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    Musculoskeletal System

    Uploaded by

    Armine Angela Soliman
    Here are the matches for the combining forms: ankyl (o) - heel arthr (o) - joint brachi (o) - arm calcane (o) - heel carp (o) - wrist cephal (o) - head chondr (o) - cartilage dactyl (o) - fingers, toes kyph (o) - hump my (o) - marrow myel (o) - bone oste (o) - bone phalang (o) - finger or toe bone pod (o) - foot rachi (o) - spine scoli (o) - curved spondyl

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Musculoskeletal System

    Uploaded by

    Armine Angela Soliman
    27 views32 pages
    Here are the matches for the combining forms: ankyl (o) - heel arthr (o) - joint brachi (o) - arm calcane (o) - heel carp (o) - wrist cephal (o) - head chondr (o) - cartilage dactyl (o) - fingers, toes kyph (o) - hump my (o) - marrow myel (o) - bone oste (o) - bone phalang (o) - finger or toe bone pod (o) - foot rachi (o) - spine scoli (o) - curved spondyl

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    Here are the matches for the combining forms: ankyl (o) - heel arthr (o) - joint brachi (o) - arm calcane (o) - heel carp (o) - wrist cephal (o) - head chondr (o) - cartilage dactyl (o) - fingers, toes kyph (o) - hump my (o) - marrow myel (o) - bone oste (o) - bone phalang (o) - finger or toe bone pod (o) - foot rachi (o) - spine scoli (o) - curved spondyl

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views32 pages

    Musculoskeletal System

    Uploaded by

    Armine Angela Soliman
    Here are the matches for the combining forms: ankyl (o) - heel arthr (o) - joint brachi (o) - arm calcane (o) - heel carp (o) - wrist cephal (o) - head chondr (o) - cartilage dactyl (o) - fingers, toes kyph (o) - hump my (o) - marrow myel (o) - bone oste (o) - bone phalang (o) - finger or toe bone pod (o) - foot rachi (o) - spine scoli (o) - curved spondyl

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 32

    THE MUSCULOSKELETAL

    SYSTEM
    Known as the locomotor system
    which is an organ system that
    promotes the ability to move.
    It is made up of muscles, bones,
    tendons, ligaments and soft
    tissues that supports and binds
    tissues and organs together.

    It provides body shape, support,


    stability, and movement to the
    body
    •Voluntary
    (skeletal)

    •Involuntary
    (smooth or
    visceral)

    •Cardiac
    • Contractility
    • Ability of a muscle to shorten with
    force
    • It DOES NOT produce force by
    lengthening/pushing!
    • Excitability
    • Capacity of muscle to respond to a
    stimulus
    • Extensibility
    • Muscle can be stretched to its normal resting length and beyond
    to a limited degree
    • Elasticity
    • Ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after stretched
    Isokinetic contractions
    produce movements of a constant speed.
    Example is in swimming, where the water
    provides a constant, even resistance to the
    movement of adduction.

    Isometric muscle
    contraction
    occur when there is no change in the
    length of the contracting muscle. Example
    is carrying an object without movement.
    Isotonic muscle contractions
    the muscle changes length as it contracts whilst the load
    or resistance remains the same. As a result, this causes
    movement of a body part.

    Concentric muscle contractions


    cause the muscle to shorten as it contracts. An
    example is bending the elbow from straight to fully
    flexed, causing a concentric contraction of the Biceps
    Brachii.

    Eccentric muscle contractions


    opposite of concentric and occur when the muscle
    lengthens as it contracts. The muscle is still
    contracting to hold the weight all the way down but
    the bicep muscle is lengthening.
    • Mobility: Gives enough rigidity
    associated with body parts gross and
    fine movement such as walking,
    speaking, facial expressions and alike.
    • Posture and Stability: Generate a
    constant contractile force that allows
    us to maintain conscious control.
    • Heat generation: Contraction
    generates heat that is essential for
    maintenance of temperature
    homeostasis.
    • Respiration: Automatically drives
    movement of air into and out of
    our body.
    • Constriction of organs and blood
    vessels: It promotes circulation,
    digestion and absorption, and
    excretion.
    • Protection: It encapsulate internal
    organs by and are essential in
    maintaining the integrity of body
    cavities.
    Support : Forms the body framework
    and upkeep weight
    Movement: provides points of
    attachment for muscles.

