Question 1 (a) Outline what might cause an agricultural tractor to overturn.

(6)
(b) Outline control measures that could help reduce the risk of an agricultural tractor
overturning. (4)
Question 6 (a) Outline factors that might cause an agricultural tractor to overturn. (6)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered in order to help reduce the risk of an
agricultural tractor overturning. (4)

Question 4 (a) Outline factors that might cause an agricultural tractor to overturn. (6)
(b) Outline measures that may be necessary to minimise the risk of a tractor overturning. (4)

Question 1 Outline: (a) the factors affecting the likelihood of an agricultural tractor
overturning; (6)
(b) the measures that may be necessary to minimise the risk, or limit the effects, of a tractor
overturning. (4)

ER-1
Question 2 An organisation can help ensure workplace transport safety by having safe vehicles
and a safe site.
(a) Outline control measures that should be considered to help ensure safe vehicles. (5)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered to help ensure a safe site. (5)
Question 4 An organisation can help ensure workplace transport safety by having safe vehicles
and a safe site.
(a) Outline control measures that should be considered to help ensure safe vehicles. (5)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered to help ensure a safe site. (5)
Question 3 An organisation can help ensure workplace transport safety by having safe vehicles
and a safe site.
(a) Outline control measures that should be considered to help ensure safe vehicles. (5)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered to help ensure a safe site. (5)

Question 8 Outline the design features and procedural arrangements that may need to be
considered in order to minimise risks associated with movement of vehicles in the workplace.
(20)

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Question 8 Outline the features and arrangements that should be considered in order to
minimise risks associated with the movement of vehicles in the workplace. (20)

Question 1 Outline the arrangements in a motor fleet policy that will minimise the risk to a
multi-site organisation where workers drive vehicles between sites. (10

ER-3
Question 3 Large goods vehicles are loaded and unloaded at a distribution depot.
Outline hazards associated with these vehicles during this loading and unloading process that
should be considered in a workplace transport risk assessment. (10)

ER-4
Question 10 There has been a steady increase in the number of road traffic incidents causing
vehicle damage and injuries to engineers who work for a multinational organisation. The
engineers are required to provide technical cover to clients in a number of countries around the
world as part of the organisation’s global operations. To attend clients’ sites, engineers are
required to take scheduled air travel and then drive from the airport to the site in hired cars.
(a) Outline factors associated with this work that can increase the risk of road incidents
involving the engineers. (10)
(b) Outline practical ways of managing the work-related driving risk to the engineers. (10)

ER-5
Question 3 An excavation is required of an existing factory floor to repair a damaged water
main. (a) Outline hazards and corresponding risks that may be created by the excavation work.
(5)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered to help ensure the safety of the work
activity. (5)

ER-6
Question 3 Large diameter concrete water pipes are being installed in a trench 2.5 metres deep
during excavation works. Temporary shoring is provided by the use of drag boxes.
(a) Outline workplace control measures that are necessary when drag boxes are used to
provide temporary shoring. (4)
(b) Other than temporary shoring, explain workplace control measures that could help reduce
the risk of collapse of the trench. (6)

ER-7
Question 10 During excavation there is a risk of striking underground cables.
Outline precautions that minimise the risk of striking underground electrical cables. (20)

ER-8
Question 3 A worker is carrying out a user check on an alternating current (AC) electric drill
which is to be used with a residual current device (RCD).
(a) Outline types of visible defect on the drill that may be found during the check. (8)
(b) Outline the importance of an RCD. (2)

ER-9
Question 3 Outline the practical control measures that can be taken to minimise risk when
operating a bench-mounted circular saw. (10)

ER-10
Question 9 With respect to an electricity supply operating at 240v:
(a) outline the factors that determine the severity of the effects of an electric
shock. (6)
(b) For each of the following protective devices describe their principles of operation:
(i) residual current devices; (3)
(ii) fuses; (3)
(iii) 110v center tapped to earth reduced voltage systems. (3)
(c) Outline other design features of electrical systems intended to improve safety. (5)

ER-11
Question 11 (a) Outline hazards when excavating near underground electrical cables. (4)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered when excavating near underground
electrical cables. (12)
(c) Outline the effects of electric shock on the body. (4)
Question 8 (a) Outline hazards when excavating near underground electrical cables. (4)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered when excavating near underground
electrical cables. (12)
(c) Outline the effects of electric shock on the body. (4)

ER-12
Question 8 A worker has received an electric shock from a 240 volt portable drill whilst
installing a set of wooden shelves.
(a) Outline the physical effects the worker may have suffered from the accident. (5)
(b) Identify the emergency action that should have been taken immediately after the accident.
(5)
(c) Outline the precautions that could have been taken to prevent the accident. (10)

Question 10 A worker has received an electric shock from a 240 volt portable drill whilst
installing a set of wooden shelves.
(a) Outline the physical effects the worker may have suffered from the accident. (5)
(b) State the emergency action that should have been taken immediately after the accident. (5)

(c) Identify the precautions that might have been taken to prevent the accident. (10)

ER-13
Question 3 A contractor is working on an electrical distribution board and proposes to carry out
live working.
Outline a safe system of work when working on the live electrical distribution board. (10)

ER-14
Question 4 Outline the precautions that should be taken when construction work is to take
place under or near overhead power lines that will remain live during the work. (10)

ER-15
Question 8 Construction work is to take place in a rural area where electrical power for the site
is to be gained from an existing 11kV overhead supply that cuts across the site on wooden
poles.
Outline control measures that should be taken to help reduce risks associated with the:
(a) overhead supply; (8)
(b) supply of electricity on the site. (12)

ER-16
Question 2 Outline suitable control measures that could help reduce electrical risks
from portable electrical equipment associated with tungsten inert gas
(TIG) welding. (10)

ER-17
Question 4 Mobile telescopic lighting towers are to be used on a busy highway to illuminate
roadworks. The towers extend to a height of 9 metres.
22kV electrical power cables cross the highway and are as low as 7.5 metres above ground in
some places.
(a) Outline specific training requirements for workers who are required to move telescopic
lighting towers in the vicinity of the live overhead cables. (3)
(b) Other than training, outline control measures that should be considered when moving
telescopic lighting towers in the vicinity of the live overhead cables. (7)

ER-18
Question 8 A small organisation manufactures products using electro-chemical processes. The
organisation has poor general standards of health and safety, made worse by the presence of
conductive and corrosive fluids and humid, corrosive atmospheres.
(a) Outline the types of fault that may be found in a fixed electrical system under such
conditions. (10)
(b) Outline the technical information that a competent electrician would require before
conducting an inspection of a fixed electrical system. (10)

