THE

LondonPhilatelist:
THE MONTHLY JOURNAL OF

THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON.

VOL. IV. MAY, 1895. No. 41.

TheNewCrusaders..
THEcall to arms has been bravely responded to all along the
line, and the new Crusade against the degradation of Philately
has already a noble army of adherents. It is difficult to say
whether the movement inspires more enthusiasm amongst
the trade or the collectors, both sections seeming to vie with
each other in their complete approval of the objects of the
Crusade.
The ominous note of warning as to the extreme danger to
Philately caused by needless issues, sounded by Mr. Castle
in his paper read before the London Philatelic Society on
February the 22nd last, has been re-echoed to the full in
the eminently practical and sensible letter read to the
meeting on the 6th May. The most prominent names in the commercial
world of Philately, such as Moens, Senf, Maury, Scott, Whitfield King,
Stanley Gibbons, Mekeel, and others, give striking and unanimous evidence
of the existence of the danger, and the necessity for action. To quote one
instance only, as even transcending Mr. Castle's warning, " The Rubbish
coming from all quarters will be the death of Philately" These pregnant
words are from Mons. J. B. Moens, of Brussels, the doyen of the trade. We
can but entreat all our readers, whether buyers or sellers, to remember
M. Moens' solemn prediction, and to endeavour by all legitimate and
reasonable methods to avoid such a dire catastrophe.
On our part, we are so assured of the reality of the danger that we
consider no sacrifice too great in order to attain the desired end. We are
in possession of information that shows the urgency of the case—we allude
to the fact that men who have thousands of pounds "invested" in stamps
are hesitating, afraid of the future, as to whether they should not sell out—
while, equally vital, others are and will be afraid to come in. We may
perhaps be accused of unnecessary reiteration in further emphasising the
tenor of remarks previously made in this journal, but we do it on behalf
of the weak kneed brethren—and, like the poor, they are always with us—
 122 THE NEW CRUSADERS,

who do not look beyond the income of the day, and ignore the foundation
for that of the future.
In a movement affecting so many interests, and in so varied a manner,
it is obvious that the actions of the " Committee of Public Safety " must be
practical, business-like, and almost judicial in their character. Unanimity
is of the greatest value to the New Crusade, and it therefore behoves
everyone to avoid pushing any point too far, that has not a practical
consensus of opinion behind it. The .new Association must walk before
it runs. It will be far easier to take prospective than retrospective action
—the latter step can only be taken on the firmest ground, to avoid a
stumble. We suggest that—after communication with other bodies that
will assuredly be formed throughout the world — a list of the stamps
eternally condemned, as well as of those which are in Philatelic Purgatory,
should be published. In cases where the Committee would be unwilling to
go to the length of the former condemnation, the appearance of the country's
name in the suspended animation of the Purgatorium might have the most
beneficial effect in saving the sinner! Liberias would emerge saint-like, and
Seebecks as pure as the driven snow !
There is always a horrible example to be made, and one of the worst
offenders generally suffers the punishment that should perhaps be equally
shared by others—such is the fate of warfare. There is in this case a
delinquent caught red-handed—no obscure semi-colonial, semi-savage island
rock — but a " civilised" European kingdom. We allude, perforce, to
Portugal. This country has already surfeited the market with needless
and numberless Colonial and other issues; it has emitted a ridiculous
series of " stamps" (supplied used or unused) to celebrate a mediaeval
navigator, and has perpetrated a philatelic fraud that is utterly unworthy
of a country that is supposed to be civilised and to pay its debts! Not
content with this, Portugal has announced a further series of coloured
rubbish, the quantity to be issued amounting (we believe) to a face value
of nearly .£100,000, which it is sought to extract—beyond the amounts
received for genuine postal services—from the pockets of collectors, if they
are fools enough to pay it! The whole phalanx of dealers and collectors
throughout the world should join hands and decline to buy, sell, or acquire
any of this fishy St. Anthony Jubilee series. If this is done, the Portuguese
Government will be a heavy loser by the transaction, and a blow will be
struck at speculative issues that will be of far-reaching effect.
In the case of our own Colonial stamps there are also Augean stables
to be cleansed. The recent appearance of surcharged Natals—which must
have been issued with the knowledge that they would be turned to
speculative purposes—is a case eminently in point. The new Society for
the Suppression of Speculative Stamps cannot do better than lay before the
Government the whole facts of the case, and invite an opinion as to how far
Colonial Postmasters are to be allowed to proceed in making new coinage
—which it practically is—in the case of current postage stamps. The field
of labour for the new Society is indeed a wide one, and we wish it all
success. It is brilliantly started, it has a most able and excellent Secretary
in Mr. Gordon Smith, and under these circumstances we venture to prophesy
for it a successful career, that will earn the undying thanks both of the
Philatelists of to-day and of the future.
 [ 123 ]

Remarks on the Early Postal Rates of New Zealand.

WITH NOTES ON THE FIRST ISSUED STAMPS.
BY CHARLES H. MOTTRAM.
COMMUNICATED TO THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON, JANUARY HTH, 1895.

SEVERALable and exhaustive contributions to the history

of the interesting stamps of New Zealand having been made
during the past five or six years, new information is difficult
to obtain, and discovery is almost beside the question. It
may not be out of place in my prefatory remarks to mention
by way of summary the recent productions of writers
descriptive of the postal issues of New Zealand.
The subject generally was dealt with by the late Mr. John Davies, of the
New Zealand Government Stamp Department; and his paper,* which was
read before the Philatelic Society of the Colony on January gth, 1889,
contained many interesting particulars hitherto unknown, conspicuous among
which was the announcement, that after the first supply of stamps received
from London with the plates, and issued on July I3th, 1855, was exhausted,
Mr. J. Richardson, of Auckland, printed for the Colonial Government small
numbers, as required, sometimes on blue, and at others on white wove paper,
handed to him from the Colonial Secretary's Office. This information has
been the cause of some discussion. Mr. Davies, however, did not describe
the paper used for the first issued stamps, printed in London in 1854 by
Messrs. Perkins, Bacon & Co., Limited.
In 1892 that indefatigable investigator, Mr. E. D. Bacon, made known
the result of his enquiries at Messrs. Perkins, Bacon & Co.'s,t and surprised
the Philatelic world by reversing the order of the blue and white wove and
"star" paper issues, in placing the last named first.
This was followed in the same year by the useful suggestions of Major
E. B. Evans and Mr. Bacon in Stanley Gibbons' Monthly Journal,^ regarding
the best means of separating the undated " star" paper impressions of the
London printing of 1854 from the Colonial printing of February, 1862, and
following years. The question was also raised by them as to the probability
of the New Zealand Government having printed, before the first issue in
1855, a quantity of stamps on the supply of six reams of "star" paper, sent
out from London to the Colony with the plates and first specimens in 1854,
The eventful year 1892 was not allowed to close without a valuable paper
in December by Mr. M. P. Castle, Vice-President of the Philatelic Society,
* The Philatelic Record, September, 1889.
t The London Philatelist, October, 1892.
\ Stanley Gibbons Monthly Journal, October and November, 1892.
124 THE EARLY POSTAL RATES OF NEW ZEALAND.

London,* upon the unwatermarked stamps of New Zealand. Immediately

after the reading of this paper, on the gth of December, a Sub-Committee
was appointed, consisting of Messrs. T. Maycock, Wm. Harrison, and Alfred
A. Davis, to investigate and fix the dates of the early imperforate issues, and
chronicle all dated specimens brought under their notice. A labour of such
magnitude necessarily involved communicating far and wide, and required
considerable time for such a purpose.
Mr. Bacon in the interim published a paper, in 1893,! on the now recog-
nised first issue of New Zealand stamps, dealing once more with the colours
of that and the later "star" paper issues, and, in conclusion, invited future
writers to solve the difficulty of dividing the presumed early local printed
specimens of 1855 on "star" paper, from those of 1854 executed by Messrs.
Perkins, Bacon & Co.
The Report of the Sub-Committee having been made to the London
Society in December, 1893, and recently published, \ a. perusal of the very
useful list of dated specimens appended to it shows how fully justified the
undertaking was, and that the time was well spent upon it. I believe the
Report will be found to have fully attained the objects aimed at, including
the question as to whether the blue and white wove papers were used
simultaneously, when a further number of dated specimens are incorporated
therewith.
Contributions of high merit on these matters have not been wanting in
the Philatelic Press of Australasia, and the New Zealand Philatelists,
Messrs. A. T. Bate, H. J. Knowles, and others, have been prominent in the
field of research. Mr. Knowles has also contributed a paper of considerable
importance to the London Philatelic Press. § Moreover, I am told that
investigation is still in progress in the Colony, aided by some of the
Government Departments,
Mr. Ernest G. Pilcher, Vice-President of the Philatelic Society of New
Zealand, drew attention in the latter part of the year 1892 || to an account
which had recently appeared in the New Zealand Press U of the official
career of Mr. E. D. Butts, on his retirement from the position of Chief
Postmaster at Dunedin, Otago. It was stated that in the early part of Mr.
Butts' service, when a subordinate in the Chief Post-office at Invercargill,
in the new Province of Southland (so created out of the Province of Otago
in 1861), he remembered in that year the Chief Postmaster there, Captain
Elles, giving directions for the one shilling stamps to be " cut across " during
a lack of the sixpenny labels. The late Captain Elles was an old official,
and probably he recollected the former practice of the Government in
1857-9, ufon the establishment of the sixpenny rate per half ounce, via
Southampton, to the United Kingdom. The one shilling stamp was then
divided vertically, and its face value thereby changed to sixpence, pending the
arrival of the plate of that value from London in 1859.
* The London Philatelist, July, 1893.
t The London Philatelist, August, 1893.
J The London Philatelist, October, 1894.
§ 'Ihe Stamp News, February and March, 1893.
U Vindin's Philatelic Monthly, Sydney, December, 1892.
H The. Public Service Journal, New Zealand, October, 1892.
 THE EARLY POSTAL RATES OF NEW ZEALAND. 125

I selected and sent a few specimens of the earlier " provisional sixpence "
to Mr. F. A. Philbrick, Q.c., in June last, and he published in the following
month some notes on the subject in Tlie Philatelic Record* In perusing
the latter part of that paper, readers would do well to have before them at
the same time Vindin's Philatelic Monthly, vol. vi., No. 5, page 64, and
The London Philatelist, vol. ii., No. 14, page 50. Also to note that the
Reference List given in the Record of the dated bisected one shilling stamps
should read as follows :
Bleutd paper. Otago, New Zealand, igth February, 1858 (two letters, franked
by the halves of one and the same entire stamp).
Blue wove paper. Otago, New Zealand, i6th August, 1858 (two letters).
„ „ „ 3ist August, 1858.
,, „ „ igth October, 1858.

It recently occurred to me that perhaps further light might be thrown

on matters still in doubt, concerning the first issues of postage stamps in
New Zealand, by means of a search among records, both public and private,
that are still extant in the United Kingdom.
I am myself a former collector, having commenced at college in the
year 1860, and have had special opportunities, through friends in New
Zealand, of inspecting a somewhat voluminous correspondence, extending
over many years, the covers and stamps of which dated from the year 1855.
I also resided for some time in the Colony.
Possessing too a predilection for the pursuit of what in the present day
is called " original research," I set myself the task of gathering the following
particulars relating to the Postal Service of New Zealand, which I now
submit for the consideration, and I hope acceptance, of the Philatelic
Society, London.

