Readings in PH History Assigment No. 1
Readings in PH History Assigment No. 1
Readings in PH History Assigment No. 1
Assignment No. 1
shared experience, or a witnessed event, this story may tell something about ourselves and
perhaps present a broader view of what our society’s living. History imparts key skills such as
analysis, assessment, argument, evidence utilization, and communication, all of which are useful
“History is narratives. From chaos comes order. We seek to understand the past by
determining and ordering ‘facts’; and from these narratives, we hope to explain the decisions and
According to Britannica, history is the study of the chronological record of events, and
such affects the realm and people of the Nation, this was all based on a critical assessment and
thorough evaluation of source materials may it be the primary sources or secondary source it
Several articles deal with history. For the primary exposition of the subject of history and
the academic study required for the discipline. History indeed covers an almost all-important
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/history
of history based on the critical analysis of sources, it is important to only look into and select
specific information from credible and authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of
those facts into a narrative that stands the test of critical investigation. Historiography also
something that concerns the field of our expertise it is necessary for us to know and learn from
its history, to not do the same mistake but rather make emendations in response to those mistakes
for the betterment of the profession, and again, to end as a student studying history doesn’t just
give information about what happens to the past that seems not to concern us in the present, but
it also attests our critical thinking skills and the ability to filter and assess information that we
Reference:
Vann, R. T. (2020, October 27). historiography. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/historiography
3. Briefly discuss the following schools of historiography.
3.1. Positivism
In Western philosophy, positivism as a philosophical ideology and movement refers to
any theory that limits itself to evidence from experience and rejects a priori or metaphysical
theories. Positivism originally took on its distinguishing aspects by the French philosopher
Auguste Comte.
through stages such as empirical criticism, logical positivism, and logical empiricism, and to this
day Analytical philosophy is the dominant philosophical tradition in the English-speaking world.
Its impact has grown gradually across the non-English-speaking globe during the last
two decades. The development of societies for analytic philosophy throughout the world is one
The assertions of positivism are the basis of all knowledge concerning facts is based on
the “positive” data of experience and above the area of fact is that of pure logic and pure
mathematics.
Reference;
Feigl, H. (2020, November 4). positivism. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/positivism
also refer to the parallel attempt to recover and reinterpret the history and agency of people
In this understanding, writings are subject to revisions and re-interpretation after some
foreign expressions in social, political, economic, scientific, legal, and cultural ideologies
dominance.
For example, Philippines colonialism by other Nations has a significant impact on the
preservation of our country’s literary cultural heritage, seemingly as we are now it is evident that
colonialism went deep into our culture perhaps mixed with our old culture creating a hybrid of
both. According to (Cruz, 2019) The colonial heritage has established a precedent that is
buildings and edifices to facilitate the formation of a new set of world order, so
establishing a precedent Neglect and contempt for cultural heritage conservation are prevalent in
today's society.
Reference:
Feigl, H. (2020, November 4). positivism. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/positivism
3.3. Annales School of History
French School of historical thought was established by Lucien Febvre (1878–1956) and
concerned with the notion of the history of ideologies, worldviews, and mental structures:
the historical backdrop, focusing on the problem of time and the interrelationships between
History becomes a dialogue between the past and the present, with the investigator's job
being to explore both the interests and ideals of the society to which the investigator belongs, as
well as those aspects that are distinctive to the culture of the people being investigated.
Annales school is said to be the most influential on the field of study with history in
Britain and indeed worldwide. sought to break down the barriers between history and other
disciplines, incorporating ideas from literature and psychology as well as the social sciences in
Reference:
Annales School. Oxford Reference. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2021,
from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810104350125.
most conceptually detailed articulation of an indigenized social science approach that offers a
In the context of pantayong, pananaw came from two distinct perspectives. First, the
one's culture; the pangkayo perspective primarily alludes to colonial historiography, which
appraised Filipino beliefs and practices using exclusively exterior cultural norms. The pangkami
intellectuals trained in Spain and later replied to allegations of colonial history over components
With this regard, it is comparative that it is more reliant to have this kind of conversation
or discourse where both sides are sited in for “Close circuit interaction” in addition it sought to
practice in to Speak and writing in Filipino so that the talastasan (discourse) is constantly geared
With all that, the intention of this guiding philosophy is only for the safe of safeguarding
Reference:
Sapitula, M. (2020, October 27). Pook at Paninindigan: Kritika ng Pantayong Pananaw
- Harvard-Yenching Institute. Harvard. Retrieved November 10, 2021,
from https://www.harvard-yenching.org/research/pook-paninindigan-critical-appraisal-
pantayong-pananaw/.