Question 9 A small company manufactures products using electro-chemical processes. The

company has poor general standards of health and safety, made worse by the presence of
conductive and corrosive fluids and humid, corrosive atmospheres.
(a) Describe the types of fault that may be found under such conditions in a fixed electrical
system. (10)
(b) Outline the technical information a competent electrician would require before conducting
an inspection of a fixed electrical system. (10)

ER-19
Question 6 A competent electrical contractor is being asked to conduct a periodic inspection of
the fixed electrical installation in a large hospital.
Outline the information, relating to the fixed electrical installation, that the hospital will need
to provide for the electrical contractor. (10)

ER-20
Question 5 Direct contact with live parts of an electrical supply within a workplace can result in
serious injury or death.
Outline a range of control measures that may prevent or reduce the effect of such contact. (10)

Question 5 Direct contact with live parts of an electrical supply within a workplace can result in
serious injury or death.
Outline a range of control measures that may prevent or limit the effect of such contact. (10)

ER-21
Question 8 Workers are required to enter a sewer though a vertical shaft. The sewer and shaft
are classed as a confined space.
(a) Give the meaning of the term ‘confined space’. (2)
(b) Outline hazards that the workers could be exposed to when working in the sewer. (10)
(c) Outline what should be considered when developing emergency arrangements that will be
provided during this activity. (8)
Question 2 (a) Give the meaning of the term ‘confined space’. (2)
(b) Outline factors that should be considered in relation to emergency rescue arrangements for
confined space work. (8)

ER-22
Question 7 It is proposed to inspect, clean and repair the inside of a tank that is 6 metres in
diameter and 10 metres high and which has previously been used for storing leaded petrol.
Outline the steps that should be considered in order to enter this confined space and to carry
out the work safely. (20)

ER-23
Question 1 A plastics manufacturer stores plastic beads in a tower silo. The plastic beads are
considered to be a free flowing solid.
Workers need to enter the silo to carry out essential maintenance.
(a) Outline the risks to workers from the free flowing solid when entering the confined space.
(4)
(b) Outline reasons that the silo atmosphere may be, or could become, oxygen deficient. (3)
(c) Outline possible effects that oxygen deficiency may have on a confined space worker. (3)

ER-24
Question 1 A sewage drain has collapsed and it is necessary to inspect the damage prior to its
repair. The inspection requires entry into a confined space 10 metres deep.
Outline the possible risks to those entering the sewer. (10)
Question 1 A sewer has collapsed and it is necessary to inspect the damage prior to its repair.
The inspection requires entry into a confined space 10 metres deep.
Outline risks to those entering the sewer. (10)

ER-25
Question 4 Car park entry and exit is controlled by an automatic barrier of the rising arm type
shown below.

The barrier has a control system with sensors, actuators and electronic controllers.
Maintenance is occasionally required due to vehicle impact or storm damage.
(a) Outline mechanical hazards associated with automatic rising arm barriers. (4)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered to help reduce risk before starting any
maintenance activity on the barrier. (6)

ER-26
Question 2 Car park entry and exit is controlled by an automatic barrier of the rising arm type
shown below.

The barrier has a control system with sensors, actuators and electronic controllers.
Maintenance is occasionally required due to vehicle impact or storm damage.
(a) Outline mechanical hazards associated with automatic rising arm barriers. (4)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered to help reduce risk before starting any
maintenance activity on the barrier. (6)

ER-27
Question 5 Car park entry and exit is controlled by an automatic barrier of the rising arm type
shown below.

The barrier has a control system with sensors, actuators and electronic controllers.
Maintenance is occasionally required due to vehicle impact or storm damage.
(a) Outline mechanical hazards associated with automatic rising arm barriers. (4)
(b) Outline control measures that should be considered to help reduce risk before starting any
maintenance activity on the barrier. (6)

ER-28
Question 5 An electrical installation on a dairy farm needs replacing.
(a) Outline what may have caused the deterioration of the existing electrical installation. (5)
(b) Outline what should be considered when designing the replacement electrical installation to
help avoid future deterioration. (5)
Question 6 An electrical installation on a dairy farm needs replacing.
(a) Outline what may have caused the deterioration of the existing electrical installation. (5)
(b) Outline what should be considered when designing the replacement electrical installation to
help avoid future deterioration. (5)
Question 4 An existing electrical installation on a dairy farm is to be replaced.
(a) Outline factors likely to have caused the deterioration of the existing electrical installation.
(4)
(b) Outline factors that should be considered when designing the replacement electrical
installation. (6)

ER-29
Question 6 Outline what should be considered when developing a planned maintenance
programme for workplace machinery. (10)
Question 6 Outline what should be considered when developing a planned preventive
maintenance programme for safety-critical machinery. (10)
Question 6 Outline what should be considered when developing a planned preventive
maintenance programme for safety-critical machinery. (10)

ER-30
Question 5 A motor vehicle repair workshop has installed a new electrically powered,
compressed air system.
Outline the factors to be considered in developing a suitable planned preventative
maintenance programme. (10)

ER-31
Question 2 Outline what should be considered when preparing a scheme for the systematic
examination, testing and maintenance of portable electrical appliances. (10)

Question 6 Outline what should be considered when preparing a scheme for the systematic
examination, testing and maintenance of portable electrical appliances. (10)

ER-32
Question 6 Outline factors that a competent person would need to take into account when
deciding the frequency of examination of lifting equipment. (10)

ER-33
Question 3 A large food processing factory has a range of new and older production machines
of varying conditions.
Identify AND explain the three main maintenance strategies available to the employer. (10)

ER-34
Question 11 (a) Organisations may use a range of reactive and proactive strategies for plant
maintenance. Identify FOUR possible plant maintenance strategies AND outline the principles
of EACH strategy. (10)
(b) Outline the factors that you would advise the Engineering Department of an organisation to
take into account in deciding on a maintenance strategy following the installation of an item of
process plant. (10)

ER-35
Question 10 Prevention of pipework failures is critical in preventing major leaks and incidents.
The construction of a new chemical plant is nearly complete and some parts are being prepared
for start-up.
(a) Outline an inspection strategy that could prevent pipework failures within this plant. (10)
(b) Outline the items that could be included on a checklist when inspecting pipework after
construction. (10)

ER-36
Question 9 The final process in the manufacture of office furniture involves spraying it with
solvent-based paint, in a custom-designed spray room. The solvent has a flash point of 15°C.
Assuming that a risk assessment has been carried out, outline control measures that could help
minimise the associated risk of fire and explosion with this spraying activity. (20)
Question 10 Workers in a vehicle maintenance workshop spray vehicles using a highly
flammable, solvent-based paint.
(a) Outline the factors that would need to be considered when assessing the risks with the
spraying activity. (4)
(b) Outline control measures that could minimise risk with the spraying activity. (16)

Question 7 Workers in a vehicle maintenance workshop spray-paint vehicles using a highly

flammable solvent-based paint.
Outline the measures needed to assess and control the risks associated with the spray-painting
activity. (20)

