International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 116 No. 14 2017, 25-30

ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY DOLOMITE AND

FINE AGGREGATE BY COPPER SLAG

1
K. Sathishkumar,2K.Anitha
Assistant Professor 1 2
Department of Civil Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai.
1
[email protected]

Abstract: Concrete plays a vital role in the world of this as CO2. Because of this, prerequisites for more
paper is a part of experimental investigation to study the conservative and eco-accommodating establishing
characteristic of concrete by using the combination of material have augmented enthusiasm for incomplete bond
partial replacement of cement by dolomite powder and substitution materials.
partial replacement of fine aggregate by copper slag. The The Digging of the sand from riverbeds diminishes
dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral made out of the water head, so less permeation of water in ground
calcium magnesium carbonate and it is likewise used to bringing about lower ground water level. Because of this,
portray as sedimentary carbonate shake. Dolomite is also necessities for more conservative and eco-
known as dolomite. The dolomite powder is the crushed accommodating waste material have augmented
mineral from dolomite. Copper slag is a rough impacting enthusiasm for incomplete substitution of fine total
coarseness made of granulated slag from metal refining materials.
procedures and it is likewise called as iron silicate.
The replacement percentages of cement by dolomite 2. Need of Admixture In Concrete
powder is 20%, 25% & 30% and fine aggregate by
copper slag is 20% by the weight of M20 grade concrete. Admixtures are chemicals which are added to concrete at
The dolomite powder and copper slag is mixed with the mixing stage to modify some of the properties of the
natural cement and fine aggregate in the grade of M20 mix. Admixtures should never be regarded as a substitute
with the mix proportion of 1:1.5:3. The admixture for good mix design, good workmanship, or use of good
ceroplastic is mixed with water in the percentage of 6% materials. Admixture used in concrete for reducing the
to reduce the water/cement ratio. The water cement ratio water cement ratio. It improves the workability when
adopted for M20 grade concrete is 0.3. used as plasticizer. It gives better appearance and
The concrete cubes and cylinders were casted with uniformity. It gives better finishing characteristics. It
varying content of dolomite powder and copper slag. The causes less bleeding and greater pump ability and some
test specimens were cured and tested for compressive retardation of setting times[5-7].
strength and split tensile strength in 7 days, 14 days & 28
days for concrete. 3. Materials and Method

1. Introduction The material used for partial replacement of concrete are

Cement, Fine aggregate, Coarse Aggregate, Dolomite,
Concrete is a versatile engineering material used in most Copper Slag, Water and Admixture.
of the Civil Engineering structures. It is basically
composed of three components they are cement, water 3.1 Cement
and aggregate. Its noticeably as a crucial building
material being developed is a consequence of its Ordinary Portland cement was used for all concrete mix.
economy, awesome durability, ease with which it can be The cement was fresh and without lumps. Testing of
created, the ability to frame it into any shape, size and its cement was done as per IS 8112-1989. Ultra Tech cement
high compressive quality[1-4]. is used for concrete mix.
The utilization of supplementary cementing materials
natural pozzolans like Dolomite Powder, Rice Husk Ash, 3.2 Fine Aggregate
Fly Ask, Egg Shell Powder, Sugarcane Bagaesse Ash,
Silica Fume, Metakaolin etc.. in concrete production is The fine total is sand. Sand is a normally happening
one of the solutions to reduce the cement content as well granular material made out of finely partitioned shake

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 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

One of the essential focal points to copper slag is the

generally safe it postures to wellbeing and the earth[12-
14]

Dolomite Stone

and mineral particles. It is characterized by size, being

better than rock and coarser than residue. Sand can
likewise allude to a textural class of soil or soil sort; i.e. a
dirt containing more than 85% sand-sized particles. Dolomite Powder

