SSP - 990123C - Audi Q5 Hybrid Quattro
SSP - 990123C - Audi Q5 Hybrid Quattro
SSP - 990123C - Audi Q5 Hybrid Quattro
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Hybrid Vehicles at Audi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Hybrid Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Types of Full Hybrid Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Other Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
i
Table of Contents
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Special Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Other Service Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
!
Note
Alternating current (AC) voltage as low as 25 volts, and direct current (DC) voltage as low as 60 volts are
hazardous to humans. It is therefore important to pay strict attention to the safety instructions in current
technical literature, Guided Fault Finding, and warnings displayed on the vehicle.
All work on the high voltage system must be performed by a qualified high voltage technician. Only
qualified high voltage technicians are allowed to disconnect the maintenance connector to de-energize the
vehicle.
To ensure the proper and safe use of high voltage special tools, guidelines in current technical literature
must also be strictly followed.
The Self-Study Program provides introductory information regarding the design Reference Note
!
and function of new models, automotive components, or technologies.
The Self-Study Program is not a Repair Manual!
All values given are intended as a guideline only.
For maintenance and repair work, always refer to current technical literature.
ii
Introduction
Hybrid Vehicles at Audi
AUDI AG can look back at over 20 years of The A4 Avant duo electric motor could also
experience with hybrid technology. The first recover energy during deceleration. In electric
generation of the Audi duo, a hybrid concept car mode, the duo attained a top speed of 50 mph
based on the Audi 100 Avant, made its European (80 km/h) and a maximum speed of 105 mph (170
debut in 1989. A five-cylinder gasoline engine km/h) with TDI power.
drove the front wheels and a part-time electric Further development in hybrid technology
motor developing 12 hp (9 kW) drove the rear was showcased in the Audi R18 e-tron quattro
wheels. Rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries prototype race cars at the 2012 24 Hours of Le
provided the energy source. Mans. Audi dominated the competition, taking
Another duo variant based on the Audi 100 Avant first and second place, becoming the first
quattro followed two years later. manufacturer to win the legendary race with
hybrid technology. The winning cars featured
In 1997, AUDI AG became the first European
a TDI turbo diesel engine powering the rear
manufacturer to build a limited edition hybrid
wheels, and an electric motor powering the
production vehicle. It was based on the Audi A4
front axle for greater acceleration coming out of
Avant.
corners.
Drive for this A4 was provided by a 1.9 liter TDI
In addition to hybrids, Audi is also developing
engine developing 90 hp (66 kW), and a water-
a new family of electrically powered vehicles
cooled electric motor developing 29 hp (21 kW).
(e-tron) capable of driving long distances.
This front-wheel drive vehicle used an electric
motor powered by a lead-gel battery that could The Audi A1 e-tron, designed for congested city
be recharged by plugging into an electrical driving conditions, always operates electrically.
outlet. No additional gasoline or TDI engine is used to
extend driving range.
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1
Hybrid Technology
Vehicles with bivalent drive technology have A combination of two different drive units,
an internal combustion engine which can burn hybrid drive technology is an internal
different types of fuel to provide drive power. combustion engine working with an electric
These vehicles can run on fossil and renewable motor (e-machine).
fuels (diesel and biodiesel) or liquid and gaseous Hybrid drive can generate electrical energy
fuels (gasoline, natural gas, and liquid propane from kinetic energy (for instance, brake energy
gas), and are gaining market share. recuperation), serve as a motor for driving the
vehicle, and act as a starter for the internal
combustion engine.
There are three types of hybrid drives:
• Full hybrid drive
• Mild hybrid drive
Internal
• Micro hybrid drive combustion
engine
Crankshaft
Electric motor
(e-machine)
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2
Full Hybrid Drive
This is the system used in the Audi Q5 hybrid Additional features include an e-machine start-
quattro and will be used on other Audi models. stop function that automatically shuts down and
restarts the internal combustion engine during
For this drive, a powerful e-machine capable
idling situations, such as when the vehicle is
of electric-only, low speed driving is combined
stopped at a traffic light, in stop and go city
with an on-demand internal combustion engine,
driving, or when it is coasting. This improves fuel
which is used for longer distances and higher
economy and reduces emissions.
drive speeds.
Charge/discharge
mode
While mild hybrid drive is identical to full hybrid In this drive design, which is not capable of
drive with regard to technology and components electric-only driving, the electrical components
used, this system is not capable of electric-only (e-starter/generator) are used only to implement
operation. Via the start-stop function, a smaller the start-stop function.
e-machine is activated in select situations, such This system does have some capacity for brake
as when the car is coasting, braking, or stopped. energy recuperation to charge the high voltage
This system also uses brake energy recuperation battery. Characteristics of the 12 volt battery are
to charge the high voltage battery. adapted for frequent engine starting.
This system is used in the Audi A1 (not offered in
the North American market at this time).
12 volt
battery
Charge/discharge mode
Brake
energy
E-starter/
recuperation
Internal generator
combustion 489_013
Total drive power engine
3
Types of Full Hybrid Drives
The parallel configuration is noted for its The power-branched configuration has an
simplicity. This solution is used for “hybridizing” e-machine and an internal combustion engine
existing model lines. mounted on the front axle. Drive is provided
The internal combustion engine, e-machine, by both the internal combustion engine and
and transmission are mounted on a shaft. e-machine, and is transmitted through a
The individual power output of both drives is planetary gear set to the vehicle transmission.
transferred directly to the wheels. Unlike the parallel hybrid configuration, the
This design uses many carry-over parts from individual power output of both drives is not
the original vehicle. In quattro models, the transmitted entirely to the wheels. The generated
drive power is distributed to all four wheels in a power is partly used to drive the vehicle, while
parallel hybrid configuration. the remainder is stored as electrical energy in
the high voltage battery.
High voltage
Clutch e-machine
battery
High voltage
battery
Transmission
Transmission
489_016 489_018
Internal Internal
e-machine Planetary
combustion combustion gear set
engine engine
4
Serial Hybrid Drive Power-Branched Serial Hybrid Drive
With this configuration, the vehicle is driven by This configuration is a cross between the
the e-machine only, with the internal combustion previously described hybrid drive types, and is
engine having no mechanical connection to designed for all-wheel drive vehicles.
the drive axle. The internal combustion engine The vehicle is equipped with an internal
drives an electrical generator which supplies the combustion engine and two e-machines. The
e-machine with electrical power or charges the internal combustion engine and e-machine 1 are
high voltage battery during vehicle operation. mounted on the front axle, while e-machine 2 is
mounted on the rear axle and is activated only
as required. The internal combustion engine and
e-machine 1 can drive the vehicle’s transmission
through a planetary gear set. A high voltage
battery is mounted between the two vehicle
axles.
e-machine e-machine 1
High voltage
Transmission battery e-machine 2
Generator
489_017 479_019
Internal Internal Planetary
combustion combustion gear set
engine engine
5
Other Terminology
This term describes a hybrid drive vehicle that The word “recuperation” comes from the Latin
can have its high voltage battery externally “recuperare,” meaning to recover or restore. In
charged via a charging station or a household hybrid vehicles, it means the recovery of kinetic
power outlet. energy during deceleration. Kinetic energy is
A cross between a pure hybrid and an electric recovered when a vehicle is braking or coasting,
car, plug-in hybrid vehicles combine the and is then stored in the vehicle battery.
advantages of both internal combustion engine- Recuperation is a key component of the vehicle’s
equipped vehicles and battery powered vehicles. electrical energy management system.