Question 8 Workers in a vehicle maintenance workshop undertake spray-painting of vehicles

using a solvent based paint that has a low flash point.
Outline the measures to be taken to ensure that the risks associated with the spray-painting
activity are adequately controlled. (20)

ER-37
10 A steam boiler is a type of pressure system used in industry where loss of containment can
occur through mechanical failures such as overheating, creep and hydrogen embrittlement.
(a) Outline why a steam boiler is classified as a pressure system. (3)
(b) Identify THREE additional examples of mechanical failure to which a steam boiler is
susceptible AND, in EACH case, outline the mechanism of the identified mechanical failure. (9)
(c) Outline the content of a written scheme of examination form for the boiler. (8)
Question 11 A steam boiler is a type of pressure system used in industry where loss of
containment can occur through mechanical failures such as overheating, creep and hydrogen
embrittlement.
(a) Outline why a steam boiler is classified as a pressure system. (3)
(b) Identify THREE additional examples of mechanical failure to which a steam boiler is
susceptible AND, in EACH case, outline the mechanism of the identified mechanical failure. (9)
(c) Outline the content of a written scheme of examination form for the boiler. (8)

ER-38
Question 9 Failure of pressure systems can result in accidents.
(a) Identify workplace examples of pressure systems. (5)
(b) Outline a typical written scheme of examination for pressure systems. (5)
(c) Other than a written scheme of examination and the provision of safe equipment, outline
control measures that could help reduce the risk of pressure system failures. (10)

Question 11 Failure of pressure systems can result in accidents.

(a) Identify examples of pressure systems AND give a workplace example in EACH case. (5)
(b) Outline a typical written scheme of examination for pressure systems. (5)
(c) Outline other control measures that could reduce the risk of pressure system failures. (10)

Question 10 Failure of pressure systems can result in accidents.

(a) Identify FIVE examples of pressure systems AND give a workplace example in EACH case. (5)
(b) Outline a typical written scheme of examination for pressure systems. (5)
(c) Outline other control measures that could reduce the risk of pressure system failures. (10)

ER-39
Question 4 A dental surgery uses a small steam steriliser to disinfect dental instruments. The
steriliser is labelled with a CE mark, and has a written record with it in the form of a logbook.
(a) Outline why the steriliser would be considered a pressure system. (3)
(b) Outline the purpose of the CE mark. (2)
(c) Outline what records need to be contained in the logbook. (5)

ER-40
Question 3 A 50 litre compressed air receiver made of welded steel is used in a factory
pneumatic system. It is operating at a nominal pressure of 10 bar/1MPa. During a routine
operation, the compressed air receiver ruptured when the weld running along its length failed.
(a) Outline why the compressed air receiver is classified as a pressure system. (4)
(b) Outline possible technical and procedural causes for the failure of the compressed air
receiver during operation. (6)

ER-41
Question 8 A pressurised steam boiler requires an examination. At the same time a repair on an
electrically driven pump, associated with the boiler, is needed.
(a) Give the meaning of the term ‘relevant fluid’ in relation to pressure systems safety. (4)
(b) Outline the typical contents of a written scheme of examination form for the boiler. (8)
(c) Identify the practical measures that should be taken in order to carry out the pump repair
safely. (8)

ER-42
Question 11 An organisation operates a multi-storey care home.
(a) Outline what should be considered to help ensure an adequate means of escape in the
event of a fire. (12)
(b) Outline general requirements for fire doors that should be installed in the care home. (8)

ER-43
Question 1 A university has several students with a range of physical and mental disabilities. A
fire risk assessment needs to be completed.
(a) Explain why students with a physical or mental disability may be at increased risk. (4)
(b) Identify other categories of people especially at risk. (2)
(c) Outline control measures that may need to be included in a Personal Emergency Evacuation
Plan (PEEP). (4)

ER-44
Question 8 During a fire drill exercise at a large multi-storey office premises, the majority of the
occupants evacuated the building in less than three minutes. However, all of the occupants
based in one area of the building failed to leave the building until a further four minutes had
elapsed.
(a) Outline what may have contributed to the delay in evacuation. (15)
(b) Outline reasons for conducting regular fire drills in workplaces. (5)
Question 11 During a fire drill exercise at a large multi-storey office premises, the majority of
the occupants evacuated the building in less than three minutes. However, all of the occupants
based in one area of the building failed to leave the building until a further four minutes had
elapsed.
(a) Outline factors that may have contributed to the delay in evacuation. (15)
(b) Outline reasons for conducting regular fire drills in workplaces. (5)

ER-45
Question 9 You have been asked to plan an emergency evacuation drill for a large office
building.
Outline factors that should be considered before, during and after the drill to help ensure that
the emergency evacuation is conducted safely. (20)

ER-46
Question 7 A factory manufactures upholstery using fabrics and plastic pellets. These raw
materials are delivered to a warehouse. The fabrics and plastic pellets are machined to form
furniture coverings and cushions. The finished product is then stored in a despatch warehouse
prior to distribution. The movement of goods around the premises is carried out by Liquid
Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuelled forklift trucks. The company is located on the outskirts of a small
town and employs 230 people.
Outline the range of factors that must be addressed to ensure an on-site fire risk assessment is
made for the premises. (20)

ER-47
Question 7 A conference centre is planning to extend its existing building to incorporate
childcare facilities on the ground floor and additional conference rooms to hire out to local
organisations on the upper floors.
Outline the range of factors that would need to be reviewed following completion of the
planned work to enable the conference centre’s fire risk assessment to be updated. (20)

ER-48
Question 7 A container port handles a wide range of ships’ cargo including dangerous
substances that are flammable, explosive and toxic.
Outline the on-site organisational arrangements that the Port Authorities need to make to
prepare for an emergency. (20)

ER-49
Question 6 As Health, Safety and Environment Manager at a hazardous installation you are
responsible for emergency planning. The site is regulated under the International Labour
Organisation (ILO) Code of Practice ‘Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents’ 1991.
(a) In the event of an uncontrolled release outline the need for emergency response measures.
(4)
(b) Outline the general emergency planning measures that should be taken by the ‘competent
authorities’ in association with the works management of the installation. (6)

ER-50
Question 7 Vehicles are repaired for the public in a motor vehicle repair workshop. The process
involves mechanical repair, preparation, spray painting and curing. The workshop is situated in
a single-storey building with only one means of escape.
Following a serious fire, the organisation needs to review the fire prevention and fire protection
measures in the workshop.
(a) Outline what should be considered when assessing the adequacy of the existing means of
escape. (12)
(b) Outline what should be considered when assessing the adequacy of the existing fire
detection and alarm systems. (8)

