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Diesmo, Primes

1) Prime numbers are positive integers greater than 1 that are only divisible by 1 and themselves. Composite numbers are integers greater than 1 that are divisible by more than two factors. 2) The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every integer greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime numbers. 3) This theorem means that every number has one and only one prime factorization, regardless of the order of the prime factors.

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48 views

Diesmo, Primes

1) Prime numbers are positive integers greater than 1 that are only divisible by 1 and themselves. Composite numbers are integers greater than 1 that are divisible by more than two factors. 2) The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every integer greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime numbers. 3) This theorem means that every number has one and only one prime factorization, regardless of the order of the prime factors.

Uploaded by

Aphriel Joy Diesmo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What are Prime Numbers and Composite Numbers?

Prime numbers are considered as the numbers which retain only two factors i.e. one and itself. It
implies that the number can be divided only by 1 and itself. All prime numbers are an odd number
apart from 2.

Composite numbers are those numbers that retain more than two factors. It implies that the number
except one and itself can be divided by other numbers also. Every non- prime number is a composite
number.

List of Prime Numbers from 1 to 100


2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23

29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61

67 71 73 79 83 89 97  

Composite Numbers

The integer which can be obtained by multiplying the two smallest positive numbers and includes at
least one divisor other than 1 is known as composite numbers. Composite numbers are neither a
prime number nor a unit.
For example- 4, 6, 8, 9, 10…… are composite numbers because they have more than two factors.

Types of Composite Numbers


1. Odd Composite Numbers
2. Even Composite Numbers

Odd Composite Numbers


Every odd integer which is not a prime number is known as odd composite numbers. For example – 9,
15,21,25,27 and 31 are odd composite numbers.

Even Composite Number


Every even integer which is not a prime number is known as even composite numbers. For example,
-4, 6,8,10, and 12 are even composite numbers.

List of Composite Numbers from 1 to 100


4 6 8 9 10 12 14 15 16 18  

2 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 30 32  
0

3 34 35 36 38 39 40 42 44 45  
3

4 49 50 51 52 54 55 56 57 58  
6

6 62 63 64 65 66 68 69 70 72  
0

7 75 76 77 78 80 81 82 85 86  
4
8 88 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 98 99 100
7

Prime Numbers
A prime number is a positive integer which has only two factors i.e. one and itself. It implies that the
number can be divided only by one and itself.
For example – 2, 3, 5, 7, 11….etc are some of the prime numbers

Prime Numbers Facts

  The number 2 is only an even prime number. Other even numbers can be divided by 2. So the
even numbers which can be divided by 2 are not a prime number.

 Zero and 1 are not a prime number

 The numbers o and 1 are neither considered as a prime number nor a composite number

 Not a single prime number greater than 5 ends with a 5. Since, any number greater than 5 that
ends with 5 can be easily divided by 5. So, it cannot be considered as a prime number.

Solved Examples
1. Find if Number 53 is Considered as a Prime Number or Not.
Solution: Factors of 53 are 1 and 53.

The number 53 is divided by only two numbers that are 1 and itself.
Hence, 53 is a prime number

2. Is 6 a Prime Number or Composite Number?


Solution: Factors of 6 are 1,2,3,6

6 can be easily divided by 1, 2, 3, and 6 itself

6 is a composite number as it can be divided by more than 2 numbers except 1 and itself.

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states that every integer greater than 1 is either a prime number
or can be expressed in the form of primes. In other words, all the natural numbers can be expressed
in the form of the product of its prime factors. To recall, prime factors are the numbers which are
divisible by 1 and itself only. For example, the number 35 can be written in the form of its prime
factors as:
35 = 7 × 5
Here, 7 and 5 are the prime factors of 35
Similarly, another number 114560 can be represented as the product of its prime factors by using
prime factorization method,
114560 = 27 × 5 × 179
So, we have factorized 114560 as the product of the power of its primes.

Check: Prime Factorization Method


Therefore, every natural number can be expressed in the form of the product of the power of its
primes. This statement is known as the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, unique factorization
theorem or the unique-prime-factorization theorem

Proof for Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

In number theory, a composite number is expressed in the form of the product of primes and this
factorization is unique apart from the order in which the prime factor occurs.
From this theorem we can also see that not only a composite number can be factorized as the
product of their primes but also for each composite number the factorization is unique, not taking
into consideration order of occurrence of the prime factors.
In simple words, there exists only a single way to represent a natural number by the product of prime
factors. This fact can also be stated as:
The prime factorization of any natural number is said to be unique for except the order of their
factors.
In general, a composite number “a” can be expressed as,
a = p1 p2 p3 ………… pn, where p1, p2, p3 ………… pn are the prime factors of a written in ascending
order i.e. p1≤p2≤p3 ………… ≤pn.
Writing the primes in ascending order makes the factorization unique in nature.

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