Before treating on the subject of the early postal rates levied in New
Zealand, which to some extent appear to have influenced the authorities
for the time being in their selection of the values for the first issue of
postage stamps, a passing notice of the mode of government in the
Colony previous to the year 1855 appears to me to be, in this particular
instance, necessary.
But it would manifestly be impossible, and even unsuitable, in a short
review of some of the interesting stamps of a Colony whose past history
abounds with notable incidents, to give in detail an account of the latter,
even if it were limited to a description of the postal service. A sketch,
however, or outline, of events affecting the Government and the Postal
Department before the issue of stamps will, I think, render the study of
them later on less obscure. Theories too have been advanced relative to
the early issues, which still await confirmation in consequence of the loss
of the postal records of the General Government, which were on board the
White Swan, bound for Wellington from Auckland, and wrecked in
* The Philatelic Record, July, 1894.
126 THE EARLY POSTAL RATES OF NEW ZEALAND.

January, 1865; and official information has therefore been considerably

diminished. For instance, during the first two or three years of the issue
of stamps a use, numerically speaking, has been ascribed to the three
values first made current in 1855, which could "only have been attained
by an older and more populous community, the Colony at that date
having only reached its sixteenth year of fixed government.
It will be remembered also that in 1862, when the first English Catalogue
of British, Colonial, and Foreign Postage Stamps, by Mr. Mount Brown, was
published, New Zealand was soon disposed of by simply arranging the two
sets he there describes, first the blue, and then the white wove paper issues,
in all seven varieties. But now with new issues, and more particularly the
discovery of older ones, the original source of the printing of them, varieties
of paper and watermarks, and especially of distinct -forms of perforation, we
have a much more formidable array with which to cope, and trace in each
particular instance to its source of origin. It is now strongly suspected,
for example, that many varieties were local, that is, provincial, rather than
proceeding from Auckland, the seat of the General Government, and yet
withal were official, and therefore are admissible by Philatelists.
Perhaps some writer in the near future will take in hand, on behalf of
New Zealand, a monograph such as we have received from the able pens
of Dr. Andrew Houison and Mr. A. F. Basset - Hull, in their respective
spheres of New South Wales * and Tasmania. \

" New Zealand and its Dependencies " consists of three islands and several
smaller groups. The North, Middle (now called South), and Stewart Islands
are little less in extent than Great Britain and Ireland, the total area being
104,471 square miles. They lie 1,200 miles to the south-east of Australia,
and are about ten days' sail from Sydney.
The right of Great Britain to the islands of New Zealand was recognized
by the treaty of Paris in 1814.
No formal occupation of the territory by the British Government took
place, but in 1833 a resident official was sent from Sydney to the Bay of
Islands with certain limited powers, and was subordinate to the Government
of New South Wales. Kororareka, in the Bay, became the capital, and a
post-office was established there, connected with the General Post-office at
Sydney.
A scheme of colonization having been promulgated in London in 1839
by the " New Zealand Land Company," afterwards chartered as " The New
Zealand Company," they deputed Colonel William Wakefield to visit the
Colony. He selected Port Nicholson (Wellington) for a settlement, and the
first colonists arrived there on the 22nd of January, 1840.
Pressure having been brought to bear on the Colonial Office in London
by the New Zealand Company, preparations were made to establish a fully-
organised government in the new Colony.
* History of the Post-office, and of the issue of Postage Stamps, in New South Wales. By ANDREW
HOUISON, B.A., M.B., Ch. M., Sydney, 1890.
t The Stamps of Tasmania. By A. F. BASSET-HULL. Philatelic Society, London, 1890.
 THE EARLY POSTAL RATES OF NEW ZEALAND. 127

Captain William Hobson, R.N., was accredited as British Consul, and he

reached the Bay of Islands in H.M.S. Herald, from Sydney, on the 2Qth of
January, 1840, a week after the Port Nicholson settlers. Captain Hobson
was accompanied by Lieut. Willoughby Shortland, first Colonial Secretary,
and other officials.
The native chiefs, at the invitation of Captain Hobson, met him at the
British Residency on the 5th of February, and after debate a cession of the
Islands to H.M. the Queen, under certain conditions, was agreed upon, and
ratified the next day by the treaty of Waitangi.
Captain Hobson, having in his possession a dormant commission,
immediately assumed the office of Lieutenant-Governor.
The sovereignty of the Queen was proclaimed, after additional signa-
tures had been obtained from the natives to the treaty of Waitangi, on
the 2 ist of May, at Kororareka, the capital, subsequently named Russell.
The site of Auckland, on the shores of Waitemata Harbour, about
150 miles by sea south of the Bay of Islands, was purchased in September,
1840, and His Excellency the Governor removed the seat of government
from Kororareka thence in January, 1841, to the great disappointment of
Wellington.
The formation of the third settlement in the North Island was begun in
March, 1841, namely, at New Plymouth, Taranaki, situated midway between
Auckland and Wellington, on the west coast. These three areas of coloni-
zation occupied the whole of that island, and no further change occurred
there till the year 1858.
By Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom, dated
November i6th, 1840 (and proclaimed, on the news reaching the Colony,
May 3rd, 1841), the Islands of New Zealand were erected into a separate
territory, and ceased to be a dependency of New South Wales. Captain
Hobson became Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and was advised in
the administration of affairs by an Executive, or Legislative Council, con-
sisting of the Attorney-General, Colonial Secretary, and Colonial Treasurer,
who were permanent officials appointed by the British Government, and held
their offices during Her Majesty's pleasure. The fact that before the final
arrangements were completed in 1856, after the introduction of Representa-
tive Government into New Zealand, these personages were only responsible
to and removable by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, will, with
regard to the Colonial Secretary of New Zealand and his control of the
Postal Department, have to be taken into consideration when dealing with
matters, as yet unexplained, regarding the early issues of the New Zealand
stamps. The Colonial Secretary carried into effect the Governor's commands
in postal affairs, but at the same time was the actual Executive of the
department, there being at the period in question no Postmaster-General
over the Colony. A few of the colonists, nominated by the Governor,
completed the number of the Council.
New Zealand was thus ruled as a Crown Colony, till the granting of
the Constitution by the Imperial Parliament.
The Postal affairs of New Zealand being no longer controlled by the
Postmaster-General of New South Wales, Governor Hobson, on the 3rd of
'128 THE EARLY POSTAL RATES OF NEW ZEALAND.

May (the day of the proclamation of Independence), appointed Mr. Thomas

Paton to be Postmaster at Auckland, the new capital. There were now six
Post-offices in the Colony, all in the North Island; namely, Auckland,
Kororareka, Hokianga, Waimate, Kaipara, and Wellington.
Mr. William Connell received from the Governor the appointment of
Postmaster-General on the 3rd of September.
Overland mails had been established to a limited extent, but the rates by
such conveyance were high, at the close of 1841 one shilling per half
ounce being charged on letters by the fortnightly mail between Wellington
and Wanganui, a distance of fifty miles.
An important political division—Nelson, in the north of the South Island,
•—was established in October, 1841, and colonized at that date.
His Excellency the Governor, " by and with the advice and consent of the
Legislative Council" in the second session, enacted the first "Ordinance for
regulating the conveyance and postage of letters" on January /th, 1842, to come
into operation on the ist of March. A uniform rate was fixed of 6d. per
half ounce for letters transmitted from any post-office within the Colony,
or to any place beyond the seas. Newspapers were conveyed free, also
letters of half an ounce sent or received by soldiers, seamen, and
marines.
While the Colonial Government was thus arranging its Postal Service,
the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury had in the meantime
prepared and executed a Warrant, dated August 3ist, 1841—received in the
Colony in May of the following year—by which it was enacted that the
Post-office in New Zealand should be subject to the control of the Postmaster-
General of Great Britain, and that the internal rates of postage were to be
charged under the Imperial Laws.
The "Postage Ordinance" was, however, transmitted for Her Majesty's
approval, and the Department conducted as hitherto, pending the significa-
tion of the Queen's pleasure.
By the death of His Excellency Governor Hobson, at Auckland, on the
loth of September, 1842, the Colonial Secretary, Mr. Willoughby Shortland,
became Acting Governor.
In 1843 the Secretary of State for the Colonies, in his despatch to
Mr. Shortland, the Acting Governor, stated that the "Post-office Ordinance"
had been disallowed by Her Majesty. The reason given was, that "the
Postmaster-General having undertaken the conduct of that service, no place
is left for the operation of the Local enactment." This was notified to the
public in the Colony, September 6th, 1843. The office of Colonial Postmaster-
General ceased, and a " Deputy " was appointed in place thereof, while the
Treasury Warrant was in force. The former post was not re-established till
some time after the introduction of postage stamps.
The Treasury Warrant came into operation in the Colony on the last-
mentioned date, and by it there was levied a progressive Inland rate of
postage, according to the scale of fourpence per half ounce for letters, and a
charge of one penny for newspapers.
Captain Robert Fitzroy, R.N. (afterwards Admiral), officiated as Governor
from December 26th, 1843, to November, 1845. In his term of office a regular
 THE EARLY POSTAL RATES OF NEW ZEALAND. 129

postal communication was established overland between Auckland, New

Plymouth, and Wellington, twice in each month, commencing in August,
1844. Mails could only be transmitted by sea as opportunities occurred.
Captain, afterwards Sir George, Grey, K.c.B., assumed office as Governor
of New Zealand, in succession to Governor Fitzroy, November i8th, 1845.
To Governor Grey the Colony was indebted for the pacification of the
natives, who had given Governor Fitzroy so much trouble; also for the
many endowments he secured to the European population. But one of His
Excellency's greatest works was undoubtedly the preparation of the Consti-
tution Act for New Zealand, which he submitted for the approval of the
Imperial Parliament.
The Postal Service of New Zealand also owes much to Sir George Grey's
foresight, he having introduced many beneficial regulations, and prepared
the way for the issue of postage stamps.
In March, 1848, the Scotch settlement of Otago was founded in the southern
portion of the South Island, and was therefore the most distant community
from Auckland, the seat of government. Two-thirds only of the South
Island had at that date been appropriated for colonization.
In September, 1848, Her Majesty's Government having placed the
Colonial Post-office Department under the control of the Local Government,
Sir George Grey convened the ninth session of the Legislative Council,
which passed a second "Postage Ordinance" on the i8th of November,
abolishing all rates and shipmasters' gratuities previously paid on news-
papers. And further, by Proclamation of December i8th His Excellency
reduced the inland postage on sea letters, transmitted from the port of arrival
to any other port in the Colony, from fourpence to one penny per half-ounce
weight.
The central portion of the South Island, lying between Nelson in the
north and Otago in the south, was colonized in December, 1850, receiving
from its promoters the name of Canterbury.
The Islands of New Zealand were, therefore, at that period subdivided
into six distinct settlements, and occupied throughout their entire extent,
though thinly peopled.
(To be continued.)
 130

ThePhilbrickCollection.
BY GORDON SMITH.