ER-51
Question 7 For a large supermarket with restaurant facilities:
(a) outline automatic fire protection systems that should be in place. (6)
(b) outline what should be considered when developing a safe means of escape for the
supermarket. (14)

Question 7 For a large supermarket with restaurant facilities:

(a) outline automatic fire protection systems that should be in place; (6)
(b) outline factors that should be considered when developing a safe means of escape for the
supermarket. (14)

Question 7 For a large supermarket with restaurant facilities:

(a) outline the automatic fire protection systems that should be in place; (6)
(b) outline the factors to be considered when developing a safe means of escape for the
supermarket. (14)

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Question 3 (a) In relation to automatic fire detection and alarm systems, outline the basic
principle AND operation of:
(i) heat detectors; (4)
(ii) smoke detectors. (4)
(b) Identify the circumstances in which EACH type of detector would be inappropriate. (2)

Question 2 (a) In relation to automatic fire detection and alarm systems, outline the basic
principle AND operation of:
(i) heat detectors; (4)
(ii) smoke detectors. (4)
(b) Identify the circumstances in which EACH type of detector would be inappropriate. (2)

Question 6 (a) In relation to automatic fire detection and alarm systems, outline the basic
principles of operation of:
(i) heat detectors; (4)
(ii) smoke detectors. (4)
(b) Identify the circumstances in which EACH type of detector would be inappropriate. (2)

ER-53
Question 6 A fire protection contractor has recommended the provision of portable water and
carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to be placed in a multi-storey office block.
(a) Identify the class of fire that the water extinguisher is designed for AND give an example of
a material that is included in this class. (2)
(b) Outline advantages of a carbon dioxide extinguisher. (2)
(c) Outline what should be considered in siting the extinguishers. (6)
Question 6 A fire protection contractor has recommended the provision of portable water and
carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to be placed in a multi-storey office block.
(a) Identify the class of fire that the water extinguisher is designed for AND give an example of
a material that is included in this class. (2)
(b) Outline advantages of a carbon dioxide extinguisher. (2)
(c) Outline factors to be considered in siting the extinguishers. (6)

ER-54
 Question 5 Slips are a common cause of workplace accidents.
(a) Outline what contributes to slip accidents at work. (6)
(b) Explain TWO tests for measuring the slip resistance of surfaces. (4)

ER-55
Question 6 (a) Explain how features of floor design can help reduce the risk of slipping. (5)
(b) Explain how the coefficient of friction (CoF) is used in workplace floor design. (5)

ER-56
Question 2 (a) Identify features of floor design that may help to reduce the risk of slipping. (4)
(b) Outline THREE methods of reducing the slip potential of the floor in use AND give reasons
why EACH method would be effective. (6)

ER-57
Question 1 An airline has noticed a significant increase in the number of slips and trips
experienced by airline workers while boarding and leaving aircraft. These incidents have
occurred both inside the aircraft and on the metal steps leading to the aircraft.
(a) Outline possible reasons for an increase in the number of slip and trip incidents. (5)
(b) Outline practical ways in which the airline could reduce the risk of slips and trips to the
airline workers. (5)

ER-58
Question 7 A rainwater gutter at a height of five metres is leaking.
Explain how you would apply the work at height hierarchy of control to the repair of the gutter.
(20)

ER-59
Question 7 A number of lights in a storage warehouse have failed and need replacing. The lights
are at a height of 5 metres.
Outline what should be taken into consideration when replacing the lights to help reduce the
risk of work at height. (20)

ER-60
Question 2 Ladders are often the most practical solution to working at height for short
durations.
(a) Outline the hazards associated with working from ladders. (2)
(b) Outline control measures that minimise risk when working from ladders. (8)

ER-61
Question 10 The International Labour Organisation’s Standard R175 and its associated Code of
Practice sets out general principles for ‘Safety and Health in Construction’.Minor repairs need
to be carried out to the sloping roof of a large twostorey property. A scaffold is to be erected in
order to gain access to the work area. Using the guidance in R175, outline the precautions
necessary for carrying out the repairs. (20)

Question 10 The International Labour Organisation’s Standard R175 and its associated Code of
Practice sets out general principles for ‘Safety and
Health in Construction’. Minor repairs need to be carried out to the sloping roof of a large two
storey property. A scaffold is to be erected in order to gain access to the work area. Using the
guidance in R175, outline the precautions necessary for carrying out the repairs. (20)

ER-62
Question 11 A company has been contracted to undertake maintenance work on the roof of a
building, which is partly constructed of fragile material.
(a) Identify the characteristics of the fragile material that may contribute to the risk of falls
through the roof. (5)
(b) Outline the measures to be taken to reduce the risk to those involved in the roof work and
those who may be affected by it. (15)

ER-63
Question 4 A scaffolder is lowering scaffold poles from the third floor of a scaffold tower to a
colleague below using a pulley wheel and rope. Next to the scaffold tower there is a shop
entrance. The scaffolder on the ground floor places the scaffold poles horizontally onto the
back of a vehicle parked on a busy road. The scaffolders have already received information,
instruction, training and suitable supervision.
Outline additional control measures that could help reduce the risk of injury to those who may
be affected by this activity. (10)
Question 5 A scaffolder is lowering scaffold poles from the third floor of a scaffold tower to a
colleague below using a pulley wheel and rope. Next to the scaffold tower there is a shop
entrance. The scaffolder on the ground floor places the scaffold poles horizontally onto the
back of a vehicle parked on a busy road. The scaffolders have already received information,
instruction, training and suitable supervision.
Outline the additional practical measures that could minimise the risk of injury to the
scaffolders and others who may be affected by this activity. (10)

Question 2 A scaffolder is lowering scaffold poles from the third floor of a scaffold tower to a
colleague below using a pulley wheel and rope. Next to the scaffold tower there is a shop
entrance. The scaffolder on the ground floor places the scaffold poles horizontally onto the
back of a vehicle parked on a busy road. The scaffolders have already received information,
instruction, training and suitable supervision.
Outline the additional practical measures that could minimise the risk of injury to the
scaffolders and members of the public during this activity. (10)

ER-64
Question 9 An independent scaffold is to be used as a working platform to carry out repairs to a
two-storey building.
(a) Outline factors that should be considered in order to confirm that the scaffold is safe to use.
(15)
(b) Identify the inspection requirements for the scaffold. (5)
Question 9 An independent scaffold is to be used as a working platform to carry out repairs to a
two-storey building.
(a) Outline factors which should be considered in order to confirm that the scaffold is safe to
use. (15)
(b) Identify the inspection requirements for the scaffold. (5)

ER-65
Question 7 You are the Safety Advisor to a company that installs satellite dishes. The dishes
need to be secured to the external walls of buildings and this involves work at height. Due to
limited access around these buildings and the typical heights involved (3 to 5 metres) ladders
are the only practicable way of carrying out the work. Workers are on their own when carrying
out the work.
(a) Describe the safety precautions that could reduce the risk of falls from height when using
ladders. (14)
(b) Outline the emergency procedures you would implement in the event of accident or illness
for this type of lone working. (6)

