Class Adm No

Candidate Name:

2018 Preliminary Exams

Pre-University 3
H2 PHYSICS 9749/01
Paper 1 Multiple Choice 19 September 2018

Additional Materials: OMR Answer Sheet 1 hour

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Write your name, class, admission number and NRIC number on the OMR Answer Sheet in the spaces
provided.

There are thirty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four
possible answers A, B, C and D.

Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate OMR
Answer Sheet.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough
working should be done in this booklet.

The use of approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

This question paper consists of 14 printed pages.

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1 Which of the following pair of physical quantities includes a scalar quantity and a vector
quantity?

A work, magnetic flux density

B voltage, frequency
C resistance, charge
D tension, electric field

2 The acceleration of free fall g was determined during an experiment by a student. The table
below shows the recorded measurements.

Readings / m s-2

9.25 9.23 9.25 9.24 9.23

Which of the following gives a suitable description of the readings?

A The readings were accurate with large systematic error.

B The readings were accurate with large random error.

C The readings were precise with large systematic error.

D The readings were precise with large random error.

3 An e-scooter travels at a uniform velocity of 15 ms-1 along a level road and passes a motorised
bicycle which is initially at rest at t = 0 s. The motorised bicycle immediately accelerates
uniformly along the same direction to catch up with the e-scooter. At t = 6 s, both the e-scooter
and the motorised bicycle are 54 m apart.

What additional time will it take for the motorised bicycle to catch up with the e-scooter?

A 4.6 s B 9.0 s C 10.0 s D 15.0 s

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4 A squash ball approaches a squash player who gives it a hard hit with a swing of her racket.
The ball then returns directly to her opponent.

Which of the following is true about the squash ball and the racket during the time of contact?

A The force on the racket due to the ball is smaller than the force on the ball due to
the racket because the ball is much smaller and lighter than the racket.
B The force on the racket due to the ball is smaller than the force on the ball due to
the racket because the ball moves off with high speed after the contact whereas the
racket does not.
C The force on the racket due to the ball is larger than the force on the ball due to
the racket because smaller mass means smaller force.

D The force on the racket due to the ball is equal to the force on the ball due to the
racket.

5 A block of ice of mass 1.8 kg slides down a smooth slope from rest.

What is the momentum of the ice block after 3.0 s?

A 9.2 kg m s-1 B 18.4 kg m s-1 C 27.2 kg m s-1 D 53.0 kg m s-1

6 A missile of mass 3M was projected with a velocity of 50.0 m s−1 at an angle of 80° above the
horizontal. At the highest point, it explodes into three equal fragments X, Y and Z. Fragment
X moves vertically upwards with velocity of 25.0 m s−1. Fragment Y moves vertically
downwards with velocity of 25.0 m s−1.

What is the velocity of fragment Z?

A 8.6 m s−1 horizontally.

B 26.0 m s−1 horizontally.

C 8.6 m s−1 at an angle of 80° above the horizontal.

D 26.0 m s−1 at an angle of 80° above the horizontal.

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7 A 1.0 kg mass is at rest on a smooth horizontal surface. Three forces keep the 1.0 kg mass
in equilibrium.

What is the magnitude of force P?

A 6.3 N B 12.2 N C 18.5 N D 19.5 N

8 A 0.15 kg plastic cube of volume 1.0 x10-3 m3 is held at rest at the bottom of a tank of liquid of
density 3000 kg m-3. The cube is then released and rises up until it reaches a constant speed.
What is the upthrust on the plastic cube?

A 0.0 N B 1.5 N C 28.0 N D 29.4 N

9 A uniform rod of weight 50 N and length L is hinged at X to a wall as shown. A rope of length
L supports the rod and is also attached to the wall. A box of weight 24 N is suspended at the
other end of the rod.

What is the tension in the rope?

A 28 N B 49 N C 74 N D 85 N
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10 Two masses P and Q are connected by a light inextensible string which passes over a
frictionless pulley. P and Q are initially at rest and their masses are 4.0 kg and 6.0 kg
respectively. When Q is released, P moves up the plane inclined at 300 to the horizontal as
shown.

What will be the speed of Q after P has moved 3.0 m up the plane?

A 2.3 m s-1 B 3.3 m s-1 C 4.3 m s-1 D 5.3 m s-1

11 A motorised boat moving at constant speed S through still water experiences total drag X.
What is the power of the motorised boat?

A X2 S B ½ XS2 C XS D ½ XS

12 A ball is inside a pail that is moving in a vertical circle of radius 70.0 cm. The ball will just
remain in contact with the pail at the top of the circular path if the pail is rotating with a minimum
speed V. .

What is the minimum speed V of the pail?

A 2.6 m s-1 B 3.7 m s-1 C 26.0 m s-1 D 37.0 m s-1

13 A planet X has half the mass of the Earth and half its radius. The accelecration due to gravity
on the Earth’s surface is g. .

What is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of planet X?

A ¼g B ½g C g D 2g

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14 The mean kinetic energy of the gas molecules of an ideal gas at 573 K is 1.6 x 10-23 J.…….

