Review: Lecture 5: Bivariate Analysis 2 (Spearman and Chi)
Review: Lecture 5: Bivariate Analysis 2 (Spearman and Chi)
Review: Lecture 5: Bivariate Analysis 2 (Spearman and Chi)
Review
• Perform bivariate statistics (associating scale
data: Pearson)
Inferential Statistics • Pearson (r) assumptions
– the two variables must be measured at an interval ratio level
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– there is a linear relationship between the two variables
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Lecture 5: Bivariate analysis 2 – there is no significant outliers
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(Spearman and Chi2) – the two variables must be aproximitly normally distributed
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LBA 2
• Reverse coding
A course designed and taught by
Dr. Hedi Charfi 1 2
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the risk of incorrectly rejecting h0 p=.000 since the risk is below the .05 thoreshold H0 is rejected .
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there is hence a significant positive moderate relationship ( rs =.635 ) between bake_off searches
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and receipes searches
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spearmen rho
....................... Eta
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kendall tau
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10 0 10
expected 5
0 10 10
10 10 20
Chi2 compares the entered values with expected values
(expected = if no link exists between the variables)
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Interpret significance (Pearson Chi-Square
Interpreting output Asymp-Sig)
• Before interpretation: check for minimum expected count
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Interpretation
• H0: There is no significant link between the use of • If p<.05, it is important to measure the
payment mode and social class.
• H1: There is a significant link between the use of strength of the relationship.
payment mode and social class. • Unlike, Pearson, Spearman, Kendall, etc.
Chi2 does not provide indications on the
• The risk of incorrectly rejecting H0 is almost null
(p=.001); therefore, H0 can be safely rejected. It is strength of the relationship of the tested
concluded that there is a significant link between variables. Additional tests should be run for
the use of payment mode and social class..
this purpose.
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© Charfi 2021 © Charfi 2021
Complementary tests for relationship
strength
- Contingency Coefficient (value between 0 and 1)
- Phi (value between -1 and 1)
- Cramer’s V (value between 0 and 1) (used with
tables larger than 2x2)
• Interpretation:
– Closer to 0: ............................
weak or no correlation
– Around 0.5: ...........................
moderate correlation
– Closer to 1: ............................
srrong correlation
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according to carmer's v ( the table is bigger than 2x2) the result is .112 the relationship is weak so the school administration could design flayers
© Charfi 2021
References
Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2001). Quantitative data
analysis with SPSS release 10 for Windows. East
Sussex: Routledge.
Gray, C. D., & Kinnear, P. R. (2011). IBM SPSS 19
statistics made simple. New York: Psychology Press.
Lund, A., & Lund, M. (2018). Spearman's Rank-Order
Correlation using SPSS statistics Retrieved
15.11.2020, from https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-
tutorials/spearmans-rank-order-correlation-using-
spss-statistics.php
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