Getting Started Guide Keysight Agilent E4440a E4443a E4445a E4446a E4447a E4448a Spectrum Analyzers

Getting Started Guide
PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers
This manual provides documentation for the following instruments:
E4440A (3 Hz - 26.5 GHz)

E4443A (3 Hz - 6.7 GHz)
E4445A (3 Hz - 13.2 GHz)
E4446A (3 Hz - 44 GHz)
E4447A (3 Hz - 42.98 GHz)
E4448A (3 Hz - 50 GHz)
Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90608

Supersedes: June 2008
Printed in USA
November 2012
© Copyright 2001-2012 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Notice
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material,
including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors
contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the
furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual. Familiarize
yourself with the symbols and their meaning before operating this analyzer.
WARNING Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not

correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not
proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
CAUTION Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the analyzer.
Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
NOTE Note calls out special information for the user’s attention. It provides operational
information or additional instructions of which the user should be aware.
General Safety Information

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of
operation. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings
elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and
intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the
customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
WARNING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground
incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a
socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the
protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the
product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. (IEC 348 clauses
17.3.3c & 17.3.4)
2
CAUTION This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2
per IEC 61010 Second Edition and IEC 664 respectively.
WARNING If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.
WARNING No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.

To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers.
CAUTION The Mains wiring and connectors shall be compatible with the connector used in
the premise electrical system. Failure, to ensure adequate earth grounding by not
using the correct components may cause product damage, and serious injury
Additional Information
For the latest information about this analyzer, including firmware upgrades,
application information, and product information, see the following URL:
http://www.agilent.com/find/psa/
3
4
Contents
1. Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
AC Power Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Instrument Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Cleaning the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Connector Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Battery Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
If Option 117 is Loaded in Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Using an External Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Firmware Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Running Internal Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Printer Setup and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2. Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Front-Panel Connectors and Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Display Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Rear-Panel Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Key Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Front and Rear Panel Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3. Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Entering Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Using Menu Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Creating a User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Viewing a Signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4. Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Locating and viewing files in the catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Creating a directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Saving a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Step 1. Set up the analyzer trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Step 2. Save the file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Loading a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Renaming a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Copying a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Deleting a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Using the Alpha Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5
Contents
5. Options and Accessories

Ordering Options and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
50  Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
50 /75  Minimum Loss Pad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
AC Probe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
AC Probe (Low Frequency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Close-Field Probes (for EMC measurements with PSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Broadband Preamplifiers and Power Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
GPIB Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
USB/GPIB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
RF and Transient Limiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Power Splitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
RF Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
50  Transmission/Reflection Test Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Static Safe Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Noise Sources (for use with PSA Option 219) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6. In Case of Difficulty
Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Before Calling Agilent Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Check the Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Read the Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Service Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Calling Agilent Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Returning an Analyzer for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6
1 Installation and Setup
7
Installation and Setup
This chapter provides the following information that you may need when you first
receive your spectrum analyzer:
• “Initial Inspection” on page 9
• “Power Requirements” on page 11
• “Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time” on page 14
• “Running Internal Alignments” on page 18
• “Printer Setup and Operation” on page 19
• “Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge” on page 21
• “Safety Information” on page 22
Agilent
Technologies
Performance
Spectrum
Analyzer (PSA)
8 Chapter 1
Initial Inspection
Initial Inspection
Inspect the shipping container and the cushioning material for signs of stress.
Retain the shipping materials for future use, as you may wish to ship the analyzer
to another location or to Agilent Technologies for service. Verify that the contents
of the shipping container are complete. The following table lists the items shipped
with the analyzer.
Item Description
Accessories
IntuiLink Toolbar software, CD-ROM Provides a set of connectivity tools that enable you to easily move data
from your analyzer to your PC.
Power Cable Connection for power source.
USB Cable (Option 111 only) Connects PSA USB to USB on a PC, part number 8121-1074.
Adapter (E4446A, E4447A, and E4448A only) 2.4 mm(f) to K(f) front panel connector adapter, part number
1250-2187.
Adapter (E4446A, E4447A, and E4448A only) 2.4 mm(f) to 2.4 mm(f) front panel connector adapter, part number
1250-2188.
Agilent Automation-Ready CD Assists in quickly and properly connecting instruments to your PC,
part number E2094-60003. Includes: Agilent IO Libraries Suite,
Agilent VEE Pro, T&M Tool Kit, and Agilent IO Hardware
information.
Standard Documentation Set
Getting Started Guide Covers unpacking and setting up the analyzer, analyzer features, and
how to make a basic measurement. Includes information on options
and accessories, and what to do if you have a problem.
User’s and Programmer’s Reference Describes analyzer features in detail, including front-panel key
descriptions, basic spectrum analyzer programming information, and
SCPI command descriptions.
Measurement Guide Provides details on how to measure various signals, and how to use
catalogs and files.
Specifications Guide Documents specifications, safety, and regulatory information.
Instrument Messages and Functional Tests Includes instrument messages (and suggestions for troubleshooting
them), and manual functional tests.
Programming Conversion Guide Describes SCPI programming command compatibility for 8590, 8560,
8566, 8568, ESA/PSA series analyzers.
Documentation CD-ROM Includes the documents in the standard set (listed above). You can
view and print the information as needed. See the CD-ROM jacket for
installation information.
Chapter 1 9
Initial Inspection
NOTE If you purchased one or more optional measurement personalities, the related
guides for the options you ordered are included.
Service documentation is not included in the standard documentation set. See
“Options” on page 63 for information on ordering.
If There Is a Problem
If the shipping materials are damaged or the contents of the container are
incomplete:
• Contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office to arrange for repair or
replacement (see “Contacting Agilent Technologies” on page 78). You will not
need to wait for a claim settlement.
• Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.
• If you must return an analyzer to Agilent Technologies, use the original (or
comparable) shipping materials (see “Returning an Analyzer for Service” on
page 79).
10 Chapter 1
Power Requirements
Power Requirements
The only physical installation of your Agilent spectrum analyzer is a connection to
a power source.
Line voltage does not need to be selected.
This analyzer does not contain customer serviceable fuses.
WARNING Failure to ground the analyzer properly can result in personal injury. Before
turning on the analyzer, you must connect its protective earth terminals to the
protective conductor of the main power cable. Insert the main power cable
plug into a socket outlet that has a protective earth contact only. DO NOT
defeat the earth-grounding protection by using an extension cable, power
cable, or autotransformer without a protective ground conductor.
If you are using an autotransformer, make sure its common terminal is

connected to the protective earth contact of the power source outlet socket.
This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground

incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a
product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent spectrum analyzer from
mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to
clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.
CAUTION VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet, the

convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient
temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating
temperature of the product by 4C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If
the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced
convection must be used.
This analyzer has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is
within the specified range.
NOTE For detailed analyzer specifications, see the Specifications guide.
Chapter 1 11
Power Requirements
Table 1-1. Power Requirements
Description Specificationa
Voltage, Frequency 100 to 120 Vrms, 50/60/400 Hz

220 to 240 Vrms, 50/60 Hz
Power Consumption, On Base Fully Loaded

< 260 W < 450 W
Power Consumption, Standby < 20 W
a. For greater detail, refer to the Specifications Guide.
AC Power Cord
The analyzer is equipped with a three-wire power cord, in accordance with
international safety standards. This cable grounds the analyzer cabinet when
connected to an appropriate power line outlet. The cable appropriate to the original
shipping location is included with the analyzer.
NOTE The front panel switch is a standby switch only; it is not a LINE switch (power
disconnecting device).
WARNING Install the product so that the detachable power cord is readily identifiable
and easily reached by the operator. The detachable power cord is the product
disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply
before other parts of the product. The front panel switch is only a standby
switch and is not a LINE switch. Alternatively, an externally installed switch
or circuit breaker (which is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the
operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.
CAUTION Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this product. Failure to
ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord can cause product damage.
12 Chapter 1
Instrument Maintenance
Instrument Maintenance
Cleaning the Instrument
WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent Technologies E4440A

Series from mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened
with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.
Connector Care
CAUTION Cleaning connectors with alcohol shall only be done with the instruments power
cord removed, and in a well-ventilated area. Allow all residual alcohol moisture to
evaporate, and the fumes to dissipate prior to energizing the instrument.
Battery Information
The analyzer uses a Lithium Polycarbon Monofloride battery to power the
analyzer clock. The battery is located on the CPU board.
You can order the service documentation for Agilent spectrum analyzers through
your Agilent Sales and Service office. The documentation is described under
“Options” on page 63.
NOTE If the analyzer’s clock does not keep time when powered off, the problem is the
battery. See “Returning an Analyzer for Service” on page 79.
WARNING Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the
same or equivalent type recommended. Discard used batteries according to
the manufacturer’s instructions.
Chapter 1 13
Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

❏ Plug in the power cord.
WARNING If this product is to be energized through an external auto transformer for

voltage reduction, make sure that its common terminal is connected to a
neutral (earthed pole) of the power supply.
NOTE Do not connect anything else to the analyzer yet.
❏ Press the power switch (located in the lower left corner of the analyzer’s front
panel) to turn the analyzer on. See “Front Panel Overview” on page 24.
NOTE The instrument requires >2 minutes to complete the start-up routine.
Information An information screen appears during the initialization process. The information
Screen screen contains the analyzer product number and a URL for accessing product
support information on the Web. See “Additional Information” on page 3.
NOTE The information screen displays for approximately 10 seconds before the
initialization process is complete.
Record the firmware revision and serial number, and keep it for reference. If you
should ever need to call Agilent Technologies for service or with any questions
regarding your analyzer, it will be helpful to have this information readily
available. You can also obtain the firmware revision and serial number by pressing
System, More, Show System.
❏ If using LAN, set the IP address of the analyzer to an appropriate number for
your network; one that the network recognizes, but that is not yet in use.
(Consult your local IT group):
— Press System, Config I/O, and note the IP address.
— If the current address is not appropriate, press IP Address and use the
keypad to change it.
— Verify the subnet mask and gateway values. If necessary, change the values.
— Connect the LAN cable to the LAN connector located on the rear panel of
your analyzer (see “Rear-Panel Features” on page 29).
— Cycle the analyzer power.
NOTE It is necessary to cycle the power to the analyzer after plugging in the LAN for the
analyzer to recognize the network.
❏ Allow the spectrum analyzer to warm-up for 30 minutes before making a
14 Chapter 1
calibrated measurement. To meet its specifications, the analyzer must meet

operating temperature conditions.
NOTE It is normal to hear clicking when the Auto Alignment function is on. See
“Running Internal Alignments” on page 18 for more information.
Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory?