5. Is history an objective discipline? Explain.
Partly yes, and in some instances no. Yes, because as we know, and as they should,
historians write faithfully only what is supported with facts and concrete pieces of evidence
without the interference of their own belief and or affected by their own feelings thus clearly
pictures the real event in the past. History as it should, be as close as to the facts and pieces of
evidence not unlike a complete subjective history that varies from person to person.
With that being said absolute objectiveness on history is quite doubtful when presented
with facts it is subject to a balance of evidence reflecting the intersubjectivity of truth, for
example, we have an eye witness, an eye witness telling his side on the given situation are
subject to subjective response to the question concerning the event, and with that doubt,
historians or anyone in the authority would analyze its response and credibility thus requiring
them to judge the scenario themselves though they oath not to be affected by their own feelings,
it is innate for everyone to somehow feelings intervene and preconceive belief touch our
judgment.
history to reflect how life was lived and understood in the past, which necessitates a creative
engagement with the mind and environment of the past. As a result, a historian cannot be
impartial since facts do not speak for themselves, and no two historians will have the same
Reference:
Kundra, S. (2017, February 20). (PDF) objectivity in history. ResearchGate. Retrieved
November 10, 2021,
from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314113409_OBJECTIVITY_IN_HISTOR
Y.
O'Gorman, E. (n.d.). Is history an objective discipline? explain your answer ... Retrieved
November 10, 2021, from https://www.quora.com/Is-history-an-objective-discipline-
Explain-your-answer.
of events created by persons at the time or several years later. Examples of this are
easily distinguishable from other sources it is described as the one being closest to its origin of
the information or alike thus contains raw information that needs to be interpreted by researchers
information that originated elsewhere. Secondary sources often use generalizations, analysis,
interpretation, and synthesis of primary sources. To support this UC Sta Cruz University
describes this as the least one step away from the event or phenomena under consideration and as
an interpretation of primary sources drawn upon to make conclusions. Examples of this are
Journal articles that comment on or analyze research, textbooks, dictionaries and encyclopedias,
Reference:
Library guides: Distinguish between primary and secondary sources: Home. Home -
Distinguish Between Primary and Secondary Sources - Library Guides at the University
of California, Santa Cruz. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2021,
from https://guides.library.ucsc.edu/primarysecondary.
Primary and secondary sources. Library. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2021,
from https://www.library.unsw.edu.au/using-the-library/information-resources/primary-
and-secondary-sources.
of data. It is also known as lower criticism. In addition, according to (Bundgens, 2021) Internal
critique, also known as positive criticism, is the researcher's endeavor to recover the
understanding of the message. This will be the stage of textual criticism in which the researcher
focuses on the meaning of the text rather than the document's outward aspects.
Internal Criticism is also known as Higher Criticism since it deals with more essential
matters than exterior form. In addition, External criticism is a technique through which historians
examines the dependability of an authorized source after it has been subjected to external
scrutiny.
Reference:
Bundgens, N. (n.d.). What is internal and external criticism of historical sources?
Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://askinglot.com/what-is-internal-and-external-
criticism-of-historical-sources.
build not just the skills we need in the profession of Interior design but also shapes us into the
best of us, although not all perspective is favorable some are stretched out and disoriented some
are inspiring and vibrant what this implies to us is whether or not we part of it we can benefit
from it by learning with them, assessing what would omit for correction and what to contract to
build
For us to advance we must know where we begin, Interior design is a process in which a
body of knowledge is executed in an orderly manner. That is what we are enjoying now, we have
a system that is organized and systematized but if we look back into where it begins, we can see
that it came from a messy beginning, with that being said the progress we have now is the
product of lesson learned experiences from our past, thorough understanding of our past makes