Electric Motor Operation: High Voltage Battery is Recuperation: High Voltage Battery is Recharged
Discharged
During vehicle deceleration, the vehicle is braked
When driving under electric power, power is electrically by the e-machine, which recharges
drawn from the high voltage battery, which also the high voltage battery. A portion of the energy
supplies power for the 12 volt vehicle electrical is recovered as soon as the driver takes his foot
system. off the accelerator, with the amount recovered
increasing during vehicle braking. The 12 volt
vehicle electrical system is supplied with power
from the e-machine.
266V 266V
J623 J623
489_088 489_089
Key:
High voltage wires
Hybrid CAN
AX1 Hybrid Battery Unit
JX1 Electric Drive Power and Control Electronics
V141 Electro-Drive Drive Motor
J623 Engine Control Module
J840 Battery Regulation Control Module
J841 Electrical Drive Control Module
6
Electric Drive Motor (e-machine) Electric motor as generator
Coasting
7
Introduction to the Q5 hybrid quattro
Identifying Features
hybrid logo on
the engine cover
hybrid logo on
the fenders
8
MMI Navigation Plus
with hybrid display
hybrid logo on
the rear trunk lid
9
Design Overview
The 2.0 TFSI and e-machine of the Audi Q5 hybrid The cooling circuit of the internal combustion
quattro are mounted directly behind one another engine also provides cooling for the e-machine.
as a parallel hybrid system. JX1 is cooled via a separate low-temperature
coolant circuit.
Electric Drive Power and Control Electronics
JX1 is a pulse controlled inverter that connects A permanently excited synchronous motor
the high voltage battery and the e-machine. It functions as a starter, and during deceleration,
is some times referred to as “power electronics as a generator.
module” or shortened further to “power The quattro drive applies the power of both
electronics.” This module serves as a controller the internal combustion engine and e-machine
between the battery, which outputs direct efficiently to the road in any situation. In normal
current (DC), and the e-machine that operates on driving conditions, drive is directed more to the
alternating current (AC). rear axle, or to the axle with better traction.
JX1 includes a DC/DC converter that provides 12 The sophisticated running gear includes many
volt power for the electric consumers on the 12V aluminum components for reduced weight.
electrical system.
Located in the plenum chamber of the engine
compartment, it requires high voltage cabling
that is both compact and lightweight.
Electrical A/C
Compressor V470
10
The Climatronic system of the Audi Q5 hybrid The battery consists of 72 cells. At 266 volts, its
quattro was adapted to the requirements nominal energy is 1.3 kWh, with output being
of electric driving. A high voltage, demand 39 kW.
controlled electric A/C compressor is used for The battery is cooled in two ways, depending on
high efficiency. load requirements. At low-temperature load, it
The A/C compressor ensures operation even draws temperate air from the vehicle interior via
when the combustion engine is not running. a fan. If its temperature exceeds a certain limit, a
An electric auxiliary heater supports the interior separate refrigerant circuit is activated.
heating system. The battery cooling module is coupled to the
A lightweight lithium-ion battery system main climate control system of the vehicle and
weighing 83.7 lb (38 kg) stores and provides the has its own evaporator.
energy for the e-machine. This compact unit is
positioned in a crash-safe area under the trunk
floor, and does not reduce luggage compartment
volume.
Hybrid Battery Unit
AX1 with Hybrid
Battery A38
Battery cooling
module
High voltage
wiring harness
Refrigerant 489_Q5hq
lines
11
2.0L TFSI Engine
Specifications
268 hp (200 kW) 443 lb ft (600 Nm)
Torque in lb ft (Nm)
134 hp (100 kW) 221 lb ft (300 Nm)
hp (kW) lb ft (Nm)
Power output (internal combustion engine) 211 hp (155 kW) @ 4300–6000 rpm
System power output 245 hp (181 kW)
Torque (internal combustion engine) 258 lb ft (350 Nm) @ 1500–4200 rpm
System torque 354 lb ft (480 Nm)
Top speed (electric drive only) 62 mph (100 km/h)
Range (electric drive only) 1.8 miles (3 km) at 37 mph (60 km/h)
Number of valves per cylinder 4
12
2.0L TFSI Engine Modifications
Drive Belt Elimination for Auxiliary Units Modified Use of Secondary Air Injection
The conventional belt drive system of the • Cylinder heads with additional secondary air
2.0L TFSI engine was eliminated and replaced channels
with a new mounting design to accommodate
• Secondary Air Injection Pump Relay J299
the new electrical (non-belt driven) A/C
compressor. • Secondary Air Injection Pump Motor V101
• Secondary Air Injection Solenoid Valve N112
The engine features revised bearing materials
for the crankshaft and balance shafts to ensure • Secondary Air Injection Sensor 1 G609
smooth start-stop operation. The crankshaft
pulley is still designed to function as a vibration
damper.
The cooling system is subdivided into low The introduction of the MED 17.1.1 engine
and high temperature circuits. It includes an control module (ECM) with a triple-core
additional low temperature cooling circuit for processor also made it possible to implement
Electric Drive Power and Control Electronics JX1. an innovative thermal management system. The
When the internal combustion engine is at a result was improved fuel economy and reduced
standstill, the coolant is circulated by an electric CO2 emissions via heat balance optimizing
coolant pump. in the vehicle. This was accomplished by
keeping all parts and assemblies (for instance,
the engine and transmission) under thermal
load (connected to the cooling system) within
their optimal temperature range for greatest
efficiency.
• Passenger compartment heat exchanger • Electric Drive Power and Control Electronics
• Coolant Shut-Off Valve N82 JX1
• Electro-Drive Motor V141 • Low Temperature Circuit Coolant Pump V468
• High Temperature Circuit Coolant Pump V467 • Coolant cooler for low temperature circuit
• Coolant pump
• Exhaust turbocharger
• Engine oil cooler
• Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor G62
• Map Controlled Engine Cooling Thermostat
F265
• After-Run Coolant Pump V51
• High temperature circuit coolant radiator
• Transmission oil cooler
!