    Protection: Safeguards internal


    organs
    Manufacturer: Red and white blood
    cells are formed by tissue called
    marrow
    Storage: Bones store minerals, such
    as calcium and phosphorus, for the
    body
    •Composed of •Osteoblasts are
    osseous tissue bone-forming cells

    •Consists of a •Osteoclasts are


    rich supply of responsible for
    blood vessels reabsorbing dead
    and nerves bone tissue
    •Bone cells are called osteocytes
    The development of osteocytes and
    the hardening process is called
    ossification.
    Ossification depends on:

    calcium
    vitamin D
    phosphorus
    80 bones of the
    axial
    appendicular
    skeleton consists of
    126 bones
    •Long bones
    (Femur)

    •Short bones
    (Wrist bones)

    •Flat bones
    (Skull)
    •Irregular bones
    (Vertebrae)

    •Sesamoid bones
    (Kneecap)
    •The shaft is the
    longest portion also
    called the diaphysis.

    •The ends are called


    the epiphysis.

    •Space between the


    epiphyses and the
    diaphysis is called the
    metaphysis.
    •Articular cartilage is a
    thin flexible substance
    that provides
    protection at movable
    points.
    •Medullary cavity
    contains yellow bone
    marrow.
    •Red bone marrow is
    found in infant bones
    and the flat bones of
    adults.
    •Temporal
    •Parietal
    •Frontal
    •Ethmoid
    •Sphenoid

    •Occipital
    •Lacrimal bone
    •Ethmoid bone
    Zygomatic bone •Nasal bones
    Maxillary bones
    Mandible
    Palatine bone
    Spinal Column
    Consists of five
    sets of
    vertebrae

    •Cervical = 7
    •Thoracic = 12
    •Lumbar = 5
    •Sacrum = 5
    •Coccyx = 1
    The chest
    cavity is
    also
    referred to
    as the
    thoracic
    cavity.
    The pubic
    symphysis
    is where
    both pubic
    bones join.
    Upper Arm
    •Humerus Lower Arm
    •Ulna
    •Radius
    Hand and Fingers
    •Carpals (wrist)
    •Metacarpals (palm)
    •Phalanges (fingers)
    Lower leg Upper Leg
    •Tibia (shin) •Femur
    •Fibula
    •Patella (kneecap)
    Feet and Toes
    •Tarsals
    •Calcaneus (heel)
    •Metatarsals
    •Phalanges
    Amphiarthroses Diarthroses
    •Moves slightly •Moves freely

    Joints
    (articulations)

    Synarthroses
    •No movement
    Tendons are bands of fibrous A joint lubricator
    tissue that connect muscles (synovial fluid) helps
    to bone. synovial joints move
    Ligaments connect bones to easier.
    other bones.
    Movement occurs at joints with the assistance of
    muscles, tendons and ligaments.
    LABORATORY EXERCISE

    • Demonstrate the different types or kinds of body


    movement.
    • Describe and give an example of each movement
    • Use the medical terms described in the combining forms
    slides in your activities above if applied. Otherwise look for
    the proper medical terminology.
    BODY MOVEMENTS
    BODY MOVEMENTS
    Match the following combining forms
    and meanings.

    ankyl (o) heel

    arthr (o) bent

    brachi (o) joint

    calcane (o) arm


    Match the following combining forms
    and meanings.
    carp (o) cartilage

    cephal (o) hump

    chondr (o) head

    dactyl (o) wrist

    kyph (o) fingers, toes


    COMBINING FORMS PART 3
    Match the following combining forms
    and meanings. foot
    my (o)
    finger or toe bone
    myel (o)
    muscle
    pod (o)
    bone
    oste (o)
    spinal cord; bone
    phalang (o) marrow
    COMBINING FORMS PART 4
    Match the following combining forms
    and meanings.
    rachi (o) curved

    scoli (o) vertebra

    spondyl (o) spine

    ten (o) ulnar

    uln (o) tendon

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