TOthe Philatelic student and historian a collection of the

essays and proofs of Great Britain (which were prepared
before the year 1840, and during the early years of postage
stamps) must always possess an interest far surpassing those
of any other country, from the fact that they illustrate the
genesis and evolution of all postage stamps. And certainly
on that account Mr. F. A. Philbrick held in high estimation the very in-
teresting collection of items (if one may call them so for want of a better
word) which he got together. Before, however, these are scattered to the
four quarters of the globe, or lost sight of in other ways, it may not be
without value to notice for future reference such pieces as are not mentioned,
or cannot be specially identified with any to be found, in The Postage and
Telegraph Stamps of Great Britain, between pages 256 to 314. With the
exception of one or two all mentioned below formed part of the collection.
1. An imitation of the design described in P. and W.,* § 5, p. 362, in a
chocolate-brown colour. When looked into closely it is seen that the imita-
tion of the engine-turning work is very poor.
2. Two specimens of No. 8, p. 263, neither of which is in black and
red, as there stated, but in deep blue and red, and green and red, respectively.
3. A specimen of No. 6, p. 263, in blue and red, but before the words
"Post Paid" and "Beaufort House," and the central tablet with "id.," had
been inscribed.
4. Specimens of No. n, p. 264, in brown and in rose, on rose-coloured
paper.
5. Specimens of No. 12, pp. 264, 265, on white card, rose, blue, green,
and orange, all deep in colour; and also a colourless impression of the same.
6. No. 13, p. 265, in brown, on thick card, in addition to those mentioned
in the text.
7. The Royal Arms, with supporters in an upright oval (23 x 19 mm.),
on a background of solid colour, surrounded by a white line and an engine-
turned band, 7 mm. wide, in two colours, of horseshoe shape, with curved
ends, between which is a colourless tablet with the letters " N.M.R." in two
colours, in script characters, the whole enclosed by a white line, and outside
all by a coloured line. Specimens in black and brown, and in blue and red.
* The Postage and Telegraph Stamps of Great Britain, by Frederick A. Philbrick and
William A. S. Westoby. London, 1881.
 THE PHILBRICK COLLECTION. 131

8. The next seems to be related to Nos. 7, 8, and 9, on pages 280, 281,

and is printed in black and in two colours, apparently on the " Congreve"
principle, but when closely looked into they are seen to have been done by
successive printings. First we have id., in white, on a black circle, nearly
6 mm. in diameter, surrounded by a red radiating pattern on white; this is
enclosed in a black band (2\ mm. wide), on which is inscribed, in white,
"POST OFFICE STAMP" in the upper semi-circle, and "to carry not
exceeding \ oz.", in small block type, in the lower. The above is situated
in the middle of an oblong (about 34 x 26 mm.), of alternate blue and red
sectors radiating from the centre, and covered by a white net, a band of
which, 3 mm. wide, surrounds the centre piece, the remainder of the net in
the oblong forming a horizontal pattern. The outer frame is in black
(about 6 mm. wide), the corners having white stars, and the sides a pattern
similar to the border of No. 12, p. 264. The whole is surrounded by a
black line.
9. The proposal by Allardice, of Dundee, 14^ October, 1839. A double
letter sheet to be fastened when folded by a narrow strip of paper wavered
to each part, and across the strip, and each side on the sheet, a hand stamp,
"Police Office Dundee" in a circle with a vase, in the centre. The vase falls
on a piece of a two (pence ?) bill stamp which has been pasted on the strip.
The letter sheet is docketed "Enc. 122."
10. G. Dickenson, 1839. These are pen and ink designs at the lower
part of an upright rectangle, in the upper part of which is a circular hole,
possibly for the wax of the seal.
11. F. Coffin, 2tyh July, 1839. An oval engine-turned design occupies
the upper part, and a circular hole the lower part of the rectangle.
12. Pewtress. Similar. A rectangle of blue paper embossed all over
with a hexagonal pattern; on the lower part is drawn in fine pen and ink a
crown in a circle, around which is the inscription, "The Royal Post-office
Stamp. Three Half-pence." There is a diamond-shaped opening in the
upper part.
13. Proposal by J. C. Dalwig, of Manchester, loth June, 1840. On the
left half of a large sheet of paper there is (a) a red seal with " POSTAGE—
ONE PENNY " in an oval with a crown in the centre, impressed on green
paper; (b) two oval embossed wafers, with a yellow metallic surface; the one
on the left has only a fancy ornament, but that on the right has " D. & Co."
in an interior oval; (c) plain oval wafers in green and rose papers. Both
these and (b) have serrated eyes. " The oval somewhat larger" is written
below.
14. This is very curious; the whole design being watermarked in the
paper. It consists of a double letter sheet so arranged that when folded
the design on the front (a) is headed "PREPAID LETTERS"; in the left top
corner an upright oval with "POSTAGE" above, 2D. below, and the Queen's head
in the centre to the right; in the right top corner a square with rounded
corners in which is "i oz.—2D.", in two lines in double-lined characters; below
"LETTER OF THE GENERAL POST-OFFICE"; (b) at the back, on the top flap,
132 ' THE PHILBRICK COLLECTION.
the Royal Arms between the words " BRITISH POSTAGE " in a curve, and on
the lower flap a table of "RATES OF POSTAGE IF PAID IN ADVANCE." The
rest of the sheet is covered with well-defined watermarked laid lines, with
unwatermarked lines 23 mm. apart crossing the former perpendicularly.
The paper is blue.
15. Ricketts1 Proposal. A stamp 2 0 x 2 3 mm. in size, with the head of
Christopher Columbus (?) in the centre to the left; "PROPOSED—STAMP" above
and below respectively, frame at sides ; the impression is in dull rose, and on
the back of the stamp over the gum is printed in black " id.," in a circle in
an oblong-shaped figure. A second specimen has 3d. within the same design.
Five other specimens of the same design, except that the inscription is
changed to "RICKETTS—ONE PENNY," are printed on a stout grey vertically
laid paper in deep rose (3), orange-brown (i), and chocolate (i). Within the
frame at the four corners of each of these stamps are dark circular spots
(about 2 mm. in diameter), which form a trial obliteration. Another design
which belongs to this set consists of the Queen's head to the left, with
'RICKETTS—ONE PENNY" above and below; this specimen is obliterated
with a design of two parallel lines crossing at right angles a similar pair,
and having circular dots in the outer angles.
16. Perkins, Bacon & Co. Four different designs (one in blue, the others
in brown), with the Queen's Head to the left, " POSTAGE " above, and " ONE
PENNY" below. These, as far as I am aware, have not hitherto been described,
I have seen these arranged among a horizontal strip of six, all with different
designs, and in both colours.- I believe they were produced by a process
which combined in some measure both line-engraving and typography, and
were submittted by this firm some time between 1870 and 1880. One of
these designs was utilized for the first Post Card of Grenada.
^17. A diademed Head of the Queen to the right, on a ground of solid
colour, enclosed in a rectangular frame, the sides of which are filled to
two double-lined wavy lines—the corners are filled with Maltese Crosses.
The design is well drawn, but coarse in appearance, it is apparently
lithographed, and in colour is a deep Venetian-red. There is a vertical
pair and a single ; the latter has part of a trial obliteration.
18. Two designs made by hand, and dated Dec. 27th, 1889. Both are
inscribed " Postage and Revenue One Penny." The Head, which is to the
left, is similar to that of the currency of 1887. In one the Head is in green
(in an oval), and the outer part in red ; in the other the Head is in lilac (in
an octagon), with figure id. at the sides, which, with the rest of the frame,
are in red.
Passing on to trials and partly-completed designs of the stamps actually
issued, there are very few items to be noted which have not already been put
on record. But amongst the embossed stamps there are three, namely:
(a) An impression of the 2d. envelope stamp in yellow.
(ft) A similar impression in pink, with three circular plug-holes in the
upper curve of the oval, and three separate pieces of plain paper fitting into
the holes.
 THE PHILBRICK COLLECTION. 133

(c) An impression of the 46. envelope die, without the outer border, in
sage-green.
Among the Essays and Proofs for embossed envelope stamps the following
have to be added :
(1) P. and W., p. 308 (c). The outer margin of colouring is removed,
leaving only the oval design ; but the original extension is shown on the
paper in a circular indent, marking the former limit of the colour. Impression
in pale blue, on white and on fawn papers.
(2) p. 309 (e). An impression in black (as well as deep blue) on thick,
soft card.
A large and varied assortment of official experimental trials of obliterating
inks, illustrating attempts, more or less successful, for their removal here
follows. The stamps principally employed for this purpose are the id.,
black, and the 2d., blue (without white lines), with a few specimens from
the " Rainbow Series."
Amongst the sundries the following are of interest:
1. A sheet of pale-bluish paper, illustrative of a "peculiar ink and
method of obliterating postage stamps, by a Thomas Walker, 88, Guildford
Street, London, i/th September, 1860." The obliterations consist or rows
of small pin-like punctures, the holes being inked as well; the form of the
obliteration is circular, and contains about 80 of these dots. The sheet is
completely covered with these circles.
2. The proposal of Mr. E. Caton Rothwell, Soho Foundry, Preston,
October, 1846, is for a cancellation or postmark formed of minute pin-
prickings. "TODMORDEN" forms the upper semi-circle, with a double-lined
semi-circle below. Oc. 12—1848, in two lines, occupies the interior.
3. Mr. Henry Tuck's suggestion takes the form of an envelope with the
flap in front, on the right, the postage stamp sealing the enclosure. The
principle is identical with that now employed in the current registration
envelopes. Inside of the front is printed "No. 318, May 28th, 1840—
Registered by HENRY TUCK, 138, Aldersgate Street, London," in 3 lines.
Two sizes of envelopes.
4. Brown's proposal consists of a metal rivet, fastening together the
side and lower flaps of an envelope, with a cap in the upper flap to fit over
the rivet. A red paper seal, with the words " BROWN'S PATENT," surrounds
the cap, probably indicating that sealing-wax is necessary to complete the
fastening.
5. An embossing obliteration (if such it can be called), but without a
name, is impressed on envelopes and letter sheets, in one case taking eight
thicknesses of paper, and consists of a double ring, with " BIRMINGHAM "
above, the month below, the date of the month and year occupying the
centre; the whole design is in relief. In the six specimens here found the
dates are 5th January, 1849; 5th November, 1849; and 6th November, 1850.
6. A sheet of Dickenson paper (the size of a Mulready letter sheet),
with three threads—a blue between two reds—as used in the Post-office,
loth November, 1840.
134 THE NEW CRUSADE.

7. A sheet of rough handmade pale-bluish paper, in the centre of

which are inserted six of the " Small Crown " watermarks.
8. A sheet of imitation " Dickenson " paper, said to have been made by
a woman, and constructed by gumming two sheets of paper together, with
silk threads laid between.
I do not think I have omitted any items of importance, but I have
avoided all reference to those pieces which are fully described already. It
must not, however, be imagined that the collection is lacking in these ; in
fact, I believe that for completeness it may challenge competition with any
in the world. The exceptional opportunities which the learned collector
had for gathering together unique examples he availed himself of to the
utmost extent.
In conclusion I have to express my thanks to the firm who have acquired
the collection, for the facilities they have given me to make the above notes.

TheNewCrusade.
Foundation of the Society for the Suppressionof Speculative Stamps.