Many measurement personality options are available for use with this instrument.
If the option is loaded in the instrument, you must also have a license key entered,
to use it.
Some versions of instrument hardware may not have enough memory to
accommodate all the options that you have ordered. If this is the case you will need
to swap the applications in and out of memory, as needed. It may also be possible
to upgrade your hardware to have more memory. Contact your local sales or
service office.
If Option 117 is Loaded in Memory

If you ordered Option 117, the Secure Memory Erase option was loaded into the
memory of your instrument and licensed at the factory but not enabled. DO NOT
enable this option until you have fully configured your instrument (set the System,
Config I/O settings as needed, added or removed options and licenses, and
configured the power-up state you desire). After the security mode is enabled, the
main Flash memory becomes read-only, rather than read/write memory. This
makes it impossible to add or remove personalities or their license keys, or
otherwise change the instrument’s configuration, unless you do a System,
Security, Secure Erase All procedure. This procedure will render the instrument
inoperable. You will then need to run the upgrade procedure (on the Agilent Web
site) to reinstall the firmware and completely reconfigure your instrument. Refer to
“Managing Security” in Chapter 4 of the “User’s and Programmer’s Reference,
Volume 1.”
When you are satisfied with the configuration of your PSA analyzer, enable the
Secure Memory Erase option by pressing System, Security, Security, Enabled.
The security mode will then be enabled the next time the analyzer’s power is
cycled.
NOTE When Option 117 is present, the number of personalities that can be loaded into
memory is limited to 3 or 4.
Chapter 1 15
Using an External Reference

1. To use an external frequency reference, connect it to the EXT REF IN
connector on the rear panel (see “Rear-Panel Features” on page 29).
2. Enter the frequency of the external reference into the analyzer:
a. Press System, Reference, Freq Ref
b. Select the Ext function.
c. Use the keypad to enter the frequency of the external frequency reference.
16 Chapter 1
Firmware Revision
Firmware Revision
To view the firmware revision of your analyzer, press System, More,
Show System. If you call Agilent Technologies regarding your analyzer, it is
helpful to have this revision and the analyzer serial number available.
TIP You can get automatic electronic notification of new firmware releases and other
product updates/information by subscribing to the Agilent Technologies Test &
Measurement E-Mail Notification Service for the PSA Series at
http://www.agilent.com/find/notifyme
Chapter 1 17
Running Internal Alignments
Running Internal Alignments

Each time the analyzer is powered on, the internal alignment routine runs
automatically.
The analyzer was shipped from the factory with the Alignments mode set to Auto.
This setting enables the alignment routine to run automatically either every 24
hours, or when the internal analyzer temperature changes by 3C.
NOTE When the Alignment routine runs, you will hear the attenuator settings changing,
which generates noise. This is not an indication of trouble.
Manually Performing an Alignment

If Auto Align, Off is selected, refer to the Specifications guide for the conditions
required to maintain calibration.
NOTE For detailed information regarding the alignment routine (including how to run
alignments, and how the analyzer can alert you when alignments are required)
refer to the User’s guide for your analyzer.
18 Chapter 1
Printer Setup and Operation

A printer can be connected to your analyzer if it is equipped with an external I/O
interface. Supported printers accept Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language
Level 3 (PCL3) or 5 (PCL5). Refer to the documentation or specifications supplied
with your printer, or contact the manufacturer to identify your printer’s language.
Equipment
• IEEE 1284 compliant printer cable.
• Supported and tested printers are listed below. There are many PCL3/5 printers
that may work with your analyzer, however, they have not been tested.
— PCL3 printers include most HP DeskJet printers.
— PCL5 printers include most HP LaserJet printers.
NOTE The following printers are not compatible with your analyzer.
• HP Deskjet 720C, 722C, 820C and 1600C
• Epson MX-80, FX-85, Stylus, and LQ-570
Printer Models Language Type Color Capable
HP DeskJet 310, 320, 350C, 400L PCL3 yes
HP DeskJet 500C, 550C, 600, 660C, 672C, 680C, PCL3 yes

682C, 690C, 693C
HP DeskJet 840C, 850C, 870C, 890C, 895C PCL3 yes
HP DeskJet 935C, 970C, 990C PCL3 yes
HP DeskJet 1120C, 1150C PCL3 yes
HP Inkjet 2000C PCL 3 yes
HP LaserJet 4L, 4P, 4 Plus PCL3/5 no
HP LaserJet 5L, 5M, 5N, 5P, 5SI PCL3/5 no
HP LaserJet 6L, 6MP, 6P PCL5 no
HP LaserJet 2100 Series, PCL3/5 no
HP LaserJet 4050N PCL3/5 yes
HP LaserJet 5000GN PCL3/5 yes
HP Professional Series 2500CM PCL3 yes
HP Professional Series 2500CM PCL3 yes
Interconnection and Setup
Chapter 1 19
1. Turn off the printer and the analyzer.

2. Using an IEEE 1284 compliant parallel printer cable, connect the printer to the
analyzer parallel I/O interface connector on the rear panel (see “Rear-Panel
Features” on page 29).
3. Turn on the analyzer and printer.
4. On the front panel, press Print Setup, then press the Printer Setup menu key.
5. Select the printer language and color capability appropriate for your printer.
See the table above this section for a list of some compatible printers.
Testing Printer Operation

When you have completed the printer setup for the analyzer, press the front panel
Print key. If the printer is ready and the printer setup was successful, a printout of
the analyzer display will be printed. If the printer is not ready, the message
“Printer not responding” appears at the bottom of the screen.
NOTE There may be some small discrepancies in the color mapping of the analyzer
display to your color printer. Due to differences in display and printer
technologies, the default display colors do not map exactly to the printer colors.
For example trace 1 is yellow on your analyzer display while it maps to green on
your printer.
20 Chapter 1
Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge
Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components (the
possibility of unseen damage caused by ESD is present whenever components are
transported, stored, or used).
Test Equipment and ESD

To help reduce ESD damage that can occur while using test equipment:
• Before connecting any coaxial cable to an analyzer connector for the first time
each day, momentarily short the center and outer conductors of the cable
together.
• Personnel should be grounded with a 1 M resistor-isolated wrist-strap before
touching the center pin of any connector and before removing any assembly
from the analyzer.
• Be sure that all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent build-up of
static charge.
WARNING Do not use these first three techniques when working on circuitry with a
voltage potential greater than 500 volts.
• Perform work on all components or assemblies at a static-safe workstation.

• Keep static-generating materials at least one meter away from all components.
• Store or transport components in static-shielding containers.
• Always handle printed circuit board assemblies by the edges. This reduces the
possibility of ESD damage to components and prevent contamination of
exposed plating.
For information on ordering static-safe accessories, see “Accessories” on page 69.
Additional Information about ESD

For more information about ESD and how to prevent ESD damage, contact the
Electrostatic Discharge Association (http://www.esda.org). The ESD standards
developed by this agency are sanctioned by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI).
Chapter 1 21
Safety Information
Safety Information
WARNING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground
incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall be inserted only in a
product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.
22 Chapter 1
2 Front and Rear Panel Features
This chapter gives you an overview of the front and rear panels of your analyzer.
For details on analyzer keys and remote programming, refer to the User’s and
Programmer’s Reference. For connector specifications (including input and output
levels), see the Specifications guide.
23
Front and Rear Panel Features
Front Panel Overview

This section provides information on the analyzer’s front panel, including:
• Front Panel Connectors and Keys, see below
• “Display Annotations” on page 26
Front-Panel Connectors and Keys
Item
Description
# Name
1 AUDIO INPUT High-impedance input for audio signal path (Option 107). Maximum input: 7 Vrms,
20 Vdc.
2 Softkeys Menu labels identifying the current function of each softkey appear to the left of each key. Softkey
menus depend on the active menu. Also see “Using Menu Keys” on page 37.
3 ESC Key Exits any function without modifying the current parameters. Also blanks the active function
annotation and aborts the power-on alignments.
4 Control Keys Set parameters used for making measurements in the current measurement mode.
5 Measure Keys Select and set up specific measurements within the current application.
6 Mode Keys Select measurement mode and mode parameters.
7 System Keys Access features used with all analyzer modes and affect the state of the entire spectrum analyzer.
24 Chapter 2
Item
Description
# Name
8 Vol. Control/ Not currently implemented.

Earphones
9 PROBE PWR Supplies power for external high frequency probes and accessories (see “Accessories” on page 69).
10 Marker Keys Enable markers to obtain specific information about the displayed measurement
11 EXT TRIGGER Enables you to externally trigger measurements.

INPUT
12 POWER Turns the analyzer on. A green light indicates power on. A yellow light indicates standby mode.
ON/OFF
NOTE The front-panel switch is a standby switch, not a LINE switch

(disconnecting device); the analyzer continues to draw power even when
the line switch is in standby. Use the detachable power cord to disconnect
the analyzer from the mains supply.
13 Help Key Press the Help key, then any other key to get a short description of that key and the associated SCPI
command. The next key you press will remove the help window from the display.
14 Window Keys Next Window: On displays with multiple windows, changes the highlighted window that is currently
active.
Zoom: Zooms in on the highlighted window.
15 Navigation Move cursor between fields on the display.

Keys
16 Return Key Exits the current menu and returns to the previous menu.
17 Data Controls Change the numeric value of an active function. Entries appear in the active function area of the
display. Also see “Entering Data” on page 37.
18 Floppy Accepts a 3.5 inch 1.44 MB floppy disk.