ER-66
Question 1 An organisation provides an overnight security guard service.
The duties of the security guard include locking the building at night, patrolling the perimeter,
conducting visual checks during the night and unlocking again in the morning.
(a) Explain why the security guard is at greater risk of harm as a lone worker in these
circumstances. (3)
(b) Outline what the organisation could provide to minimise the lone working risks of the
security guard. (7)

ER-67
Question 2 A lone worker is using a pallet truck to move pallets of frozen food products in a low
temperature store. The temperature of the store is controlled at -5˚ Celsius.
Outline control measures to help the worker escape if they are accidentally locked into this low
temperature store. (10)

ER-68
Question 8 (a) Outline hazards from the use of a scissor lift. (12)
(b) Outline control measures that would help protect members of the public when operating a
scissor lift in a supermarket during opening hours. (8)

ER-69
Question 1 (a) Identify the hazards associated with the use of mobile elevating work platforms
(MEWPs). (5)
(b) Outline the control measures that should be taken when using MEWPs. (5)

ER-70
Question 9 A storeroom is to be built for the storage of bulk stocks of palletised containers of
highly flammable paints and thinners.
(a) Outline what should be considered when designing and constructing the storeroom. (10)
(b) Outline what should be considered in the use of the storeroom. (10)

ER-71
Question 11 Outline the factors to consider with respect to the design, construction and use of
a storeroom that is to be used for the storage of bulk stocks of palletised containers of highly
flamm

ER-72
Question 9 An organisation is proposing to build a store room for stocks of flammable paints.
Outline factors to consider in the design, construction and use of the store room. (20)
able paints and thinners. (20)

ER-73
Question 8 As part of a water treatment system, a manufacturer is to install a plant suitable for
the reception and storage of sulphuric acid and caustic soda, both of which will be delivered in
road tankers. These substances are highly corrosive and can react violently together.
Outline the safety provisions required for:
(a) the design; (10)
(b) the operation; (6)
(c) the maintenance of the proposed storage facility. (4)
Question 10 As part of its water treatment system, a manufacturer is to install a plant suitable
for the reception and storage of a strong acid and a strong alkali, both of which will be
delivered in bulk tankers.
Outline the safety provisions required for the design, operation and maintenance of the
proposed plant. (20)

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Question 7 A golf course management team proposes to store 3.6 tonnes of a chemical
fertiliser, which is an oxidising substance, in a single-storey building. The chemical fertiliser is
delivered to the golf course in bags known as flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs). Each
bag contains 600kg of chemical fertiliser.
(a) Outline properties of an oxidising substance. (3)
(b) Outline the effects of oxidising substances on fire and explosion mechanisms. (4)
(c) Other than fire and explosion, outline risks when storing the chemical fertiliser. (3)
(d) Outline principles of safe intermediate storage of chemical fertiliser in the single-storey
building. (10)

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Question 10 (a) Outline the effects of a fire in a workplace on the following structural materials:
(i) steel; (4)
(ii) concrete; (4)
(iii) wood. (4)
(b) Outline precautions that could be taken to prevent failure of these materials in the event of
a fire. (8)
Question 7 (a) Describe the effects of a fire in a workplace on the following structural materials:
(i) steel; (4)
(ii) concrete; (4)
(iii) wood. (4)
(b) Outline the precautions that could be taken to prevent failure of these materials in the
event of fire. (8)

ER-76
Question 1 Compartmentation in buildings consists of fire resisting doors, walls, floors, ceilings
and windows. Window frames are potentially a weak point in this fire resistance.
(a) Outline how window frames made with the following materials might behave in a fire:
(i) wood; (3)
(ii) metal; (3)
(iii) plastic. (3)
(b) Identify which of these window frame materials gives the best overall fire resistance. (1)

ER-77
Question 1 (a) Outline structural features that protect a building from the spread of fire. (8)
(b) Outline the behaviour of plastics in the event of a fire. (2)

ER-78
Question 11 An external lift on a construction site has an interlocked guard to prevent the lift
operating when the gate is open. With reference to the diagram below:
(a) identify the two types of switch shown (Switch A and Switch
B); (2)
(b) identify the functional components associated with BOTH switches; (4)
(c) outline the normal sequence of operation for the electrically-operated, cam-activated
switch assembly when the gate opens and closes; (6)
(d) outline ways in which electrically-operated, cam-activated switches may fail to operate as
intended. (8)

Question 8 An external lift on a construction site has an interlocked guard to prevent the lift
operating when the gate is open. With reference to the diagram:
(a) identify the two types of switch shown (Switch A AND Switch B); (2)
(b) identify the functional components associated with BOTH switches; (4)
(c) outline the normal sequence of operation for the electrically operated, cam-activated switch
assembly when the gate opens and closes; (6)

ER-79
(d) outline ways in which electrically-operated, cam-activated switches may fail to operate as
intended. (8)

Question 8 An external lift on a construction site has an interlocked guard to prevent the lift
operating when the gate is open. With reference to the diagram below:
(a) identify the two types of switch shown (Switch A and Switch
B); (2)
(b) identify the functional components associated with BOTH switches; (4)
(c) outline the normal sequence of operation for the electrically-operated, cam-activated
switch assembly when the gate opens and closes; (6)
(d) outline ways in which electrically-operated, cam-activated switches may fail to operate as
intended. (8)

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ER-81
Question 1 (a) Outline TWO zone classifications for explosive atmospheres with a flammable
solvent in air. (4)
(b) Outline control measures to help reduce the risk of an explosion with a flammable solvent in
air. (6)

ER-82
Question 2 The designers of a large item of machinery are intending to include an access
opening in the side of the machine to allow an operator to reach inside with a single arm to
manually open a drain valve. Outline ergonomic factors that would influence the design of the
access opening. (10)

ER-83
Question 3 An office building has a passenger lift to transport office workers between floors.
(a) Outline hazards associated with using passenger lifts in the office building. (5)
(b) Outline control measures to help reduce risks to passengers when using lifts in the office
building. (5)
Question 4 (a) Outline hazards associated with using passenger lifts in the workplace. (5)
(b) Outline control measures to help reduce risks to passengers when using lifts in the
workplace. (5)

ER-84
Question 5 Large quantities of aerosol canisters are stored in a warehouse. The canisters
contain liquefied highly flammable gases.
(a) Outline what could cause a fire and explosion in these circumstances. (5)
(b) Outline fire precautions that could be taken to limit the spread of any resulting fire and
explosion. (5)
Question 5 Many household aerosol canisters contain propellants that are a mixture of highly
flammable materials such as iso-propane and iso-butane. These canisters are used for multiple
purposes including cleaning products, furniture polishes, cosmetics, deodorants, etc.
(a) Describe how a fire and explosion may occur when large quantities of these canisters are
stored in a commercial warehouse. (5)
(b) Outline the fire precautions that could be taken to limit the spread of any resulting fire and
explosion in such a warehouse. (5)

