Chapter 1 Ratio & Proportion
Chapter 1 Ratio & Proportion
Chapter 1 Ratio & Proportion
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Essential Reading (the main textbook)
Slater, J (2003), Practical Business Math Procedures, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin
Publications
Recommended Reading
ProQuest Resource
Provider: Saddleback College
Course Name: Pre-Algebra
URL: http://www.oercommons.org/courses/algebra2go-ratios-proportions-and-percents/view
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Fractions:
A fraction is a number that represent parts of a whole or
parts of a group. The denominator represents the total
number of equal parts the whole is divided into.
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Type of Fractions:
Proper Fractions Improper Fractions
Has a value equal to 1, or
Has a value less than 1, greater than 1,
Numerator is smaller Numerator is equal to or
than its denominator greater than its denominator
1 4 2 4
Ex: 2 Ex: 2
7 3
Mixed Fractions
Is the sum of a whole number
greater than zero and a proper
fraction.
3 1
Ex: 14 34
Equivalent Fractions:
1 1𝑥2 2 2 𝑥2 4
2 2𝑥2
= 4 4𝑥2
= 8
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Fraction: Practice
Identify the following types of fractions
A. 1/9
B. 12 5
7
C. 16/11
D. 32/40
E. 25/5
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F. 2 10
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Reducing Fractions to Lowest / highest Terms
Reduce the following to lowest terms
a.16/ 38
b. 44/52
7/8 = ?/80
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Ratio
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E.g. the ratio of 3 to 4 can be written as 4 or 3:4
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10 to 30, 30
or 10:30
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Ratio - examples
Example # 1: If we have five oranges and three apples, we said the ratio of oranges to apples is 5 to 3. This is
abbreviated 5:3. If we add two pineapples, we can express the ratio of oranges to apples to pineapples as 5:3:2.
Remember Two quantities can be compared only if they are in the same unit.
Answer: since 1 hour contains 60 minutes, we can write the ratio as 60:25 or, as a fraction, 60/25. It can be
reduced to 12/5, then expressed as 12 : 5.
Example # 3: Suppose that $80,000 was allocated for advertising, research, and investment in the ratio 8 : 5: 3.
How much money will be allocated for each?
For research 5/16 *$80,000 = $25,000, for investment 3/16 *$80000 =$15,000
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How to simplify ratios?
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10 to 30, or 10:30
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Steps to simplify:
10/10 1
= =
30/10 3
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Ratio: Practice
(a) 250 : 75
(b) 69 : 15
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Proportion
• A proportion is an equation that equates two ratios. For e.g
𝑎 𝑐
𝑏
= 𝑑
• A proportion can also be written using colon notation like
this a : b :: c : d
• In a proportion the product of the means is equal to product
of the extremes.
10 : 20 = 5 : 10
20*5 = 100
10*10 = 100
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Proportion: Practice
1. 15 : 30 :: 50 : ?
2. 30 : ? :: 40 : 160
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Proportion: Direct and inverse
Remember that quantities expressed in a ratio can be directly proportionate or
inversely proportionate.
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Proportion: Direct and inverse: Practice
1. If the cost of 1 kg of sugar is OMR 3.6, then what would be the cost of 3 kg
sugar?
4. 6 pipes are required to fill a tank in 1 hour 20 minutes. How long will it
take if only 5 pipes of the same type are used?
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Example (1)
At a certain high school there are 425 female Solution:
students and 375 male students. a) Ratio of female students to male students
= 425:375
a) What is the ratio of female students to = 17:15
male students?
b) Number of female students in a class of 32 students
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b) Based on your reduced ratio in part a), = 32 x (32 )
theoretically in a classroom of 32 = 17
students, how many should be female?
c) The ratio of female students to the total student population
c) What is the ratio of female students to the Total number of students = 425+375 = 800
total student population. Number of female students = 425
Ratio of female students to total number of students = 425:800
= 17:32
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Practice (1)
At a certain high school there are 500
female students and 600 male students.
c) Theoretically in a classroom of 44
students, how many should be male?
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Exercise (1)
Candice drove her hybrid vehicle 480
miles on 10 gallons of gas.
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Exercise (2)
A friend is painting the inside walls
of a garage. So far she has used a 2
litre tin of emulsion paint and
covered an area of 9 m2. She needs
some more paint.
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Exercise (3)
Adam's grandfather ran a
mile in 4 ½ minutes. Adam
took 260 seconds.
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Exercise (4)
A local shop sells ready-
made custard at £1.45 for a
special offer pack of three
425 g tins. It also sells the
same brand of custard in 1
kg cartons costing £1.29
each. Which is the better
bargain?
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Exercise (5)
Ahmed earns RO 28,000 per month.
His brother Saeed earns RO 36,000 per
month. Find the ratio of
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Exercise (6)
A marketing team conducted a research in
Muscat, to identify the preference of customers
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towards various car brands. of the people
10
2
surveyed preferred Nissan, of the people
10
surveyed preferred Hyundai and the rest of the
people preferred Toyota. If the survey is
conducted among 5,000 people, find out;
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Exercise (7)
Three sales staff (A, B & C) sold a
total of 12,000 units of a product
during March 2019. If the ratio of
sales among the three are in 2:3:5,
how many units did each sell?
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Practice exercise:
At the time of writing the ratio of
prices in pounds sterling to prices
in euros is two to three (2 : 3).
What is the equivalent price in
pounds for a coat costing 150
euros?
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Exercise (8)
Adil is preparing for a trip to UK.
Before his trip, he researched on
the exchange rate between Omani
Rial and Pound Sterling (₤). He
learned that 1 ₤ equals to RO
0.490.
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Exercise 9:
Lamya and Maryam started a
business with capital of RO
12,000 and RO 15,000
respectively. At the end of one
year they got a profit of RO
3,600. How much will each get
if the profit is divided in
proportion to capital?
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Exercise 10:
Faheem built a house in Sur in
60 days with the help of 15
men. Rahim, a friend of
Faheem wants to build the
same type of house in Ibra.
How many days will it take to
build the house if he has 16
men?.
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Video Tutorial
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt1jh3nXcRM
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Video Tutorial
URL:
http://www.oercommons.org/courses/algebra2go-ratios-
proportions-and-percents/view
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Additional Exercise
https://www.saddleback.edu/faculty/lperez/algebra2go/prea
lgebra/ratios/ratiosHW.pdf
https://www.saddleback.edu/faculty/lperez/algebra2go/prea
lgebra/ratios/proportionsHW.pdf
http://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/feep108.pdf
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Reference
Books
1. Slater, J (2003), Practical Business Math Procedures, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin
Publications
OER Resources
2. Course Name: Ratio, proportion and percentage, The Open University, URL:
Www.oercommons.org/courses/ratio-proportion-and-percentages/view
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CONTACT INFORMATION:
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