International Organizations: the UNITED NATIONS

1. The UN was established during world war II.

a.   True

b.   False
2. The Vatican City is a member of the UN.

a.   True

b.   False
3. The UN contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.

a.   True

b.   False
4. The UN accepts contributions from its member states.

a.   True

b.   False

The United Nations was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations. It is an
international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law,
international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world
peace. The philosophy behind its establishment is to stop wars between countries, and to provide a
platform for dialogue. The members of the UN consist of 193 member states, including every
internationally recognized sovereign state in the world but Vatican City. The UN is headed by a
Secretary-General.

The organization has six principal organs:

1. the General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly);

2. the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security);

3. the Economic and Social Council (for assisting in promoting international economic and social
cooperation and development);

4. the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN);

5. the International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ);

6. and the United Nations Trusteeship Council (which is currently inactive).

Other prominent UN System agencies include the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Food
Programme (WFP) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

The United Nations Headquarters resides in international territory in New York City, with further main
offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary
contributions from its member states, and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French,
Russian, and Spanish.

International Organizations: UNICEF

1.
UNICEF was established before the end of world war II.

a.   True

b.   False
2. The organization relies only on governments contributions.

a.   True

b.   False
3. Most of UNICEF's work is in its headquarters.

a.   True

b.   False
4. UNICEF has won two awards so far.

a.   True

b.   False

UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. It was created by the
United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946, to provide emergency food and health care to
children in countries that had been devastated by World War II.

In 1954, UNICEF became a permanent part of the United Nations System. UNICEF relies on
contributions from governments and private donors. Governments contribute two thirds of the
organization's resources; private groups and some 6 million individuals contribute the rest through the
National Committees. Most of UNICEF's work is in the field, with staff in over 190 countries and
territories. More than 200 country offices carry out UNICEF's mission through a program developed
with host governments. Seven regional offices provide technical assistance to country offices as needed.
UNICEF's programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-
being of children. UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 and the Prince of Asturias
Award of Concord in 2006.

International Organizations: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

1. WHO was established by the United Nations

a.   True

b.   False
2. Health Organization replaced WHO in 1948.

a.   True

b.   False
3. WHO is concerned only with communicable diseases.

a.   True

b.   False
4. One of WHO's missions is to communicate information about diseases.

a.   True

b.   False

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is

concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in
Geneva, Switzerland. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations.
The constitution of the World Health Organization had been signed by all 61 countries of the United
Nations by 22 July 1946, with the first meeting of the World Health Assembly finishing on 24 July 1948
Since its creation, WHO has been responsible for playing a leading role in the eradication of smallpox
which is An acute, highly infectious, often fatal disease caused by a poxvirus. Its current priorities
include:

 communicable diseases, in particular, HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis;

 the mitigation of the effects of non-communicable diseases;
 sexual and reproductive health, development, and aging;
 nutrition, food security and healthy eating;
 substance abuse;
 and drive the development of reporting, publications, and networking.

WHO is responsible for the World Health Report, a leading international publication on health, the
worldwide World Health Survey, and World Health Day which is celebrated every year on 7 April.

International Organizations: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE

UNITED NATIONS

1. FAO's programs are addressed only to developing countries.

a.   True

b.   False
2. It was established in 1951.

a.   True

b.   False
3. Its funds come from selling agricultural programs.

a.   True

b.   False
4. FAO's headquarters are in the USA.

a.   True

b.   False
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of
the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. It was established on 16 October
1945. In 1951, its headquarters were moved from Washington, D.C., United States, to Rome, Italy.
Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet
as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The organization's Regular Program budget is
funded by its members, through contributions set at the FAO Conference.

FAO is also a source of knowledge and information, and helps developing countries and countries in
transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring good nutrition
and food security for all. Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates into English as "let there be bread".

International Organizations: WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME

1. WFP was permanently established in 1965.

a.   True

b.   False
2. Most of WFP work is addressed to adults.

a.   True

b.   False
 3. WFP's headquarters are in the United States.

a.   True

b.   False
4. One of the WFP's missions is to help poor people become self-reliant.

a.   True

b.   False

The World Food Programme (WFP) is the food assistance branch of the United Nations, and the
world's largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger worldwide. It was first established in 1961
after the 1960 Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Conference, when George McGovern,
director of the US Food for Peace Programmes, proposed establishing a multilateral food aid
programme. WFP was formally established in 1963 by the FAO and the United Nations General
Assembly on a three-year experimental basis. In 1965, the programme was extended to a continuing
basis.

WFP provides food, on average, to 90 million people per year, 58 million of whom are children. From
its headquarters in Rome and more than 80 country offices around the world, WFP works to help people
who are unable to produce or obtain enough food for themselves and their families. It is a member of the
United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee. The core strategies behind
WFP activities, according to its mission statement, are to provide food aid to:

1. save lives in refugee and other emergency situations,

2. improve the nutrition and quality of life of the most vulnerable people at critical times in their
lives,
3. and help build assets and promote the self-reliance of poor people and communities, particularly
through labour-intensive works programmes.

International Organizations: AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL

 1. Amnesty International is a governmental organization.

a.   True

b.   False
2. It was founded in 1951.

a.   True

b.   False
3. It is run only by volunteers.

a.   True

b.   False
4. The organization got more than one prize for its work.

a.   True

b.   False

Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization (NGO) which focuses on human rights. It

is also known as Amnesty and AI and has over 3 million members and supporters around the world.
Amnesty International is financed largely by fees and donations from its worldwide membership. It does
not accept donations from governments or governmental organizations. It is largely made up of
voluntary members, but retains a small number of paid professionals. The objective of the organization
is:

"to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights, and to
demand justice for those whose rights have been violated."

Amnesty International was founded in London in 1961, following the publication of the article "The
Forgotten Prisoners" in The Observer 28 May 1961, by the lawyer Peter Benenson. In this article,
Benenson cites the Universal Declaration of Human Rights articles 18 and 19, announced a campaign
on "Appeal for Amnesty, 1961" and called for "common action". Amnesty draws attention to human
rights abuses and campaigns for compliance with international laws and standards. It works to mobilize
public opinion to put pressure on governments that let abuse take place. The organization was awarded
the 1977 Nobel Peace Prize for its "campaign against torture", and the United Nations Prize in the Field
of Human Rights in 1978.