ER-85
Question 9 Workers are using lathes to make metal components.
(a) Identify FIVE types of mechanical hazard associated with lathes AND give a practical
example of EACH. (10)
(b) Outline control measures that help reduce risks associated with lathes. (10)
Candidates only need to relate answers to lathes and not computer numerically controlled
(CNC) lathes.
Question 9 Workers are using lathes to make metal components.
(a) Identify FIVE types of mechanical hazard associated with lathes AND give a practical
example of EACH. (10)
(b) Outline control measures that help reduce risks associated with lathes. (10)
Candidates only need to relate answers to lathes and not computer numerically controlled
(CNC) lathe

Question 10 Metal components are being manufactured by workers using metal turning lathes.
(a) Identify FIVE types of mechanical hazard associated with metal turning lathes AND give a
practical example of EACH. (10)
(b) Outline control measures that minimise risks associated with metal turning lathes. (10)
s.

ER-86
Question 10 A wood turning lathe is used to machine components.
(a) Identify mechanical and non-mechanical hazards of wood turning lathes AND, in EACH case,
give an example of the identified hazard. (12)
(b) The lathe is to be upgraded to a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. The new CNC
machine has an enclosure to prevent access to the machining area.
(i) Outline the key features of the enclosure of the CNC machine. (5)
(ii) Outline why access to the machining area might be required. (3)

ER-87
Question 8 An airport has an automated baggage handling system. A part of the system is a
series of large vertical storage racks, where baggage is placed on to trays. These trays are then
put on and taken off the racking by baggage handling robots.
(a) (i) Identify FOUR principles of safety integration. (4)
(ii) Outline how principles of safety integration could apply to the robots. (4)
(b) Outline key features for the baggage handling robots to operate safely. (12)

ER-88
Question 1 Members of the public have been injured when collecting baggage from a baggage
conveyor at an airport.
(a) Identify typical mechanical hazards when the conveyor is in use. (4)
(b) Outline control measures that should be in place to reduce the risk of injury from the
mechanical hazards. (6)

Question 3 Members of the public have been injured when collecting baggage from a baggage
conveyor at an airport.
(a) Identify typical mechanical hazards when the conveyor is in use. (4)
(b) Outline the control measures that should be in place to reduce the risk of injury from the
mechanical hazards. (6)

ER-89
Question 9 (a) Outline the features of industrial robots that may have particular implications
for safety. (6)
(b) Outline how the risk of injury to personnel working with, or in the vicinity of, industrial
robots might be minimised. (14)

ER-90
Question 3 In order to install a large item of machinery such as a turbine rotor it is sometimes
necessary to perform adjustments while the rotor is in motion. These adjustments are
necessarily undertaken with the rotor in an unguarded condition.
Outline the elements of a safe system for such work. (10)

ER-91
Question 10 Construction work is due to take place to repair the footpath of a single
carriageway road. The road is near to a busy school in a residential area. Trucks and buses use
the road occasionally.
Outline control measures that should be put in place to help ensure the safety of members of
the public. (20)
Question 10 Construction work is due to take place to repair the footpath of a single
carriageway road. The road is near to a busy school in a residential area. Trucks and buses use
the road occasionally.
Outline control measures that should be put in place to help ensure the safety of members of
the public. (20)
Question 9 Construction work is due to take place to repair the footpath of a single carriageway
road. The road is near to a busy school in a residential area. Lorries and buses use the road
occasionally.
Outline control measures that you would put in place to help ensure the safety of members of
the public. (20)

ER-92
Question 11 A truck-mounted crane delivers bulk materials to a construction site. The materials
are stored in flexible one-tonne bags. The crane is operated from the ground with a pendant
controller.
Outline control measures for safe delivery of bulk materials using this crane. (20)

ER-93
Question 7 A mobile crane is to be used to erect a new telecommunications aerial on the roof
of a three-storey office building.
Outline precautions that should be taken to help reduce risks to anyone at ground level who
may be affected by the operation. (20)
Question 10 A mobile crane is to be used to erect a new telecommunications aerial on the roof
of a three-storey office building.
Outline precautions that should be taken to help reduce risks to anyone at ground level who
may be affected by the operation. (20)

ER-94
Question 11 As a Health and Safety Officer you are asked to give advice to a lift supervisor
regarding a proposed lifting operation. The lift requires the use of two cranes working together
(a tandem lift).
Outline the elements of a safe system of work that you would expect to see in order that the
lift may be conducted safely. (20)

Question 8 An organisation is planning to carry out a lift that requires the use of two cranes
working together (a tandem lift).
Outline elements of a safe system of work in order to carry out the lift safely. (20)

ER-95
Question 1 During a construction project, a number of different types of crane will be necessary
to carry out mechanical lifting operations.
Outline factors that would need to be considered when selecting cranes that are suitable for
the required lifting operations. (10)

ER-96
Question 2 A battery-powered lift truck is being used in a potentially flammable atmosphere.
(a) Outline sources of ignition from the battery-powered lift truck. (4)
(b) Outline the protection that should be applied to the battery-powered lift truck to help
minimise the risk of an explosion. (6)

ER-97
Question 6 A diesel engine is being used to power a machine in a potentially flammable
atmosphere.
(a) Identify the sources of ignition from the diesel engine. (4)
(b) Outline the protection that should be applied to the engine to minimise the risk of an
explosion. (6)

ER-98
Question 2 An employer provides a multi-storey car park for its workers. The car park is made
of steel-reinforced concrete.
Following several major fires at similar car parks, a review is being conducted of the fire safety
arrangements.
(a) Outline ignition sources that could be present from the cars. (3)
(b) Outline combustible materials that could be present from the cars. (3)
(c) In the event of a serious fire, outline possible effects of fire on the building structure. (4)

ER-99
Question 5 An organisation uses a powered guillotine to trim paper to the correct size.
Outline control measures that can be taken to help minimise risk when operating the guillotine.
(10)

ER-100
Question 9 In relation to dust explosions:
(a) outline the conditions that must be present for a primary dust explosion to occur; (4)
(b) outline the additional conditions necessary for secondary explosions to occur; (4)
(c) identify FOUR factors that may affect the reliability of a nitrogen inerting system used in a
powdered aluminium process; (4)
(d) identify the design features that would minimise the likelihood and effect of a dust
explosion. (8)

Question 10 In relation to dust explosions:

