OMD552 Hospital Waste Management UNIT-4
OMD552 Hospital Waste Management UNIT-4
OMD552 Hospital Waste Management UNIT-4
FACILITY SAFETY
Introduction, Facility Guidelines: Institute, Administrative Area Safety, Slip, Trip, and Fall
Prevention, Safety Signs, Colors and Marking Requirements, Tool Safety, Electrical Safety,
Control of Hazardous Energy, Landscape and Ground Maintenance, Fleet and Vehicle Safety.
4. INTRODUCTION P1
Hazards of all types can exist in healthcare facilities and organizations must take steps to
identify and control these hazards. Facility personnel at all levels should learn to observe hazards
and behaviors that could contribute to accidents. This chapter is about categories of risk, new
requirements on emergency management, facility security, and information-related technology
and communication systems.
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Replace smooth flooring materials in areas normally exposed to water, grease, and
particulate matter with rougher surfaced flooring when renovating or replacing floor
surfaces.
Identify and correct outside walking areas with hazards such as protruding structures,
holes, rocks, and other types of debris that could contribute to falls.
Never use concrete wheel stops in parking lots since they pose great tripping hazards.
Develop procedures that direct the prompt removal of ice and snow from parking lots,
garages, and side- walks.
Place labelled bins filled with ice-melting materials and scoops that anyone can use
immediately on icy patches.
Provide SDS and instructions for handling all ice-melting chemicals.
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Caution: indicates potentially hazardous situations that may result in minor or moderate
injury.
Notice: indicates policy positions that relate directly or indirectly to the safety of
personnel or protection of property.
General Safety: indicates general instructions relative to safe work practices, reminders
of proper procedures, and the location of safety equipment.
Fire Safety: indicates locations of emergency fire-fighting equipment.
Directional Arrow Signs, Special Signs
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Employers should caution employees to keep saw blades, knives, and other tools away
from aisle areas and other employees working in close proximity.
The use of appropriate PPE can help protect workers against tool hazards.
Power tool comes in a variety of types based on the power source they use.
Power tools can include those powered by electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, and
powder-actuated sources.
Never carry a tool by the cord or hose and never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect.
Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges. Disconnect tools when not in
use, before servicing, and when changing accessories such as blades, bits, and cutters.
Keep all observers at a safe distance away from the work area. Secure work with clamps
or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool.
Avoid accidental starting.
Workers should never hold a finger on the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool.
Follow instructions in the user’s manual for lubricating and changing accessories. Prohibit
the wear of loose clothing, ties, or jewellery that can get caught in moving parts.
Remove from service-damaged portable electric tools and tag Do Not Use.
Safeguard hazardous moving parts such as belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets,
spindles, drums, fly wheels, and chains.
Take precautions against reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of equipment if
exposed.
Never remove safety guards when using a tool.
Use only hand-held powered tools equipped with a momentary contact on–off control
switches.
Some tools also may contain a lock-on control that turns off with a single motion of the
same finger or fingers that turn it on.
Key hazards of electric-powered tools include burns and slight shocks that can lead to
injuries or heart failure.
To protect users from shock, tools must contain a three-wire cord with a proper ground.
Tools can also contain double insulation or powered by a low-voltage isolation
transformer.
Operate electric tools within their design limitations. Recommend use of gloves and safety
footwear when using electric tools.
Never use electric tools in damp or wet locations. Keep work areas well lighted.
Pneumatic tools, powered by compressed air, can include chippers, drills, hammers, and
sanders.
Key hazards include getting hit by a tool attachment or by a fastener used with the
tool.
Recommend use of eye and face protection when working with pneumatic tools.
Working with noisy tools such as jackhammers requires proper and effective use of
hearing protection.
When using pneumatic tools, ensure secure fastening to the hose to prevent them from
becoming disconnected.
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A short wire or positive locking device attached to the air hose can serve as an added
safe- guard.
A safety clip or retainer can prevent attachments such as chisels on a chipping hammer
from being unintentionally shot from the barrel.
Powder-actuated tools operate like a loaded gun.
Treat them with respect and take precautions.
Specially trained employees should operate these tools.
Never use these tools in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.
Before using, inspect the tools to determine cleanliness and ensure that moving parts
operate freely and the barrel contains no obstructions.
Never point the tool at someone else.
Always load the tool immediately before using.
Never leave a loaded tool unattended.
Tools must operate until pressed against the work surface with a force of at least 5 lb
greater than the total weight of the tool.
If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should wait at least 30 s and fire again. If
it still will not fire, the user should wait another 30 s before removing the faulty cartridge.
Place the bad cartridge in water. Wear appropriate eye and face protection when using a
powder- actuated tool.