Note
Electric Drive Power and Control Electronics JX1 will be damaged if its temperature goes over 185°F (85°C).
13
High temperature circuit Low temperature circuit
1 1
2
JX1
3
N82
V141
V467
G62 F26
6 7
V51
J671 J293
V468
9
Hot coolant
Cooled coolant 489_002
Legend:
14
Active Exhaust Flap in Rear Muffler
An active exhaust flap is installed only in the This flap closes at up to 220 lb ft (300 Nm) torque
left rear muffler, and is controlled by Exhaust and 1800 rpm and during charging of the battery
Door Valve 1 N321. It is closed when vacuum in idle mode.
is present, and is open when vacuum is not
present, such as when the engine is not running.
Vacuum
motor
489_086
15
Engine Control Module J623
• Internal combustion engine control In this mode, the e-machine is used only as a
generator. Therefore, no electric drive, e-boost,
• Thermal management control
start-stop function, or brake energy recuperation
• Hybrid manager are available in this mode.
In transport mode, the high voltage battery
The ECM decides when to use electric is charged whenever the internal combustion
drive and informs Electric Drive Power and engine is running. Top speed is limited to
Control Electronics JX1 of the driver’s torque 22 mph (35 km/h) or 3500 rpm. If transport mode
requirement. is not deactivated using the VAS Scan Tool, it is
J623 controls the thermal management of all deactivated during the next “terminal 15” cycle
coolant circuits. after the vehicle has covered a distance greater
than 62 miles (100 km).
The internal combustion engine can be engaged
to run continuously for diagnostic purposes by
doing the following:
Service Mode
• Activating the kick-down in “P” will run the
internal combustion engine continuously This mode is activated by J623 via the VAS Scan
until a gear is selected Tool using the adaptation function. Minimum
engine coolant temperature must be 77°F
Whenever the vehicle is being driven in electric (25°C). When in service mode, both Malfunction
mode, the cruise control system is active. Indicator Lamp K83 and Engine Electronics
Indicator Lamp K149 are activated.
In this mode, the e-machine can only be used as
a generator, with the high voltage battery being
charged whenever the internal combustion
engine is running. No electric drive, e-boost,
start-stop function, or brake energy recuperation
are available. The internal combustion engine is
started using the 12 volt auxiliary starter.
If the service mode adaptation is not cancelled,
it will be deactivated at the next “terminal 15”
cycle after the vehicle has been driven a distance
greater than 31 miles (50 km).
489_072
489_003
16
Notes
17
Eight-Speed Automatic
Transmission with Hybrid Module
489_025
The e-machine is installed with a multi- Since the torque converter has been eliminated,
plate clutch (K0) as a single module in the clutch K1 is used as a starting component.
automatic transmission. It takes the place of Transmission Fluid Auxiliary Hydraulic Pump 1
the torque converter and requires no additional V475 lubricates the transmission and creates
space. Running in an oil bath, it connects or the oil pressure required for hydraulic actuation
disconnects the internal combustion engine to when the e-machine is at a standstill.
the e-machine.
!
Note
As with other automatic transmission equipped vehicles, a disabled vehicle should be transported by
flat bed towing. If this is not possible, it must be flat towed (front or rear axles must not be raised) and a
towing speed of 31 mph (50 km/h) must not be exceeded.
18
Running Gear
Electromechanical Steering
Input shaft
Ball screw
Electromechanical Power
Steering Motor V187 with
rotor position sensor
V192 is mounted on the ABS Control Module The vacuum pump is controlled by Engine
on the left side of the engine compartment. It Control Module J623 via Vacuum Pump Relay
provides a vacuum source when the internal J318, based on signals from Brake Booster
combustion engine is not running. Pressure Sensor G294.
489_026
Reference
For more detailed information about the design and function of the electromechanical power steering
system, refer to Self-Study Program 990303, The 2012 Audi A7 Running Gear and Suspension Systems.
19
ABS/ESP Control Module J104 Brake Pedal Position Sensor G100
The ABS/ESP module of the Audi Q5 hybrid G100 communicates with the Engine Control
quattro is identical in design to that in the Module.
standard Q5. The software has been revised It is used for controlling the electrical braking
to include a hybrid engine drag torque control function (brake energy recuperation) via the ECM
(MSR) function. and ABS/ESP Control Module J104.
This was necessary because brake pressure The brake pedal has approximately 0.3 in (9
cannot be reduced for stabilization purposes mm) of idle travel at the brake booster. This
during electrical braking (brake energy allows only electrical braking and helps ensure a
recuperation). During the recuperation phase, smooth transmission to hydraulic braking when
the ECM is instructed to reduce and adapt the brake pedal is depressed.
engine drive torque.
After replacing the brake pedal position sensor
If the ESP is deactivated or Downhill Assist is or the ECM, G100 must be adapted using the
activated while the gear selector is in the “D” VAS Scan Tool.
position, the internal combustion engine runs
continuously.
20
Electrical System
High Voltage System
The high voltage electrical system has an IT The “T” in “IT network” means that all devices
network configuration. The “I” in “IT network” are connected to the body by equi-potential
stands for the insulated transmission of bonding. This electrical line is monitored by
electrical energy through separate positive and Battery Regulation Control Module J840 during
negative wires or lines that are insulated from the insulation test, where insulation faults and
the vehicle body. short circuits can be detected.
Warning Signs
To minimize high voltage system risks to users, Two types of warning labels are used:
service and repair personnel, and medical
emergency first responders, numerous warning • Yellow warning label with warning symbol for
and information labels are provided on the Audi electrical voltage
Q5 hybrid quattro. • Warning label marked “Danger” against a red
background
The following yellow labels indicate high Warning labels marked “Danger” identify high
voltage conducting components or high voltage voltage components or high voltage conducting
components installed in the immediate vicinity, components.
for example, at-risk components not visible
under protective covers.
489_054 489_056
Warning against Warning against Mandatory signs:
hazardous touching live parts observe instructions
electrical voltage for use
Warning against a Warning against
hazardous area touching live parts
489_055
489_057
Special high voltage identification label
affixed to the top of the battery in English and
in the import country’s national language
21
Hybrid Battery Unit AX1
AX1 is located in the spare tire well of the The housing is connected to the vehicle by
luggage compartment and includes the equi-potential bonding (joined metalwork that is
following components: grounded).
• Hybrid Battery A38 Cooling air connections are integrated into the
battery housing. A ventilation line is attached to
• Battery Regulation Control Module J840
the battery housing to discharge gas released
• High Voltage System Maintenance Connector from a faulty cell.
