https://www.questionpro.com/blog/descriptive-
research/?fbclid=IwAR3yOkwIRKjmoIZ60y2cKE7PIIQUlzQSJx3l-EVZ1pATR3iAMeUN1-
axGfY

26
Chandrasinghe P.C.et al.(2020). A novel structure for online surgical undergraduate teaching during
the COVID-19 pandemic, BMC Medical Education, 2020, Volume 20, Issue 1, pp. 1-7 From:
10.1186/s12909-020-02236-9
Corthals, S., Everaert, K., Kapila, A.K. et al., (2020). The importance of medical student perspectives
on the impact of COVID‐19. BJS Society Ltd, 107(10), 372-373. doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11808
Ferrer, M.N., Ryan, J.J. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Education.
National Center for Biotechnology InformationU.S. National Library of Medicine, 12(3), 7492.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.7492
Gross, H. (2020). With lab courses shifting online, students are worried about losing hands-on
experiences. The DP. From: https://www.thedp.com/article/2020/03/online-labs-penn-
student-reactions-chemistry-biology-physics?fbclid=IwAR3lS5lL5iuRQkuT6mZkP8-
EHGWta-Z67GtQIJwfG1XdvMOJTkId9Z6f1w8
Lund, A., Lund, M., (2018). Two-way ANOVA in SPSS Statistics. Lund Research Ltd. Retrieved from
https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/two-way-anova-using-spss-
statistics.php?fbclid=IwAR3ms6db1hue48vIutP5TFZOCwRhgUHCDQcxtO3u1RHXnZKCFt
Mz0yYyNsk National Center for Biotechnology Information
Toquero, C. M. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities for Higher Education amid the COVID-19
Pandemic: The Philippine Context. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), em0063. From:
https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7947

27
Appendix A.
Gantt Chart
Appendix B.
Budget Proposal
This study focuses on the difficulties in laboratory experiment as perceived by pharmacy

students through online based-learning since the new normal setting for the educational system or the
digital/ online-based learning classes started. Considering this tough time, the researchers will only
consume electricity, load and research proposal fee for the study to become successful and organized.
This will provide necessary cost associated to the study which researchers would like to pursue.

28
Appendix C.
RDIC Ethics Form

29
Appendix D.
Curriculum Vitae
Jeffrey B. Calaranan, One of the researchers is a 20 years old, residing at Brgy. Sto. Cristo, Quezon,
Nueva Ecija. He was born on the 22nd day of May, 2000. His father’s name is Hermogenes DR.
Calaranan and his mother’s name is Sayonara B. Calaranan. He finished his primary school, S.Y. 2011-
2012 at Sto. Cristo Elementary School. He spent his secondary years and Senior High School years at
Holy Family Academy of Quezon Nueva Ecija in year of 2016 and 2018. At present, he is studying
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy at Our Lady Of Fatima University, Cabanatuan City Campus, Nueva
Ecija. He is planning to work in the future fulfillingly, wherever and whenever her service is needed as
a Professional Pharmacist. He also planning that after he passed the board exam and get a stable job,
He will continue his studying for his master's degree. And, he said that United we stand divided we
fall.

30
Jasmine B. De Leon,One of the researchers is a 21 years old, residing at Brgy. San. Isidro, San
Leonardo Nueva Ecija. She was born on the 21st day of September, 1999. Her father’s name is Gary F.
De Leon and her mother’s name is Rizaleen B. De Leon. She finished her primary school, S.Y. 2011-
2012 at Gapan South Central School. She spent her secondary years at Juan R. Liwag Memorial High
School in year of 2016, Senior High School at Wesleyan University Cabanatuan Campus College in
year of 2018. At present, she is studying Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy at Our Lady Of Fatima
University, Cabanatuan City Campus, Nueva Ecija. She is planning to work in the future fulfillingly,
wherever and whenever her service is needed as a Professional Pharmacist. She also planning that after
her graduate and pass the board exam she want to travel around the world and she want to have own
business. And she thought “some people dream of success, while other people get up every morning
and make it happen”-Wayne Huizenga.
Kaye Angelli B. Magno, One of the researchers is a 20 years old, residing at Brgy. La Purisima,
Aliaga, Nueva Ecija. She was born on the 16th day of May, 2000. Her father’s name is Dennis DS

