1 Activity: Ganilyn D. Ponciano. Stem 12 - A Disaster Risk Reduction

1ST ACTIVITY
Ganilyn D. Ponciano. STEM 12 – A DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Classify the following phenomenon and explain the basis of your classification.
A. Ground shaking - Ground shaking is a term used to describe the vibration of the ground during
an earthquake. Ground shaking is caused by body waves and surface waves. As a generalization,
the severity of ground shaking increases as magnitude increases and decreases as distance from
the causative fault increases. Ground shaking is both a hazard created by earthquakes and the
trigger for other hazards such as liquefaction and landslides. Ground shaking describes the
vibration of the ground during an earthquake.
B. Tornado - A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of
the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. Tornadoes
are natural disasters that are responsible for part of the world death toll each year. A tornado is
defined as a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the surface of the
Earth.
C. Landslide - A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a
slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil
and rock under the direct influence of gravity. A landslide occurs when dirt, rocks and assorted
rubble are dislodged and pulled by gravity down a slope. This phenomenon is sometimes called
slope failure because the underlying earth holding the debris in place fails to maintain that hold.
D. Flood - A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. Floods are an
area of study in the discipline of hydrology. They are the most common and widespread natural
severe weather event. Floods can look very different because flooding covers anything from a
few inches of water to several feet. Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and
occur when an overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry. Floods are often caused by
heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt or a storm surge from a tropical cyclone or tsunami in coastal
areas.
E. Indoor Fire – “Indoor fire” means the burning of materials in any enclosed or confined area.
Believe it or not, allowing dust to build up in and around electronics, electrical sockets, and even
floor heaters can be a fire hazard.
F. Lava Flow - A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava created during a non-explosive effusive
eruption. When it has stopped moving, lava solidifies to form igneous rock. The term lava flow is
commonly shortened to lava. Major hazards of lava flows -- burying, crushing, covering, burning
everything in their path. Sometimes lava melts ice and snow to cause floods and lahars. Lava
flows can dam rivers to form lakes that might overflow and break their dams causing floods.
G. Industrial Pollution - Industrial pollution is the pollution which can be directly linked with
industry. This form of pollution is one of the leading causes of pollution worldwide. There are a
number of forms of industrial pollution. Similarly, air pollution (a chemical hazard) can damage
respiratory tissue, making the body more vulnerable to a respiratory infection (a biological
hazard). Infectious diseases (biological hazards) can also weaken the immune system, making an
individual more vulnerable to chemical hazards.
H. Typhoon - Typhoon, one of the most catastrophic natural hazards, is a tropical cyclone that
usually forms in the western Pacific Ocean. The rising air contains a huge amount of moisture,
and on its way upward, cools down and condenses, resulting in huge clouds above the ocean
surface. A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the
Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the
most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for almost one-third of the world's
annual tropical cyclones.
I. Forest fire - Forest fires are natural phenomena (being ignited by lightning, for example) and are
important for a forest's natural life cycle as dead wood is burnt. A wildfire, bushfire, wild land
fire or rural fire is an unplanned, unwanted, uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible
vegetation starting in rural areas and urban areas.
J. Liquefaction - Soil liquefaction occurs when a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially
loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress such as shaking during an
earthquake or other sudden change in stress condition, in which material that is ordinarily a
solid behaves like a liquid.
K. Storm surge - A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-
like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such
as tropical cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the normal tidal level, and
does not include waves.
L. Tsunami - A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like
phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as
tropical cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the normal tidal level, and does
not include waves. The phenomenon we call tsunami is a series of large waves of extremely long
wavelength and period usually generated by a violent, impulsive undersea disturbance or
activity near the coast or in the ocean.
M. Extreme rainfall - Extreme rainfall means rainfall higher than 100 mm in 1 day. Most extreme
rainfall exhibit characteristics such as a high amount of moisture and a weather disturbance
such as typhoons, snowstorms, or warm and cold front. The longer these situations happen in
the same location, the higher the probability of more extreme rainfall.

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Ganilyn D. Ponciano. STEM 12 – A DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

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