(a) outline the conditions that must be present for a primary dust explosion to occur; (4)
(b) outline the additional conditions necessary for secondary explosions to occur; (4)
(c) identify FOUR key features of a nitrogen inerting system used in a chemical process; (4)
(d) other than a nitrogen inerting system outline design features that would minimise the risk
of a dust explosion. (8)

Question 11 In relation to dust explosions:

(a) outline conditions that must be present for a primary dust explosion to occur; (4)
(b) outline additional conditions necessary for secondary explosions to occur; (4)
(c) identify FOUR key features of a nitrogen inerting system; (4)
(d) other than a nitrogen inerting system, outline design features that would minimise the risk
of a dust explosion. (8)

Question 9 (a) Outline conditions that must be present for a primary dust explosion to occur.
(5)
(b) Outline additional conditions necessary for secondary explosions to occur. (5)
(c) Outline design features that would minimise the likelihood and effect of a dust explosion.
(10)

ER-101
Question 4 A disused chemical process plant is to be demolished to allow for the development
of a large sports stadium.
Outline what should be considered in a pre-demolition survey for the site. (10)

ER-102
Question 5 The control of risk when using work equipment relies on having trained and
competent workers who are appropriately supervised.
(a) Explain the differences between training and competence. (4)
(b) A worker is being transferred to an unfamiliar machine.
Outline training that might be required. (3)
(c) Explain the relationship between competence and supervision. (3)
Question 4 The control of risk when using work equipment relies on having trained and
competent workers who are appropriately supervised.
(a) Explain the differences between training AND competence. (4)
(b) Outline circumstances when training is likely to be required. (3)
(c) Explain the relationship between competence AND supervision. (3)

ER-103
Question 11 On construction sites, outline the roles and responsibilities of the:
(a) principal contractor; (6)
(b) designer; (4)
(c) contractors; (5)
(d) client. (5)

ER-104
Question 1 (a) Outline specific occasions when the operation of safety interlock
switches should be tested. (5)
(b) Outline suitable features of safety interlock switches that would help to ensure effective
operation. (5)

ER-105
Question 3 (a) Outline the principles of an interlocked machine guard. (4)
(b) Outline the principles of operation of trapped key control systems. (6)

ER-106
Question 11 Construction workers need to use a range of unpowered hand tools.
(a) Outline the criteria for the selection of hand tools for construction tasks. (10)
(b) Outline how risks to health and safety in construction, from the use of hand tools, are
controlled. (10)

ER-107
Question 8 Following a number of driving at work incidents, an organisation decides to
implement driver assessment and training.
(a) Outline what may help determine which workers need training. (8)
(b) Outline contents of a typical driver training programme. (12)

ER-108
Question 10 (a) Outline the causes of instability in a forklift truck (FLT). (8)
(b) Outline the content of a training programme for FLT drivers who are to operate a variety of
forklift trucks. (9)
(c) Identify THREE situations in which refresher training for FLT drivers would be appropriate.
(3)
Question 11 (a) Outline the causes of instability in forklift trucks (FLTs). (8)
(b) Outline the content of a training programme for FLT operators who are to operate a variety
of forklift trucks. (9)
(c) Identify THREE situations in which refresher training for forklift truck drivers would be
appropriate. (3)

Question 11 A road tanker is to be filled with petroleum (gasoline) at an installation.

(a) Identify FOUR hazards associated with this operation. (4)
(b) Describe how a vapour cloud explosion could be generated in this situation. (4)
(c) Outline practical ways of minimising the risk of an electrostatic charge. (4)
(d) Outline control measures that could reduce risks with road tanker filling. (8)

Question 9 A road tanker is to be filled with petroleum (gasoline) at an installation.

(a) Identify hazards associated with this operation. (4)
(b) Outline how a vapour cloud explosion could be generated in this situation. (8)
(c) Outline control measures that could reduce risks with road tanker filling. (8)
Question 4 The transfer of an extremely flammable liquid from a bulk storage tank to a road
tanker may generate static electricity.
Outline the control measures which would reduce the risk of ignition of the extremely
flammable liquid vapour due to static electricity. (10)
Question 5 The transfer of an extremely flammable liquid from a bulk storage tank to
a road tanker may generate static electricity.
Outline control measures that could reduce the risk of ignition of the extremely flammable
liquid vapour due to static electricity. (10)

ER-109
Question 2 (a) Analysis of system failure methods can be reductionist or holistic.
Give the meaning of the following terms:
(i) reductionist; (2)
(ii) holistic. (2)
(b) Reliability calculations depend on having robust reliability data.
Outline typical sources of reliability data. (6)

ER-110
Question 5 (a) Outline the principles of a vapour cloud explosion AND give an example of a
major incident associated with a vapour cloud explosion. (8)
(b) Outline the effects of a vapour cloud explosion. (2)

Question 4 (a) Outline the principles of a vapour cloud explosion AND give an example of a
major incident associated with a vapour cloud explosion. (8)
(b) Outline the effects of a vapour cloud explosion. (2)

Question 5 With examples of actual incidents, describe the principles and effects of a vapour
cloud explosion. (10)

Question 2 (a) Outline the principles of a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour

Explosion (BLEVE) AND give examples of actual incidents to support your answer. (8)
(b) Outline the effects of a BLEVE. (2)

ER-111
Question 11 In November 1984 the San Juanico gas storage facility near Mexico City exploded
with catastrophic consequences.
(a) Outline the circumstances of the disaster. (8)
(b) Outline how a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Cloud Explosion (BLEVE) occurs with a gas
storage vessel constructed of metal. (8)
(c) Outline the immediate rescue and restoration measures that took place. (4)

ER-112
Question 11 A new log splitting machine has been purchased for timber to be processed in a
sawmill. The machine operates as a hydraulic press with a moving vertical wedge that splits
wooden logs (see diagram below). The machine has been purchased from within the European
Union (EU) and comes with a Declaration of Conformity Certificate and an operator’s handbook.
The moving vertical wedge operates by means of a two-handed control of a hold-to-run type.