Disk Drive
19 RF Input Input for an external signal. Make sure that the total power of all signals at the analyzer input does not
exceed +30 dBm (1 watt). The E4446A, E4447A, and E4448A input connector is 2.4 mm.
20 IF Input, 1st LO Allows connections for external mixing (Option AYZ)

Output
Chapter 2 25
Display Annotations
Ite Description Associated Function Keys

m
1 Detector typea Det/Demod, Detector
2 Reference level Amplitude, Ref Level
3 Active function block Refer to the description of the activated function.
4 Screen title Display, Title
5 Time and date display System, Time/Date
6 RF attenuationa Amplitude, Attenuation
7 Display line Display, Display Line
8 Marker Marker
9 Active marker with frequency and amplitude Marker

displayed
26 Chapter 2

m
10 Remote operation annunciators System [LOCAL] Also see programming documentation
O - indicates USB connected; flashing

green center indicates bus activity
R - remote operation
L - GPIB listen
T - GPIB talk
S - GPIB SRQ
11 Data invalid indicator Asterisk (*) means some or all trace data may not match annotation
due to possible analyzer setting changes.
12 Status message area Displays status messages (see “Types of Spectrum Analyzer
Messages” on page 75).
13 Key menu title Dependent on menu selection.
14 Softkey menu Softkey labels
15 Frequency span or stop frequency Span or Frequency, Stop Freq
16 Sweep timea Sweep, Sweep Time
17 Video bandwidtha BW, Video BW
18 Frequency offset Frequency, Freq Offset
19 Display status line Displays informational and error messages (see “Types of Spectrum
Analyzer Messages” on page 75).
20 Resolution bandwidtha BW, Res BW
21 Center frequency or start frequency Frequency, Center Freq or Start Freq
22 Internal preamp Amplitude, Int Preamp
23 Auto alignment routine status System, Alignments, Auto align

(If auto alignment is off, no indicator appears)
AA: auto alignment of all analyzer AL: analyzer alerts you when
parameters. alignment is needed.
24 Trigger or Trace Trig or Trace/Avg
Trigger & sweep modes: Trace modes:

F: free-run trigger W: clear-write
X: external (front) trigger S: store blank
R: external (rear) trigger m: minimum hold
L: line trigger M: maximum hold
V: video trigger V: view
C: continuous sweep 1: trace 1
S: single sweep 2: trace 2
3: trace 3
Chapter 2 27

m
25 Averagea Trace/Avg, Average: The number VAvg: voltage average

shown indicates current average LgAv: log power average
number. PAvg power average
26 Display line annotation Display, Display Line
27 Amplitude offset Amplitude, Ref Lvl Offst
28 Amplitude scale Amplitude, Scale Type or Amplitude, Scale/Div
29 Phase noise optimizationa Auto Couple, PhNoise Opt
Phase noise can be optimized for:

f<50k: frequencies less than 50 kHz from carrier.
f>50k: frequencies greater than 50 kHz from carrier.
FTun: LO for fast tuning.
30 Sweep typea Sweep, Sweep Type
31 Signal track Frequency, Signal Track
Could also be CP (Continuous Peak) Peak Search, Continuous Pk
a. This function can be auto-coupled. A pound (#) symbol in front of this annotation indicates an
uncoupled function.
28 Chapter 2
Rear-Panel Features
Rear-Panel Features
Item Description
# Name
1 NOISE SOURCE Provides 28 V to drive a noise source. Used on Option 219 Noise Figure personality.
DRIVE OUT
+28 V (PULSED)
2 PRESEL TUNE Outputs tuning voltage for preselected harmonic mixer.

OUT
3 10 MHz OUT A switched output of the analyzer’s internal 10 MHz frequency reference signal used to lock the
(SWITCHED) frequency reference of other test equipment to the analyzer.
4 EXT REF IN Input for a 1 to 30 MHz external frequency reference signal.
5 321.4 MHz IF Provides 321.4 MHz IF output. Not available on E4447A.

Out
6 TRIGGER 1 OUT A trigger output used to synchronize other test equipment with the analyzer. Trigger 1 is the
High=Sweeping (HSWP) signal.
7 TRIGGER 2 IN Allows external triggering of measurements.
8 VIDEO OUT Provides a y-axis video out signal. Note that this signal is not available when gating is being used
(Option 124).
9 21.4 MHz IF OUT Provides 21.4 MHz IF output (Option HB2). Not available on E4447A.
Or,
provides 21.4 MHz IF out Option HYX, which is available for all PSA models including
E4447A.
10 USB Port Provides USB interface (Option 111). USB device side I/O only.
Chapter 2 29
Rear-Panel Features
Item Description
# Name
11 KYBD Enables connection of an external PS-2 keyboard using a 6-pin mini-DIN connector. Always turn
off power before plugging in keyboard.
This feature not fully implemented. Currently used only for firmware upgrades.
12 Line power The AC power connection. Also see “Power Requirements” on page 5.
input
13 GPIB Allows the connection of a General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB, IEEE 488.1) cable, which
enables remote analyzer operation.
14 LAN A TCP/IP Interface.

Also see “Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time” on page 11 for information on setting the
IP address.
For information on using the analyzer remotely, refer to the User’s and Programmer’s Reference.
15 TRIGGER 2 OUT A trigger output used to synchronize other test equipment with the analyzer. Reserved for future
applications.
16 PARALLEL Supports remote printing (Printing is supported only from the parallel port).
17 70 MHZ IF OUT Provides 70 MHz IF output (Option H70). Not available on E4447A.
Other IF output options may occupy this rear-panel location.
18 MONITOR Allows connection of an external VGA monitor.
19 RS-232 Allows connection of a PC, printer, or modem.

This feature is not fully implemented.
20 HNQ IN These features are only available when special options are installed.
H7L IN Requires a BNC jumper cable from the rear-panel “321.4 MHz IF Out” to one of these inputs,
H70 IN depending on the option. Not available on E4447A.
30 Chapter 2
Key Overview
Key Overview
The keys labeled FREQUENCY Channel, System, and Marker are all examples
of front-panel keys. The front-panel keys are dark gray, light gray, green, or white
in color. Front-panel keys that are white perform an immediate action rather than
bringing up a menu. The only green key is the Preset key, which performs an
analyzer reset (A summary of all front panel keys and their related menu keys can
be found in user’s guide for your analyzer). Pressing most of the dark or light gray
front-panel keys accesses menus of functions that are displayed along the right side
of the display. These are called menu keys.
Menu keys list functions other than those accessed directly by the front panel keys.
To activate a menu key function, press the key immediately to the right of the
annotation on the screen. The menu keys that are displayed depend on which
front-panel key is pressed and which menu level is enabled.
If a menu key function’s value can be changed, it is called an active function. The
function label of the active function is highlighted after that key has been selected.
For example, press AMPLITUDE Y Scale. This calls up the menu of related
amplitude functions. Note the function labeled Ref Level (the default selected key
in the Amplitude menu) is highlighted. Ref Level also appears in the active
function block, indicating that it is the active amplitude function and can now be
changed using any of the data entry controls.
A menu key with On and Off in its label can be used to turn the menu key’s
function on or off. To turn the function on, press the menu key so that On is
underlined. To turn the function off, press the menu key so that Off is underlined.
In the manual, when On should be underlined, it will be indicated as Function
(On).
A function with Auto and Man in the label can either be auto-coupled or have its
value manually changed. The value of the function can be changed manually using
the numeric keypad, knob, or step keys. To auto-couple a function, press the menu
key so that Auto is underlined.
In some key menus, one key label will always be highlighted to show which key
has been selected. For example, when you press Marker, you will access a menu of
keys in which some of the keys are grouped together by a blue bar on the left side
of the menu. The Normal key, which is the Marker menu default key, will be
highlighted. When you press another key within the blue bar region, such as Delta,
the highlight will move to that key to show it has been selected.
Chapter 2 31
Key Overview
In other key menus, one key label will always be highlighted to show which key
has been selected but the menu is immediately exited when a selection is made.
For example, when you press the Orientation key (on the Print Setup menu), it
will bring up its own menu of keys. The Portrait key, which is the Orientation
menu default key, will be highlighted. When you press the Landscape key, the
highlight will move to that key to show it has been selected and the screen will
return to the Print Setup menu.
The arrow keys located below the analyzer display (sometimes referred to as Tab
keys) can be used to navigate within tables, for example the Limit-Line table.
These keys are used to move between rows. The Left-arrow key moves up, while
the right-arrow key moves down. While navigating through the table, the cursor
(inverse video highlight) stays in the same column. Navigating left or right in the
table is accomplished by choosing the desired field using the front-panel keys.
32 Chapter 2
Front and Rear Panel Symbols

This symbol is used to indicate power ON (green LED).
This symbol is used to indicate power STANDBY mode (yellow

LED).
This symbol is used to indicate the ON position of the power

button.
This symbol is used to indicate the OFF position of the power

button.
This symbol indicates the input power required is AC.
The instruction documentation symbol. The product is marked

with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to
instructions in the documentation.
The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European
Community. This product complies with all relevant directives.
The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the

Australian/New Zealand Spectrum Management Agency. This
product complies with all relevant EMC regulations.
This is a marking of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group
1 Class A product, and to indicate product compliance with the
Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Standard
(ICES-001).
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of CSA International.
This product complies with all relevant safety requirements.
This product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC)

marking requirements. The affixed label indicates that you must
not discard this electrical/ electronic product in domestic
household waste.
Product Category: With reference to the equipment types in the
WEEE Directive Annex I, this product is classed as a
"Monitoring and Control instrumentation" product.
Do not dispose in domestic household waste.
To return unwanted products, contact your local Agilent
office, or see http://www.agilent.com/environment/product/
for more information.
Chapter 2 33
Indicates the time period during which no hazardous or toxic

substance elements are expected to leak or deteriorate during
normal use. Forty years is the expected useful life of the
product.
Hipot Indicates that the product passes dielectric strength hipot test.
This equipment is Class A suitable for professional use and is for use
in electromagnetic environments outside of the home.
Packaging
This symbol on all primary and secondary packaging indicates
compliance to China standard GB 18455-2001.
34 Chapter 2
3 Making a Basic Measurement
This chapter provides information on basic analyzer operation. For more

information on making measurements, see the measurement guide for your
analyzer.
35
Making a Basic Measurement
This chapter is divided into the following sections:

• “Using the Front Panel” on page 37
• “Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer” on page 38
• “Viewing a Signal” on page 39
CAUTION Ensure that the total power of all signals at the analyzer RF input does not exceed
+30 dBm (1 watt).
Basic Assumption
The material in this chapter is presented with the assumption that you understand
the front and rear panel layout, and display annotations of your analyzer. If you do
not, refer to “Front and Rear Panel Features” on page 23.
NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer models, you
may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.
36 Chapter 3
Using the Front Panel
Using the Front Panel
Entering Data
When setting measurement parameters, there are several ways to enter or modify
the value of the active function:
Knob Increments or decrements the current value.
Arrow Keys Increments or decrements the current value.
Numeric Keypad Enters a specific value. Then press the desired terminator (either a unit
softkey, or the Enter key).
Unit Softkeys Terminate a value that requires a unit-of-measurement.
Enter Key Terminates an entry when either no unit of measure is needed, or you want to
use the default unit.
Using Menu Keys

Menu Keys (which appear along the right side of the display) provide access to
many analyzer functions. Here are examples of menu key types:
Toggle Allows you to activate or deactivate states.
Example: Toggles the selection (underlined choice) each

Signal Track
time you press the key.
On Off
Submenu Displays a new menu of softkeys.
Example: A submenu key allows you to view a new menu of

Catalog softkeys related to the submenu key category.
Choice Allows you to make a selection from a list of values.
Example: A choice key displays the currently selected

Y Axis Units
submenu choice, in this example, dBm. When the
dBm
choice is made, the submenu automatically
returns.
Adjust Highlights the softkey and sets the active function.
Examples: Press this type of key and enter a value.