When using hydraulic power tools, use approved fire-resistant fluids that will retain
operating characteristics at the most extreme temperatures.
Never exceed the manufacturer’s recommended safe operating pressure for hoses, valves,
pipes, filters, and other fittings.
Ensure that all lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks contain a device
that stops them from jacking up too high.
Mark the manufacturer’s load limit in a prominent place on the jack. Never use a jack to
support a lifted load.
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4.6.1 Grounding
Ground the frames of all electrical equipment regardless of voltage.
Ground exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment that may
become energized under abnormal conditions.
Cover all electrical outlets, switches, and junction boxes.
Provide ground fault circuit interrupters
The OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910, Subpart S, covers two types of grounds.
The grounded neutral conductor normally the white or gray protects machines, tools, and
insulation against damage.
This additional ground offers enhanced protection for the worker by providing another
path from the machine or tool through which the current flows into the ground.
This protects the worker should the metal frame of the tool become accidentally
energized.
The resulting heavy surge of current will activate the circuit protection devices and open
the circuit.
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Ensure that sufficient space exists around the electrical equipment or circuit in order to
maintain or operate it safely.
Personnel must remove personal metal jewellery.
De-energize electrical equipment before testing or repairing in accordance with the
OSHA Lockout Tag-out Standard 29 CFR1910.147.
If de-energizing electrical equipment or circuits increases the potential of an electrical
hazard or requires troubleshooting, use appropriate tools and PPE as mandated by the
situation.
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Consider authorized employees as those responsible for implementing the energy control
procedures or performing the service or maintenance activities.
They need the knowledge and skills necessary for the safe application, use, and removal
of energy isolating devices.
They also need training in the following areas: (1) hazardous energy source recognition,
(2) type and magnitude of the hazardous energy sources in the workplace, (3) energy
control procedures, and (4) means or methods to isolate and control the energy sources.
4.7.4 Maintenance
Production equipment and machines fall under the safeguarding requirements of 29 CFR,
Subpart O.
OSHA requires the employer to conduct periodic inspections and ensure adherence to
following proper procedures or requirements.
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4.7.7 Training
Providing training helps all employees to understand the purpose and function of the
lockout/tag- out procedures.
Workers must demonstrate that they possess the knowledge and skills for safe appli-
cation, usage, and removal of energy controls.
Personnel who work around electrical equipment must focus on the hazards of electricity
and the proper observation precautions.
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Each authorized employee who will use a lockout/tag-out procedure must receive training
in the recognition of applicable hazardous energy sources
Conduct retraining as necessary whenever a periodic inspection reveals or an employer
believes that shortcomings exist in an employee’s knowledge.
Employers must review their procedures at least once a year to ensure that workers
remain protected.
As part of the review, employers must correct any deviations and inadequacies identified
in the energy control procedure or its application.
Provide education and training that covers all equipment and tools used.
Ensure that workers know how to operate the controls and use the equipment safely.
Inspect equipment carefully for loose, broken, or damaged parts.
Ensure grounding of electrically operated equipment.
Teach workers to inspect areas for potential hazards and remove all debris from the area.
Never allow employees to operate gasoline or diesel equipment inside a building.
Groundskeepers use various types of equipment while performing their job tasks.
Train and authorize each individual to operate specific equipment.
Watch the discharge direction carefully and direct it away from people, animals, children,
and windows.
Disengage and stop the engine before adjusting or repairing.
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Ensure that each applicant that will operate a motor vehicle completes a release to permit
the company to obtain their formal driving records from the state Department of Motor
Vehicles.
Conduct substance abuse testing, check all references, and provide training sessions.
Many insurance carriers provide training on fleet safety.
They normally train the trainer who then will conduct sessions for drivers.
Some safety councils provide training sessions and even specialized training classes.
The effective supervision of drivers poses the greatest challenge to any fleet manager.
Publish driver policies in writing and ensure wide dissemination.
NIOSH established the Center for Motor Vehicle Safety (NCMVS) in 2010 to promote
research related to preventing motor vehicle crashes.
NIOSH focuses on the use of occupant restraints, driver fatigue, vehicle design, work
organizational factors, and employer policies.
NIOSH hopes to develop injury prevention strategies and transfer the information into
workplaces.
4.9.1 Safe Practices For Motor Vehicle Operations (ANSI/ASSE Z15.1 Standard)
ANSI/ASSE Z15.1 provides organizations with a guidance document to assist with the
development of policies and procedures necessary to control risks related to the operation
of motor vehicles.
The standard applies to the operation of organization-owned or organization-leased
vehicles on public roads.
Motor vehicle practices and operations play a vital role on the effectiveness of any
overall safety and health management function.
The new publication places added emphasis on restraint systems, impaired driving,
aggressive driving, distracted driving, journey management, and fatigue management.
