Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma Aeruginosa
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma Aeruginosa
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma Aeruginosa
ISSN: 2088–0197
e-ISSN: 2355-8989
Abstract
Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., Morinda citrifolia and Apium graveolens are Indonesian plants
which have been used in traditional medicine as an antihelmintic, antimicrobial,
antiinflammation and antioxidant. In this study, the antiinflammatory activity of Curcuma
aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome, Morinda citrifolia fruit and Apium graveolens leaf extract was
investigated. All of extract was prepared by maceration with ethanol 70% and treated for
antiinflammatory effect by using inducible-nitric oxide secretion measurement on
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induce macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We used three concentration
of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome and Apium graveolens leaf extract at 25 ppm; 50 ppm; 100
ppm while for Morinda citrifolia fruit extract with 50 ppm; 100 ppm; 200 ppm. This study
revealed that rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. and fruit of Morinda citrifolia extract
inhibited inducible-nitric oxide synthesis with highest value of 84.2% at 25 ppm and 85.71% at
100 ppm in cells. However, leaf of Apium graveolens extract showed low inhibition with highest
values of 18.85% at 100 ppm. This study demonstrates the potential of Curcuma aeruginosa
Roxb. rhizome and Morinda citrifolia fruit as antiinflammatory agents.
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inflammatory activity was not due to cytotoxicity all extract at concentration lower than 200 µg/mL
effect from the extract. During inflammation, the did not give cytotoxicity effect in RAW 264.7 cell.
ultimate phase of a series of signaling events, Therefore, we used non-toxic at concentration 25; 50
macrophages induce the expression of pro- and 100 µg/mL to deterime its anti-inflammatory
inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide activity.
synthase (iNOS). This enzyme is up-regulated
secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and Effect of Extracts on Nitrit Oxide Production
produces NO from L-arginine. The regulation of NO in LPS-induced Macrophage
production is therefore an important target for Antiinflammation activity assay using LPS
inflammatory disease. LPS stimulation alone has stimulated-RAW 264.7 cell was determined to
been demonstrated to induce iNOS transcription and quantify nitric oxide production after LPS induced.
its protein synthesis in murine macrophage RAW Extracts of plants were diluted with DMSO and
264.7 cells, with a corresponding increase in NO Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) to obtain
production. Furthermore, LPS stimulation has also concentration at 25; 50 and 100 µg/mL. The Griess
been shown to induce IκB proteolysis and NF-κB reaction, a spectrophotometric determination for
nuclear translocation (Xie, et al., 1994; Henkel, et nitrite, was carried out to quantify the nitrite levels in
al., 1993). Thus, this cell system is an excellent the conditioned medium of RAW 264.7 cells treated
model for drug screening and the subsequent with LPS 2 ug/mL. The final concentration of
Evaluation of potential inhibitors against iNos and DMSO in the culture media was 0.2% and this
NO production. concentration of DMSO did not show any effect on
We tested cytotoxicity assay of plants at the cells. Sodium nitrate as a standard solution was
concentration of 200; 100; 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25 µg/mL. tested separately to obtain standard curve of
The result showed that all of extract have percentage nitrate.
of proliferation inhibition less than 50% at the Table 1 shows the inhibitory activity by plant
highest concentration except for Curcuma extracts towards NO production by LPS-activated
aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome which showed 97% macrophages.
inhibition at 200 µg/mL (Fig.1). It is indicated that
Figure 1. Effects of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome, Morinda citrofolia fruit and Apium graveolens Leaf
extracts on cell viability in Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Cell viability was tested by MTT reduction
assays. Data were mean of three replications x ±SD (p<0,05)
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Indones. J. Cancer Chemoprevent., 6(3), 84-88
Table 1.Nitrit oxide inhibition of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome, Morinda citrofolia Fruit,
and Apium graveolens leaf extract
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