TW
• Pilot Line Connector 1 TV44
• Hybrid Battery High Voltage Wiring Harness
PX1
• Connections for 12 volt vehicle electrical
system
Battery
ventilation
Battery Regulation line
Control Module J840
Pilot Line
Connector 1 TV44 Hybrid Battery Unit AX1
with Hybrid Battery A38
489_042
22
Components of Hybrid Battery
Unit AX1
A38 is also integrated into AX1. A sensor Charging the High Voltage Battery
monitors the electrical current during the
charging and discharging cycles. Additional If the instrument cluster display reads, “Vehicle
sensors monitor voltage upstream and cannot be started at this time. Refer to owner’s
downstream of the high voltage contacts. manual“, the high voltage battery must be
As noted earlier, the high voltage contacts are charged.
closed when “terminal 15” is switched ON, and To do this, switch the ignition OFF and connect a
opened when “terminal 15” is switched OFF or a battery charger of at least 30A to the jump start
crash signal is received. lugs. After the 12V battery has been successfully
The charge level of the high voltage battery is charged, switch the ignition ON. The following
maintained between 30% and 80%. The limited message is displayed: “Preparing to start vehicle.
charge range extends the life of this battery. Please wait…“.
The battery charge indicator in the instrument If no charge current is consumed by the high
cluster displays the available range as 0% to voltage battery within one minute, the following
100%. Charge level information is communicated message is displayed: “Charging cycle aborted.
over the Hybrid CAN. Cannot start engine“, meaning the charger does
If starting capacity is limited (less than 25% not have enough power. A fault is indicated via a
charge in the high voltage battery) or the engine red hybrid warning lamp.
fails to start, the following message is displayed: If a charging current is detected, the high
“Vehicle cannot be started at this time. See voltage battery is charged to 35%. A green
owner’s manual“. If the battery charge level charging connector symbol appears in the
drops below 20%, Battery Regulation Control instrument cluster display. During this process,
Module J840 prevents the high voltage contacts the 12 volt battery is partially discharged. If
from closing except for charging of the high the charge level of the high voltage battery has
voltage battery. This prevents further discharge dropped below 5%, the battery can no longer be
of the battery. charged.
When driving under electric power only, the high
voltage battery supplies both the high voltage
and 12 volt systems.
23
High Voltage System
Maintenance Connector TW
489_028
Locking and Unlocking the
Maintenance Connector
489_030
24
Maintenance connector in position 2
489_032
Restarting
489_029
Fuse in maintenance
connector
!
Note
Only qualified high voltage technicians are allowed to disconnect the maintenance connector to
de-energize the vehicle.
25
Battery Cooling
When charging a battery, the chemical There are three cooling demand levels for
processes which take place during discharging Climatronic Control Module J255. The blower
are reversed. Heat is released during this speed is controlled by Battery Regulation Control
thermodynamic process, causing the battery to Module J840 via the LIN bus.
heat up.
In fresh air mode, V457 draws air out of the spare
Because the high voltage battery of the Audi tire well, channels it through the evaporator and
Q5 hybrid quattro is subject to continuous into the battery, and discharges the warm air
discharge and charge cycles, there can be into the atmosphere below the bumper at rear
considerable heat build-up. This not only left.
depreciates and ages the battery, it also
In air recirculation mode, Hybrid Battery
increases electrical resistance in the conductors,
Recirculation Door Positioning Motor 1 V479 and
with the result being that electrical energy is not
Hybrid Battery Recirculation Door Positioning
converted for work but is instead dissipated and
Motor 2 V480 are closed and no fresh air is
lost as heat.
inducted.
For this reason, the high voltage battery has a
If necessary, Battery Regulation Control Module
cooling module with a separate evaporator, and
J840 sends a request to activate Electrical A/C
is connected to the cooling circuit of the A/C
Compressor V470 to Climatronic Control Module
compressor. This cooling module operates on
J255 via the CAN bus.
the 12 volt onboard power supply.
Battery Fan 1 V457, Hybrid Battery Recirculation
In addition, there are six temperature sensors
Door Positioning Motor 1 V479, and Hybrid
between the Hybrid Battery Unit AX1 housing
Battery Recirculation Door Positioning Motor 2
and the two halves of the battery. Single
V480 are regulated by Battery Regulation Control
temperature sensors are located in each of the
Module J840 via the LIN bus. Positioning Motors
cooling module air intake and outlet ducts.
V479 and V480 are connected in series.
If Battery Regulation Control Module J840
Hybrid Battery Refrigerant Shut-Off Valve 2 N517
detects excessively high temperatures from
is normally closed and controls the refrigerant
either Temperature Sensor Before Hybrid Battery
flow to the air conditioner from the hybrid
Evaporator G756 or Temperature Sensor After
battery. Hybrid Battery Refrigerant Shut-Off
Hybrid Battery Evaporator G757, it activates
Valve 1 N516 is normally open and controls the
Battery Fan 1 V457.
refrigerant flow to the passenger compartment.
A cooling function model is programmed in the It is located in the engine compartment.
control module. Depending on the temperature,
The cooling module has a service position which
the system switches from fresh air mode to air
can be used for accessing the 12 volt battery
recirculation mode with active evaporator.
installed below it.
26
The components of the cooling module are:
• Battery Fan 1 V457
• Hybrid Battery Recirculation Door Positioning
Motor 1 V479
• Hybrid Battery Recirculation Door Positioning
Motor 2 V480
• Temperature Sensor Before Hybrid Battery
Evaporator G756
• Temperature Sensor After Hybrid Battery
Evaporator G757
• Hybrid Battery Refrigerant Shut-Off Valve 1
N516 (mounted in the engine compartment)
• Hybrid Battery Refrigerant Shut-Off Valve 2
N517
N517
Evaporator
G757 489_044
G756 V479
V457 V480
27
Electric Drive Power and
Control Electronics JX1
Electric Drive Power and Control Electronics As the DC/DC converter is bidirectional, it can
JX1 consists of Electrical Drive Control Module also convert the low voltage (12 volts) of the
J841, Drive Motor Inverter A37, Voltage Converter vehicle electrical system to the high voltage (266
A19, and Intermediate Circuit Capacitor 1 volts) of the high voltage battery. This function
C25. Electrical Drive Control Module J841 is used for jump starting (charging) the high
communicates on both the Hybrid CAN and voltage battery.