ANSI Z15.1 also places an increased emphasis on the vehicle acquisition, inspection, and
maintenance.
The standard recommends that organizations develop written motor vehicle safety
policies to meet organizational needs.
Driver selection and qualification: Ensure that the applicant understands the job
requirements and expectations including any physical qualifications for the position.
Ensure that the applicant meets all mandatory and legal requirements. Investigate any
gaps in employment. Ensure that each applicant completes a formal application and signs
a release to permit the company to obtain their driving records from the Department of
Motor Vehicles.
Driver training: Driver training can take several forms. Many insurance carriers provide
training to the fleet or safety managers. In effect, they train the trainer, who in turn trains
the drivers. Some carriers offer training referred to as commentary class. The driver
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spends time in a classroom setting and then applies the concepts learned to a real-life
road test. The trainer sits in the passenger seat with a scorecard and takes notes to make
sure the trainee is verbalizing appropriate defensive driving decisions. Some safety
councils provide training sessions and even specialized training classes.
Supervision: The effective supervision of drivers poses the greatest challenge to the fleet
manager. The information reported can be used to determine trends or document multiple
reports on the same driver.
Vehicle maintenance: Some experts indicate that about 90% of accident investigations
reveal that a human serves as one of the primary causes. Proper vehicle maintenance and
documentation is critical. Drivers must use a vehicle inspection checklist and do a daily
inspection. Fleet repair shops must employ qualified mechanics that conduct periodic
maintenance.
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PART-A
1. What are the hazards of administrative area safety?
These areas contain a number of hazards including lifting, climbing, repetitive
motions, tripping, and electrical.
3. Abbreviation of SCOF
Static Coefficient of Friction
7. How does tool safety makes humans safer durning working hours?
The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse and improper
maintenance.
The use of appropriate PPE can help protect workers against tool hazards.
Power tool comes in a variety of types based on the power source they use.
Power tools can include those powered by electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel,
hydraulic, and powder-actuated sources.
Never carry a tool by the cord or hose and never yank the cord or the hose to
disconnect.
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11. List out the four factors considered for affected employees?
recognize the use energy control procedures,
understand the purpose of the procedure,
never tamper with lockout/tag-out devices,
use equipment under lockout or that contains tag.
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Wraparound sunglasses with UVA and UVB protection can reduce the risk of cataracts
from sun exposure.
Provide appropriate hearing protection devices such as earmuffs or ear plugs when noise
exceeds OSHA requirements.
Require the use of proper respiratory protection for extremely dusty conditions or when
applying pesticides.
Provide appropriate head protection for individuals working under low branches or where
falling object hazards exist.
17. List out ways landscape and ground maintenance safety is provided?
Blower Safety
Edger Safety
Chain Saw Safety
Trimmer Safety
Push Mower
Riding Mower Safety
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administrative controls.
21. What is OSHA specification for respiratory protection and explain it?
Respirator storage (29 CFR 1910.134)
Clearly identify storage compartments for respirators at workstations and those used for
emergencies.
Storage rooms for flammable and combustible materials (29 CFR 1910.106).
Mark an aisle at least 3ft wide in every inside storage room.
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PART-B
1. List at least four changes made in the 2012 version of NFPA 99.
2. List two standards that address slip and trip hazards.
3. What should be the ideal height of a wet floor sign?
4. How many handrails should be present for stairs less than 44 in. wide?
5. Define the concept known as SCOF.
6. List at least five factors to consider when selecting new flooring materials.
7. What standard addresses the height and width of the letters found on safety signs?
8. What standards organization publishes the elevator safety code?
9. What is the maximum step spacing distance for ladders?
10. What organization publishes a standard that addresses reinforced plastic ladders?
11. List seven types of information that marked on ladders.
12. When working from a scaffold, what’s the minimum working distance from electrical power
lines?
13. List the two OSHA mandated options for guarding a skylight.
14. List the five basic rules for tool safety.
15. How does OSHA classify three basic areas requiring safeguarding of dangerous
equipment?
16. List the seven elements of the hierarchy of guarding equipment.
17. List the two primary NFPA codes that contain special electrical requirements for healthcare
facilities?
18. List the five factors that can affect shock severity.
19. List six electrical-related standards that would apply to healthcare facilities.
20. Describe the purpose of any lockout procedure.
21. List the five basic characteristics that could apply to a permit-required confined space.
22. Define the following noise-related terms:
• Frequency
• Amplitude
• Decibel scale
23. List at least five pipe contents color schemes.
24. Define the following ventilation terms:
• Anemometer
• Capture velocity
• Dilution ventilation
25. What percentage of all IAQ problems result from insufficient or ineffective ventilation?
26. Describe the basic OSHA training requirements for operators
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