Which of the following correctly shows the values of temperature and mean kinetic energy of
the gas molecules when the gas molecules are travelling twice as fast?

temperature / K kinetic energy / J

A 873 3.2 x 10-23

B 1370 3.2 x 10-23
C 2292 6.4 x 10-23
D 2573 6.4 x 10-23

15 The bob of a pendulum is moving in simple harmonic motion. The bob has maximum potential
energy at time t = 0 s.

Which of the following graphs best describes the variation of the acceleration a of the bob with
time t?

A B

C D
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16 A mass of 20 g is oscillating vertically in simple harmonic motion. The displacement of the

mass is given by the equation

x = 6.0 x 10-3 sin (3πt)

where x is in metres and t in seconds.

What is the magnitude of the maximum force acting on the mass?

A 0.01 N B 0.50 N C 1.80 N D 10.7 N

17 A longitudinal wave of frequency 100 Hz is traveling in a gas at a speed of 200 m s-1.

The phase difference between 2 points P and Q along the path of the wave is 5π/4 radian.

What is the distance between points P and Q?

A 0.525 m B 1.05 m C 1.15 m D 1.25 m

18 The same progressive wave is represented by the following graphs.

Which of the following gives the speed of propagation of the progressive wave?

A pq B C D

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19 A beam of plane-polarised light of intensity M after passing through polaroid P1 falls normally
on to a thin sheet of Polaroid P2 as shown below. When polaroid P2 is rotated through an
angle θ, the transmitted beam through polaroid P2 has an intensity of ¼ M.

What is the angle θ between the plane of incident polarisation and the polarising direction of
the polaroid P2?

A 600 B 450 C 300 D 22.50

20 The figure shows a stretched string of length L placed near a closed-pipe. The fundamental
mode of oscillation in the string occurs when the speed of waves in the string equals the speed
of soundwaves in the air.

In which closed-pipe below will the sound produced by the string cause resonance in the pipe?

A B

C D
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21 Red light of wavelength 700 nm passes through a Young’s double-slit arrangement. Fringes
of separation Z are observed in a plane 1.20 m away from the slits. The light source is then
replaced with blue light of wavelength 420 nm.…………………………………………………..

At what distance from the slits would fringes of the same separation Z be observed?

A 0.60 m B 0.72 m C 1.67 m D 2.00 m

22 Two identical point charges +Q of +1.45 × 10-15 C each are fixed 6.0 × 10-3 m apart as shown
below. An electron is then projected with a speed V into the plane of the paper at point S
which is 4.0 × 10-3 m away from the perpendicular bisector between the two charges.

Which of the following gives the magnitude of net force on the electron and the speed V with
which the electron must be projected into the plane of the paper at S to just perform circular
motion with its centre at point O. .

net force / N speed V / m s-1

A 8.34 x 10-20 1.2 x 104

B 1.33 x10-19 2.4 x 104
C 8.34 x 10-20 2.4 x 104
D 1.33 x10-19 1.2 x 104

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23 A battery of e.m.f. E and internal resistance r delivers a current I through a variable resistor R
as shown below.

The table below shows two different values of R and corresponding currents I measured using
an ammeter of negligible resistance.

What is the value of e.m.f E of the battery?

A 3.0 V B 3.5 V C 4.0 V D 6.0 V

24 The potentiometer is to be calibrated with a standard cell using the circuit shown. XY is a
1.000 m along uniform wire.

The balance point is found to be nearer X. The accuracy of the balance length can be
improved by having the balance point nearer to Y.

What should be varied to ensure the balance point is near Y?

A increasing P

B increasing R

C replacing the wire with one of higher resistance per unit length

D reducing Q
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25 The three parallel wires X, Y and Z carry currents of equal magnitude I in the direction shown.

Which one of the following gives the direction of the resultant force experienced by Y due to
the currents in X and Z?

A along Y
B towards Z.
C towards X.
D Along Z

26 An e.m.f is induced in a coil of wire that is rotating inside a magnetic field.

Which one of the following does not affect the magnitude of e.m.f induced in the coil?

A the angular velocity of the coil

B the resistance of the coil
C the number of turns of the coil
D the magnetic flux density

27 When a sinusoidal e.m.f of peak value V is connected across a resistor R, a current of

peak value I flows through it.

What is the mean power dissipated in the resistor?

A B C D
√2 √2 2

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28 When electrons are accelerated and then stopped suddenly by a metal, X-rays are produced.
The accelerating voltage across an X-ray tube is doubled.………………………………………...

Which of the following is true when the accelerating voltage across the X-ray tube is doubled?

A The intensity of the X-ray beam is doubled.

B The wavelengths of the characteristics lines are halved.
C The minimum wavelength of the X-rays is halved.
D The X-rays are most probably less penetrating.

29 The diagram shows a thin gold foil bombarded with alpha-particles.

What does the results of this experiment provide?

A wave properties of a gold atom

B size of a gold nucleus
C mass number of a gold atom
D binding energy of a gold nucleus

30 A radioactive sample of half-life of 10 minutes is placed 40.0 cm away from a radioactivity

detector. The detector gives an average count-rate of 39.0 s-1. In the absence of the
radioactive sample, the detector records an average count-rate of 5.0 s-1.