Powertrain CAN. The A/C compressor is connected directly to the
Drive Motor Inverter A37 (bidirectional pulse high voltage current of Electric Drive Power and
inverter) converts the direct current of the high Control Electronics JX1. Because the wires from
voltage battery to a three-phase A/C voltage for the A/C compressor have a smaller cross-section
the e-machine. In brake energy recuperation than the wires from the high voltage battery
and generator modes, DC voltage for charging to JX1, a 30A fuse is integrated in the power
the high voltage battery is generated from the electronics for the A/C compressor.
alternating current. JX1 has its own low temperature cooling circuit,
Speed is controlled by modulating the which is connected to the coolant reservoir of
frequency. At a speed of approximately 1000 the engine cooling circuit. Coolant is recirculated
rpm, the electrical frequency is about 267 Hz. as required by Low Temperature Circuit Coolant
Torque is controlled by pulse width modulation. Pump V468.
Voltage Converter A19 converts the DC voltage The low temperature circuit is a component
from the high voltage battery (266 volts) to the part of the thermal management system. The
low DC voltage (12 volts) of the vehicle electrical engine control module controls pump activation.
system. The ECM supplies the power electronics with
information on brake energy recuperation,
Intermediate Circuit Capacitor C25 serves as
generator operation, and driving speed when
an energy storage device for the e-machine.
driving under electric power.
The intermediate circuit capacitor is actively
discharged when “terminal 15” is switched OFF JX1 checks the speed and position of Drive
or if the high voltage system is deactivated due Motor Rotor Position Sensor 1 G713, as well as
to a crash signal. coolant temperature of Electro-Drive Drive Motor
V141 using Drive Motor Temperature Sensor
G712.
28
Electric Drive Power and Control Electronics JX1 Specifications
DC/AC 266Vnom in 189Veff AC
Continuous AC current 240Aeff
Peak AC current 395Aeff
AC/DC 189Veff AC to 266Vnom
e-machine drive 0–215V
DC/DC 266V to 12V and 12V to 266V (bidirectional)
DC/DC power output 2.6 kW
Weight 19.8 lb (9.3) kg
Coolant capacity 6.3 quarts (6.0 liters)
Operating States
489_036
29
Electro-Drive Drive Motor V141 (e-machine)
V141 (e-machine) is used for starting the internal As noted earlier, in the Audi Q5 hybrid quattro
combustion engine and, in generator mode, for the e-machine is installed between the 2.0L TFSI
charging the high voltage battery and 12 volt engine and the 8-speed automatic transmission.
battery. The 12 volt battery is charged via a It takes the place of the transmission torque
DC/DC converter in Electric Drive Power and converter but does not require additional
Control Electronics JX1. installation space.
The e-machine allows the vehicle to operate It is a permanently excited synchronous machine
solely under electric power but with limited and is driven by a three-phase field source.
speed and range. It also assists the internal The rotor has neodymium iron boron (NdFeB)
combustion engine during acceleration permanent magnets.
(e-boost). J841 and JX1 control the operation of the
If the hybrid manager (ECM) determines the e-machine. Torque is controlled by pulse width
e-machine has enough power to drive the modulation (PWM) of frequency and speed.
vehicle, the internal combustion engine is shut The 266 volt DC voltage is converted to
OFF. three-phase AC voltage via JX1. This creates
an electromagnetic three-phase field in the
e-machine.
Power terminals
Electro-Drive
Drive Motor V141
2.0L TFSI
engine
30
Components
Cooling jacket
Bearing plate
Rotor with
permanent magnets
Stator
with coils
Cut-Out
Clutch K0
489_010
Cooling
31
Drive Motor Temperature Sensor G712
489_074
G712 and G713
32
Air Conditioning System
Power consumption up to 6 kW
An electric A/C compressor is used instead of The A/C compressor is activated by Climatronic
a conventional belt-driven A/C compressor. It Control Module J255 to cool the passenger
is powered by the high voltage battery and is compartment and the high voltage battery.
connected to Electric Drive Power and Control Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) Auxiliary
Electronics JX1. A/C Compressor Control Module Heater Heating Element Z35 is also installed.
J842 is integrated into the A/C compressor. Auxiliary Air Heater Control Module J604 controls
The control module communicates over the both Low Heat Output Relay J359 and High Heat
Extended CAN bus. Compressor speed is Output Relay J360.
regulated by a pulse width modulated (PWM)
signal between 0–100%.
A/C Compressor
Service connection Hybrid Battery Refrigerant
Refrigerant reservoir Control Module J842
Shut-Off Valve 1 N516
with drier cartridge
Service connection
Condenser
A/C Pressure/
Temperature
Sensor G395
Electrical A/C
Compressor V470 489_027
33
Electrical A/C Compressor V470
Connection
condenser
Refrigerant
circuit
connection
Electrical A/C
Compressor V470
489_084
Climatronic Control
Module J255
Extended CAN bus
A/C Compressor
Control Module
Flap Control J842
Servo Motors
Auxiliary Air
Heater Control
Module J604
489_085
34
High Voltage Wires
The electrical lines of the high voltage system High voltage wires are also mechanically coded
differ considerably from the other lines in the at the round contacts. In a high voltage system,
12 volt vehicle electrical system. Due to higher all shock-proofed plug-in connections and high
voltage and current levels, high voltage electrical voltage wires are protected against chafing
lines have a significantly larger cross section and by a thick layer of insulation and additional
are connected by special plug-in contacts. corrugated tube sheathing.
To draw attention to the danger of high voltage, The high voltage system has the following line
all wires of the high voltage system are color sections:
coded orange.
• Two high voltage wires from the high voltage
To avoid incorrect assembly, the high voltage battery to the power electronics (P1, P2)
connectors are mechanically coded and
• Three high voltage wires from the power
identified by a colored ring under the bayonet
electronics to the e-machine (P4, P5, P6)
ring.
• Two-wire high voltage wire from the power
electronics to the A/C compressor (P3)
PX1
P3 P1 P2 P6 P5 P4
P3
Connection on
Electrical A/C
Compressor V470
Locking Locking
bracket 1 bracket 2
PX2
P2
P6
P5
P4
P1
35
Safety Design
Every 30 seconds, an insulation measurement All component parts of the high voltage system
is made in the high voltage system. This is are interconnected as a ring circuit by a separate
accomplished by applying system voltage, low voltage wire. The component connection to
which will detect insulation faults throughout the safety line is configured as a normally closed
the high voltage circuit: in the high voltage (NC) contact system.
battery, traction current lines, power electronics,
If all components are ready for operation, the
three-phase lines connected to the electric drive
contacts are closed. If a voltage is applied to the
motor, in the line to the A/C compressor, and the
safety line, current can flow because the line is
A/C compressor itself.
closed.
A measurable current indicates that all
Electrical Safety Line
components of the safety line are ready for
operation.
The safety line is a safety device designed to
monitor and actuate the open or closed state of
the high voltage system. It has an electrical and Safety Line Open
mechanical component.
