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1.  
- it is the power to make, change, enacts and repeals the law.
2. The 
 is composed of twenty-four senators and the !" #


  is composed of two hundred and fifty members.
3. The Senators must be a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, at least thirty-five
years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the
Philippines for not less than two years while the Member of the House must be a
natural-born citizen of the Philippines, twenty-five years of age, able to read and
write, a registered voter in the district, and a resident of the Philippines for not
less than one year.
4. The term of office of Senators is six years and commence at the noon of thirtieth
day of June next following their election. Senators cannot serve for more than
two terms. The term of office of House of Representative is three years and they
cannot serve for more than three consecutive terms.
5. The regular election of the Senators and the Members of the House of
Representatives held on the second Monday of May. In case of vacancy, special
election may be called to fill such vacancy prescribed by law, but the elected
Senator or Member of the House of Representatives shall serve only for
unexpired term.
6. The functions and powers of the Congress are propose, review and adopt bills
for enactment into law, conduct studies and inquiries in aid of legislation and
investigations necessary in the lawmaking process and in the oversight of the
execution of laws by the executive, propose appropriations, revenue or tariff bills;
bills authorizing increase of the public sector debt; bills of local application and
private bills, concur in all treaties and international agreements, exercise the
constitutional right and responsibility of advice and consent on certain
presidential nominations through the Commission on Appointments, judge the
election, returns and qualifications of its members, determine the rules of its
proceedings, and punish its members by suspension or expulsion for disorderly
 behavior, authorize the President to exercise emergency power in times of war or
national emergency, propose amendments to the Constitution for ratification by
the people, and call for a constitutional convention .
7. No Senator and Member of the House of Representative may hold any other
office or employment in the Government, or, and subdivision, agency, or
instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or
their subsidiaries, during his term without forfeiting his seat. They cannot appear
as counsel before any court of justice or before Electoral tribunals, or quasi-
judicial and other administrative bodies.
8. A bill can become a law if it has passed the three readings on separate days, and
printed copies thereof in its final form have been distributed to its members three
days before its passage, except when the President certifies to the necessity of
its immediate enactment to meet a public calamity or emergency.
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1. $%"
- authority to enforce orders and to ensure they are carried out
as intended.
2. A President and Vice-President must be a natural-born citizen of the Philippines,
a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age and a
resident of the Philippines for at least ten years. The Vice-President may be
appointed as a Member of Cabinet.
3. The Vice-President succeeds the President if he is unable to govern.
4. If the President fails to qualify, the Vice-President- elect shall act as President
until the President- elect have qualified. If a President shall not have been
chosen, the Vice-President- elect shall act as President until a President shall
have been chosen and qualified. If at the beginning of the term of the President,
the President- elect shall have died or shall have become permanently disabled,
the Vice-President shall become President.
5. The Vice-President cannot serve for more than two successive terms. Voluntary
renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an
interruption in the continuity of the service for the full term for which he was
elected.
6. The President have the power to make appointments during the recess of the
Congress, whether voluntary or compulsory, but such appointments shall be
 effectively only disapproved by the Commission on Appointments or until the
next adjournment of the Congress.
7. The public is entitled to know the state of health of the President because the
public must know all the happenings about the President and for the sake of our
country, for he was able to fulfill his duties and responsibilities.
8. There are provisions with respect to declaration of martial law or suspension of
the privilege of writ of habeas corpus like the Congress, if not in session, must
start a meeting within twenty-four hours following such proclamation or
suspension. A state of martial law does not suspend the operation of the
Constitution, nor supplant the functioning of the civil courts or legislative
assemblies and the suspension of writ of habeas corpus shall apply only to
person who judicially charged for rebellion or offenses inherent in, or directly
connected with, invasion.
9. The President, Vice-President, the Members of the Cabinet, and their deputies
or assistants shall not, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution, hold any
other office or employment during their tenure. They shall not, during said
tenure, directly or indirectly, practice any other profession, participate in any
business, or in any franchise, or special privilege granted by the Government or
any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned
or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries. They shall strictly avoid conflict
of interest in the conduct of their office.
v &"' 


1. &"'  (
- includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual
controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable,
and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion
amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or
instrumentality. The Judicial power is vested in one Supreme Court and in such
lower courts as may be established by law.
2. The Supreme Court is composed of a Chief Justice and fourteen Associate
Justices. It may sit p
 
or in its discretion, in division of three, five, or
seven Members. Any vacancy shall be filled within ninety days from the
concurrence thereof.
3. A Member of the Supreme Court can be selected with the following
qualifications, a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, at least forty years of
 age, and must have been for fifteen years or more, a judge of a lower court or
engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. A member of the judiciary
must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.
4. The members of the Supreme Court and of other courts established by law
shall not be designated to agency performing quasi-judicial or administrative
functions because they might make and fulfill their duties and to prevent for
their self interest.
5. The guarantees of independence for judiciary are courts should not be subject
to improper influence from the other branches of government, or from private or
partisan interests. Different nations deal with the idea of judicial independence
through different means of judicial selection, or choosing judges. One way to
promote judicial independence is by granting life tenure or long tenure for
judges, which ideally frees them to decide cases and make rulings according to
the rule of law and judicial discretion, even if those decisions are politically
unpopular or opposed by powerful interests .In some countries, the ability of
the judiciary to check the legislature is enhanced by the power of judicial
review. This power can be used, for example, when the judiciary perceives that
legislators are jeopardizing constitutional rights such as the rights of the
accused.
6. A Judicial and Bar Council is hereby created under the supervision of the
Supreme Court composed of the Chief Justice as p

Chairman, the
Secretary of Justice, and a representative of the Congress as p


Members, a representative of the Integrated Bar, a professor of law, a retired
member of the Supreme Court, and a representative of the private sector.
  
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1.