WITH the greatest gratification we place before our

readers the following Reports, to which we invite the
most careful attention, as shewing the initiatory stages
of a movement that is likely to be of incalculable
moment in the annals of Philately. We have alluded
at some length, elsewhere in this issue, to the general
aspect of the question^bnd have but to express the hope that all our readers
will aid in the New Crusade that is being initiated for the welfare—nay,
even the existence—of Philately.
In addition to the two important meetings duly set forth in the following
Official Reports, a further joint meeting of the two bodies took place on the
17th of this month, of a consultative nature.
"EFFINGHAM HOUSE, ARUNDEL STREET, STRAND, W.C.
" loth May, 1895.
" DEAR SIR,—The Philatelic Society, London, having recently appointed
a Committee to consider the best means for putting a stop to the great
increase in the production of unnecessary and speculative stamps, a special
meeting, to which representatives of the leading stamp importers and
members of the Philatelic Press were invited, was held at the Society's
rooms on Monday evening, the 6th May, 1895, for the consideration a n d .
discussion of the whole subject.
" I have been directed to forward to you the following report of the"
proceedings at such meeting. Yours truly,
" HERBERT R. OLDFIELD,
"Hon. Sec. to the Committa"
 THE NEW CRUSADE. '35

There were present at the meeting the members of the Committee:

Messrs. M. P. Castle (in the chair), R. Ehrenbach, J. A. Tilleard, E. J.
Nankivell, and H. R. Oldfield, and in addition Messrs. Percy C. Bishop,
Theodor Buhl, F. R. Ginn, M. Giwelb, H. Hilckes, W. H. Peckitt, C. J.
Phillips, H. Stafford Smith, and D. W. Wood.
Numerous letters regretting the inability of the writers to be present at
the meeting, and expressing sympathy with the movement, and promises of
practical support, were read, including communications from Messrs. Butler
Bros., of Oxford ; Messrs. Clarke & Co., of Bushey ; Messrs. Whitfield King
& Co., of Ipswich ; Messrs. Alfred Smith & Co., of Bath ; and Mr. W. T.
Wilson, of Birmingham.
The Chairman, having explained the object of the meeting, moved the
following resolution :
"That this meeting is of opinion that the great increase in the production of
speculative stamps, for sale to collectors, threatens to have a very serious effect on the
collection of genuine postal issues throughout the vr(
In the course of his remarks Mr. Castl» called attention to the strong
feeling on this subject which had been expressed, both in this country and
abroad, and pointed out that the steps proposed to be taken were for the
common good, the interests both of collectors and of dealers being identical
so far as these issues were concerned.
Mr. C. J. Phillips, in seconding the resolution, referred to correspondence
which had passed between Messrs. Stanley Gibbons, Ltd., and various leading
houses representing the chief European firms of dealers and importers. The
following are short extracts from the replies received by Mr. Phillips, which
were of considerable length, and showed a remarkable unanimity of opinion
amongst the writers as to the desirability of some steps being taken to put
an end to speculative and unnecessary issues of stamps.
Messrs. Whitfield King, of Ipswich, write : " We had already on our own
initiative decided some time ago not to buy or sell any more speculative
issues."
Mons. J. B. Moens, of Brussels, writes: "As regards the rubbish that
comes in from all quarters, and that will be death of Philately, I share your
opinion that they ought not to be sold."
Mr. Senf (of the firm of Senf Bros.), of Leipsic, writes : " I, too, share
your doubts as to the future of Philately. I am not aware if you know that
for many years past I have been of opinion that everything not unavoidably
necessary should be rejected, and I have always borne this in mind when
writing our postage stamp albums."
Mons. Maury, of Paris, writes : " I have always in my Journal warmly
spoken against these speculative stamps. . . . It would be very useful to have
the assent of Editors of Albums that they will not provide spaces for these
stamps."
The Scott Stamp & Coin Co., Ltd., of New York, write : " We think the
subject worthy of serious consideration, and we certainly feel inclined to
join you in the matter,"
136 THE NEW CRUSADE.

Messrs. C. H. Mekeel & Co., of St. Louis, U.S.A., write: " The future of
Philately is certainly menaced by the issues of stamps continually being
prepared for the benefit of collectors. . . . If four or five of the leading firms
agr.ee on a certain policy with regard to stamps of this character, we shall be
glad to co-operate with them."
After some further discussion the above resolution was put to the meeting,
and carried unanimously.

The Chairman then submitted the following resolution, which was seconded
by Mr. Buhl, and after some discussion was carried unanimously:
" That it is desirable to form a Representative Committee of the leading Dealers
and Importers and of the Philatelic Press in Great Britain, to co-operate with the
Committee of the London Philatelic Society, in considering the measures to be taken
to prevent the issue of unnecessary stamps and surcharges, and to warn Collectors
against purchasing them."

Various matters of detail in connection with this resolution were discussed,

and ultimately postponed for consideration by the two Committees.
In response to questions, the Society's Committee explained the many
obvious reasons which had actuated the members in suggesting the formation
of separate Committees, representing the "trade" and "collectors," rather
than a joint Committee, and it was also pointed out that consultations could
be held when required, and that emergency sub-committees could be appointed,
if necessary, to deal with pressing matters.
The following resolutions were then duly considered and unanimously
agreed to:
" That it should be the duty of the two Committees to enquire into the status of
all future issues, and to decide what shall be classed as unnecessary or speculative,
and to arrange for public notice being given of their decision in the Philatelic Press."
(Proposed by Mr. Castle and seconded by Mr. Nankivell.)
" That the two Committees shall use their utmost efforts to secure the exclusion
from all Journals, Catalogues, and Albums of all unnecessary issues."
(Proposed by Mr. Castle and seconded by Mr. Peckitt.)
" That with regard to existing issues the two Committees shall consult, and public
notice shall be given of such stamps as may be agreed to be unnecessary."
(Proposed by Mr. Castle and seconded by Mr. Giwelb.)
Mr. C. J. Phillips then intimated that all members of the trade invited to
or attending that meeting, together with other well-known stamp dealers and
importers, would be asked to meet at the offices of Stanley Gibbons, Ltd.,
391, Strand, on Friday, the loth of May, at 3 p.m., to consider the appoint-
ment of a representative Committee of the trade.
The proceedings, which throughout had been most harmonious and
enthusiastic, then terminated with a vote of thanks to the London Philatelic
Society and its special Committee appointed to consider this subject, and to
the Chairman and Hon. Secretary of such Committee.
 • THE NEW CRUSADE. lyj

A MEETING convened by the annexed circular was held at 391, Strand,

London, on the roth. May, at 3 p.m.
"391, STRAND, W.C.,
"May 8, 1895.
"DEAR SIR,
"UNNECESSARY AND SPECULATIVE ISSUES.
"At a joint meeting of the Philatelic Society of London, and of
representatives of the Trade, held last evening at Effingham House, Arundel
Street, Strand, it was resolved :
"' That all members of the Trade invited to or attending this meeting, together
with other well-known Stamp Dealers, be asked to meet at 391, Strand, on Friday,
May roth, at 3 p.m., to appoint a Representative Committee of the Trade.'
" It is proposed that such a Committee of the Trade and Philatelic Press
be formed to co-operate with the Committee appointed by the London
Philatelic Society, whose duties it shall be to consider the measures to be
taken to prevent the issue of unnecessary stamps and surcharges, and to
warn collectors against purchasing them.
" I cordially invite you to attend at my Office, as above, at 3 p.m. (prompt
to the minute) on Friday next, to appoint the said Committee, to elect a
Secretary, and take what other steps may be considered necessary.
" I am, dear Sir,
" Yours very truly,
"CHAS. J. PHILLIPS."
The following were invited : Messrs. W. Brown, T. Buhl, Butler Bros.,
T. Birch, P. M. Bright, F. G. Bepler, D. Brosnan, P. Bishop, G. H. Calif,
T. W. Cheveley, E. Clark, M. P. Castle, W. Cundy, A. W. Drohn, E. B. Evans,
R. B. Earee, A. C. Emerson, Harold Frederick, F. R. Ginn, G. C. Ginn,
M. Giwelb, G. H. Howe, Harry Hilckes, E. Healey, W. Hadlow, J. P. Jacoby,
Whitfield King, W. Lincoln, W. Morley, A. Myerscough, C. Mortimer,
W. H. Peckitt, C. J. Phillips, T. Ridpath, W. Rockliffe, A. Smith, Stafford
Smith, Gordon Smith, J. W. Telfer, W. T. Wilson, Winch, W. A. S. Westoby,
J. W. Wood, and H. R. Oldfield.
The following signed the attendance book: Messrs. M. P. Castle, Gordon
Smith, W. H. Peckitt, Walter Morley, Harry Hilckes, Chas. J. Phillips,
M. Giwelb, G. H. Howe, T. W. Wood, Edwin Clark, Henry J. Wildsmith,
D. Field, Fred. R. Ginn, Rockliffe, Josephs, Percy C. Bishop, J. Scott Stokes,
W. Hadlow, and E. B. Evans.
It was proposed by Mr. M. Giwelb, and seconded by Mr. Harry Hilckes,
that Mr. Chas. J. Phillips should take the chair, and carried unanimously.
The circular convening the meeting was taken as read.
The Chairman briefly explained the objects of the meeting, and read
replies to the circular, which he had sent out on the 27th March last, from
Messrs. J. B. Moens, Richard Senf (of Senf Bros.), Arthur Maury, Scott
Stamp and Coin Company, and C. H. Mekeel, who one and all promised
active co-operation.
It was proposed by Mr. C. J. Phillips, and seconded by Mr. W. H. Peckitt,
"That a Permanent Committee of leading Stamp Dealers and Philatelic
138 THE NEW CRUSADE.
Journalists be formed to carry out the objects of the resolutions which were
carried at the meeting held at the London Philatelic Society's rooms on the
6th inst." Carried unanimously.
The following are the aforesaid resolutions :
1. "That this meeting is of opinion that the great increase in the production of
speculative stamps for sale to collectors threatens to have a very serious effect on the
collection of genuine postal issues throughout the world."
2. "That it is desirable to form a Representative Committee of the leading
dealers and importers, and of the Philatelic Press in Great Britain, to co-operate
with the Committee appointed by the London Philatelic Society in considering the
measures to be taken to prevent the issue of unnecessary stamps and surcharges, and
to warn collectors against purchasing them."
3. " That it shall be the duty of the two Committees to inquire into the status of
all future issues, and to decide what shall be classed as unnecessary or speculative,
and to arrange for public notice being given of their decision in the Philatelic Press."
4. "That the Committee shall use their utmost efforts to secure the exclusion
from all catalogues, albums, and journals of all unnecessary issues."
5. "That with regard to existing issues the two Committees shall consult, and
that public notice shall be given of such as may be unnecessary."
It was proposed by Mr. Castle, and seconded by Mr. Rockliffe, "That
the following (subject to their individual consent) form the Committee, with
power to add to their number: Messrs. W. Brown, Butler Bros., P. M. Bright,
F. G. Bepler, D. Brosnan, Edwin Clark, E. B. Evans, R. B. Eare"e, Harold
Frederick, F. R. Ginn, M. Giwelb, Harry Hilckes, E. Healey, W. Hadiow,
Whitfield King, W. Lincoln, A. Myerscough, W. H. Peckitt, C. J. Phillips,
Alfred Smith, Stafford Smith, Gordon Smith, J. Scott Stokes, W. T. Wilson,
Winch Bros., and W. A. S. Westoby." Carried unanimously.
After a lengthy discussion, it was resolved that the name should be " The
Society for the Suppression of Speculative Stamps."
Mr. Gordon Smith was unanimously elected Secretary.
Messrs. C. J. Phillips, F. R. Ginn, M. Giwelb, Harry Hilckes, J. Scott
Stokes, and Gordon Smith were elected to form a Committee to draw up
rules and bye-laws to regulate the Society.
Resolved: " That this meeting is of opinion that a joint Committee of
the Philatelic Society and of the Trade is preferable to two Committees, and
hopes that the Committee of the Philatelic Society will reconsider this point
at their convenience."
Resolved: "That in furtherance of the resolutions of the 6th May, a
joint meeting shall be held on Friday, the i/th May, at 4 p.m."
Mr. M. P. Castle, on behalf of the Philatelic Society, kindly placed their
rooms at disposal for this purpose.
Vote of thanks to the Chair. + GORDON SMITH, Secretary.

N.B.—All communications to the Society should for the present be addressed—

THE SECRETARY,
Society for the Suppression of Speculative Stamps,
391, Strand, LONDON, W.C.
 139

PhilatelicNotes.
(RELATING TO STAMPS OTHER THAN CURRENT ISSUES.)

NOTE.— The co-operation of Philatelists is invited in order to make this column of a varied
and interesting nature.

PORTUGAL PROVISORIO.
MR. J. N. MARSDEN writes: " I notice you mentioned the errors of the
10 reis, ' Provisorios,' Portuguese, in the London Philatelist', and
surmised that they were fiscally used. Such, however, was not the case.
"In this country newspapers, when their subscribers' subscriptions are due
or have run out, send out a notice to this effect, franked with a 10 reis
stamp; and when they (the notices) reach their destinations the postman
himself writes on the notice the subscriber's reply, and in this state they are
returned to the newspaper office. So the stamps on the printed papers you
saw had, as it were, served a double postage."

INDIAN LETTER SHEETS.