CF Step
13.2550000 GHz
Attenuation The default for softkeys with an automatic (Auto)

10.00 dB or manual (Man) choice is automatic. After you
Auto Man enter a value, the selection changes to manual.
You can also press the softkey twice to change to
manual.
Chapter 3 37
Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer
Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer

Preset provides a known starting point for making measurements. The analyzer has
three types of preset:
Factory Preset Restores the analyzer to its factory-defined state.
User Preset Restores the analyzer to a user-defined state.
Mode Preset This type of preset restores the currently selected mode to a
known state.
For details, see the User’s and Programmer’s Reference.
When Preset Type is set to Factory, pressing the green Preset key triggers a
factory preset. When Preset Type is set to User, pressing Preset displays the
softkeys Factory Preset, User Preset, and Mode Preset (if applicable); you then
select the preset you want. If Preset Type is set to Mode, but a personality is not
installed, pressing Preset triggers a factory preset.
Creating a User Preset

If you constantly use settings which are not the factory defaults, use the following
steps to create a user-defined preset:
1. Set analyzer parameters as desired.
2. Press System, Power On/Preset, Save User Preset to set the current
parameters as the user preset state.
3. Press Preset to select User in the same softkey menu to enable user preset as
an option.
Disabling User Preset

Go to the Power On/Preset menu (press System, Power On/Preset) and select a
Preset Type of Factory or Mode.
38 Chapter 3
Viewing a Signal
Viewing a Signal
1. Press Preset. If the softkeys Factory Preset and User Preset appear, select
Factory Preset.
2. Press System, Reference, then note the 10 MHz Out setting. If Off is active
(underlined), press the softkey to toggle the reference on.
3. Connect the analyzer’s rear panel 10 MHz OUT (SWITCHED) to the front-panel
input.
Setting Reference Level and Center Frequency
NOTE The display examples in this section are made using various analyzer models, you
4. Set the reference level to 10 dBm: Press AMPLITUDE, 10, dBm.

5. Set the center frequency to 30 MHz: Press FREQUENCY, Center
Freq, 30, MHz.
The 10 MHz reference signal spectrum appears on the display, as shown in

Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1 10 MHz Internal Reference Signal and Associated Spectrum
10 MHz
Chapter 3 39
Viewing a Signal
Setting Frequency Span

6. Set the frequency span to 50 MHz: Press SPAN, 5, 0, MHz.
This displays the signal as shown in Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2 Span Changed to 50 MHz

10 MHz
Reading Frequency & Amplitude

7. Place a marker (labeled 1) on the 10 MHz peak, as shown in Figure 3-3.
Press Peak Search.
The frequency and amplitude of the marker appears both in the active function
block, and in the upper-right corner of the screen. You can use the knob, the
arrow keys, or the softkeys in the Peak Search menu to move the marker.
Pressing Esc removes the value from the display.
8. If you have moved the marker, return it to the peak of the 10 MHz signal.
Changing Reference Level

9. Press AMPLITUDE. The reference level (Ref Level) is now the active
function. Press Marker Mkr  Ref Lvl.
Changing the reference level changes the amplitude value of the top graticule
line.
Figure 3-4 shows the relationship between the center frequency and the
reference level. The box represents the analyzer display. Changing the center
frequency changes the horizontal placement of the signal on the display.
Changing the reference level changes the vertical placement of the signal on
40 Chapter 3
Viewing a Signal
the display. Increasing the span increases the frequency range that appears
horizontally across the display.
Figure 3-3 A Marker on the 10 MHz Peak

Active function Marker
Figure 3-4 Relationship Between Frequency and Amplitude
Improving Frequency Accuracy

10. While not all of the zeros following the decimal in the active function block are
Chapter 3 41
Viewing a Signal
significant, the numbers after the decimal in the marker annotation (upper-right
corner of screen) are significant. To increase the accuracy of the frequency
reading in the marker annotation, turn on the frequency count function.
a. Press Mkr Fctn.
• The Marker Fctn softkeys appear.
b. Press Marker Count.
• The Marker Count softkeys appear.
The condition of the softkey Marker Count On Off. If Off is underlined, press
the softkey to toggle marker count on.
As shown in Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6:
• The marker annotation changes from Mkr1 to Cntr1.
• The displayed resolution in the marker annotation improves.
NOTE When you use the frequency count function, if the ratio of the resolution
bandwidth to the span is less than 0.002, the following message appears on the
display: Freq Count: Reduce Span/RBW ratio
This indicates that the resolution bandwidth is too narrow.
11. Press Marker ➞, Mkr ➞ CF to move the 10 MHz peak to the center of the
display.
Valid Marker Count Range

12. Move the marker down the skirt of the 10 MHz peak. Although the readout in
the active function changes, as long as the marker is at least 26 dB above the
noise, the counted value (upper-right corner of display) does not change (see
Figure 3-6). For an accurate count, the marker does not have to be at the exact
peak.
NOTE Marker count functions properly only on CW signals or discrete peaks. For a valid
reading, the marker must be 26 dB above the noise.
13. Press BW/Avg, Res BW, then enter a new value. This action makes the
resolution bandwidth the active function and allows you to experiment with
different resolution bandwidth (RBW) values.
14. Press Marker, Off to turn the marker off.
NOTE After properly setting the analyzer to display your signal, you can save the settings
as either a user preset (press System, Power On/Preset, Save User Preset), or to a
file (see “Saving a File” on page 51).
42 Chapter 3
Viewing a Signal
Figure 3-5 Increasing Marker Frequency Accuracy
Frequency Count
increases accuracy
Figure 3-6 Using Marker Counter
Chapter 3 43
Viewing a Signal
44 Chapter 3
4 Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files
The analyzer stores and retrieves data in a way that is similar to the way that a
personal computer (PC) does. They both have internal storage and a diskette drive.
While a PC has an internal drive, the analyzer’s internal storage is nonvolatile
(flash) memory, which acts as an internal drive. As with a PC, both the internal
storage and the diskette drive have directory and sub-directory capability.
45
Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files
This chapter tells you how to:

• locate catalogs and view files, on page 47.
• save a file, on page 51.
For more information on catalogs and files, see the Measurement guide.
46 Chapter 4
File Menu Functions
File Menu Functions

This chapter describes how to use the functions located under the front-panel File
key. Data storage and retrieval are handled similarly to that of personal computers
(PCs). Like PCs, these analyzers include an internal storage drive and a diskette
drive, both of which have directory and sub-directory capability.
You will learn how to do all of the following:
• locate and view files in the catalog
• save a file
• load a file
• rename a file
• copy a file
• delete a file
NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer models, you
Locating and viewing files in the catalog

Techniques for locating files and directories are consistent throughout the various
file menu functions. Although this section provides specific information about
navigation in the catalog, you may wish to refer back to this section when
performing other operations of the file menu.
NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported into other
applications or converted. If you require the use of other applications, for example
Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel, be sure to save your files as .gif or .wmf
formats using Screen for your file Type. Comma separated value (csv) files can
also be imported into Microsoft Excel.
Chapter 4 47
File Menu Functions
Press File, Catalog to bring up a screen display as shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1 Catalog Menu
NOTE Use the front-panel Step Keys or Knob and the Dir Up or Dir Select keys to move
up and down within the directory information box.
1. The entry fields show the parameters for the files viewed. Entry fields that are
being modified or are modifiable are indicated by highlighting (inverse video).
Each file menu function has its own unique set of entry fields pertaining to that
function. Below are the fields listed under the catalog key:
a. Name: field states the filename.
b. Show Type: field displays the type of files viewed.
c. Path: field displays the drive and directory location of the files.
2. The directory information box displays the drives, directories, and/or files
currently described in the entry fields. Highlighting a row of information
selects that location and updates the entry fields. There are four column
headings in this area of the display. They are described as follows:
a. Name: column states the drive ([-A-] or [-C-]) if at the top level on the
drive, directory name, or filename.
48 Chapter 4
File Menu Functions
b. Type: column displays the extension of the filename, for example, .STA
or .TRC. Directories are displayed as DIR and drives have nothing listed
under Type:. They are only designated by the Name: column ([-A-] or
[-C-]).
c. Size: column displays the size of the file in bytes.
d. Modified: column displays the date and time the last change occurred.
3. The softkey menu has four options:
a. Type: allows you to choose the type of file you wish to view. (You may
view all types by using the All key under Type.
b. Sort: you can sort by any of the four columns and you can choose up
(ascending) or down (descending).
c. Dir Up: moves you up one directory level. If you are already at the top level,
this key moves you up to the drive level, displaying the available diskette
drives.
d. Dir Select: moves you down into the highlighted directory or up into the
next level (directory or drive) if the “. .” under the Name: column is
highlighted.
NOTE Navigation keys: Use the front-panel Step Keys or Knob and the Dir Up or Dir
Select keys to move around in the directory information box.
4. The drive space line shows the number of bytes used on the drive and the
number of bytes still free on the drive.
Creating a directory
Directories and sub-directories can be created on both the A: diskette and the
internal C: drive. This allows maximum flexibility in organizing files. For this
example, we will create a directory on the C: drive.
1. Press File, More 1 of 2, Create Dir. Your screen should look similar to Figure
4-1except the entry fields will be Dir Name: and Path: and the Heading will
read: Directories.
2. Navigate through the file system until the Path: field displays C:\. (Use the
Step Keys, Knob, Dir Up, and/or Dir Select keys.)
3. Press Name and enter the name, “START” using the Alpha Editor. (The
numeric keypad is also available for the filename.) Press Enter (hardkey) when
the Dir Name: field contains this directory title. (Use the Bk Sp hardkey on
the front panel to make corrections.)
Chapter 4 49
File Menu Functions
4. Press Create Dir Now to execute the operation. The message: Creating
Directory appears on the screen. Then the status bar displays: Directory
C:\START created.
5. To make a sub-directory, scroll down to the START directory you just created
and press Dir Select. The Path: field should now read: C:\START\. Repeat
Steps 3 and 4 above, using a new name. The status bar now should read:
Directory C:\START\new name created.
50 Chapter 4
Saving a File
Saving a File
You can save files (setups, states, traces, limits, corrections, measurement results,
or screens) to a diskette (A:\), or the internal drive (C:\). In this example you will
save a trace to the internal C: drive.
formats using Screen for your file Type.
Step 1. Set up the analyzer trace