If a normally closed (NC) contact is opened
Electrically, it is a line that runs through all high because a component is not ready for operation,
voltage components. If high voltage wires are or because the safety connector has been
disconnected, the safety line is interrupted and removed, the safety line is now open. No current
the high voltage system deactivated. It is like can flow when a voltage is applied. This is a sign
a series electrical circuit which is closed by its that the high voltage system is not ready for
safety connectors. If this circuit is opened by operation.
removing the safety connector, the high voltage
system is de-energized. A check is made by Battery Regulation Control
Module J840 in the Hybrid Battery Unit to
Pilot Line Contact 1 TV44 is the mechanical determine if the safety line is closed or open. If
component of the safety line. To remove this the control module determines the line is open,
line, a bayonet ring of the connector must first it does not activate the high voltage contact,
be lifted. This is combined with a locking bracket thus breaking the connection between the high
which prevents high voltage wires from being voltage battery and the high voltage system.
disconnected when voltage is present.
The safety connectors must be removed
Safety connector Locking High voltage wire
before disconnecting high voltage wires from connection bracket connections P1 and P2
high voltage components. This ensures that
the system is not powered when lines are
disconnected.
!
Note
Other commonly used terms or names
for the safety line are: pilot line and HV 489_037
Interlock.
36
High Voltage Connector Contacts
High voltage
contact High voltage
contact
Bayonet ring
Bayonet ring
High voltage
connector P3
Safety line contact
High voltage connector
P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6
489_092 489_091
Coding Ring
If the bayonet ring is pulled up and thus After connecting the terminal, the bayonet ring
unlocked, the color of the coding ring is visible. must be pushed down until it audibly engages.
The connection is then closed.
High voltage
connector
Coding ring
Unlocked Locked
bayonet ring bayonet ring
High voltage
connector
489_095 489_093
Mechanical Coding
Mechanical
coding
Coding ring
High voltage
connector
489_095
High voltage connector of terminal P4
37
Pilot Line Connector 1 TV44
Mechanical Locking of
the Safety Line Connector
Before working on the system, be sure that the The high voltage wire can only be disconnected
maintenance connector has been removed from the Hybrid Battery Unit if Pilot Line
(page 29). Connector 1 TV44 has already been removed. To
remove the line, the bayonet ring must be pulled
up. The safety line is now open and Battery
Management Control Module J840 has isolated
the high voltage battery via the high voltage
contacts.
489_038
The plug-in contacts of the high voltage wire can Conversely, the high voltage wire to JX1 can
only be removed if the locking bracket has been only be connected to the Hybrid Battery Unit if
swivelled back. Because the safety line is open, the locking bracket has been swivelled over the
voltage is no longer present at the high voltage two plug-in contacts. Only then can the safety
wire contacts and there is no danger of electric connector be inserted.
shock when disconnecting the high voltage wire. The high voltage system is not energized until
the safety connector has been inserted.
!
Note
Only qualified high voltage technicians are allowed to disconnect this safety connector to
de-energize the vehicle.
38
Terminals of Electric Drive Power
and Control Electronics JX1
P1, P2 — From the High Voltage Battery to JX1 P3 — From JX1 to the A/C Compressor
Hybrid Battery High Voltage Wiring Harness PX1 Through to the A/C compressor, the air
The high voltage battery and JX1 are electrically conditioning system is an integral part of the
connected by two orange colored high voltage Audi Q5 hybrid quattro high voltage system. This
wires. The lines are of shielded, single pole new system of activating the compressor means
design. that the vehicle interior can be air conditioned
even when the internal combustion engine is at
Connection P1, P2
a standstill.
Depending on battery charge level, the air
conditioning system remains active. If the
charge level of the high voltage battery drops,
the system starts the internal combustion
engine automatically to charge the high voltage
battery.
The A/C compressor is connected to JX1 by a
two-wire line. To ensure a proper connection,
these high voltage wires are colored orange and
feature yellow mechanical markings, making
489_036 them difficult to interchange.
This two-wire line is of a shielded, two pole
P4, P5, P6 — From JX1 to the e-machine
design. If either of the two connectors of this
Drive Motor High Voltage Wiring Harness PX2 line are disconnected, it is the equivalent of
In JX1, the 266 volt DC voltage from the high removing a safety connector, deactivating the
voltage battery is converted to three-phase AC entire high voltage system.
by a DC/AC voltage converter for operating the
e-machine. Connection P3
489_035
489_034
39
12 Volt Onboard Power Supply
• Alternator C has been eliminated. This The auxiliary starter is used only for starting
function is now performed by Electro-Drive the internal combustion engine under certain
Drive Motor V141 (e-machine) operating conditions. When this occurs,
• 12 volt onboard power supply does not have 68Ah Battery A is disconnected from the 12V
brake energy recuperation electrical system by Engine Control Module
• 12 volt onboard power supply is supplied by J623 via Starter Battery Switch-Over Relay J580.
the DC/DC converter of Electric Drive Power This makes the full capacitance of the battery
and Control Electronics JX1 available to the starter motor.
• In addition, a second 12Ah battery (Auxiliary The onboard power supply is then supplied via
Battery A1) is installed in the side section Auxiliary Battery A1 and the DC/DC converter.
at the rear left. Battery Monitoring Control The temperature of the Auxiliary Battery must
Module 2 J934 is connected to Data Bus On be at least 32°F (0°C) before the 12 volt auxiliary
Board Diagnostic Interface J533 via the LIN starter is enabled. It the high voltage system is
bus not ready for operation, 12 volt starting is not
• Auxiliary Battery A1 is activated by Battery Cut possible.
Out Relay J7 when “terminal 15” is switched
ON
• Voltage Stabilizer J532 has been eliminated.
Its function is now performed by the Auxiliary
Battery. No electrical current is drawn from
the Auxiliary Battery when “terminal 15” has
been switched OFF
Battery A
!
Note
Both 12 volt batteries must be disconnected before servicing the 12 volt onboard power supply.
40
Electronic Ignition Lock
The ignition lock uses the information “ignition The terminals have the following status:
key is inserted” to instruct the high voltage Ignition ON With Brake Not Depressed:
system to make the vehicle ready for operation.
For Battery Management Control Module J840, • “terminal 15 ON”
the information “ignition key is inserted” is a
condition which must be met so that the control Ignition ON With Brake Depressed:
module activates the high voltage contacts for
• “terminal 15 ON”
coupling the high voltage battery to the high
voltage system. • “terminal 50 ON”
If the ignition key is removed, the control • “Hybrid Ready”
module disconnects the high voltage battery
automatically from the high voltage system. The vehicle can now be driven electrically, with
the internal combustion engine starting at a low
• “terminal 15 OFF” high voltage battery charge.