(a) Outline information that should be contained in the Declaration of Conformity Certificate.
(6)
(b) Describe how the operator is protected while the machine is working. (7)
(c) Describe warning signs associated with the machine. (7)

ER-113
Question 5 Unless appropriate precautions are taken, chemical reactions in a batch
manufacturing process can give rise to conditions that can lead to a ‘runaway reaction’.
(a) Outline what is meant by ‘runaway reaction’. (2)
(b) Identify conditions that may give rise to such an event. (4)
(c) Outline the design and operational features of chemical processes that are necessary to
prevent such an event. (4)

Question 1 Chemical reactions in a batch manufacturing process can lead to conditions which
can cause a ‘runaway reaction’ unless appropriate precautions are taken.
(a) Describe what is meant by ‘runaway reaction’
AND identify the conditions that may give rise to such an event. (6)
(b) Outline methods of control of industrial chemical processes necessary to prevent or
mitigate runaway reactions. (4)

ER-114
Question 2 With the aid of labelled sketches, outline the characteristic features of, and factors
that promote, the following types of materials failure:
(a) brittle failure; (5)
(b) ductile failure. (5)

Question 4 Outline the characteristic features of, and factors that promote, the following types
of materials failure:
(a) brittle fracture; (5)
(b) ductile failure. (5)
Question 6 (a) Explain how metal fatigue occurs. (4)
(b) Outline factors that can promote the following types of material failure:
(i) brittle fracture; (3)
(ii) ductile failure. (3)

ER-115
Question 9 Materials can fail through various modes.
(a) Outline the meaning of ‘metal fatigue’. (6)
(b) Identify TWO factors which can contribute to such a failure AND, for EACH factor, outline
ONE circumstance in which it may occur. (4)
(c) Outline:
(i) the characteristics of electrolytic corrosion; (5)
(ii) factors which cause electrolytic corrosion. (5)
Question 9 Materials can fail through various modes.
(a) Outline the meaning of ‘metal fatigue’. (6)
(b) Identify TWO factors which can contribute to such a failure AND, for EACH factor, outline
ONE circumstance in which it may occur. (4)
(c) Outline:
(i) the characteristics of electrolytic corrosion; (5)
(ii) factors which cause electrolytic corrosion. (5)

ER-116
Question 9 Corrosion is a major problem in many industrial processes.
(a) Outline the characteristics and causal factors of electrolytic corrosion. (8)
(b) Outline the strategies AND methods for identifying potential corrosion failures. (12)

ER-117
Question 3 Welded joints within safety critical pipework can be inspected by nondestructive
testing (NDT) methods.
Outline the principles of operation AND the advantages and disadvantages of:
(a) magnetic particle inspection; (5)
(b) ultrasonics. (5)

Question 4 (a) Outline the purpose of non-destructive testing (NDT) on items of plant. (2)
(b) Outline the principles, benefits and limitations of the following
NDT techniques:
(i) dye penetrant; (4)
(ii) radiography. (4)

ER-118
Question 7 A rectangular, steel-framed warehouse, measuring 40m x 100m and 18m high was
severely damaged in a storm. One of the long coated steel walls suffered catastrophic failure,
which in turn caused the flat roof of the warehouse to collapse and the other coated steel walls
to buckle.
(a) Outline the possible causes of this structural failure. (5)
(b) Outline the health and safety issues to be considered when planning the subsequent
demolition of the damaged warehouse. (15)

ER-119
Question 5 The 1963 International Labour Organisation’s Convention 119 (C119) concerns the
Guarding of Machinery. Part 1 considers general provisions; Part 2 concerns the sale, hire,
transfer and exhibition of machinery and Part 3 the use of machinery.
(a) Outline categories of machinery covered by Part 1 of the convention. (3)
(b) Give examples of transmission machinery (exposed moving parts) specified in Part 2. (2)
(c) Outline requirements for the use of machinery as specified in Part 3. (5)

ER-120
Question 3 You have been asked to investigate a boiler explosion at one of your company’s
sites. The maintenance manager has drawn you a sketch showing the position of the water
column isolating valves at the time of the explosion (see below).

(a) Describe the chain of events that could have led to an explosion due to the water column
valve being closed. (6)
(b) Other than the safety feature on the water column, identify FOUR other safety features that
you would expect to find on the boiler. (4)

ER-121
Question 5 Coal is delivered by train to a power station and is transported by belt conveyors to
a furnace. Conveyor workers check that the coal moves along the conveyors efficiently. These
workers have received suitable information, instruction and training and are supervised.
Outline additional control measures that could reduce risks to conveyor workers. (10)

Question 3 Coal is delivered by train to a power station and is transported by conveyors to a

furnace. Conveyor workers check that the coal moves along the conveyors efficiently. These
workers have received suitable information, instruction and training and are supervised.
Outline additional control measures that could reduce risks to conveyor workers. (10)

ER-122
Question 6 A large manufacturing company wants to minimise its emission of greenhouse
gases.
Identify the activities of the company that may lead to the release of greenhouse gas emissions
into the atmosphere. (10)

ER-123
Question 8 (a) Outline the possible health and safety effects of inadequate workplace lighting.
(4)
(b) Outline the factors that should be considered to ensure that lighting in a workplace is
adequate. (16)

ER-124
Question 3 Outline the issues that should be included in a fire safety training session for
workers. (10)
Question 6 Outline the issues that should be included in a fire safety training session for
employees. (10)
Question 2 Outline the issues that should be included in a fire safety training session for
workers. (10)

ER-125
Question 7 Outline the advantages and limitations of the following types of fall protection
devices AND give an example where EACH could be used:
(a) safety harnesses; (5)
(b) safety belts; (5)
(c) safety nets; (5)
(d) air bags. (5)
Question 7 Outline the advantages and limitations of the following types of fall protection
devices, giving a suitable application for each:
(a) safety harnesses; (5)
(b) safety belts; (5)
(c) safety nets; (5)
(d) air bags. (5)

ER-126
Question 4 Environmental pollution is a major concern in many industrial processes.
A number of alternative strategies are available to organisations to manage these risks.
Give the meaning of:
(a) Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC); (4)
(b) Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO); (3)
(c) Best Available Techniques (BAT). (3)

ER-127
Question 2 A vegetable packing plant employing 200 men and 60 women is about to open. The
plant will operate 24 hours a day on a three-shift system.
Outline the specific welfare arrangements that will be necessary prior to the factory opening.
(10)

ER-128
Question 5 A company produces waste in the form of a hazardous sludge and is concerned
about the increasing cost of using an approved contractor to dispose of the waste at a landfill
site.
Outline FIVE options that the company could consider to reduce the cost and environmental
impact of dealing with the waste. (10)

ER-129
Question 1 In 1988 a disaster occurred on the Piper Alpha platform in the United Kingdom.
(a) Identify mechanical failures that contributed to the initial explosion. (4)
(b) Outline the systems failures associated with the permit-to-work system that contributed to
the initial explosion. (6)

ER-130
Question 4 (a) Outline the features of a ‘fixed guard’ in relation to machinery safety. (2)
(b) Outline the factors to be considered in the design and use of fixed guards that minimise
risks to workers. (8)

ER-131
Question 6 A worker suspended in a fall protection harness is at risk of suffering from
suspension trauma with the potential for serious injury or death.
Outline the precautions an employer could take to reduce the risks to the worker in this

ER-132
Question 4 The residents of a village have recently been affected by a fallout of dust on their cars and
property. They allege that the dust came from cement works situated a few miles away.
Outline the steps that should be taken by those responsible for the cement works in order to
investigate whether emissions from the works are the cause of the problem. (10)

ER-133