IFYCH002 Chemistry

THE NCUK INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION YEAR

IFYCH002 Chemistry
End of Semester 1 Test

2016-17

Test Session Time Allowed

Semester One 2 Hours 10 minutes
(including 10 minutes reading time)

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
SECTION A Answer ALL questions. This section carries 60 marks.

SECTION B Answer TWO questions. This section carries 40 marks.

The marks for each question are indicated in square brackets [ ].

 Answers must not be written during the first 10 minutes.

 A data sheet is included in the front of the test booklet.
 Graph paper will be provided.
 An approved calculator may be used in the test.
 Show ALL workings in your answer booklet.
 Test materials must not be removed from the room.

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL INSTRUCTED BY THE

INVIGILATOR

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Section A
Answer ALL questions. This section carries 60 marks.
Question A1

An atom of 40
Ca has how many neutrons? [1]

a) 20

b) 21

c) 22

d) 23

Question A2

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for magnesium? [1]

a) 1s22s22p63s2

b) 1s22s22p63s23p3

c) 1s22s23s23p64s2

d) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2

Question A3

What type of bonding exists between sodium and chlorine in NaCl? [1]

a) Hydrogen bonding

b) Metallic bonding

c) Coordinate bonding

d) Ionic bonding

Question A4

Which of the following compounds is the least soluble in water ? [1]

a) Barium sulphate

b) Calcium carbonate

c) Calcium sulphate

d) Barium hydroxide

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Question A5

Which one of the following has the highest electronegativity? [1]

a) N

b) O

c) P

d) Br

Question A6
[1]
On the periodic table, atomic radius decreases:

a) Down a group, and left to right across a period.

b) Up a group, and left to right across a period.

c) Down a group, and right to left across a period.

d) Up a group, and right to left across a period.

Question A7

What is the correct name for Na2[NiCl4] ? [1]

a) Sodium nickeltetrachlorate (II)

b) Nickel sodiumtetrachlorate (I)

c) Sodium tetrachloronickelate (II)

d) Sodium nickeltetrachlorate (I)

Question A8

Which of the following have the same number of particles as 12g of 12

C? [1]

a) 12g of H2O

b) 12g of Mg

c) 14g of S

d) 44g of CO2

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Question A9

Which definition suits the following isotope: N?

15
[1]

a) An atom of 7 protons, 7 electrons and 8 neutrons

b) A cation of 7 protons, 6 electrons and 8 neutrons.

c) An anion of 7 protons, 8 electrons and 8 neutrons.

d) An atom of 7 protons, 7 electrons and 7 neutrons.

Question A10

What is the shape of the molecule ammonia, NH3 ? [1]

a) Pyramidal

b) Square planar

c) Tetrahedral

d) Trigonal bipyramidal

Question A11

This question is about redox chemistry.

a) i. Define the term “reduction”. [1]

ii. State the oxidation number of the named element in each of the
following compounds

I Manganese in KMnO4 [1]

II Nitrogen in NO2 [1]

III Nitrogen in HNO3 [1]

IV Chlorine in HClO [1]

b) The following reaction can be described as a redox reaction:

MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

i. Identify the element that has been oxidised. [1]

ii. Identify the element that has been reduced. [1]

c) The following reaction is an example of a disproportionation reaction: [3]

Cl2 + 2NaOH H2O + NaCl + NaClO

Using this equation, describe what a disproportionation reaction is.

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Question A12

This question is about atomic structure.

a) i. Explain why the nitrogen molecule is non polar. [1]

ii. What is the difference between 14

N and N atoms ?
16
[1]

iii. Explain why the two isotopes in a(ii) have identical chemical [1]
properties.

b) Draw a fully labelled diagram showing a hydrogen bond between two water [3]
molecules.

c) Complete the table below: [4]

Question A13

The first ionisation energies of some of the elements in periods 2 and 3 are shown below.
Some ionisation energies have been omitted. The units are kJmol-1.

a) Define the term “first ionisation energy”. [2]

b) i. Explain why there is a decrease in the value for the first ionisation [2]
energy from magnesium to aluminium.

ii. Explain why there is a decrease in the value of the first ionisation energy [2]
from lithium to sodium.

c) i. Predict the values for the first ionisation energies of beryllium and [2]
silicon.

ii. Using your knowledge of the trend in first ionisation energies, arrange [2]
the following elements in order of increasing ionisation energy:
Ge, As, Se, Br.

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Question A14

This question is about molarity and reacting masses in reactions of group 2 and
group 7 elements.