• Hybrid manager (ECM) in sleep mode
• No operating current
be restarted.
If the belt tensioners and airbags have deployed
in the second crash phase, the high voltage
contacts cannot be reset by cycling the ignition
OFF and back ON. Battery Regulation Control
Module J840 can only be reset using the VAS
Scan Tool.
The deployed airbags serve the emergency
responders as an indicator that the high voltage
contacts have been opened in a crash and the
high voltage system has been disconnected
from the high voltage battery.
41
Network Topology
Memory Seat/
Vehicle Electrical Steering Column
System Control Adjustment Control
Light Switch E1 Module J519 Module J136
Power Sunroof
Control Module
Battery Fan
J245
1 V457
Climatronic Control
Roof Shade Hybrid Battery
Module J255
Control Module Recirculation Door
J394 Positioning Motor
1 V479
Auxiliary Air
Heater Control
Module J604
42
Color key:
Powertrain CAN bus
Convenience CAN bus
Instrument Extended CAN bus
Cluster Control
Module J285 DPI/running gear CAN bus
Diagnostic CAN bus
Parallel Parking
Assistance Steering Angle Hybrid CAN bus
Control Module Sensor G85
J791 MOST bus
Engine Control
Module J623
Digital Sound
Transmission System Control
A/C Compressor Radio R
Control Module Module J525
Control Module
J217 J842
Distance Battery
Electrical Drive Regulation Monitoring
Control Module Control Module Control Module
J841 J428 J367
Lane Change
Airbag Control
Assistance Control
Module J234
Module J769
Lane Change
Assistance
Control Module
2 J770 489_001
43
System Management
This schematic shows the components required The engine management system, transmission
by the e-machine. Additional input and output system, and hybrid control system must be
signals are interchanged between all vehicle coordinated. In the Audi Q5 hybrid quattro, the
systems: for example, for the operation of the ECM is the higher level (master) control module
heating and air conditioning systems, power for the internal combustion engine and electric
steering, and brake system. operation.
The data exchange between the vehicle
systems is extremely important, given the back
and forth changeovers from electric drive to
internal combustion operation when driving.
The changes in drive torque must be virtually
transparent to preserve optimum driving
comfort. AX1 with A38
SX1 with J840
V479
Color key:
V457
Powertrain CAN bus
DPI/running gear CAN bus
Hybrid CAN bus
V480
Convenience CAN bus
MOST bus
LIN bus
High voltage wire
J841
J533 J685
J255
J104
J540
Connection
on V141
PX1
489_043
The status of the driver’s door and brake A “driver presence” is recognized if the following
signal are monitored. A driver is recognized as conditions have been met:
“detected” if:
• “Hybrid Ready”
• Driver’s door is closed • Driver’s presence has been detected (driver’s
• Vehicle is ready for operation (hybrid ready) or door is closed and safety belt fastened)
the internal combustion engine is running OR
• Vehicle is currently traveling at less than 4.3 • Driver’s door is closed and a selector lever
mph (7 km/h) position has been selected
• “D”, “R”, “S”, or “tip” is selected
• Brake pedal is not depressed If the driver’s door is opened or if the safety belt
is unfastened with the gear selector in position
If the driver’s door is now opened, a driver exit “P”, a “driver absence” is detected:
is detected and the electromechanical parking • If this happens while the internal combustion
brake is automatically engaged. engine is running, the engine continues to
To reactivate the driver exit detection function, run without interruption
the vehicle must again exceed a speed of 4.3 • If this happens while the internal combustion
mph (7 km/h). engine is at a standstill, the hybrid manager
In gear selector positions “N” (vehicle in car (ECM) enters standby mode. No electric
wash) or “P” (mechanical lock in automatic current flows from the high voltage battery
transmission), the parking brake is not engaged and the internal combustion engine can no
automatically. longer start. Without a 12 volt charger, the
12 volt batteries now become discharged
Reference
For more detailed information about the design and function of the electromechanical parking brake,
refer to Self-Study Program 999703, The 2008 Audi A5 Running Gear.
46
Display and Operating Elements
for Driving in Hybrid Mode
For operation and display of the electric drive, Display in Power Meter
the Audi Q5 hybrid quattro has the following
features: The power meter displays various vehicle
operating states and the power output or
• Power meter instead of tachometer charging capacity of the hybrid system during
• Special display in the instrument cluster the trip.
• Animated display on MMI screen
• High voltage battery charge indicator instead
of coolant temperature display
• Extended Electric Driving Mode Button E709
3 5
10
11
489_079
9
8
47
Instrument Cluster
Please wait…
mi
72.5°F
mi
72.5°F
489_102
The detected charging current appears
on the display in the instrument cluster
48
Display — Instrument Cluster
mi
72.5°F
489_058
mi
72.5°F
489_059
mi
72.5°F
489_060
49
Display — Drive by e-machine and
Internal Combustion Engine (e-boost)
72.5°F
489_061
72.5°F
489_062
mi
72.5°F
489_064
50
MMI Screen
489_065
489_066
489_067
51
Display — Drive by e-machine and
Internal Combustion Engine (e-boost)
489_069
489_071
52
Display — Consumption Statistics
489_096
Operating Elements
Effect of Failure
Failure of EV mode has no effect on hybrid
operation, though extended electrically powered
driving is not possible.
489_008
53
Service
Special Tools
489_045
Adapter T40259
489_046
489_047
54
Other Service Tools
489_049
489_100
489_101
12 Volt Charger
!
Note
All work on the high voltage system must be performed by a qualified high voltage technician. Only
qualified high voltage technicians are allowed to disconnect the safety connector to de-energize the
vehicle.
!
Note
To ensure the proper and safe use of high voltage special tools, the guidelines in current technical
literature must be strictly followed.
55
Hybrid Measurement Module VAS 6558
!
Note
The measuring adapter must be checked 489_051
prior to every voltage-OFF measurement.
!
Note
All work on the high voltage system must be performed by a qualified high voltage technician. Only
qualified high voltage technicians are allowed to disconnect the safety connector to de-energize the
vehicle.
56
High voltage
Adapter for Insulation Resistance measuring socket (+) High voltage
measuring socket (–)
Measurement in High Voltage System
VAS 6558/1-2
489_052
High voltage connecting socket for
the high voltage line to be measured
(resistance measurement)
489_053
High voltage connecting socket for the
A/C compressor line to be measured
(resistance measurement)
!
Note
Adapters VAS 6558/1-2 and VAS 6558/1 3A may only be used if the absence of high voltage has been
established. To ensure the proper and safe use of high voltage special tools, the guidelines in current
technical literature must be strictly followed.