OUR esteemed correspondent, Major Adam Smith, of Poona, writes us :
" May I ask you how it is that Indian letter sheets (\ anna, blue) do
not find favour with the dealers ? For twelve years they were in use, yet
the Scott Catalogue does not mention them!!! I have before me an
unused sheet, No. 4. As this, so far as I know, has not been chronicled,
will you kindly make a note hereof ?"
These rather scarce letter sheets are duly chronicled in Senf and other
leading catalogues, and we venture to think are as much appreciated by the
trade and collectors as other envelopes—which, alas ! is but faint praise !

THE 32 c. BANGKOK.
IN our Review in February last of Mr. Wm. Brown's excellent work on
the Straits Settlement stamps, we expressed an absence of implicit
confidence in the 32 cents of the first issue of the Straits (1867) surcharged
with the letter " B" for Bangkok. The date assigned to the issue of this
stamp is in Evans and Scott 1885, and in Moens 1882, and it had always
seemed to our untutored mind somewhat incongruous that so many years
after, a single variety should have been thus emitted, notwithstanding the
very limited like use of the i \ cents of the same series for other portions of
the Malay States. Our correspondents, Messrs. Whitfield King & Co., wrote
that they were quite confident as to the bond fides of this stamp, and kindly
undertook to procure official corroboration of their views. We have now
HO OCCASIONAL NOTES.

received the following letter, which may be taken as conclusive, the only
regret being that it does not establish the date of issue, which, however,
would seem more likely to have been in 1882 than after the second variety of
32 c.; and, in our opinion, Mr. Brown does wisely in placing1 it first on the
list. Collectors should, however, not purchase this stamp without a critical
examination of the surcharge.
"GENERAL POST-OFFICE, SINGAPORE,
"April 2nd, 1895.
"GENTLEMEN,—In reply to your letter of the 7th ultimo, I beg to inform you
that a number of Indian 2 anna stamps overprinted with a Crown and '32 cents' for
the Straits Settlements were afterwards overprinted with the letter ' B,' and issued at
the Postal Agency at Bangkok.
"I am unable, however, to tell you when those stamps were first supplied to
Bangkok, or how many were issued, as there were two different descriptions of that
denomination in circulation_at the same time.
" I am, Gentlemen, your obedient Servant,
(Signed) "A. TROTTER,
"Acting Postmaster-General, Straits Settlements.
"MESSRS. WHITFIELD KING & Co., Ipswich."

OccasionalNotes.
THE EARL OF KINGSTON.
THE announcement of the return of Lord Kingston from Algeria has
appeared in the daily press, coupled with the intimation which will
greatly rejoice all the readers of this journal, that the esteemed President
of the London Philatelic Society has derived great benefit to his health
from his extended sojourn in the East.

"A WARNING TO STAMP COLLECTORS."

UNDER the above title we have received, from an esteemed correspon-
dent, a cutting from an American journal, which is calculated to
awaken a lively alarm! Kissing has been lately denounced as tending to
spread the mysterious microbe (but is still adopted as a custom among
certain sections of the community !), and there is a fearsome danger—to the
medical mind—in everything that we do, or say, or think. But the picture
of a Philatelist with his hair rattling with fungus-pebbles is one that we
shudderingly turn from contemplating, and draw the hair-line at any further
delineation of the appalling spectacle :
" At the present day a man of any position in the medical world can scarcely be
considered to have fully justified his existence till he has discovered a new disease,
or, at least, some previously unsuspected source of danger to health. Dr. Unna, of
Hamburg, may therefore be looked upon as doubly fortunate, for besides enriching
nosology with more than one new disease, he has now made a considerable section
 OCCASIONAL NOTES. 141
of the human race still further his debtors by showing them that their favourite
'hobby' has the added spice of danger required to make it completely delightful.
Stamp collecting might at first sight appear to be a perfectly harmless mania, but
here too, as in every other human pleasure or pursuit, it turns out that Met anguis in
herba. There is a disgusting disease of the hair known as piedra (stone), and hitherto
considered to be peculiar to Columbia, in South America, where it is comparatively
common among the fair sex. Men also suffer, though to a less extent, and chiefly
in their beards. Black gritty particles form on the hair shafts; they are so hard that
they rattle like pebbles (hence the name) when the comb is used. An unpleasant
feature of the affection is a peculiar acid smell. The concretions have been found to
consist of the closely-packed spores of a special fungus. The disease is supposed to
be connected with a mucilaginous substance, which is greatly in favour with the
native beauties of Columbia for anointing their dark tresses. Dr. Unna has satisfied
himself that this interesting complaint can be conveyed to Europe by a somewhat
unexpected channel. He has recently had under his care a professional brother,
whose beard was unquestionably affected with piedra. The patient had never been
near Columbia, and the question was how could he have got the disease ? It turned
out, however, that he often received letters from Columbia, and he was in the habit
of detaching the stamps by soaking them in water. Dr. Unna conjectures that he
may have inoculated himself with the- fungus which causes the disease, while fiddling
with his beard with fingers still wet with the water in which he had soaked the
stamps. The theory appears to involve the hypothesis that the 'mucilaginous
substance,' which is suspected of breeding the disease, is used in Columbia for
gumming stamps; but, at any rate, the case should be a warning to stamp collectors,
as suggesting the possibility of the importation of the germs of various inoculable
diseases from their native haunts."
Original gum will henceforth be tabooed. Philately will have to be
classed as a dangerous calling; and we can only trust that the life insurance
offices may not see the news I
•
A CALIFORNIAN FIND!
MR. HENRY LOVERIDGE writes from the Canadian-Australian Steamship
Line, R.M.S. Warrimoo, off Vancouver, on April gth, 1894: "I send
you herewith two cuttings from a Honolulu paper, showing that even in the
throes of revolution the good people who inhabit the Sandwich Islands can
still take an interest in our hobby. Please make use of them if you deem
them of any interest to your readers."
"Within the past week (March 26th) Philatelic circles have been greatly excited
over the ' find' and sale in this city of one of the greatest stamp varieties, says a late
issue of the San Francisco Call. It fell to the fortune of C. K. Sturtevant, of Oakland,
manager for a large San Francisco real estate firm, to discover the rarity, and to
dispose of it to H. J. Crocker, San Francisco's most prominent collector, for $350."
It appears, however, that, as there is an alloy to all mundane happiness,
some doubt as to the purity of this Californian gold find has been expressed;
for we read further that the Hon. H. M. Whitney, who was
"Postmaster-General from 1850 to 1856, and from 1883 to 1886 (during the former
period the stamp mentioned was issued), on being shown the printed illustration,
said that' if this purports to be an exact copy of the original envelope, there is room
to doubt its genuineness. The date of the letter beating the numeral 5 cent stamp is
142 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

not given; but these stamps were seldom used after the introduction of the lithographed
stamp of the same denomination, which I received from Boston during 1853.
"'No date stamp like the one on the envelope (shown in the cut) was ever used in
the early days of the postal service here. This represents a modern steel stamp;
whereas the old date stamps were made of wood, mortised for changing the date of
the month and the year, and were much larger—say, the size of a twenty-dollar piece.
I have now several of these old letters stamped with the first date stamps used. I
think they were introduced about the year 1851 or '52.'"
We trust, however, that the worthy Postmaster's suspicions may be
groundless, and that Mr. Crocker is in possession of what is undoubtedly
" a fine thing." Our San Francisco friends are as keen in collecting as they
are hospitable in entertaining; and as it is the most likely place to find old
Hawaiian, we should think there is a strong probability of Mr. Crocker's
acquisition being " all that is to be desired."

THE STAMP COLLECTOR'S POCKET-BOOK.

MESSRS. WHITFIELD KING & Co. have produced a most excellent pocket-
book, that, while being especially designed for the absolutely safe
retention of the sundry and various stamps that the average Philatelist
generally has stowed away on his person, also answers for all the ordinary
uses of this daily companion to most men. It is made in flexible leather,
and is about 6 inches high by 4 broad, folds very flat, and does not bulge
the pockets. In addition to the ordinary division to embrace letters and
memoranda there are no less than 36 separate small pockets, in a thrice-
folding flap, which will enable a collector, if he be so minded, to be a
peripatetic' Philatelic Croesus! A " natty " little pair of silver-plated tongs
is included in the outfit. The outside cover is of morocco, and the whole
thing handsomely finished, strong, and reasonable in price. Under these
circumstances there should be a large demand for it among the collecting
world—both here and on the Continent; and we feel confident that the
enterprise of Messrs. Whitfield King will reap the reward that so excellent
a production deserves.
»

THE PHILATELIC PROTECTION ASSOCIATION.

WE are desired to publish the following letter:
" 143, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.,
"yd May, 1895.
" DEAR SIR,—It having been suggested by some of the Members of the Association
that the Committee should furnish them with some information as to the work which
is being done, I am authorised by the Committee to point out that much of the
work of the Association is necessarily of such a nature that it is not desirable to
print an account of it, even in a private circular.
"At the same time, as a specimen of the work that is in hand, the Committee
have much pleasure in communicating to Members that a most important matter, on
which much labour and patience has been bestowed, has been brought to a successful
and practical issue.
"For some considerable time past representations have been made to the
 NEW ISSUES. 143

Authorities respecting the production and importation of forgeries into the United
Kingdom. The negotiations have been conducted by the Solicitor to the Association
(Mr. J. A. Tilleard), and have resulted in a material acknowledgment of the
Association's work and influence.
" That this is a practical result will be seen from the following: The Association
having learned that an attempt was being made to place on the English market a
very large parcel of forgeries, numbering nearly 600,000, at once communicated with
Somerset House. The Board of Inland Revenue used special means to trace the
parcel in order to prevent the delivery, and arrangements were made for the detention
of the stamps by the Customs if the importation was attempted. Having located
the parcel in Germany, the Board communicated with the Berlin Authorities with a
view to their co-operation, and the result is awaited with interest.
"The Association is to be congratulated on the fact that the Board of Inland
Revenue are willing to give their powerful support to the Association in the work of
putting a stop to the manufacture and sale of forgeries, and the communication with
the German Officials will no doubt have a beneficial and far-reaching result.
" The Committee need hardly point out that this is a most important advance in
the best interests of Philately, and the result in many respects is by far the most
influential acknowledgment of the claims for protection from forgery, &c., that
Philatelists have received from official sources.
" The negotiations have necessarily been prolonged, and of a confidential nature;
the Committee therefore have not been in a position to report until the present time.
" In communicating the above the Committee appeal for your continued hearty
support and interest, especially in the active participation in the work of the
Association by attending the meetings as often as possible.
" I am, dear Sir,
"Yours faithfully,
"FREDK. R. GINN,
"Hon. Secretary."

NewIssues.
NOTES OF NEW AND VARIATIONS OF CURRENT ISSUES.
(Varieties of Obsolete Stamps and Discoveries will be found under "Philatelic Notes.")

