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    HSB Respiration and Breathing

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    liltrash
    Respiration is the breakdown of glucose to release energy in cells, while breathing is the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to fully break down glucose and release more energy in mitochondria, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, releasing less energy and leaving byproducts. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide through structures like the nasal passages, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. During inspiration, diaphragm and rib muscles contract to lower pressure and draw air in, while during expiration these muscles relax and air is pushed out through pressure increases. Factors like exercise, weight, drugs, and altitude can increase breathing rates, while rest

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    HSB Respiration and Breathing

    Uploaded by

    liltrash
    297 views3 pages
    Respiration is the breakdown of glucose to release energy in cells, while breathing is the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to fully break down glucose and release more energy in mitochondria, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, releasing less energy and leaving byproducts. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide through structures like the nasal passages, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. During inspiration, diaphragm and rib muscles contract to lower pressure and draw air in, while during expiration these muscles relax and air is pushed out through pressure increases. Factors like exercise, weight, drugs, and altitude can increase breathing rates, while rest

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    Respiration is the breakdown of glucose to release energy in cells, while breathing is the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to fully break down glucose and release more energy in mitochondria, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, releasing less energy and leaving byproducts. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide through structures like the nasal passages, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. During inspiration, diaphragm and rib muscles contract to lower pressure and draw air in, while during expiration these muscles relax and air is pushed out through pressure increases. Factors like exercise, weight, drugs, and altitude can increase breathing rates, while rest

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    297 views3 pages

    HSB Respiration and Breathing

    Uploaded by

    liltrash
    Respiration is the breakdown of glucose to release energy in cells, while breathing is the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to fully break down glucose and release more energy in mitochondria, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, releasing less energy and leaving byproducts. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide through structures like the nasal passages, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. During inspiration, diaphragm and rib muscles contract to lower pressure and draw air in, while during expiration these muscles relax and air is pushed out through pressure increases. Factors like exercise, weight, drugs, and altitude can increase breathing rates, while rest

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Respiration and Breathing

    Respiration is the breakdown of food substrates such as glucose to release energy and do
    work in cells.
    Breathing is the movement of air into out of the lungs.
    Combustion is a chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives
    off heat.

    Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration


    Aerobic Respiration is when glucose combines with oxygen to release carbon dioxide, water
    and the energy. The energy is used to make ATP from ADP by adding a phosphate group in
    mitochondria.
    ATP releases the energy to do the work in cells when it breaks down to ADP, releasing the
    phosphate.
    Anaerobic respiration is the release of energy in the absence of oxygen.

    Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Comparison


    Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration
    Oxygen needed No oxygen needed
    Large amount of energy released Small amounts of energy released
    Glucose completely broken down to CO2 + Glucose not completely broken down
    H2O because ethanol or lactic acid remain
    Occurs in mitochondria Occurs in the cell cytoplasm

    Industries such as the drinks and baking industries are based on anaerobic respiration of yeast
    to make alcohol and carbon dioxide.
    Oxygen debt- a temporary oxygen shortage in the body tissues arising from exercise.

    Respiratory System
    It provides the oxygen and removes the carbon dioxide made cellular respiration. The
    respiratory system is mainly the trachea, bronchus and lungs, and is in the thorax

    Structure and Function of the parts of the respiratory system


    Nasal passages- filter, warm and moisten air- olfactory cells detect odours
    Epiglottis- prevents food entering the trachea
    Larynx- voice box, with vocal cords
    Vocal cords- vibrate to make sound
    Trachea- windpipe, to allow air passage
    Cartilage- incomplete loops, prevent collapse of trachea
    Bronchus- air passage of each lung
    Pleural membranes- Surrounds the lungs and encloses pleural fluid
    Pleural fluid- lubricant, allows lung movement during inspiration and expiration
    Ribs- protect lungs and heart, provides muscle attachment

    Breathing
    Inspiration- Inspiration is when muscles of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
    contract, reducing the pressure so air enters the lungs.
    Expiration- Expiration is when muscles of the diaphragm relax and the external intercostal
    muscles relax , increasing the pressure to air out. Internal intercostal muscles can force are
    out.

    The Actions at inspiration and expiration


    Actions Inspiration Expiration
    (breathing in) (breathing out)
    Diaphragm muscles contract Relax
    Diaphragm Flattens domed
    External intercostal muscles Contract Relax
    Ribs Raised Lowered
    Volume of thorax Increased Decreased
    Pressure in thorax Reduced Increased
    Air pressure Forces air in Forces air out

    Vitality capacity- is the maximum volume of air blown out after a full inspiration
    Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is given to restart breathing by blowing in expired air.

    Factors causing an increase in the rate and depth of breathing


    Activity Reason for increase
    Exercise Because carbon dioxide and lactic acid
    accumulate in the blood.
    Weight More work has to be done with a larger
    body
    Anxiety Adrenaline released increases the metabolic
    rate
    Drugs Stimulants increase the metabolic rate
    Altitude The low pressure affects breathing and
    muscles work harder to compensate
    Factors causing an decrease in the rate and depth of breathing

    Actvity Reason for decrease


    Rest/sleep Carbon dioxide is removed and inactivity
    means little is produced
    Drugs Depressants decrease rates as metabolism
    slows down.
    Fresh air Only 0.03% carbon dioxide

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