Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal System
SYSTEM
Known as the locomotor system
which is an organ system that
promotes the ability to move.
It is made up of muscles, bones,
tendons, ligaments and soft
tissues that supports and binds
tissues and organs together.
•Involuntary
(smooth or
visceral)
•Cardiac
• Contractility
• Ability of a muscle to shorten with
force
• It DOES NOT produce force by
lengthening/pushing!
• Excitability
• Capacity of muscle to respond to a
stimulus
• Extensibility
• Muscle can be stretched to its normal resting length and beyond
to a limited degree
• Elasticity
• Ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after stretched
Isokinetic contractions
produce movements of a constant speed.
Example is in swimming, where the water
provides a constant, even resistance to the
movement of adduction.
Isometric muscle
contraction
occur when there is no change in the
length of the contracting muscle. Example
is carrying an object without movement.
Isotonic muscle contractions
the muscle changes length as it contracts whilst the load
or resistance remains the same. As a result, this causes
movement of a body part.
calcium
vitamin D
phosphorus
80 bones of the
axial
appendicular
skeleton consists of
126 bones
•Long bones
(Femur)
•Short bones
(Wrist bones)
•Flat bones
(Skull)
•Irregular bones
(Vertebrae)
•Sesamoid bones
(Kneecap)
•The shaft is the
longest portion also
called the diaphysis.
•Occipital
•Lacrimal bone
•Ethmoid bone
Zygomatic bone •Nasal bones
Maxillary bones
Mandible
Palatine bone
Spinal Column
Consists of five
sets of
vertebrae
•Cervical = 7
•Thoracic = 12
•Lumbar = 5
•Sacrum = 5
•Coccyx = 1
The chest
cavity is
also
referred to
as the
thoracic
cavity.
The pubic
symphysis
is where
both pubic
bones join.
Upper Arm
•Humerus Lower Arm
•Ulna
•Radius
Hand and Fingers
•Carpals (wrist)
•Metacarpals (palm)
•Phalanges (fingers)
Lower leg Upper Leg
•Tibia (shin) •Femur
•Fibula
•Patella (kneecap)
Feet and Toes
•Tarsals
•Calcaneus (heel)
•Metatarsals
•Phalanges
Amphiarthroses Diarthroses
•Moves slightly •Moves freely
Joints
(articulations)
Synarthroses
•No movement
Tendons are bands of fibrous A joint lubricator
tissue that connect muscles (synovial fluid) helps
to bone. synovial joints move
Ligaments connect bones to easier.
other bones.
Movement occurs at joints with the assistance of
muscles, tendons and ligaments.
LABORATORY EXERCISE