We do not profess to chronicle everything, but, with the kind help of correspondents, are desirous
that all the important novelties may be included. Speculative stamps—i.e. those not really
required for postal purposes—will be considered on their merits, and Jubilee issues •will not be
chronicled. The early intimation of any legitimate New Issiies is desired, accompanied if possible
by-a specimen or specimens of the stamp or stamps referred to, which laill be promptly returned,
and the sender's name (unless otherwise requested) acknowledged. Address: EDITOR, " LONDON
PHILATELIST," EFFINGHAM HOUSE, ARUNDEL STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES. BRITISH BECHUANALAND.—The current

BERMUDA.—Some sheets of the i shilling 2 pence Cape of Good Hope has received
value, perf. 14x12^, have escaped perfora- the surcharge "British—Bechuanaland" in
tion between the first and second, and second two lines reading downwards. We trust this
and third rows from the bottom of sheet. Colony will soon see the error of its way,
There appears to have been a large quantity and forego surcharges for a permanent " De
put into circulation. A strip of 3 fetched a La Rue" type similar to Zululand: we are
ridiculously high price at auction lately. certainly expecting it.
Adhesive, i sh., green, perf. 14 X12^, imperf. horizontally. Adhesive. 3d., brown, black surcharge.
144 NEW ISSUES.
BRITISH HONDURAS. — We have from has not arrived up to the time of going to
Messrs. Whitfield King & Co. 3 new stamps press, hence we shall hope to include it in
of i c., 5 c., and 10 c. values; the last two next month's chronicle.
values are to take the place of the 6 c., blue, " QUEENSLAND.—We have to chronicle the
and 12 c., violet and green. current id. label, printed on thick fiscal
Adhesive*. I c., green. paper, with blue bure'le' across the back.
5 c., blue.
10 c., violet and green. The quantity issued of these appears to
INDIA.—Major Adam Smith writes: "The have been very small. The £d. and id.
nine pies carmine envelopes for the use of labels have now been issued with profile of
soldiers and sailors became obsolete on Queen on plain ground, also the £d. wrapper.
April 15th, the Government of India having Adhesive*.
id., orange-red, blue burtttat back.
withdrawn them, and increased the postage $d., green, redrawn with plain background.
id., scarlet ,, ,, ,,
on the letters of soldiers and sailors to one
Wrapper.
anna from that date. Information of the Jd., green on buff, redrawn with plain background.
9 pies envelopes being overprinted 'one SEYCHELLES.—We append the types of
anna' just received. I am told that the the recently chronicled envelopes.
half anna and one anna square envelopes
have been overprinted ' On H M S' for use
by Government officials, the reason for this
being that these covers have not' taken on'
with the public, owing to a charge of two
pies each for paper, and it being desirable
to reduce stock."
The Monthly Journal has received infor-
mation that the current \ anna, i anna, 2
annas, 4 annas, 8 annas, and i rupee stamps
are to be surcharged " Postal Service," and
will be used to represent the amount collected
as Customs duly on foreign parcels. In this
case they would certainly come under the
category aifiscals. We withhold our chronicle
for further information.
Envelopes. One anna, on 9 pies, black surcharge.
i anna, green, surcharge in black, On H M S.
z anna, brown „ „ ,,
A valued correspondent informs us that TRINIDAD.—The stamp on the i penny
the new stamps of the values of 2, 3, and 5 wrapper is now printed in carmine-vermilion
rupees may soon be expected to make their (?) in place of carmine.
appearance. They were registered on the Wrapper, id., carmine-vermilion on buff.
igth and 25th of April, and the 2nd of May ZULULAND.— We understand that all the
respectively, and we presume that supplies values chronicled on page 147, vol. 3, are
have been sent out to India. All the values now actually in issue. We have seen the
are large upright rectangular stamps, printed values up to i/-, used. There appears to
in two colours—yellow-brown with rose- have been a good deal of speculation over
carmine centre for the 2 r., green and dark the remainders of the old surcharged type,
brown for the 3 r., and violet and bright and some values are likely to be very scarce.
ultramarine for the 5 r. We do not think We understand that owing to the arrival of
that the best choice has been made from the the new type, the stock of the Natal 6 pence,
numerous essays in various combinations of surcharged in black, were all withdrawn
colour, submitted by Messrs. De la Rue and from use.
Co. for selection by the authorities. EUROPE.
The chief feature of the new stamps is BAVARIA.—The 3 pfennig wrapper is now
a modern representation of the Queen - printed on yellow paper.
Empress, taken from the well - known Wrapper. 3 pf., brown on yellow.
"Jubilee" portrait by Angeli, SERVIA.—A post card of similar type to
NATAL.—We regret that our block of the the current adhesives is in issue.
surcharge of £d. on id. chronicled last month Past Card, 5 para, blue on buff.
 NEW ISSUES.

SPAIN.—Le Timbre-Poste informs us that Wrappers, i c., dark green on manilla, type 7.
i c., grey blue „ „
the members of the Chamber of Deputies Post Cards.
having received free postage, the current 2 c., carmine, stamp carmine, on white, tyj>e /; Interior.
3 c., carmine, stamp brown, on white, type f ; Interior.
150. has been ^printed in canary yellow for 2 c., blue-green, stamp carmine, on buff, type f ; Postal
their use. Union.
Adhesive. 15 c., canary yellow. 3 c., blue-green, stamp brown, on buff, type i; Postal
Union.
Letter Cards,
AMERICA. 4 c., blue, stamp vermilion on white, type 2, Urbano.
10 c., black, stamp rose-lilac on -white, type 4 ,,
BRAZIL.—From the same source we under-
stand that the envelopes of 100 reis have the PERU.—The Philatelic Journal of A merica
word " REIS " with letters very close together, announces that the old " Llama" type of
also that the 40 reis card has undergone a 1867 has been revived and issued in a new
slight change, the inscription, " Neste lado colour for a 20 c. stamp.
Adhesive. 20 c., blue.
s6 o enderafao," now being printed in small
thick type. UNITED STATES.—A slight alteration has
Envelopes. 100 reis, red (two sizes). been made in the current type, by which the
Past Cards. 40 reis, red and ultramarine on white.
40 reis, red and blue on yellowish. triangles in the upper corners have a plain
HAYTI.—A new 20 c. stamp is promised white frame, the lines which formerly ran
shortly, of current type. through the frame having been erased. The
Adhesive. 20 c., chocolate-brown.
8 c. has appeared in new type; the colour is
plum. The full set of newspaper stamps of
MEXICO.—We illustrate the types of the new series are now current.
recent issue; the 5 and 10 pesos are also of Adhesive*. 2 c., carmine (variety).
8 c., plum.
type 5. The following list of envelopes,
Newspaper Stamps.
post cards and wrappers, with stamps of the 1 cent, black. $2, orange.
new type is taken from the Philatelic Journal 2 cents „ $5, blue.
5 „ „ Sio, green.
of Great Britain. There are two varieties 10 „ „ $20, slate.
25 „ carmine. $50, carmine.
of each of the post cards, constituted by a 50 „ pink. $100, purple.

OTHER COUNTRIES.
FERNANDO Poo.—Le Timbre-Poste chron-
icles the i c. and 5 c. de peso with surcharge,
"Habilitado para correos jo cent, pta."
Adhesive*. 50 c. on i c. de peso, green, blue surcharge.
50 c. on 5 c. de peso, blue, blue ,,
FRENCH COLONIES.—The news that all
the remainders of the stamps used for French
Colonies previous to 1892 are to be destroyed
sounds too good to be true. Perhaps the
Parisians have heard a rumour of a specula-
tive crusade forming in London!
PORTO Rico.—A new colour.
Adhesive. 3 c. de peso, blue-green.
TRANSVAAL.—Messrs. Whitfield King &
Co. send us a specimen of the 3 pence in
difference in the size of the words "TARJETA the new type. We understand that the error
POSTALE " and " TARJETA POSTALE—CARTE in the coat of arms, by which the waggon
—POSTALE" on the Interior and Postal has two shafts in place of a pole, has really
Union Cards respectively. The wrappers been corrected. Also with reference to our
have the word "FAJILLA" spelt with three communication from Mr. Nankivell last
L'S, and one of the 3 c. post cards has the month, Mr. Beeman made an error in the
word " INTERIOR " spelt with a " Q " in place stamp to be surcharged, which should be
of O. the Natal 6 pence.
Adhesive*. 5 Pesos, rose, type j". Adhesive. 3 pence, violet.
10 ,, blue ,,
Envelopes. Since writing the above we have received
4 c., vermilion and rose on -white "wove, type 2. specimens of the id. and is., with shafts of
5 c., ultramarine and rose on white wove, type 4.
10 c., rose-lilac and rose on white wove, type 3. waggon altered to a pole.
 PhilatelicSocietiesMeetings.
THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON.
Honorary President—H.R.H. DUKE ALFRED OF SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA, K.G., &c.
Hon. Vice-President— H.R.H. THE DUKE OF YORK, K.G.
Council for the Year 1894-95 '•
President—THE EARL OF KINGSTON.
Vice-President—M. P. CASTLE.
Hon. Secretary—J. A. TILLEARD. | Hon. Assistant Secretary—R. PEARCE.
Hon. Treasurer—C. N. BIGGS. | Librarian—T. MAYCOCK.
E. D. BACON. R. EHRENBACH. D. GARTH.
A. W. CHAMBERS. E. B. EVANS. T. WICKHAM JONES.

THE twentieth meeting of the season 1894-95 Gordon Smith, T. Maycock, John Potter,
was held at Effingham House on Friday, the and J. A. Tilleard.
5th April, 1895, at 7.30 p.m. In the absence of the President and Vice-
The members present comprised Messrs. President, the chair was taken by Mr. Bacon,
M. P. Castle, E. D. Bacon, T. Wickham and the minutes of the last meeting were
Jones, R. Ehrenbach, R. Meyer, W. Silk, read and confirmed.
G. B. Routledge, E. L. Cator, H. R. Old- Mr. Horace P. Hudleston and Mr. Brown-
field, E. J. Nankivell, T. Maycock, C. N. low D. Knox, both proposed by the Secretary
Biggs, and J. C. Potter. and seconded by the Assistant Secretary;
The chair was taken by the Vice-President, Mr. Heinrich Fraenkel, proposed by Dr.
and the minutes of the last meeting were Kalckhoff and seconded by the Vice-Presi-
read and confirmed. dent ; and Mr. Robert J. Torrie, proposed
A letter was read from the Secretary of by the Earl of Kingston and seconded by
the Bradford Philatelic Society, forwarding the Secretary, were elected members of the
a copy of a resolution adopted by that Society.
Society, heartily endorsing the recent action Mr. Bacon then read a paper entitled,
of the Philatelic Society, London, in regard " The Queen's Head," being an article taken
to the alarming increase in the manufacture from an old magazine printed in 1852, in
and sale of speculative issues. which the methods employed at that date
Mr. Castle then read a paper by Captain in the production of the stamps of Great
Norris Newman, entitled, "Notes on the Britain were fully explained. Amongst
Cape Stamps," dealing with the early history other interesting information contained in
of the Post-office, and the various postal this early article, as a matter of Philatelic
issues of the Colony, and giving some interest, was the statement that the die
valuable information as to the position of for the id. adhesive was engraved by Mr.
the errors in the sheets of the id. and 4d. Charles Heath, and not by Mr. Frederick
"woodblock" stamps. Heath, who received the payment for the
On the motion of Mr. Bacon, seconded by work.
Mr. Nankivell, a hearty vote of thanks was On the motion of Mr. Nankivell, seconded
accorded to Captain Norris Newman for his by the Secretary, a hearty vote of thanks
interesting and valuable paper. was accorded to Mr. Bacon, for bringing
before the Society the interesting article
which he had read, and it was proposed that
THE twenty-first meeting of the season was
it should be published, with Mr. Bacon's
held at Effingham House on Friday, the
26th April, 1895, at 7.30 p.m. notes and remarks upon it, in the London
Philatelist.
The members in attendance were Messrs.
E. D. Bacon, B. P. Rodd, R. Ehrenbach, THE twenty-second meeting of the season
R. Meyer, G. B. Routledge, W. Silk, F. was held at Effingham House, on Friday,
Ransom, T. H. R. Crowle, J. G. Tolhurst, the 3rd May, 1895, at 7.30 p.m., and was
E. Lumley Cator, E. J. Nankivell, R. Pearce, attended by Messrs. E. D. Bacon, R. Ehren-
 PHILATELIC SOCIETIES' MEETINGS. 147

