Scribd
Upload
10 views

Lec8 A

The document defines key terms related to wastewater treatment including sullage, sewage, storm water, sanitary sewage, industrial wastewater, and sewer. It describes the objectives of sewage collection and disposal which are to ensure sewage is properly collected, transported, treated and disposed of without harming human health or the environment. It also discusses estimating wastewater quantity.

Uploaded by

SOENIX 2048
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

Lec8 A

The document defines key terms related to wastewater treatment including sullage, sewage, storm water, sanitary sewage, industrial wastewater, and sewer. It describes the objectives of sewage collection and disposal which are to ensure sewage is properly collected, transported, treated and disposed of without harming human health or the environment. It also discusses estimating wastewater quantity.

Uploaded by

SOENIX 2048
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Lect. No.

: 1
Wastewater Treatment / Introduction
Lecturer: Dr. Hussein Janna

1. Introduction

DEFINITIONS
Sullage: This refers to the wastewater generated from bathrooms,
kitchens, washing place and wash basins, etc. Composition of this
waste does not involve higher concentration of organic matter and
it is less polluted water as compared to sewage.

Sewage: It indicates the liquid waste originating from the domestic


uses of water. It includes sullage, discharge from toilets, urinals,
wastewater generated from commercial establishments,
institutions, industrial establishments and also the ground water and
storm water that may enter into the sewers. Its decomposition
produces large quantities of malodorous gases, and it contains
numerous pathogenic or disease producing bacteria, along with
high concentration of organic matter and suspended solids.

Storm water: It indicates the rain water of the locality.

Sanitary sewage: Sewage originated from the residential buildings


comes under this category. This is very fouling in nature. It is the
wastewater generated from the lavatory basins, urinals and water
closets of residential buildings, office building, theatre and other
institutions. It is also referred as domestic wastewater.

Industrial wastewater: It is the wastewater generated from the


industrial and commercial areas. This wastewater contains
objectionable organic and inorganic compounds that may not be
amenable to conventional treatment processes.

Sewer: It is an underground conduit or drain through which sewage


is carried to a point of discharge or disposal. There are two types of
sewer systems are commonly used for sewage collection. Separate
sewers are those which carry the house hold and industrial wastes
only. Storm water drains are those which carry rain water from the
roofs and street surfaces. While combines sewers are those which

1
Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Lect. No.: 1
Wastewater Treatment / Introduction
Lecturer: Dr. Hussein Janna
carry both sewage and storm water. House sewer (or drain) is used
to discharge the sewage from a building to a street sewer. Main
sewer or trunk sewer is a sewer that receives sewage from many
tributary branches and sewers, serving as an outlet for a large
territory. Branch sewer or submain sewer is a sewer which
receives sewage from a relatively small area. Lateral sewer is
a sewer which collects sewage directly from the household
buildings. Depressed sewer is a section of sewer constructed lower
than adjacent sections to pass beneath an obstacle or obstruction.
It runs full under the force of gravity and at greater than
atmospheric pressure, the sewage entering and leaving at
atmospheric pressure. Intercepting sewer is a sewer laid
transversely to general sewer system to intercept the dry
weather flow of sewage and such additional surface and storm
water as may be desirable.

Sewerage: The term sewerage refers the infrastructure which


includes device, equipment and appurtenances for the collection,
transportation and pumping of sewage, but excluding works for the
treatment of sewage. Basically it is a science of collecting and
carrying sewage by water carriage system through sewers.

Wastewater: The term wastewater includes both organic and


mineral content of liquid waste carried through liquid media.
Generally the organic portion of the wastewater undergoes
biological decompositions and the mineral matter may combine
with water to form dissolved solids.

Sewage Treatment Plant: is a facility designed to receive the


waste from domestic, commercial and industrial sources and to
remove materials that damage water quality and compromise
public health and safety when discharged into water receiving
systems or land.

2
Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Lect. No.: 1
Wastewater Treatment / Introduction
Lecturer: Dr. Hussein Janna
OBJECTIVES OF SEWEGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

The objective of sewage collection and disposal is to ensure


that sewage discharged from communities is properly collected,
transported, treated to the required degree so as not to cause
danger to human health or unacceptable damage to the
natural environment and finally disposed off without causing any
health or environmental problems. Thus, efficient sewerage scheme
can achieve the following:

• To provide a good sanitary environmental condition of city


protecting public health.

Body waste
• To dispose the human excreta to a safe place by a safe and
protective means.

• To dispose of all liquid waste from community to a proper


place for preventing a favourable condition of mosquito
breeding, fly developing or bacteria growing.

• To treat the sewage if required so as not to endanger the body of


water or ground water or land to get polluted where it is finally
disposed off. Thus, it protects the receiving environment from
degradation or contamination.

Wastewater Quantity Estimation


The flow of sanitary sewage alone in the absence of storms in
dry season is known as dry weather flow (DWF).

Quantity= Per capita sewage contributed per day x Population

Sanitary sewage is mostly the spent water of the community


draining into the sewer system. It has been observed that a small
portion of spent water is lost in evaporation, seepage in ground,

3
Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Lect. No.: 1
Wastewater Treatment / Introduction
Lecturer: Dr. Hussein Janna
leakage, etc. Usually 80% of the water supply may be expected to
reach the sewers.

You might also like