1. Perform a factory preset by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).
2. Turn on the internal 50 MHz alignment signal of the analyzer as follows:
• Press Input/Output, Input Port, Amptd Ref.
3. Set the center frequency to 50 MHz by pressing FREQUENCY, Center Freq,
50, MHz.
4. Set the span to 75 MHz by pressing SPAN, Span, 75, MHz. The reference
signal will appear on the display.
5. View trace 1 and put it into maximum hold by pressing View/Trace, Max Hold.
(Trace 1 should already by underlined, but if not, press Trace 1 2 3 until 1 is
underlined and then press Max Hold.) Your analyzer display should look
similar to Figure 4-2.
Chapter 4 51
Saving a File
Figure 4-2 Viewing Trace 1
6. Activate trace 2 and put it into minimum hold by pressing Trace (2), Min Hold.
Your analyzer display should look similar to Figure 4-3.
Figure 4-3 Viewing Traces 1 and 2
7. Activate trace 3 by pressing Trace (3), Clear Write. Your analyzer display
should look similar to Figure 4-4.
52 Chapter 4
Saving a File
Figure 4-4 Viewing Traces 1, 2, and 3
Step 2. Save the file

1. To access the Save menu, press, File, Save.
2. Select the type of file you want to save. In this example you are saving a trace;
press Type, Trace.
formats using Screen for your file Type. Comma separated value (csv) files can
also be imported into Microsoft Excel.
3. Select the trace you wish to save (1, 2, 3, or all traces). In this example you will
save trace 3; press Source (softkey in the Save menu), Trace 3.
4. Select the format you wish to use for saving the trace, either trace plus state
(Trace + State) or comma separated value (CSV). In this example you will
save as trace plus state; press Format, Trace + State.
5. Enter a filename by pressing Name. The Alpha Editor appears. For this
example you will name the file, “TEST1”. (The numeric keypad is also
available for the filename.) The file extension is always set by the system and
for this file type the extension is TRC. You must now press the Enter (hardkey)
to get back to the Save menu.
NOTE You need to use a filename that does not already exist in the current directory. The
Chapter 4 53
Saving a File
filename is limited to eight characters, alpha (A-Z) or numeric (0-9) in any

combination. The analyzer will not allow you to overwrite an existing file. If you
select a filename that already exists, the status bar will display the message: File
already exists. If you do not choose a filename, the analyzer will
automatically generate a name based on the type of file you are saving (Setup:
SETUP, State: STATE, Trace: TRACE, Limits: LIMIT, Corrections: COREC, Screen:
SCREN). It also generates a three digit integer (starting at 000 and extending
through 999, remembering the previously saved value through a power cycle)
which it adds to the name, for example: TRACE056.TRC. This three digit integer
increments upon each attempted save until a unique filename is created, without
regard to the success of the save.
6. The destination for the saved file is shown in the Path: field. In this example,
you will select the path as C:\START\. If the correct location is not listed in
the Path: field, change directories as follows:
a. Press Dir Up or Dir Select and use the step keys or knob, to highlight the
desired destination directory.
b. Press Dir Select and confirm your choice displayed in the Path: field.
7. Press Save Now or Save (hardkey) to save the file to the C:\Start\ location.
The message Saving Now is displayed during this operation. For this
example, the status line displays: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file saved.
NOTE When saving to drive (A:), never remove the diskette during the save operation. To
do so could corrupt all data on the diskette.
54 Chapter 4
Saving a File
Loading a file
1. Reset the analyzer by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).
2. To access the Load menu, press File, Load.
3. Select the type of file you want to load (setup, state, trace, limits, or
corrections). In this example you are loading a trace file; press Type, Trace.
NOTE Not all file types can be loaded back into the analyzer. For example, Screen files
and CSV (comma separated value) files cannot be loaded. CSV and Screen files
are designed for use with a PC.
4. Select the directory where your file is located. In this example, select the
C:\START\ directory. (Use the front-panel step keys, knob, Dir Up, and/or Dir
Select keys to locate the directory.)
5. Select the file you want to load into the analyzer by moving the cursor with the
front-panel knob to highlight the file name. In this example, the file is
TEST1.TRC. Select the trace into which you wish to load the file. In this
example, load it into Trace 2. (Destination, Trace 2).
6. Press Load Now to load the specified file. Your display should look similar to
Figure 4-5. The status bar reads: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file loaded.
Figure 4-5 File Loaded
Chapter 4 55
Saving a File
NOTE You should notice that the trace you saved, in this example trace 3, is loaded to
trace 2. If you wish to verify this condition, remove the signal input. Press
Input/Output, Input Port, Amptd Ref (Off).
When a trace is loaded, it is placed in view mode. To see that trace 2 is in view
mode, blank traces 1 and 3 by pressing View/Trace, Trace 1, Blank, Trace 3,
Blank. Then press Trace 2. Notice that trace 2 is the only trace displayed in view
mode (the view key is selected, and the trace is not sweeping). Your display should
look similar to Figure 4-6.
Figure 4-6 Verifying Trace 1
CAUTION When operating in DC coupled mode, ensure protection of the input mixer by
limiting the input level to 0 Vdc and +30 dBm.
NOTE When loading Limits files, be sure you have selected the appropriate X-Axis
Units: frequency or time (Display, Limits, Properties, X Axis Units). If you are in
time X-Axis Units, and you load frequency limits, all current limit line data will be
erased and the analyzer will switch to the frequency domain. The reverse of the
this situation also holds true.
56 Chapter 4
Saving a File
Renaming a File
1. To access the Rename menu, press File, Rename.
2. Select the type of file you want to rename (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or
corrections). In this example you are renaming a trace file; press Type, Trace.
3. Select the drive and directory where your file is located. In this example,
choose drive C:\START.
4. Select the file you want to rename. In this example, choose the file
TEST1.TRC.
5. Press Name to open the Alpha Editor menu. For this example, rename the file
to RENAME using the Alpha Editor softkeys. (The Name: field is limited to
eight characters.) Your display should look similar to Figure 4-7.
6. Press Enter, Rename Now: your file is now renamed and visible within the
directory displayed on your analyzer. The status line displays the message:
C:\START\TEST1.TRC file renamed to C:\START\RENAME.TRC.
Figure 4-7 Renaming a File
Chapter 4 57
Saving a File
Copying a File
1. To access the Copy menu, press File, Copy. This menu function brings up 2
directory boxes as described by the From: and To: fields located directly
above the boxes. Refer to Figure 4-8.
Figure 4-8 Copy Menu
2. Put a formatted diskette in the A: drive.

3. Select the type of file you want to copy (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or
corrections). In this example you are copying a trace file from the C: drive to
the A: drive; press, Type, Trace.
4. Press Dir (in the key menu) to underline From:. Notice the From: field (just
above the top directory box) highlights the location from which you will be
copying. Using the navigation keys (Dir Up, Direct select, step keys, or front
panel knob), locate the C:\START\ directory.
5. Scroll to highlight the file displayed in the directory box from which you wish
to copy. In this example, you will need to highlight the file RENAME.
6. Press Dir (in the key menu) to underline To:. The To: field (just above the
bottom directory box) is highlighting the location to which you will be copying.
Using the navigation keys as described above, highlight the A:\ drive.
NOTE When pressing Dir (To), the file chosen in the From: location is no longer
highlighted, however the Name: field above the From directory box displays the
chosen file; in this example: RENAME.TRC.
58 Chapter 4
Saving a File
NOTE Highlighting a filename in the To: directory box has no significance. The file
cannot be placed inside another file.
7. Press Copy Now to execute the operation. The message: “Copying file” is
displayed during the copying process. Upon completion, the status bar reads:
“C:\START\RENAME.TRC file copied”. You have now copied the file
RENAME from the C: drive to the A: drive.
Deleting a File
1. To access the Delete menu, press File, Delete.
2. Select the type of file you want to delete (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or
corrections). In this example, you are deleting a trace file; press Type, Trace.
3. Select the drive and directory where the file you wish to delete is located. In
this example, choose C:\START\. Use the navigation keys (Dir Up, Dir
Select, step keys, front panel knob) to highlight this location in the Path:
field. (Refer to “Locating and viewing files in the catalog” on page 47 for more
instructions.)
4. Select the file you want to delete. In this example, choose the file
RENAME.TRC. Move the cursor with the navigation keys to highlight the file
name.
5. Press Delete Now. The message: Deleting file pops up on the display
during the operation. Upon completion, the status bar reads:
C:\START\RENAME.TRC file deleted. Your file is now deleted and is no
longer visible in the directory displayed on your analyzer.
Chapter 4 59
Using the Alpha Editor
Using the Alpha Editor

The Alpha Editor enables you to select letters to enter a name for a file or directory
(File, Rename, for example).
1. Use the More keys to display the softkey that lists the character you want. Each
softkey has several characters on it.
2. When you press a softkey, its characters are displayed on individual softkeys.
3. Select the one you want.
4. Digits are entered using the front panel numeric key pad.
60 Chapter 4
5 Options and Accessories
This chapter lists options and accessories available for your analyzer.
61
Options and Accessories
Ordering Options and Accessories
Ordering Options and Accessories

Options and accessories help you configure the analyzer for your specific
applications, and enable you to use the analyzer.
Options (see page 63)

Unless specified otherwise, all options are available when you order a spectrum
analyzer; some options are also available as kits that you can order and install after
you receive the analyzer. Order kits through your local Agilent Sales and Service
Office.
For the latest information on Agilent Spectrum Analyzer options and upgrade kits,
go to:
http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades
Accessories (see page 69)

Order accessories through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office.
62 Chapter 5
Options
Options
Option
Name Description
Number
The documentation CD-ROM contains the standard documentation set as

0B0 Manual Set on CD-ROM Only
well as Adobe Acrobat Reader with Search.
Additional Manual Set An additional set of the standard documentation shipped with the analyzer.
0B1 See “Initial Inspection” on page 9 for information about the standard
documentation set.
Service Documentation The Service guide describes assembly-level troubleshooting procedures,