bach, W. D. Beckton, R. Meyer, G. B. A letter from Mr. Hesketh, in reference

Routledge, W. Silk, E. Lumley Cator, G. F. to the question of " speculative issues," was
Hynes, T. H. R. Crowle, E. J. Nankivell, also read, and was referred to the Committee
R. Pearce, T. Maycock, J. A. Tilleard, appointed to deal with this subject.
C. N. Biggs, and H. F. Lowe. Mr. Castle also read a letter from Mr.
In the absence of the President and Vice- Koning, inviting the Society to join in a
President, the chair was taken by Mr. Bacon, proposed international exhibition of stamps
and the minutes of the last meeting were to be held in Amsterdam in September next.
read and confirmed. The Vice-President explained that he had
The Secretary read a letter from the replied that the Society, as such, would not
Secretary of the British North Borneo be able to co-operate in the undertaking, but
Company in regard to the lithographed that some of the members might be willing
Labuan stamps, and the letter was referred to be exhibitors.
for consideration to the Committee on Mr. Cecil E. Pereira, proposed by the
"speculative issues." Secretary, and seconded by the Assistant-
Mr. Bacon showed an unused original Secretary ; and Mr. M. W. K. Connolly,
copy of the United States' (blue on rose) proposed by Major Adamson and seconded
Carrier stamp, kindly sent by Mr. E. A. by Mr. Tyas, were elected members of the
Holton, of Boston, for inspection, to assist Society.
in the detection of the reprints of the stamp The Treasurer having handed in his
in question. accounts for the past year, Mr. A. W.
The business of the evening consisted of Chambers and Mr. A. B. Creeke, junr.,
the revision of the reference list of the were, upon the motion of Mr. Pearce,
stamps of Hamburg, which was completed. seconded by Mr. Maycock, appointed as
auditors, to audit the accounts for presen-
THE twenty-third meeting of the season was tation to the Society at the annual general
held at Effingham House, on Friday, the meeting.
loth May, 1895, a' 7-3° P-m. Mr. E. J. Nankivell then read a paper on
The chair was occupied by the Vice- the " Chilian First Issues," which dealt with
President, and there were also present the 5 and 10 cent, values issued between
Messrs. E. D. Bacon, C. N. Biggs, A. W. 1853 and 1865. The various printings and
Chambers, Gordon Smith, W. Silk, R. papers employed, with the several water-
Ehrenbach, C. J. Tyas, N. Newton, E. marks, and the cancellations found on the
Lumley Cator, T. H. R. Crowle, G. J. stamps were fully described, and for the con-
Hynes, E. J. Nankivell, R. Pearce, T. venience of members in following the paper,
Maycock, R. Meyer, and J. A. Tilleard. Mr. Nankivell kindly handed round copies
The minutes of the last meeting having of a reference list which he had prepared,
been read and confirmed, the Secretary read containing also particulars of the numbers
a letter from the Secretary of the Plymouth of stamps issued in each year, with facsimiles
Society, sending a circular in reference to of the watermarks and cancellations to which
the recent surcharges of Natal stamps, and reference was made.
a copy of a resolution of his Society on the After the discussion which followed upon
subject; and the Secretary was desired to the reading of the paper, a hearty vote of
communicate with the Colonial Secretary, thanks was, upon the motion of Mr. Bacon,
with a view to ascertain whether any action seconded by Mr. Ehrenbach, accorded to
could be taken in the matter. Mr. Nankivell for his interesting contribution.

THE LEEDS PHILATELIC SOCIETY.

President—T. KERSHAW SKIPWITH.
Hon. Treasurer—EUGENE EGLEY, 88, Caledonian Road, Leeds.
SEVENxy-FiFTH meeting, held March i6th, The President then described the types
1895. Twelve members present, the President, ii and 12 of the stamps of Victoria, his
and (during the delivery of the paper) Mr. remarks being illustrated by his own collection,
John H. Thackrah, V.P., in the chair. Mr. and those of Mr. Thackrah, Mr. Jefferson,
Eugene Egley showed some used stamps of and Mr. Egley.
Poonch on pieces of the original envelopes.
148 PHILATELIC SOCIETIES' MEETINGS.

BIRMINGHAM PHILATELIC SOCIETY.

President—-W'. T. WILSON.
Hon. Secretary and Treasurer—G. JOHNSON, B.A., 208, Birchfield Road, Birmingham.

March 2ist.—Display. Victoria.—Messrs. and others also shewed fairly complete

Wilson, Pimm, Johnson, and others showed collections of the same country.
very complete collections of this interesting
country. A large number of rarities and April i8th.—Display. India and its Native
minor varieties sustained the attention of States'.—The President shewed almost every
the meeting until a late hour. one of the rarities of type and surcharge of
India, unused. The Hon. Sec. showed a
April 4th.—F. J. Crick, Esq. (Northamp- general collection of the country and states,
ton), C. \V. Boyton, Esq. (Great Yarmouth), used and unused, with their entire envelopes
were unanimously elected members. and cards ; also stamps used at .Zanzibar,
Mr. W. Pimm then read an interesting and the stamps of East Africa. Other
paper on the stamps of Spain, illustrating members shewed collections of the same
it from his own collection. The Hon. Sec. countries.

BRADFORD PHILATELIC SOCIETY.

President—OLIVER FIRTH.
Hon. Secretary—~W. H. SCOTT, I, Piccadilly, Bradford.

THE first Annual Meeting of this Society the stamps of Germany, Nova Scotia, and
was held on Tuesday evening, the 7th May. United States, and a discussion on Specialism
There were fourteen members present, the and General Collecting. Mr. Atkinson, the
President, Mr. Oliver Firth, occupying the Hon. Sec. of the Exchange Club, then gave
chair. The minutes of the previous meeting a report of what had been done in that
having been read and confirmed, the Hon. branch of the Society, after which Mr. Gray,
Sec. gave a short report of the position and the Hon. Treasurer, explained the financial
doings of the Society during the Session. position of the Society, which it appeared
He stated that the Society consisted of 23 was in a very satisfactory condition. All the
members; that 8meetings had been held,with present officers of the Society were re-elected,
an average attendance of members of just with the exception of Mr, W. M. Gray as a
over 10; that papers had been read by Mr. Vice-President, he desiring to retire from
Atkinson and Mr. Scott, the former on "The that position, and Mr. Stamford being elected
Stamps of Great Britain," and the latter on in his place.
"Watermarks and Perforations," and that The first meeting of the new session will
displays and discussions had taken place on be held on Tuesday, the ist October, 1895.

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX PHILATELIC SOCIETY.

President— M. P. CASTLE.
Hon. Secretary and Treasurer—A. DB WORMS, 27, Adelaide Crescent, Brighton.
THE twelfth meeting of the season was held stamps of Nevis, which he illustrated by his
at Markwell's Hotel, Brighton, on Monday, very fine collection of that country; almost
March 25th, at 7.45 p.m. Present: M. P. all the different varieties were well repre-
Castle, J. W. GiUespie, R. J. Thrupp, O. sented by unused specimens. He also showed
Pfenninger, C. R. Morse, E. E. Manwaring, several reconstructed plates, both of the en-
R. J. Woodman, P. de Worms, W. T. Willett, graved and lithographed issues, besides some
A. de Worms, H. Stafford-Smith. The Presi- entire unused sheets. The President pro-
dent in the chair. After the minutes of the posed a vote of thanks to Mr. Willett, which
previous meeting had been read and con- was seconded by Mr. J. W. Gillespie, and
firmed, Mr. Willett read some notes on the passed.
[We are compelled to defer the reports of several Societies.]
 [ 149 1

Correspondence.
—•-*

THE NEW SOUTH WALES WATER- study given to minor varieties from both sides
MARKS, 1870-1887. of the world, and Mr. Johnson must be pleased
To the Editor of the " London Philatelist." to see other Philatelists following in his
SIR,—Your remarks on page 104 of London wake.—ED.]
Philatelist are interesting to me, as being the
HOLLAND AND HER COLONIES.
first to point out in print the existence of the
two varieties of wmk. They are also amusing DEAR SIR,—Will you allow me space for
as illustrating the "change of front" of the a few words with reference to Mr. M. J.
Australian Philatelist. Myer's letter in your last issue ? He writes
When, in 1893, it was mentioned that there authoritatively that " there is no perforation
were two distinct types of wmk. in what had 14 in all the stamps of Holland and its
previously been called the 1870 issue, the colonies ; he who pretends this has no good
Australian Philatelist seemed surprised at perforation gauge. Our highest perforation
the idea of anyone outside of Australia find- is 13^." Now half a millimetre is perhaps
ing out anything not known to her own of no great importance either one way or
Philatelists. the other, but a fact is a fact. Major Evans,
Before I had seen these remarks I had, in his Catalogue for Collectors, gives 14,
however, sent the paper to press (Philatelic Moens also in his catalogue; and as regards
Chronicle and Advertiser, Feb., 1894), a copy the stamps of Surinam, I am able to speak
of which I enclose. No one here knew any- with certainty, having lately measured a
thing about the varieties. We did not think it great many of them, and the first issue is
worth while to give the measurements, deem- perforated 14 most decidedly, not 13^. The
ing it far better to give diagrams, for which latter perforation was in use later; but,
I had types cut from my sketches. The speaking for Surinam only, not very fre-
measurements are somewhat misleading, as quently. I may perhaps say that I use,
the junctions of the letters in types I, 2, and among others, a Scott Stamp & Coin Co.'s
3 vary. gauge. Mr. Myers is of course right in
By special request, I sent copies of the advocating a good gauge, but something
paper to members of the Sydney Society, depends on the person using it. The reason
and, after amplification, to the Scott Stamp Mr. Myers gives for only measuring the
and Coin Co., as the basis of their list for horizontal perforations, " because this should
the Advertiser's Catalogue, which is infinitely bring us too far," is not very convincing.
fuller than the paper of Mr. Wilson. Advanced Dutch collectors had better agree
Yours faithfully, with English in saying that when perforations
(Signed) G. JOHNSON, B.A. are stated at all, they should be given as
they actually exist, and not incorrectly.
[We have much pleasure in inserting the
Yours faithfully,
worthy Secretary of the Birmingham Society's GILBERT LOCKYER.
letter, and of rendering unto Caesar the things 12, SOUTHAMPTON STREET,
that are Caesar's. Mr. Johnson kindly sends May BtA, 1895.
us a copy of the Philatelic Chronicle for
February, 1894, which gives & precis of the DEAR SIR,—As the writer of the paper
paper read by him before his Society, and on the "Adhesive Stamps of Holland,"
which goes fully into the details of perforation published in your February number, I hope
and watermark, and, moreover, gives illustra- you will allow me to make a few remarks on
tion of the two Types of the latter (with a the letters in the April issue, under the
sub-variety of one of them). We had not signatures of "A Correspondent," and Mr.
seen the article in question, or should have, M. J. Myer.
of course, given the Columbus egg of dis- Regarding the contents of the first named,
covery to our correspondent. In any case, I was quite prepared to hear of new per-
Philately is the richer for the conscientious forations having been found.' The stamps
ISO CORRESPONDENCE.

