Laboratory Activity #6 - Pitot Tube

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
551 MF Jhocson Street, Sampaloc, Manila

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HYDRAULICS LABORATORY
NAME: _____________________________________ DATE: _____________________
GROUP # _________________ SECTION: _________________
LABORATORY ACTIVITY # 6
FLOW MEASURING DEVICES: PITOT TUBE
I. INTRODUCTION:
The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with
typical methods of flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the
same time demonstrate applications of the Bernoulli's equation. The flow is
determined using a sudden enlargement, venturi meter and orifice plate. The
pressure drop associated with each meter is measured directly from the
manometers. (Eng. Mohammed Y. Mousa,2020, Reference:
https://bit.ly/3ei5d3r
In measuring the discharge of flow rate of a fluid there are different devices
that we can use, and these are the Venturi meter, Orifice Meter and the Pitot
tube.
Hydraulic Bench Apparatus attatched with Flow measuring device
Venturi Meter is a device in which pressure energy is converted into kinetic

energy and it is used for measuring the rate of flow of liquid through pipes. It is
invented by an American Engineer Clemans Herchel and named by the Italian
physicist Giovanni Venturi. It works on the basic principle of Bernoulli's
Equation. (Amrit Kumar, 2020, Reference: https://bit.ly/33eynds
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An orifice meter is a piece of equipment used to measure the flow rate of a

gas or a fluid. It mainly consists of an orifice plate, orifice plate housing, and a
meter tube. As fluid approaches the orifice, the pressure increases slightly and
then drop suddenly as the fluid passes through the orifice. The pressure
continues to drop until it reaches the “vena contracta” and then it gradually
increases until it is approximately 5D to 8D. At this point, it reaches maximum
downstream pressure which is lower than the pressure upstream of the orifice.
(Emerson, 2017, Reference: https://bit.ly/3thSq5C
Pitot tube is one of the simplest flow sensors, it is used in a wide range of
flow measurement applications. Pitot can determine the change in flow speed
within a tube Pitot static tube can be moved across the whole cross-section of
the pipe and, thus, the pressure profile can be measured. This tube is
connected to a manometer through hoses. The position of the measuring head
relative to the bottom edge of the tube can be measured on a scale. (Ashmed
K. Alshara, 2015, Reference: https://bit.ly/33eyrKe
II. OBJECTIVES:
1. To study the characteristics and applications of Pitot tube
2. To calculate the flow rate of water from the pressure difference of Pitot tube
3. To determine the relationship between the actual and theoretical volumetric
flow rate with the aid of discharge coefficient concept.
4. To obtain the coefficient of discharge from experimental data by utilizing Pitot
tube.
III. NEEDED APPARATUS:
Hydraulic bench apparatus
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Stopwatch / timer
Flow measuring device (HB 016)
IV. PROCEDURE:
1. Remove the air bubble from the system.
2. Allow the water to circulate into the system. Wait until all the air reaches into
the safety valve and release it.
3. Close the flow control valve and keep the gate valve (outer valve) open.
4. Make sure that the heights of water in the manometer are all the same. (170-
180 mm is the suggested height)
5. Now, Start the Hydraulic Bench pump and open the flow control valve lightly.
6. Take note of the pressure drop between two points (manometer tapings) for
Venturi, Orifice, and Pitot (There are two manometer tapings connected to
every meter)
7. Increase again the flowrate by rotating the flow control valve and take new
readings.
Please refer to the following video:

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hZmOxi_b10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tStj2r5c7U8
V. DATA, RESULTS & COMPUTATION
ASSUME: d = 38mm
Hydraulic bench Pitot Tube

No. of
trials Flow Water Water Water
Volume Time rate Level in Level in Level
(L) (Sec) Actual Manometer Manometer Difference
(L/min) left (mm) Right (mm) (mm)
1 9 60 9 13.6 7.5 6.1
2 10 60 10 21.2 13.5 7.7
3 12 60 12 32.5 22.5 10.0
4 13 60 13 40.4 28.1 12.3
Coefficient of Discharge:
Trial Qa (m 3 /s ¿ Qt (m 3 /s ¿ Cd (Qa/Qt)
1 0.00015 0.0003923 0.3823

2 0.00017 0.0004408 0.3857
3 0.0002 0.0005024 0.3981
4 0.00022 0.0005577 0.3945
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Computations:
V = √2 gh h = water level difference
Qt =VxA
π (d)2
A=
4
d = 38mm (assumed diameter value)
Qa
C d=
Qt
Q a = Hydraulic bench flow rate

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

551 MF Jhocson Street, Sampaloc, Manila

NAME: _________________ DATE: _

GROUP # _ SECTION: _

Hydraulic Bench Apparatus attatched with Flow measuring device

Venturi Meter is a device in which pressure energy is converted into kinetic

An orifice meter is a piece of equipment used to measure the flow rate of a

Flow measuring device (HB 016)

Please refer to the following video:

V. DATA, RESULTS & COMPUTATION

Hydraulic bench Pitot Tube

1 0.00015 0.0003923 0.3823

V = √2 gh h = water level difference

Q a = Hydraulic bench flow rate

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