0BW
provides a parts list, and documents post-repair procedures.
Rack Mount Kit Includes rack mount flanges and hardware. Used to rack mount analyzers
1CM
without front handles (available as P/N 5063-9215).
1CN Front Handle Kit Available as P/N 5063-9228.
Rack Mount Kit with Handles Includes the parts necessary to rack mount an analyzer with front handles
1CP
attached (available as P/N 5063-9222). (Includes handles.)
Rack Slide Kit Available as P/N E4406-60115. Rack slides allow the analyzer to be pulled
1CR
out while the analyzer is secured to the rack.
1DS Preamplifier An internal preamplifier assembly. Not required when Option 110 is
installed. Option 110 cannot be installed if Option 1DS is installed.
Frequency Range: 100 kHz to 3 GHz
015 6 GHz Measurement Accessory Includes accessories necessary to set up return loss and loss/gain
Kit measurements. Used with Option 215.
107 Audio Input, 100 k Audio signal analysis capability that works with the Option 233 Measuring
Receiver System. Available in all models. Option 107 cannot be installed if
Option 122 or 140 is installed.
Requires Option 233.
110 RF/W Internal Preamplifier An internal preamplifier assembly that covers all frequency bands.
Available in all models. Option 110 cannot be installed if Option 1DS is
installed.
Frequency Range: 10 MHz to 50 GHz
111 USB Device Side I/O Interface Provides a rear-panel USB interface connector (device side I/O only).
115 512 Mb User Memory Provides additional memory to accommodate a greater number of
applications. Available in all models. Option 115 cannot be installed if
Option 117 is installed.
Chapter 5 63
Options
Option
Name Description
Number
117 Secure Memory Erase Provides the ability to quickly and easily perform a security erase, deleting
all user-stored data, without affecting the usability of the analyzer. Option
117 cannot be installed if Option 115 is installed.
122 80 MHz Bandwidth Digitizer Adds an alternative 80 MHz wide IF path for making measurements.
Cannot be installed if Option 107 is installed. Additional measurement
Not available
accuracy can be achieved using the External Calibration Wizard Option
for E4447A
235, or with the 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer Application calibration.
The 80 MHz functionality is available as part of the added Basic Mode,
WLAN Personality (Option 217), and Flexible Digital Modulation (Option
241). Basic Mode includes the measurements:
spectrum (frequency domain)
waveform (time domain)
123 Switchable Preselector Bypass Allows you to bypass the preselector filter at the input of the spectrum
analyzer when making measurements in the
3 to 50 GHz range. This improves the sensitivity and increases the
available measurement dynamic range. However it allows the analyzers
internal mixing products and image response signals to be visible on the
display, in addition to the actual desired signal response. This option is
available in all models. Option 123 cannot be installed if Option AYZ is
installed.
124 Y-axis Video Output Provides a 0 to 1 V signal that corresponds to the bottom and top of the
display graticule, respectively. The output voltage tracks the Y-axis
position of the trace data while the analyzer is sweeping. (This output is
similar to the 8566B Video Out.)
140 40 MHz Bandwidth Digitizer Adds an alternative 40 MHz wide IF path for making measurements.
Cannot be installed if Option 107 is installed. The 40 MHz functionality is
Not available available as part of the added Basic Mode, WLAN Personality (Option
for E4447A 217), and Flexible Digital Modulation (Option 241). Basic Mode includes
the measurements:
202 GSM with EDGE Measurement General transmitter measurement:

Personality
transmit power
Provides GSM (GMSK modulation) transmitter measurements:
power vs. time
phase and frequency error
output RF spectrum
transmit band spurs
Provides EDGE (8PSK modulation) transmitter measurements:
EVM
power vs. time
output RF spectrum
transmit band spurs
Requires Option B7J hardware.
64 Chapter 5
Options
Option
Name Description
Number
204 1xEV-DO Measurement Provides 1xEV transmitter measurements:

Personality
channel power
ACPR
intermodulation
spectrum emission mask
occupied BW
code domain power (pilot)
EVM (pilot)
QPSK EVM
power statistics CCDF
210 HSDPA/HSUPA Measurement Provides High-Speed Downlink/Uplink Packet Access to support 16QAM
Personality and modulation accuracy. Requires Option BAF.
211 TD-SCDMA Power Measures the power profile of TD-SCDMA BTS and MS.
Measurement Personality
212 TD-SCDMA Modulation Provides modulation analysis for TD-SCDMA BTS and MS, such as
Analysis Measurement EVM, code domain analysis, and time domain or frequency domain
Personality analysis. Requires Option B7J.
213 HSDPA/8PSK for TD-SCDMA Provides measurements for high-speed downlink packet access over
Modulation Analysis TD-SCDMA to support HSDPA/8PSK. Requires Option 212.
Measurement Personality
214 1xEV-DV Supports 8PSK and 16QAM modulation analysis. Requires Option B78
and B7J. Option 1DS is recommended. Includes measurements:
Composite Rho
Code Domain tests
215 External Source Control Adds external source control to the PSA analyzer for stimulus-response
Measurement Personality measurements.
217 WLAN Measurement Provides WLAN transmitter measurements for 802.11 a/b/g.
Personality Requires Option 122 or 140. Also requires Option 123 for center
Not available
frequencies above 3 GHz.
for E4447A
219 Noise Figure Measurement Provides noise figure measurements:

Personality
Limit lines
Loss compensation
Extended frequency (measures up/down converters)
You need the preamp option: Option 1DS to have specified performance
below 3 GHz, or Option 110 to have nominal performance over the entire
frequency range.
226 Phase Noise Measurement Provides phase noise measurements:

Personality
Monitor spectrum
Spot frequency
Log plot
Chapter 5 65
Options
Option
Name Description
Number
233 Measuring Receiver Personality This option allows you to use your PSA, an Agilent power meter and
and PC software N5532A Sensor module as a measuring receiver system through the PSA
user interface (UI). It also provides PC software, as an extension of the
built-in measuring receiver personality, offering graphic and remote UI on
an external PC. A sensor module to power meter adapter, N5532A Option
019, is required for use with N1911A/12A power meters. Option 233 is
available in all models.
Requires Option 107 for Audio measurements.
23A AM/FM/PM Triggering for use Option 233 must be installed before Option 23A
with the Measuring Receiver
Provides the trigger support in the AM Depth, FM Deviation, and PM
Personality
Deviation measurements of the Measuring Receiver personality to detect
the settling time for carrier frequency change. The triggering types
supported are Free Run, Video (IF Envelope), External Front, External
Rear, and RF Burst.
23B CCITT Audio Filter for use with Option 233 must be installed before Option 23B
the Measuring Receiver
Adds the CCITT weighting filter, a 30 kHz and an 80 kHz low pass filter,
Personality
and a 400 Hz high pass filter to the audio measurements of the Measuring
Receiver personality. (These include Audio Frequency, Audio AC Level,
Audio Distortion, and Audio SINAD.)
235 80 MHz Digitizer External This calibration software runs on an external PC to generate a file of
Calibration Wizard and License correction factors for PSAs with Option 122. You get improved
Not available
measurement accuracy using this correction file.
for E4447A
239 EMC Analyzer Personality Adds EMC measurement capability. With the addition of the N9039A RF
Preselector, allows compliant EMC measurements. Selected signal sources
are required for system alignment.
241 Flexible Digital Modulation Provides flexible demodulating analysis for measuring many different
Analysis formats of digital modulation, including:
MSK type 1 and type 2
EDGE
QPSK and offset QPSK
8PSK
BPSK
DQPSK and Pi/4 DQPSK
D8PSK
QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, 256
FSK 2, 4, 8 states
Requires Option 122 or 140 for symbol rates > 10 MHz
266 Programming Code Lets you select one of three different modes that let you use a limited set of
Compatibility Suite 8560 Series, 8566B/8568B, or 8590 Series programming commands.
These modes let you control the PSA Series analyzers with code from
other spectrum analyzer families. When these modes are enabled, the
instruments native SCPI commands are disabled if the remote language
selected is not SCPI.
66 Chapter 5
Options
Option
Name Description
Number
ANE Enhanced Memory Upgrade For early instruments, replaces existing 48 Mb with 64 Mb memory on
CPU, providing additional memory for storing optional measurement
personalities. The 64 Mb memory was shipped standard in all PSA
instruments with serial numbers
US/MY 42220000.
It is recommended that Option 115 (512 Mb user memory) be purchased to
accommodate a greater number of applications.
AYZ External Mixing Provides the ability to use the HP/Agilent 11970 Series harmonic mixers,
and HP/Agilent 11974 preselected harmonic mixers with the Agilent
E4440A, E4446A, E4447A, or E4448A analyzer to extend the frequency
range to 110 GHz. Operation to 325 GHz is also possible with
non-HP/Agilent mixers. Option AYZ cannot be installed if Option 123 is
installed.
B78 cdma2000 Measurement Provides cdma2000 transmitter measurements:

Personality
channel power
ACPR
intermodulation
occupied BW
code domain power
modulation accuracy (composite rho)
QPSK EVM
Requires Option 214 for 1xEV-DV functionality.
B7J Digital Demod Hardware Adds 1 dB step, electronic attenuator in addition to the existing manual
attenuator. This is required for the personality options: BAC, BAE, BAF,
B78, 202, 204, 210, 212, 213, and 214. This option also adds the
functionality of Basic Mode, including the measurements:
BAB APC 3.5 Input Connector Replaces the standard type-N female connector with an APC 3.5-mm male
connector.
(E4440A
only)
BAC cdmaOne Measurement Provides IS-95 and J-STD-008 transmitter measurements:

Personality
channel power
modulation accuracy (rho)
code domain power
ACPR
spur close
Chapter 5 67
Options
Option
Name Description
Number
BAE NADC/PDC Measurement Provides NADC transmitter measurements:

Personality
ACP
EVM (error vector magnitude)
Provides PDC transmitter measurements:
ACP
EVM (error vector magnitude)
occupied BW
BAF W-CDMA Measurement Provides 3GPP W-CDMA transmitter measurements:

Personality
channel power
ACPR (ACLR)
intermodulation
multi carrier power
occupied BW
code domain power
modulation accuracy (composite EVM)
QPSK EVM
Requires Option 210 for addition of HSDPA/HSUPA functionality.
Commercial Calibration with Provides the factory calibration test data and the standard commercial
UK6 calibration certificate at initial shipment.
Test Data a
A6J ANSI Z540 Compliant Provides compliant calibration test data and certificate at initial shipment
Calibration with Test Dataa
1A7 ISO 17025 Compliant Provides compliant calibration test data and certificate at initial shipment
Calibration with Test Dataa
R-51-001-3C 3-Year Warranty Service 1-year return-to-Agilent warranty extended to 3 years of warranty service
Supporta support. This adds a 2-year service contract to the base analyzer 1-year
warranty.
a. Available only at time of purchase
68 Chapter 5
Accessories
Accessories
A number of accessories are available from Agilent Technologies to help you
configure your analyzer for your specific applications. They can be ordered
through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office and are listed below.
50  Load
The Agilent 909 series of loads come in several models and options providing a
variety of frequency ranges and VSWRs. Also, they are available in either 50  or
75 . Some examples include the:
909A: DC to 18 GHz
909C: DC to 2 GHz
909D: DC to 26.5 GHz
50 /75  Minimum Loss Pad