31
Magno and her mother’s name is Rossan B. Magno. She finished her primary school, S.Y. 2011-2012
at La Purisima Elementary School. She spent her secondary years and Senior High School years at
Aliaga National High School in year of 2016 and 2018, Senior High At present, she is studying
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy at Our Lady Of Fatima University, Cabanatuan City Campus, Nueva
Ecija. She is planning to work in the future fulfillingly, wherever and whenever her service is needed
as a Professional Pharmacist. She also planning after she graduate and pass the board exam she is
planning to work in a hospital pharmacy. And, she believed that It's a slow process but quitting won't
speed it up. -Unknown Author
Paola Nicole P. Pacis, One of the researchers is a 21 years old, residing at Brgy. Caanawan San Jose
City, Nueva Ecija. She was born on the 9th day of July, 1999. Her father’s name is Danilo S. Pacis and
her mother’s name is Rhoda P. Pacis . She finished her primary school, S.Y. 2011-2012 at St. Joseph
Elementary School. She spent her secondary years at Bettbien High School in year of 2016, Senior
High School at Central Luzon State University in year of 2018. At present, she is studying Bachelor of
Science in Pharmacy at Our Lady Of Fatima University, Cabanatuan City Campus, Nueva Ecija. She
is planning to work in the future fulfillingly, wherever and whenever her service is needed as a
Professional Pharmacist. She also planning that after her graduate and pass the board exam she will go
abroad to pursue her passion and to have a savings that will support her family and to create her dream
business that is connected in being a pharmacist for the reason that she want to apply her knowledge
and strength to help her community especially the one who in need. And, her motto in life “Be content
with little, Be thankful for more”.

32
Santos, Jamie Ann L. One of the researchers is a 20 years old, residing at Brgy. San Pablo (B) Aliaga
Nueva Ecija. She was born on the 28th day of May, 2000. Her father’s name is Jaime A. Santos and
her mother’s name is Librada L. Santos. She finished her primary school, S.Y. 2011-2012 at Sto.
Tomas Elementary School. She spent her secondary years at Vicente R. Bumanlag Sr. National High
School in year of 2015-2016, Senior High School at PHINMA Araullo University in year of 2017-
2018. At present, she is studying Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy at Our Lady Of Fatima University,
Cabanatuan City Campus, Nueva Ecija. She is planning to work in the future fulfillingly, wherever
and whenever her service is needed as a Professional Pharmacist. She also planning after her graduate
and pass the board exam she want to get experiences in the Philippine, after that she will go to abroad
to have savings that will support to her family. And, she believed in Successful and unsuccessful
people do not vary greatly in their abilities. They differ in their ability to achieve their potential- John
Maxwell. Knowing and trusting in your own potential will be part of your path to success. If you start
to believe more in yourself and your abilities, you will become more to prove yourself.

33
Versoza, Elaine F. One of the researchers is a 20 years old, residing at Brgy. Sto. Tomas Aliaga Nueva
Ecija. She was born on the 6th day of June, 2000. Her father’s name is Avelino B. Versoza and her
mother’s name is Evelyn F. Versoza. She finished her primary school, S.Y. 2011-2012 at Sto. Tomas
Elementary School. She spent her secondary years at Vicente R. Bumanlag Sr. National High School in
year of 2016, Senior High School at Aliaga National High School in year of 2018. At present, she is
studying Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy at Our Lady Of Fatima University, Cabanatuan City
Campus, Nueva Ecija. She is planning to work in the future fulfillingly, wherever and whenever her
service is needed as a Professional Pharmacist. She also planning that after her graduate and pass the
board exam is to go abroad to have a savings that will support her family. And, she said that believe in
yourself and no one can bring you down because God's lift you up.

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ONLINE-BASED LEARNING: DIFFICULTIES IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENT AS

PERCEIVED BY PHARMACY STUDENTS

Jeffrey B. Calaranan1,2,3,4, Jasmine B. De Leon1,2,3,4, Kaye Angelli Magno1,2,3,4Paola Nicole

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

1.1 Background of the Study

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.2.3 Is there a significant difference in the difficulties in laboratory experiments on online

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

1.3 Hypothesis of the Study

1.3.1 There is a potential significance between the difficulties in laboratory experiments as

1.4 Objective of the Study

1.5 Scope and Limitations

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

1.6 Significance of the Study

2.0 Review of Related Literatures

2.1 Local Literature

According to Toquero, C. M. (2020). Higher education worldwide is impacted by the COVID-19

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

2.2 Foreign Studies

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

2.3 Conceptual Framework

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Figure 1 Research paradigm

This study focuses on the difficulties in laboratory experiment as perceived by pharmacy

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

2.4 Inform Consent

OUR LADY OF FATIMA

Consent Form for a Descriptive Research Study

Leader: Jeffrey B. Calaranan

Kaye Angelli B. Magno

Paola Nicole P. Pacis

Jamie Ann L. Santos

Faculty Advisor: MS. MARIJEN Y.SOTO, RPh

PART I: Information Sheet

Invitation to participate in a research study

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Description of subject involvement

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

This study focuses on the difficulties perceived by pharmacy students in Laboratory

Risks and discomforts

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Authorization to release your protected information

Researchers think carefully about how to ensure that participants have

Storage and future use of data

Voluntary nature of the study

This research study entitled “Online Based-Learning: Difficulties in Laboratory Experiment as

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

PART II: Certificate of Consent

I agree to participate in the study.

Print Name of Participant: ___________________________________

Print Name of Parent or Guardian: _______________ _____________

Signature of Parent or Guardian: _____________________________

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Print name of witness_____________________

Statement by the researcher/person taking consent

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Print Name of Parent or Guardian: ___ _