of Holland, especially the early issues, are making up lists of perforations of any
rarely perforated absolutely "true to gauge"; country, they would save themselves much
consequently, stamps not perfectly dry, when time and trouble, and obtain more reliable
measured, or the use of a gauge different results, if they confined their attention to
from mine, would cause many variations, the measurement of unused stamps, having
not mentioned in my lists. original gum.
I have always measured "length by There can be no question as to the
breadth," because, professionally, that is the genuineness of Mr. Castle's specimen of the
usual practice. There should, however, be extremely rare 15 cents, 3rd issue, perf.
a universally recognized rule, and it really l o x i o j ; it would not be where it is, if
matters but little which plan is adopted. there had been any reasonable doubt.
Turning to Mr. Myer's letter, I am in Mr. Myer refers to the tinted paper used
accord with Mr. Ehrenbach in feeling for the first issues of Surinam and Curac.oa.
disappointed with the official publication of 1 am inclined to think that on further
the Dutch Society on the stamps of their examination he will find that similar paper
own country. I expected to find therein was used at times for some of the issues of
many more details about the adhesives than Holland and Netherlands India.
I was able to get together for my paper. Apologizing for taking up so much of your
It was surely only reasonable to expect space, I am, dear Sir,
some mention to be made in a "standard" Yours faithfully,
work of such an interesting fact as the JAS. WM. GILLESPIE.
BRIGHTON, 6th May, 1895.
number of dies used for the different values
of the first issues. Yet, as far as I can
make out, the work is entirely silent on the FASHIONABLE STAMPS-
point, and we foreign Philatelists would DEAR SIR, — I have read with the ut-
have remained, as far as official information most pleasure Mr. Ehrenbach's article on
is concerned, in the same position as I " Fashionable and Unfashionable Stamps."
found myself eighteen months ago, viz., There can be no doubt that for many
trying to decide from the appearance of years past most of those who have collected
the stamps themselves, whether there had have given their attention to the stamps of
been three dies, or only one. It is not those countries for which high prices are
sufficient for Mr. Myer to say now, that if offered and asked. Stamps of the British
there had been three dies, it would have Colonies have been, and still are—as might
been notified in the official publication of naturally be expected of British collectors—
his Society. held in much esteem ; thanks to the freedom
I cannot endorse Mr. Myer's statement from forgeries, also to the excellent produc-
that the perforation 14 does not exist, either tions of the printers.
in the stamps of Holland or those of its Now I am one of those who can claim
colonies. In my collections of these to have collected stamps in the "Sixties,"
countries there are specimens, many unused, though in a small way for some years, and
and with original gum, which undoubtedly have never given up for one year.
measure 14 by my gauge, which is one I am an individual who, if somewhat slow
supplied to me by Stanley Gibbons & Co., in making resolutions, is not likely to change
printed on stiff cardboard, off a carefully- his ideas to suit modern thoughts and ways.
engraved steel plate. May I ask Mr. Myer Years ago I set myself the task—I did not
if all the members of the Committee are intend to write this word—I should have
unanimous in thinking that perf. 14 does not said "pleasure," for real pleasure it has
exist ? been, to collect the postage stamps of all
As regards small varieties of perforation, countries issued during 1840-1890. I could
I spent much time in endeavouring to reach not, of course, have prophesied that the
finality, and at length came to the conclusion Philatelic world would become a receptacle
that neither the Dutch Government, nor for printer's waste paper. How glad am I
their printers, ever could have possessed that I am independent of this rubbish, and
such an array of machines as would be have kept to my resolve of 1890! the com-
necessitated if the varieties I had already pletion of a series begun before 1890, I
found really existed. admit. This as an explanation.
I would suggest to Philatelists that when The cause that prompted me to write
 CORRESPONDENCE.

upon these matters generally was your foot- [Our correspondent has assuredly not
note to Mr. Ehrenbach's excellent article. written too much. We consider that there
" The latter" (Austria) " is practically a terra is a wide field of interest awaiting Philate-
incognita in England, and will be found to lists who venture out of the beaten track,
be replete with the small and interesting and that Mr. Ehrenbach's paper, and the
varieties that constitute a true Philatelist's interest it has awakened, cannot be too
delight" (my italics here). much emphasised.—ED.]
With regard to the first part of the para-
graph I may say that I have given two or
three years quiet study to the stamps of INDIAN SERVICE CARDS.
Austria and Austrian-Italy, having now some DEAR SIR,—I have three Indian Service
hundreds of varieties, and still not complete. Cards which differ from any mentioned by
I have many varieties that have not been Major Smith.
mentioned in Philatelic catalogues and A. 128 mm. x 81 mm.
papers, so far as I know; and the pleasure Inscriptions, 1=32, 2 = 91, 3 = 66. Arms,
that I have derived from hundreds of hours
I2f mm. long, 6£ mm. high. Lion full face,
"amongst my Austrians" is incalculable. unicorn looking towards crown, the centre
My only regret is that I am not in posses- of which is higher than the heads of the
sion of official statistics, or I should publish
supporters. Tufts of tails turned outwards.
my investigations in some form.
It bears the word " To " only, just under the
I do not know of one Austrian (Philateli- E of " East." Thin card, dirty white colour,
cally speaking) collector, and am often " looked
and dated " 16.6.90." Pale green letters, &c.
down upon," ridiculed, pitied, for collecting
such " stuff" as Austrian, Finland, Bavarian, B. 128 mm. x S i m m .
Swedish, Norwegian, Turkish, Dutch, French, Inscriptions, 1=24, 2 = 88, 3 = 53. Arms,
Belgian, etc., etc., stamps, and putting "on 15 mm. long, 7 mm. high, and resemble
the shelf"—for the present—such gems as those of A, except that both animals are
Sydney Views, Laureated Heads, Capes, facing inwards. "To" under E, no other
Queensland, Canada, Newfoundland, etc. words, but two plain lines 42 mm. x 66 mm.
The popular idea of the value of a stamp long. Thick card, printed in medium blue-
is, in my opinion, very delusive. green on dirty white, darker than the last,
There are many stamps in my collection— and dated " 24 Oct 93."
taking a few of the countries just mentioned C. 122 mm. x 77 mm.
—which I value as highly as Sydney Views, Inscriptions, 1=30, 2 = 73^, 3 = 53. Arms,
etc. I do not refer to a monetary value, I 22 mm. long, 6 mm. high. Both animals
leave that to any who may wish to increase looking back at their tails, which are-turned
their income by collecting stamps. towards the body at the tip. The scroll at
I know the difficulty I have had in getting foot is long, projecting beyond the supporters,
fine specimens of some of them ; and, if I and the crown is low. "To" under E, but
disposed of them, it would be impossible slightly more to the right. " The Postmaster "
for me to say where I could get similar and "of" about under the S Thin card,
copies. On the other hand, there are Sydney printed in pale green on pale buff, dated
Views galore. All one has to do is to write "28.2.95."
a letter and enclose money to some one, and I have never seen the Arms as described
" they do the rest." by Major Smith under Nos. 6 and 12, where
As to the second part of the paragraph the supporters appear to be turning their
quoted I agree in toto, if the last three words backs upon the Arms !
be made more emphatic. Yours truly,
I am afraid that I have already written
too much ; so wishing all success to collec- ERNEST A. ELLIOTT.
MayqtA, 1895.
tors of stamps in general, and no country in
particular, I remain, Sir, P.S.—Permit me to endorse the suggestion
Yours very truly, of "A Subscriber" as to advertisements. If
F. A. BELLAMY, F.R.M.S., it is not deemed advisable to reject entirely
Hon. Trtas. and Sec. Oxford P.S. the advertisements of such dealers, we might
4, ST. JOHN'S ROAD, OXFORD,
at least decline all that include such issues.
May i2M, 1895. E. A. E.
 [ 152 ]

TheMarket.
MESSRS. VENTOM, BULL, AND COOPER. unused, which was finally sold at £7 155.
Other good lots were :
Realisations at the sale on April 18, 19 :
£ s. d. Oldenburg, 2nd issue, J black on £ s. d.
Great Britain, small garter, 4d., green, unused . . . 4 6 0
rose on bluish, unused . 3 10 o Naples, \ tornese, blue, trinacria . 1 3 o o
Naples, \ tornese, blue, " Cross," Bulgaria, the error, J stot, rose, on
four specimens on entire letter 22 o o original envelope . . . 5 1 5 0
Switzerland, Basle, i\ rappen . 4 4 0 Moldavia, circular, 54 paras, on
Tuscany, 60 crazie, red . . 8 12 6 original envelope . . . 15 10 o
CeyIon, 8d., brown, imperf. . . 1 0 0 0 India, \ anna, red (95 arches)
Mauritius, Post Paid, id., vermilion unused 7 5 °
on yellowish, and ad., blue, St. Lucia, 1885, is., orange, unused,
early state of plates . . 25 10 o pair 7 15 o
Natal, ist'issue, is., buff . . 9 0 0 MR. W. HADLOW.
New Brunswick,, is., mauve . . 1 0 0 0
Nova Scotia, is., violet . . 14 10 o The first of a. series of five sales, con-
British Guiana, 1st issue, circular, sisting of a superb stock of stamps (see
12 cents, black on thin blue advt. columns), was held on Saturday, May
paper, c u t t o shape . . 6 0 0 i ith. Among others the following prices
Montserrat, CA, 46., blue . . 4 1 5 0 were realised :
Nevis, 4d., rose on bluish, unused 4 0 0 Pacific Steam Navigation Co., i rl.,
Peru, medio peso, rose . . 1 0 0 0 blue, and 2 rl., red on blue
N. S. W., " Sydney," 3d., green . 4 4 0 paper, unused . . . 2 1 5 0
South Australia, id., green, imperf., Buenos Ayres, 5 pesos, orange,
horizontal strip o f four . . 4 0 0 unused (cut) . . . 4 0 0
At the sale on May 7, 8 : Natal," Postage,"with large capital,
Ceylon, 4d., rose, imperf. .160013 o o
on is., green . .
Pacific Steam Navigation Co., i rl.,
. 2 10 o
Ditto, 8d., brown, imperf. blue o n blue . . . . 4 4 0
Labuan, 6 c. on 16 c., red and blue N.S.W., Sydney, 3d., green, unused
(cut) . • . . 10 10 o (fair) 3 15 o
Portuguese Indies, 1873, error, the Dominican Republic, un rl., read-
red without value printed in ing downwards, on yellow laid
centre, used o n original. . 4 4 0 paper, unused . . . 3 1 2 6
Canada, $d., rose, imperf., strip of
six, on ribbed paper, on entire MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON.
envelope • • • 9 ° o We notice -with pleasure that this, the
Ditto, 6id., green, unused . . 5 10 o oldest established firm of auctioneers, are
Newfoundland, 6jd., carmine-ver- giving increasing prominence to their phila-
milion . • . . 14 o o telic sales department. A very successful
Nova Scotia, id., brown, strip of two days' sale was conducted on May I5th
three o n envelope . . 5 0 0 and i6th, at which, among many other good
United States, 1869, 90 c., unused stamps, the following were disposed of:
pair . • • • 9 ° o Naples, 50 grana, lake ; unused . 4 7 6
Ditto, 1893, set complete, unused 5 10 o Switzerland {Basle), 2\ rap. . . 4 15 o
Trinidad, Litho, id., red, pair . 3 1 7 6 Montserrat, 4d., blue; CA . . 3 10 o
Turks Islands, 4 on is., prune, New Brunswick, 6d., yellow . . 2 1 2 0
and 4 on id., both unused . 4 1 2 6 Newfoundland, 6d., carmine-ver-
Queensland, 1869-76, IDS., brown, milion ; c u t close . . 3 0 0
unused, pair . . . 6 0 0 United States (1869), 90 c. . . 2 4 0
Ditto, ditto, 2os., rose . 4 0 0 New Zealand, id., red on blue
Victoria, 1850, 2d., brown-lilac, paper; unused . . . 3 0 0
with f i n e border, unused . 5 0 0 Oldenburg, 2nd issue, 3 gr., bJack
Victoria. 1862, 4d-> rouletted, pair, o n yellow . . . 2 2 0
used o n original . . . 4 0 0 British Colombia, if on 3d., green;
Western Australia, is., brown, perf. 12^ . . . 2 12 6
rouletted • • . 4 0 0 Canada, iod., blue ; unused . . 2 10 o
MESSRS. CHEVELEY & Co. New Brunswick, is., mauve . . 1 7 0 0
At the 68th sale, held on April 3oth, some Antigua, 6d., green; no wmk.; im-
good prices were realised. Moldavia 54 perf.; unused . . . 6 5 0
paras was knocked down at ^15 ios., and New South Waies (Sydney), id.;
some spirited biddings took place over a with clouds ; pair on original 3 1 5 o
fine pair of St. Lucia, 1885, is., orange, Queensland, 1st issue, 2d.; imperf. 7 10 o