The HP/Agilent 11852B is a low VSWR minimum loss pad that allows you to
make measurements on 75  devices using an analyzer with a 50  input. It is
effective over a frequency range of DC to 2 GHz.
AC Probe
The Agilent 85024A high frequency probe performs in-circuit measurements
without adversely loading the circuit under test. The probe has an input
capacitance of 0.7 pF shunted by 1 M of resistance and operates over a
frequency range of 300 kHz to 3 GHz. High probe sensitivity and low distortion
levels allow measurements to be made while taking advantage of the full dynamic
range of the spectrum analyzer.
AC Probe (Low Frequency)

The Agilent 41800A low frequency probe has a low input capacitance and a
frequency range of 5 Hz to 500 MHz.
Close-Field Probes (for EMC measurements with PSA)

These handheld probes are designed to measure magnetic-field radiation from
surface currents, slots, cables, and ICs for EMC diagnostics and troubleshooting.
Five antenna factors appear on each probe for calculating absolute magnetic-field
strength from the analyzer reading.
11940A - 30 MHz to 1 GHz range
11941A - 9 kHz to 30 MHz range
11945A - Close-field probe set; includes both 11940A and 11941A probes for
full coverage from 9 kHz to 1 GHz. Option E51 adds the 11909A preamplifier.
Chapter 5 69
Accessories
Broadband Preamplifiers and Power Amplifiers

Preamplifiers and power amplifiers can be used with your spectrum analyzer to
enhance measurements of very low-level signals.
• The Agilent 8447D preamplifier provides a minimum of 25 dB gain from 100
kHz to 1.3 GHz.
• The Agilent 83006A preamplifier provides a minimum of 26 dB gain from 10
MHz to 26.5 GHz.
• The 11909A low noise preamplifier provides a minimum of 32 dB gain from 9
kHz to 1 GHz and a typical noise figure of 1.8 dB.
GPIB Cable
The Agilent 10833 Series GPIB cables interconnect GPIB devices and are
available in four different lengths (0.5 to 4 meters). GPIB cables are used to
connect controllers to a spectrum analyzer.
USB/GPIB Interface
The Agilent 82357B USB/GPIB interface provides a direct connection from the
USB port on your laptop or desktop PC to GPIB instruments. It comes with the
SICL and VISA software for Windows® 2000 SP4/XP SP2 (or later)/Vista
(Business, Ultimate, Enterprise). Using VISA software, your existing GPIB
programs work immediately, without modification. The 82357B is a standard Plug
and Play device and you can interface with up to 14 GPIB instruments.
HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers

The 11970 Series harmonic mixers are available to extend the frequency range of
analyzers with Option AYZ up to 110 GHz. The following six models are
available:
Table 5-1
HP/Agilent Model Frequency Range

Number
11970K 18.0 to 26.5 GHz
11970A 26.5 to 40.0 GHz
11970Q 33.0 to 50.0 GHz
11970U 40.0 to 60.0 GHz

11970V 50.0 to 75.0 GHz
11970W 75.0 to 110 GHz
70 Chapter 5
Accessories
HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers

The 11974 Series preselected millimeter mixers are available to extend the
frequency range of analyzers with Option AYZ (external mixing) up to 75 GHz.
Preselection reduces mixer overload from broadband signals, reduces radiation of
local oscillator harmonics back to the device under test, and reduces the level of
image and multiple responses displayed. The following four models are available:
Table 5-2
HP/Agilent Model Frequency Range

Number
11974A 26.5 to 40.0 GHz
11974Q 33.0 to 50.0 GHz
11974U 40.0 to 60.0 GHz

11974V 50.0 to 75.0 GHz
RF and Transient Limiters

The Agilent 11867A and N9355B RF Limiters protect the analyzer input circuits
from damage due to high power levels. The 11867A operates over a frequency
range of dc to 1800 MHz and begins reflecting signal levels over 1 milliwatt up to
10 watts average power and 100 watts peak power. The N9355B microwave
limiter (0.1 to 18 GHz) guards against input signals over 1 milliwatt up to 1 watt
average power and 10 watts peak power.
The Agilent 11947A Transient Limiter protects the analyzer input circuits from
damage due to signal transients. It specifically is needed for use with a line
impedance stabilization network (LISN). It operates over a frequency range of 9
kHz to 200 MHz, with 10 dB of insertion loss.
Power Splitters
The Agilent 11667A/B/C power splitters are two-resister type splitters that provide
excellent output SWR, at 50  impedance. The tracking between the two output
arms, over a broad frequency range, allows wideband measurements to be made
with a minimum of uncertainty.
11667A: DC to 18 GHz
11667B: DC to 26.5 GHz
11667C: DC to 50 GHz
Chapter 5 71
Accessories
RF Bridges
The Agilent 86205A 50  RF bridge can be used with the PSA series to make
reflection measurements using an analyzer with the external source control, Option
215.
These external directional bridges offer high directivity and excellent port match.
The 86205A operates over a frequency range of 300 kHz to 6 GHz.
50  Transmission/Reflection Test Kit

The Agilent 87512A provides the accessories to measure the reflection and
transmission characteristics of 50  devices up to 2 GHz. These accessories use
type N connectors. The kit contains a directional bridge, 2 cables and precision
short/load terminations for calibration.
Static Safe Accessories

9300-0797 3M static control mat 0.6 m  1.2 m (2 ft.  4 ft.) with a 4.6 cm
(15 ft.) ground wire. Does not include wrist strap or cord.
9300-1367 Wrist-strap, color black, stainless steel. Four adjustable links
and a 7 mm post-type connection.
9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft.).
9300-1308 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months).
Noise Sources (for use with PSA Option 219)

Agilent 346A 10 MHz to 18 GHz noise source with 5 dB ENR (nominal)
Agilent 346B 10 MHz to 18 GHz noise source with 15 dB ENR (nominal)
Agilent 346C 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz noise source with 15 dB ENR (nominal)
Agilent 346CK01 1 GHz to 50 GHz noise source with 21 dB ENR (nominal)
72 Chapter 5
6 In Case of Difficulty
73
In Case of Difficulty
This chapter includes information on how to check for a problem with your
Agilent Technologies spectrum analyzer, and how to return it for service.
If you experience a problem or would like additional information about your
analyzer, Agilent Technologies’ worldwide organization is ready to provide the
support you need. Before calling Agilent Technologies, however (or returning an
analyzer for service), perform the quick checks listed in “Check the Basics” on
page 76. This check may eliminate the problem.
If a problem persists, you may choose to:
• Repair the analyzer yourself. See “Service Options” on page 78.
• Return the analyzer to Agilent Technologies for repair. See “Returning an
Analyzer for Service” on page 79, for more information.
WARNING No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.

To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.
NOTE If the analyzer is still under warranty or is covered by a maintenance contract, it

will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or plan.
If the analyzer is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent
Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost
of the repair after examining the analyzer.
74 Chapter 6
Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages
Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages

The analyzer can generate various messages that appear on the display during
operation.
For a complete list of spectrum analyzer messages, see the Instrument Messages
and Functional Tests manual. The following table describes the four types of
spectrum analyzer messages.
Table 6-1 Types of Messages
Type of Message Location Notes
Informational messages typically Bottom of the display Messages will remain until the
provide verification that an action in the status line (in message is cleared by pressing Esc
has occurred. In general, no user green on analyzers or Preset, or is overwritten by
intervention is required. with a color display). another message.
Pop-up messages prompt you to Middle of the display Message remains until you
verify that an action will be in a framed box. acknowledge the prompt, or the
performed or tell you that an action action is completed.
is currently being performed.
Status messages indicate a condition Right side of the Most messages remain only until the
that may result in erroneous data display and/or in the erroneous condition is corrected.
being displayed. Multiple status SCPI Status Register
messages may be displayed at the system.
same time.
User Error messages appear when Bottom of the display Messages remain until you clear the
an attempt has been made to set a in the status line (in error (press System, Show Errors,
parameter incorrectly or an operation yellow on analyzers Clear Error Queue), or another
has failed (such as saving a file). with a color display) message is displayed in the status
and in the SCPI Error line.
Queue.
Pressing the Esc or Preset keys will
clear error messages from the
display, but the messages will
remain in the error queue.
Chapter 6 75
Before Calling Agilent Technologies
Check the Basics

❏ Is there power at the receptacle?
❏ Make sure there is no disk in the front-panel disk drive.
❏ Is the analyzer turned on? Check to see if the green LED above the power
switch is on. Also, listen for internal fan noise to determine if the analyzer
cooling fans are running.
❏ If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with your spectrum
analyzer, make sure they are connected properly and operating correctly.
❏ Review the measurement procedures being performed when the problem first
appeared. Are all of the settings correct?
❏ If the analyzer is not functioning as expected, return the analyzer to a known
state by pressing Preset, and Factory Preset (if displayed).
NOTE Some analyzer settings are not affected by a Preset. If you wish to reset the
analyzer configuration to the state it was in when it was originally sent from the
factory, press System, Power On/Preset, Preset Type, Factory. Then press the
green Preset key on the front panel.
❏ Is the measurement being performed, and the results that are expected, within
the specifications and capabilities of the analyzer? Refer to the Specifications
guide for your analyzer.
❏ If the analyzer is not communicating through the LAN connection, check for
the presence of blinking yellow LEDs on the rear panel LAN connector. If the
Rx (receive) LED is not blinking, check the LAN cable and LAN integrity.
NOTE The analyzer must be powered on with the LAN already connected in order to
recognize the LAN port.
❏ To meet specifications, the analyzer must be aligned. Either the Auto Align
(On) feature must be selected (press System, Alignments, Auto Align, On), or
the analyzer must be manually aligned at least once every 24 hours, or
whenever the temperature changes more than 3°C. When Auto Align, On is
selected, the AA screen annotation appears on the left edge of the display.
❏ Perform an Alignment. Press System, Alignments, Align All Now.
❏ If the previously performed alignments did not resolve the problem, press
System, Alignments, Restore Align Defaults. Then press System,
Alignments, Align All Now.
❏ Is the analyzer displaying an error message? If so, refer to the Instrument