1.0g of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 is dissolved in water. A concentrated solution

of sodium carbonate Na2CO3 is added and a white precipitate of calcium
carbonate appears.

a) i. Give the balanced equation for the reaction producing this white [1]
precipitate.

ii. When no more precipitate is produced the addition of sodium [1]

carbonate is stopped and the calcium carbonate is filtered off,
thoroughly dried and weighed. What is its mass ?

iii. How many molecules of calcium carbonate are there in the precipitate? [1]
(Avagadro’s number is 6.02 x 1023)

b) One molar hydrochloric acid solution is slowly added to the precipitate until
it is just completely dissolved. Carbon dioxide is given off.

i. What volume of hydrochloric acid solution has been added when this [2]
point is reached ?

ii. How many grams of carbon dioxide are produced ? [2]

iii. Give another method by which carbon dioxide may be produced from [1]
calcium carbonate.

c) What will happen if silver nitrate solution is added to the solution in b) after [2]
all the carbon dioxide has been given off ? Give an equation.

Question A15

This question is about carbon and some of its compounds.

a) Using “box notation”, draw the full electronic configuration of carbon [2]
labelling each set of orbitals.

b) Naturally occurring carbon exists as two isotopes. The percentage [2]

abundances of these isotopes are 1.1% 13C, 98.9% 12C. Calculate the
relative atomic mass of carbon to two decimal places.

c) i. Briefly describe the processes that occur inside the mass spectrometer [5]
when measuring the relative atomic mass, taking the element carbon
as an example.

ii. Why is the mass spectrometer evacuated (emptied) of air before any [1]
sample is introduced into it ?

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Section B
Answer 2 questions. This section carries 40 marks.
Question B1

a) i. Which would you expect to have the larger radius, S or S2-? Explain [3]
why.

ii. Draw the dot and cross diagram for S2-. [1]

b) Explain the following:

i. Why do most monatomic cations, such as Na+, have a charge equal to [1]
the group number in the periodic table that they are in ?

ii. Why do most monatomic anions, such as Cl-, have a charge equal to [1]
their group number minus eight ?

c) For the following pairs of elements state the type of bonding that is present
between the atoms and give the molecular formula.

i. Sr and O [2]

ii. C and Br [2]

iii. Al and F [2]

iv. Ca and Cl [2]

d) Give an example of a compound that has coordinate covalent bonding. [1]

e) i. An ionic compound has the following percentage composition: [4]

23.3% Mg, 30.7% S, 46.0% O

Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.

ii. What is the name of the compound in e (i) ? [1]

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Question B2

This question is about elements found in group II and group VII of the periodic
table, and those in periods 2 and 3.

a) i. State the complete electronic structure of calcium. [1]

ii. Give an equation, including state symbols, for the reaction of calcium [2]
metal and hydrochloric acid.

iii. Explain with reasons whether you would expect the first ionisation [3]
energy of calcium to be less than or greater than the first ionisation
energy of strontium.

b) i. Give the ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of [2]
barium ions and sulphate ions.

ii. The hydrated form of sodium sulphate has the formula Na2SO4.xH2O. [4]
3.22g of this compound when added to an excess of barium chloride
produced 2.33g of barium sulphate. Calculate the value of x in
Na2SO4.xH2O.

c) i. Solid iodine consists of iodine molecules in a regular crystal lattice. [2]

What types of bonding are present in solid iodine?

ii. How would you show that iodide ions were present in an aqueous [2]
solution ?

iii. Give a common use for large scale amounts of chlorine. [1]

d) i. Give the name of an element in period 3 that forms a chloride with the [1]
formula XCl5.

ii. Give the formula of an oxide of an element in period 3 that will dissolve [1]
in water to form a strongly alkaline solution.

iii. Give the name of an element in period 2 that exists in more than one [1]
form (allotrope), one of the forms being a non-metal that conducts
electricity.

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Question B3

This question is about transition metal compounds.

a) Give the full electronic configuration of the Ni2+ ion. [2]

b) A compound of nickel has the composition 24.7% Ni, 40.4% O, 5.0% H, [3]
29.9% Cl. Calculate its empirical formula.

c) The empirical formula is found to be the same as the molecular formula. A [4]
solution in water conducts electricity. Suggest and draw the most likely
three dimensional structure of the compound and explain the electrical
conductivity.

d) Name the type of bonding that takes place between the nickel in the [2]
compound and the atom(s) that nickel is bonded to.

e) i. The compound gives a green solution in water. Explain this in terms of [5]
electronic energy levels.

ii. Explain why adding ammonia to this solution turns it from green to [2]
blue.

f) Give two other properties apart from colour that transition metal [2]
compounds show.

This is the end of the test.

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