3.3 Coarse Aggregate 4. Material Properties

Normally happening, prepared or produced, inorganic 4.1 Properties Of Dolomite

particles in endorsed degree or size range, the littlest size
of which will be held on the No. 4 (4.76 mm) strainer[8- The chemicals present in dolomite are Carbonate,
9]. Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Insoluble
The coarse aggregate is gravel. It is locally available Acid and Silicon-dioxide.
coarse aggregate having the maximum sizes of 6mm to
20mm were used now in the field. Testing of coarse 4.2 Chemical Composition
aggregate done as per IS: 383-1970. The aggregates
which are passed from 20mm and retained in 6mm sieve CHEMICAL PERCENTAGE
size are washed to remove the dust and dirt and were Total Carbonate 97.4%
dried to surface dry condition. CaCo3 59.5%
MgCo3 31.9%
3.4 Dolomite Powder Acid Insoluble 8.7%
SiO2 4.1%
The dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral
composed of calcium magnesium carbonate and it is also 4.3 Properties of Copper Slag
used to describe as sedimentary carbonate rock. Dolomite
is also known as dolostone. The dolomite powder is the The chemicals present in copper slag are Aluminum
crushed mineral from dolostone. The dolomite powder is Oxide, Titanium-dioxide, Ferric Oxide, Silicon-dioxide,
used to replacement of cement. Dolomite powder is Calcium Oxide, Magnesium Oxide, Potassium Oxide,
created by a rock-hit-rock crushing technique using state- Sodium Oxide and Copper.
of-the-art technology with plant & machinery from a
world leader that operates in over 100 countries .Made 4.4 Chemical Composition
from particular characteristic rock, it is squashed by a
three-phase design comprising of a Jaw Crusher took CHEMICAL PERCENTAGE
after by a Cone Crusher lastly a Vertical Shaft Impactor Al2O3 3.01%
(VSI) to get sand that is reliable in its cubical molecule TiO2 0.60%
shapes and degree[10-11]. Fe2O3 55.00%
SiO2 35.00%
3.5 Copper Slag CaO 0.20%
MgO 0.90%
Copper slag is a by-item made amid the copper purifying
K 2O 1.02%
and refining process. As refineries coax metal out of
Na2O 0.95%
copper mineral, they deliver a substantial volume of non-
Cu 0.42%
metallic tidy, ash, and shake. Altogether, these materials
make up slag, which can be utilized for an astonishing
number of utilizations in the building and modern fields.

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5. Methodology Used In Experiment homogeneity: the workability of cement is in this manner

a composite property.
5.1 Mix design New concrete or plastic bond is a recently mixed
material which can be framed together into any shape.
The mix design methods being used in different countries The relative measures of bond, sums and water
are mostly based on empirical relationships, charts and consolidated, control the properties of concrete in the wet
graphs developed from extensive experimental state The number of empirical tests is available for
investigations. A properly designed concrete mix should measuring the workability of fresh concrete. Each test
have minimum possible cement content without measures only a partial aspect of workability and there is
sacrificing quality in order to make in concrete mix. The usually no unique method which measures the
ultimate aim of studying the various properties of the workability of concrete in it. Slump cone test
material of concrete, plastic concrete and hardened Compaction factor test[18-20]
concrete, is to enable a concrete technologist is to design
a concrete mix for a particular strength and durability[15- 6.3 Tests on Hardened Concrete
17].
Testing of solidified cement assumes a vital part in
5.2 Batching and Mixing controlling and affirming the nature of bond solid works.
The motivation behind testing solidified cement is to
Weigh Batching was accomplished with the help of affirming that the required quality of cement is utilized at
electronic weighing balance. Batching was done as for site. If there should be an occurrence of plan blend
each the mix proportions. Mixing was done in tray. It was concrete, these tests are utilized for checking if the solid
mixed for 2-3 minutes, later than addition of water. has the required target quality for which is planned. The
Placing and Compaction:Solid shapes and precious tests that are mostly embraced are pressure test on 3D
stone are cleaned and oiled to avoid the improvement of shapes, Split rigidity on barrel and flexural test on bars.
bond among concrete and iron molds. Put the fresh
concrete in molds in 3 layers, pressing each layer with 6.4 Compressive Strength
temper 25 times. The air which is ensnared in bond is
emptied by table vibrator. The compressive strength of concrete is one of the most
important and useful properties of concrete. The concrete
5.3 Demoulding making properties of various ingredients of mix are
usually measured in terms of the compressive strength.
After placing fresh concrete in cubical moulds and Compressive strength is also used as a qualitative
prisms, it was allowed to set for 24 hours. It was marked measure for other properties of hardened concrete.
with some permanent identification mark i.e. 1, 2, 3 etc.
Cubes and prisms are now kept in curing tank for 7, 14 6.5 Split Tensile Strength Test
and 28 days. After 7, 14 and 28 days, concrete specimens
were removed from curing tank to conduct tests on Computation the material required for get ready cement
hardened concrete. of given extent. Blend them altogether close by blending
until uniform shade of cement is gotten. Pour concrete in
6. Test Results and Discussion the oiled with medium consistency oil fill concrete in
chamber mold in three layer and smashing every layer
6.1 General with 35 blows uniformly appropriated over the surfaces
of layer. Following 24 hours of throwing barrel example
New concrete or plastic bond is a recently mixed material are topped by flawless bond glue 35 percent water
which can be framed together into any shape. The content on topping device following 24 hours the
relative measures of bond, sums and water consolidated, example are drenched into water for definite curing.
control the properties of concrete in the wet state. Pressure test of block, chamber example are made when
practicable after expulsion from curing pit test example
6.2 Workability Test amid the time of their expulsion from the curing pit and
till testing are kept wet by a killjoy covering and tried in
The expression "workability" is utilized to portray the a sodden condition. Put the example halfway on the area
trouble with where the solid is taken care of, transported sign of the pressure testing machine and load is
or set between the structures with least loss of connected ceaselessly consistently and without stun[21].

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

7. Conclusion

The use of dolomite powder and copperslag increased the

compressive and tensile strength of concrete
The compressive strength for M20 grade concrete is 27
and it is increased by replacement of 20% copperslag
with 20%, 25% & 30%.
Thus, the use of these eco-friendly materials has changed
waste into wealth.

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