57
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Extreme care should be taken when working on hybrid vehicles. You must always follow relevant
regulations and guidelines. This information will help you recognize hazards, enabling you to respond
promptly and correctly in the event of an accident.
Q: Can the Audi Q5 hybrid quattro be washed in Q: What service work can be done by the
an automatic car wash? customer?
A: Yes, the Audi Q5 hybrid quattro can be washed A: All non-high voltage system service work
in an automatic car wash without any special can be done by the customer, as with any
restrictions. other Audi vehicle. However, work on the
Q: Can you perform an engine wash on the Audi high voltage system should only be done
Q5 hybrid quattro? by a trained high voltage technician at an
authorized service center in accordance with
A: You can perform an engine wash on the Audi
Audi guidelines.
Q5 hybrid quattro as long as you observe
accepted environmental rules. If using a high Q: What additional tasks should be performed as
pressure sprayer, do not aim it directly at high part of PDI?
voltage components. A: No additional preparations are needed for
Q: What should I do if the vehicle needs to be high voltage components during the PDI
towed? of the Audi Q5 hybrid quattro. In transport
mode, the electric motor is used solely as a
A: The vehicle should be transported by flat bed
generator, which means that electric driving,
towing. If this is not possible, it must be flat
boost, start-stop, and recuperation are not
towed (front or rear axles must not be raised)
possible. In this mode, the high voltage
and a towing speed of 31 mph (50 km/h) must
battery is continually charged as long as the
not be exceeded.
combustion engine is running.
Q: Can the Audi Q5 hybrid quattro be driven
Q: What needs to be kept in mind when the Audi
without a high voltage battery?
Q5 hybrid quattro is parked or stored?
A: Any malfunction in the high voltage battery
A: Please refer to the standard checklist for
will trigger defined error mechanisms in the
vehicles in stock and in storage. This list
system. In the event of a more serious defect,
describes what activities need to be carried
the high voltage system will usually shut
out and when.
down. If this happens, the vehicle can only be
driven until the 12V battery is discharged. Q: What should be done in the event of an
accident?
Q: What do I need to know about raising the
vehicle on a car lift, wheel alignment platform, A: First, either someone in the car or a rescue
or brake test platform? worker should switch OFF the ignition. This
process is the same as in any Audi vehicle.
A: There are no special instructions for the
The high voltage system in the Audi Q5 hybrid
Audi Q5 hybrid quattro that differ from the
quattro is automatically shut down when
standard Audi Q5. Important: if the ignition
the belt tensioners or airbags are activated.
is switched ON, the combustion engine may
There is no need for emergency responders
start.
to isolate it. Details are provided in a separate
Q: Does the customer require special training for manual for emergency services.
the Audi Q5 hybrid quattro?
Q: What type of voltage and current are there in
A: The customer does not need any special the high voltage system of the Audi Q5 hybrid
training. However, the information in the quattro?
owner’s manual specific to hybrid technology
A: When the high voltage system is active, direct
should be noted.
current (DC) voltage flows through the electric
A/C compressor, high voltage battery, and
power electronics. The electric motor operates
with alternating current (AC) voltage. An extra
capacitor is fitted in the power electronics
to serve as a power reserve. This capacitor is
discharged when the ignition is switched OFF.
58
Q: What levels of voltage and currents are Q: What should I do if a person is touching and/
dangerous? or is in direct contact with electrical voltage?
A: Alternating voltage of 25V or above and A: It is important to follow these instructions:
direct voltage of 60V or above are dangerous. 1. Consider your own safety first.
Maximum contact voltage must not exceed 2. Do not touch someone who is in direct
50V for alternating current (AC) voltage contact with electrical voltage.
or 120V for direct current (DC) voltage. A 3. If possible, de-energize the electrical
current of approximately 5mA or more can be system. Immediately switch OFF the
recognized by the human body, with a current vehicle’s ignition or unplug the service
of approximately 10mA or more representing connector for the high voltage system.
a serious safety hazard. 4. Separate the person or electrical
Q: What are the effects of alternating current conductor from the power source with a
(AC) and direct current (DC) if a person comes non-conductive object (for example, a
in direct bodily contact with these currents? wooden plank or broom handle).
A: Alternating current (AC): Q: What first aid should be given following an
Direct contact with this current will add a electrical accident?
harmful disruptive electrical current to the A: If the person is verbally unresponsive:
human body that can trigger involuntary 1. Check pulse and breathing.
vibrations in the muscles and heart. The 2. Call 911 or arrange for someone else to
lower the frequency, the more dangerous make the call without delay.
the voltage. Ventricular fibrillation (heartbeat 3. Perform artificial respiration and CPR until
alteration and/or heart stoppage) can result. EMS arrives.
Without prompt first aid, this can prove fatal. 4. If it appears that the person has stopped
Direct current (DC): breathing or their heart is in distress, use
Direct contact with this current can break an automated external defibrillator (AED)
down (liquify) body tissues through to quickly diagnose and treat them. AEDs
electrolytic dissolution, resulting in tissue are simple to use, with their proper use
poisoning. This damage will only be taught in first aid and CPR classes.
noticeable several days after the DC direct The AED will only supply a shock to the
contact, and if left untreated, can be fatal. patient if it detects an abnormal or no
Q: What are the effects and after effects of heartbeat, and can return the patient to
electrical accidents? a normal heartbeat. Even when the AED is
successful, the patient should still be
A: Shock effect: Risk of injury from uncontrolled
treated by a first responder team.
movements and loss of balance.
If the person is verbally responsive:
Thermal effect: Burns and carbonizations at
1. Cool any burns and cover with a sterile lint-
the entry and exit points of the current, as
free dressing.
well as internal burns. Resulting stress to the
2. The person must be examined by a doctor
kidneys may be fatal.
to help prevent after effects.
Chemical effect: Blood and cell fluids are
Q: What should I do in the event of an accident
broken down by electrolysis. The result is
involving batteries or battery contents?
serious poisoning that becomes noticeable
after several days. A: It is important to follow these instructions:
Effect on muscles: Muscle contractions and 1. If skin contact occurs, rinse well with water.
impairment of controlling brain functions. 2. In the case of gas inhalation, move the
Consequences may include loss of movement, person to fresh air.
contraction of the lung muscles (breathing 3. If eye contact occurs, rinse with plenty of
stops), and arrhythmia (ventricular fibrillation, water (for at least 10 minutes).
heart stops pumping). 4. If battery contents are swallowed, the
person should drink plenty of water, but not
so much that vomiting is induced.
5. Seek medical treatment.
59
Self-Study Programs for the Audi Q5 hybrid quattro
• Body
• Occupant Protection
• Running Gear
• Electrical System
• Infotainment
• Service
• Electromechanical Steering
60
Notes
62
990123