Messages and Functional Tests manual.
76 Chapter 6
❏ If the necessary equipment is available, perform the functional tests in the

Instrument Messages and Functional Tests document for your analyzer.
❏ If the 10 MHz output is not functioning, verify that it is turned on by pressing
System, Reference, 10 MHz Out to select On.
TIP You can get automatic electronic notification of new firmware releases and other
product updates/information by subscribing to the Agilent Technologies Test &
Measurement E-Mail Notification Service for the PSA Series at:
http://www.agilent.com/find/notifyme‘
Chapter 6 77
Read the Warranty

The warranty for your analyzer is in the front of your Specifications Guide. Please
read it and become familiar with its terms.
If your analyzer is covered by a separate maintenance agreement, please be
familiar with its terms.
Service Options
Agilent Technologies offers several optional maintenance plans to service your
analyzer after the warranty has expired. Call your Agilent Technologies office for
full details.
If you want to service the analyzer yourself after the warranty expires, you can
purchase the service documentation that provides all necessary test and
maintenance information.
You can order the service documentation, Option 0BW (assembly level
troubleshooting information) through your Agilent Technologies office.
Calling Agilent Technologies

Agilent Technologies has offices around the world to provide you with complete
support for your analyzer. To obtain servicing information or to order replacement
parts, contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office listed below. In any
correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to your analyzer by its product
number, full serial number, and firmware revision.
Press System, More (1 of 3), Show System, and the product number, serial
number, and firmware revision information will be displayed on your analyzer
screen. A serial number label is also attached to the rear panel of the analyzer.
Contacting Agilent Technologies

Online assistance: http://www.agilent.com/find/assist
United States Latin America New Zealand

(tel) 1 800 829 4444 (tel) (305) 269 7500 (tel) 0 800 738 378
(fax) (305) 269 7599 (fax) 64 4 495 8950
Canada Japan Asia Pacific

(tel) 1 877 894 4414 (tel) (81) 426 56 7832 (tel) (852) 3197 7777
(fax) (905) 282-6495 (fax) (81) 426 56 7840 (fax) (852) 2506 9284
Europe Australia
(tel) (31 20) 547 2323 (tel) 1 800 629 485
(fax) (31 20) 547 2390 (fax) (61 3) 9210 5947
78 Chapter 6
Returning an Analyzer for Service

Original Packaging
Before shipping, pack the unit in the original factory packaging materials if they
are available. If the original materials were not retained, see "Other Packaging"
(below).
NOTE Install the transportation disk into the diskette drive to reduce the possibility of
damage during transportation. If the original transportation diskette is not
available, a blank diskette may be substituted.
Other Packaging
CAUTION Analyzer damage can result from using packaging materials other than those
specified. Never use styrene pellets in any shape as packaging materials. They do
not adequately cushion the equipment or prevent it from shifting in the carton.
They cause equipment damage by generating static electricity and by lodging in
the analyzer louvers, blocking airflow.
You can repackage the analyzer with commercially available materials, as follows:
1. Attach a completed service tag to the analyzer.
2. Install the transportation diskette or a blank diskette into the disk drive.
3. Wrap the analyzer in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage
caused by electrostatic discharge.
4. Use a strong shipping container. The carton must be both large enough and
strong enough to accommodate the analyzer. A double-walled, corrugated
cardboard carton with 159 kg (350 lb) bursting strength is adequate. Allow at
least 3 to 4 inches on all sides of the analyzer for packing material.
5. Surround the analyzer with three to four inches of packing material and prevent
the analyzer from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the
best alternative is S.D.-240 Air Cap™ from Sealed Air Corporation (Hayward,
California, 94545). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with 1-1/4 inch air
bubbles. Use the pink-colored Air Cap to reduce static electricity. Wrapping the
analyzer several times in this material should both protect the analyzer and
prevent it from moving in the carton.
6. Seal the shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive tape.
7. Mark the shipping container “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE” to assure
careful handling.
8. Retain copies of all shipping papers.
Chapter 6 79
80 Chapter 6
Index
Numerics connectors, front panel 24 card slot location 29

10 MHz reference, turning on 39 copy files 58 frequency accuracy, increasing 41
50 ohm load 69, 72 frequency count, using 42
50 ohm RF bridge 72 D Frequency Extension
50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss pad 69 data, entering from front panel 37 card slot location 29
75 ohm RF bridge 72 DC probes front panel
use of 69 connectors and keys 24
A delete files 59 display annotations 26
Digital Signal Processing and Fast entering data 37
AC probe 69 symbols 33
Accessories 69 ADC
accessories card slot location 29
Dir Select key 49 G
50 ohm directional bridge 72
50 ohm load 69 Dir Up key 49 GPIB
50 ohm short/load 72 directional bridge 72 card slot location 29
50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss pad directories, definition 45 GPIB cable 70
69 directory
AC probe 69 creating 49 I
broadband preamplifiers 70 display annotations 26 information screen 14
close-field probes 69 display, information screen 14 information, additional 3
GPIB cable 70 documentation internal alignments 18
harmonic mixers 70 additional set 63 IntuiLink software 9
power splitters 71 CD-ROM 9 IP address 14
preselected millimeter mixers 71 CD-ROM only 63
RF bridge 72 service 63
K
RF limiters 71 standard set 9
key overview 31
transient limiters 71
E keypad, using 37
ACPR
keys 24
card slot location 29 electrostatic discharge (ESD) knob, using 37
active function 31 protecting against 21
address, IP 14 EMC probes 69
Agilent Technologies, calling 78 L
Enter key, using 37
alignments, internal 18 ESD safety accessories 72 LAN, setting IP address 14
alpha editor, using 60 examples limiters
amplifiers 70 frequency accuracy 41 RF and transient 71
annotations, display 26 signals, viewing 39 load, 50 ohm 69, 72
application information 3 external reference (10 MHz), turning
arrow keys, using 37 on 39 M
manuals, ordering 63
B F manuals, standard set 9
battery information 13 factory preset, description 38 marker
Bluetooth Fast ADC frequency and amplitude, reading 40
card slot location 29 card slot location 29 moving
bridge 72 file copying 58 to peak 40
broadband preamplifiers 70 file deleting 59 to reference level 40
file formats 47, 51, 53 with knob or arrow key 40
C file menu functions 47 turning off 42
copy 58 marker annotation
cable
delete 59 change with frequency count 42
GPIB 70
rename 57 location 40
Catalog Menu 48
catalogs save 51, 53, 55 menu keys 31
file renaming 57 missing options 15
definition 45
naming 60 file saving 51, 53, 55 mixers
files External Mixing (Option AYZ) 67
clock, battery 13
naming 60 harmonic 70
close-field probes 69
firmware upgrade information 3 preselected millimeter 71
connectivity
FM Demodulation moving
tools 9
81
Index
data from analyzer 9 bitmaps 47, 51, 53

data to PC 9 trace files 47, 51, 53
screen annotation 26
N screen, information 14
navigating service options 78
catalogs 48 short, 50 ohm 72
files 48 signals, increasing accuracy 41
tables 32 signals, viewing 39
Navigation keys 48, 49 softkeys, auto and man mode 37
noise figure 72 softkeys, basic types 37
noise figure measurement accessories software
72 IntuiLink 9
noise source 72 splitters 71
numeric keypad, using 37 static safety accessories 72
symbols in titles 60
symbols, on front and rear panels 33
O
options not in instrument memory 15 T
overview, keys and key menus 31
tab key 32
table
P
navigation 32
packaging 79 text, entering 60
packaging symbol 34 titles, editing 60
parallel interface connector 30 transient limiter 71
PC connectivity 9 turning on the analyzer for the first time
personality options not in instrument 14
15
power amplifiers 70 U
power splitters 71
preamplifiers 70 unit softkeys, using 37
preset URL, PSA analyzers 3
factory 38 URL, sales and service 78
types 38 user preset
user, creating 38 creating 38
printer setup 19 description 38
probes disabling 38
AC and DC 69
product information 3 W
warm-up time 14
R warranty 78
rear panel
symbols 33
rear panel features 29
reference level, setting 40
reference, turning on 10 MHz 39
rename files 57
RF bridge 72
RF limiters 71
RPG, using 37
RS-232
card slot location 29
RS-232 interface connector 30
S
save files 51, 53, 55
saving
82

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Getting Started Guide

PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers

This manual provides documentation for the following instruments:

E4440A (3 Hz - 26.5 GHz)

Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90608

WARNING Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not

General Safety Information

WARNING No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.

1. Installation and Setup

2. Front and Rear Panel Features

3. Making a Basic Measurement

4. Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

5. Options and Accessories

Power Cable Connection for power source.

Standard Documentation Set

Specifications Guide Documents specifications, safety, and regulatory information.

If you are using an autotransformer, make sure its common terminal is

This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground

CAUTION VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet, the

NOTE For detailed analyzer specifications, see the Specifications guide.

Table 1-1. Power Requirements

Voltage, Frequency 100 to 120 Vrms, 50/60/400 Hz

Power Consumption, On Base Fully Loaded

Power Consumption, Standby < 20 W

a. For greater detail, refer to the Specifications Guide.

Cleaning the Instrument

WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent Technologies E4440A

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

WARNING If this product is to be energized through an external auto transformer for

NOTE Do not connect anything else to the analyzer yet.

❏ Allow the spectrum analyzer to warm-up for 30 minutes before making a

calibrated measurement. To meet its specifications, the analyzer must meet

Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory?

If Option 117 is Loaded in Memory

Using an External Reference

Running Internal Alignments

Manually Performing an Alignment

Printer Setup and Operation

Printer Models Language Type Color Capable

HP DeskJet 310, 320, 350C, 400L PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 500C, 550C, 600, 660C, 672C, 680C, PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 840C, 850C, 870C, 890C, 895C PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 935C, 970C, 990C PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 1120C, 1150C PCL3 yes

HP Inkjet 2000C PCL 3 yes

HP LaserJet 4L, 4P, 4 Plus PCL3/5 no

HP LaserJet 5L, 5M, 5N, 5P, 5SI PCL3/5 no

HP LaserJet 6L, 6MP, 6P PCL5 no

HP LaserJet 2100 Series, PCL3/5 no

HP LaserJet 4050N PCL3/5 yes

HP LaserJet 5000GN PCL3/5 yes

HP Professional Series 2500CM PCL3 yes

HP Professional Series 2500CM PCL3 yes

Interconnection and Setup

1. Turn off the printer and the analyzer.

Testing Printer Operation

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

Test Equipment and ESD

• Perform work on all components or assemblies at a static-safe workstation.