1091 Circuit Theory HW2 Solution: Magnitude A JB A B B Phase A JB Add Ifa B Subtract Ifa B A

1091 Circuit Theory HW2 Solution
Carteisan/Polar form conversion (use calculator or Octave when necessary)

(1) Convert (a) (b) into Polar form (exponential form), and (c) (d) into Cartesian form
(rectangular form).
(a) -2+5j (b) -3  (c) 6e j ( /3) (d) 7e j100
Ans:
Magnitude : a  jb  a 2  b 2
b
Phase : a  jb  tan 1 ( ), (add 180 if a  0, b  0; subtract 180 if a  0, b  0)
a
Real Part : Re(re j )  r cos 

Imaginary Part : Im(re j )  r sin 
(a)
Magnitude : 2  5 j  (2) 2  52  29  5.3852
5
Phase :   2  5 j  tan 1 ( )  180  1.1903 (rad )    1.9512(rad )  68.199  180  111.8
2
2  5 j  5.3852e j1.9512  5.3852e j111.8
(b)
Magnitude : 3  3
Phase :   3   (rad )  180
3  3 e j  3 e j180
(If a complex number is on the negative real axis, its phase is equal to  (rad )  180 )
(c)
 1
Real Part: Re(6e j ( /3) )= 6  cos( )  6   3
3 2
Imaginary Part:  3
Im(6e j ( /3) )=6  sin( )  6  3 3
3 2

j
6e 3
 33 3 j
(d)
1
Real Part: Re(7e  j100 )  7  cos(100 )  1.2155
Imaginary Part: Im(7e j100 )  7  sin(100 )  6.8937
7e j100  1.2155  j 6.8937
2
Phasor/Sinusoidal Time Signal conversion
(2) Find the phasors which represent the following sinusoidal currents: i(t)=
𝜋
(a) 20 cos (5𝜋𝑡 + ) (b) 7 sin(800𝑡) (c) −9 cos(500t) + 9sin(500t)
4
Plot (a) versus time t. Label the peak height, peak location (the one closest to t=0),
and period.
Ans:
AC Time Signal i(t ) is a function of time t Corresponding Phasor Iˆ is a complex number

i(t )  I m cos(t  I ) Iˆ  I m e jI
Note that i(t )  Iˆ, I m cos(t  I )  I m e jI
Time Signal i(t ) Phasor Iˆ

cos t 1 Phasor of i(t )  i1 (t )  i2 (t )
 cos t 1 is
sin t j Iˆ  Iˆ1  Iˆ2
 sin t j
(a)
𝜋
i(t) = 20 cos (5𝜋𝑡 + )
4
𝜋
Î = 20𝑒 𝑗 4
Peak height :20cos(0o) = 20
𝜋 1
Peak location : 5𝜋t+ = 0, t= - = -0.05
4 20
1 1
Period : 2𝜋f = 5𝜋, f =2.5,T= = =0.4(s)
𝑓 2.5
(b)
𝜋
i(t)=7sin(800t)=7cos(800t- )
2
𝜋
Î = 7𝑒 −𝑗 2
(c)
i(t)=i1(t)+i2(t)
= - 9 cos(500t) + 9 sin(500t)
3
Î=Î1+Î2
=(Phasor of -9cos(500t))+ (Phasor of 9sin(500t))
=(-9)(Phasor of cos(500t))+(9)(Phasor of sin(500t))
= -9(1)+9(-j)
= -9 -9j (in the 3rd quadrant opposite to 45o direction)
 j135
= 9 2e (Phase is 45o-180o= -135o)
𝜋
Plot of (a) i(t) = 20 cos (5𝜋𝑡 + )
4
4
(3) Transform the following voltage phasors into the standard form v(t )  Vm cos(t  V ),
assuming that the frequency w  377(rad / s). Vˆ  (a) -36j (b) 17𝑒 −𝑗0.5𝜋 (c) 5-3j (all in
volts).
Ans:
(a)
Convert V ̂=Vm𝑒 𝑗𝑉
̂ into polor form V
̂= -36j
V
̂|=Vm=|-36j|=36
|V
̂=v=-36j= -90o = - 𝜋(rad)
V
2
(If a complex number is on the negative imaginary axis, its phase is equal to
𝜋
− (rad) = −90o)
2
𝜋
̂ =36𝑒 −𝑗 2
V
𝜋
v(t) = Vmcos(t+𝑉 ) = 36cos(377t− ) = 36cos(377t-90o)(V)
2
(b)
𝜋
̂ =17𝑒 −𝑗 2
V
𝜋
v(t) = Vmcos(t+𝑉 ) = 17cos(377t− ) = 17cos(377t-90o)(V)
2
(c)
̂=Vm𝑒 𝑗𝑉
̂ into polor form V
Convert V
̂=5-3j
V
̂|=Vm=|5-3j|=√52 + (−3)2 =√34
|V
̂=v=5-3j=tan-1(−3)-31o
V
5
v(t)= Vmcos(t+𝑉 )= √34cos(377t-31o)(V)
5
Find Impedance Z for basic components
(4)
(a)Find the impedance ZL of a 50nH inductor at 7GHz frequency
(b)Find the impedance ZC of a 20mF capacitor at 5kHZ frequency
Ans:
(a)
L=50nH=50×10-9(H)
f = 7GHz =7×109Hz
Z = ZL=jL= j2𝜋fL=j2𝜋×(7×109)×(50×10-9)=j2𝜋(3.5×102)=j7𝜋(102)(Ω)
(b)
C = 20mF = 20×10-3(F)
f = 5kHz = 5×103Hz
1 −𝑗 −𝑗 −𝑗 −𝑗
Z = ZC = = = = = (Ω )
jC C 2𝜋f×(20×10−3 ) 2𝜋(5000)×(20×10−3 ) 200𝜋
Use Phasor equation Vˆ  Iˆ Z to find voltage or current signals in AC steady state

𝜋
(5) A current 𝑖(𝑡) = 110 cos (30000𝑡 − ) (A) is applied across an RL branch with
4
R=10Ω and L=(1/3) mH. Find an expression for the time variation of the voltage
over the RL branch (i.e. find v(t)).
Ans:
𝜋
𝑖(𝑡) = 110 cos (30000𝑡 − )
4
𝜋
Î=110𝑒 −𝑗 4 (A)
Z=ZR+ZL=R+jL
1
=10+j×30000× ×10-3
3
=10+10j
𝜋
=10√2𝑒 𝑗 4 (Ω)
𝜋 𝜋
̂ = Î×Z=110𝑒 −𝑗 4 ×10√2𝑒 𝑗 4 =1100√2 (V)
V
v(t)=1100√2 ∙cos(30000t)(V)

1091 Circuit Theory HW2 Solution: Magnitude A JB A B B Phase A JB Add Ifa B Subtract Ifa B A

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1091 Circuit Theory HW2 Solution: Magnitude A JB A B B Phase A JB Add Ifa B Subtract Ifa B A

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1091 Circuit Theory HW2 Solution

Carteisan/Polar form conversion (use calculator or Octave when necessary)

Real Part : Re(re j )  r cos 

AC Time Signal i(t ) is a function of time t Corresponding Phasor Iˆ is a complex number

Note that i(t )  Iˆ, I m cos(t  I )  I m e jI

Time Signal i(t ) Phasor Iˆ

v(t)= Vmcos(t+𝑉 )= √34cos(377t-31o)(V)

Use Phasor equation Vˆ  Iˆ Z to find voltage or current signals in AC steady state

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