After 20 minutes, the detector, which is still facing the radioactive sample, is moved 20.0 cm
nearer the radioactive sample. The sample can be regarded as a point source of radiation.

What is the average count rate on the detector?

A 8.5 s-1 B 13.5 s-1 C 34.0 s-1 D 39.0 s-1

 2018 PU3 H2 PHY PE2
MARK SCHEME
Paper 1 (30 Marks)

1. A Work, magnetic flux density

2. C True g = 9.81 mean <g>=9.242 – large systematic error - not accurate

Δg = (9.25-9.23)/2=0.02 – small random error – precise

3. B At t=6 s, SA – SB = 54 → (15 x 6) – ( ½ x aB x 62) = 54 → aB = 2.0 m s−2

Let the time for B to catch up with A be T.
SA = SB
15 x T= ½ x 2 xT2 → T= 15.0 s Hence additional time =15 – 6 = 9 s.

4. D The force on the racket must be equal and opposite to the force on the ball
based on Newton’s 3rd Law.
5. A Acceleration along slope: a = g sin 100 = 1.7
velocity of block after 3.0 s: v=u +at = 0 + 1.7(3) = 5.1
momentum p=mv = 1.8 x 5.1 = 9.18 kg m s-1

6. B At maximum height, initial horizontal velocity = 50 cos 800 = 8.62 m s-1

At this instance when the missile explodes. Total vertical momentum is zero
By conservation of momentum,
total initial momentum (hor) = total final momentum of fragment Z (hor)
3M (8.62) = Mv (of fragment z) v = 25.9 m s-1

7. D Resolving forces vertically

30 sin 300 + 20 Sin 100 = Py Py = 18.5 N
Resolving forces horizontally
-30 cos 300 + 20 cos 100 = Px Px = -6.28 N
P= (18.52 + 6.282)1/2 = 19.5 N

8. D Upthrust U= weight of fluid displaced

U= (3000)(9.81)(1 x10-3) = 29.4 N
9. B Principle of moments about X
T sin60° x L = 50 x ½ L sin60° + 24 x L sin600
T = 25 + 24 = 49 N

10. B COE: gain in GPE by P + gain in KE by P and Q = Loss of GPE by Q

4 x 9.81 x 3sin300 + ½ (6+4) v2 = 6 x 9.81 x 3sin400
v2 = 10.9 v =3.31 m s-1

11. C At constant speed,

Driving force on boat = Total frictional drag X
P = F v = XS

12. A At the top: net force = centripetal force = +

Normal force N > 0 for ball to remain inside pail.

1
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> = √0.7 x9.81 = 2.6 m s -1

13. D Earth’s surface g=GM/R2

Planet X surface gx =G (0.5M) / (0.5R)2 = 2 GM/R2 = 2g

14. C K.E. of a molecule = ½ m vrms 2 KE = 3/2 kT

T (in K) and KE are proportional to vrms 2
When v increases to 2v
New KE= ½ m (2v)2 = ½ m v 2 x 4 = 1.6 x 10-23 x 4 =6.4 x 10-23 J
New T= 573 x4 = 2292 K

15. D Bob has maximum PE at t = 0 means that object starts at either extreme
positions at t = 0.
Since acceleration is proportional to displacement, the acceleration should
be either a positive maximum or negative maximum at t = 0.

16. A Max force = m amax = m ω2 x0

= 20 x 10-3 (3π)2 (6 x 10-3) = 1.07 x 10-2 ≈ 0.01 N

17. D Wavelength of wave

λ =v/f =200 / 100 = 2.0 m

Phase difference

= x= = x 2 = = 1.25

18. C Period T = p , frequency f=1/T=1/p , wavelength λ = q

Wave speed v = fλ = q/p
19. A Malus law I = I0 cos2θ
¼ M = M cos2θ cosθ =0.5 θ = 600
20. A String: Fundamental wavelength L=λ/2 Fundamental freq= v /λ =v/2L
(v=fλ)
Closed pipe: Fundamental wavelength L’ =λ/4 Fundamental frequency= v
/4L’
Resonance: Driving frequency of string = fundamental freq of pipe
v/2L = v /4L’ L’ = ½ L

21. D Fringe separation: =

( x )( . )
Red light: =
( x )( )
Blue light: = (same separation)
D= (700/420) (1.2)= 2.00 m

2
22. B

23 A COE: E = IR + Ir
E = (3.0)(1.0) + (3.0)r …………(1)
E = (2.0)(2.0) + (2.0)r …………(2)
Solving simultaneous equations: E = 6.0 V
24 B To shift the balance point to near Y, only increasing the resistance of the
variable resistor R will reduce the pd across wire XY (potential divider)
Reducing Q will shift the point to near X.
Varying P has no effect as current flow is zero at balance.
Likewise, replacing the wire with one of higher resistance per unit length will
shift the balance point towards X.

25 C Currents in X and Y are in the same direction. X and Y will experience

attractive force towards each other (i.e. force on Y is towards X).
Currents in Y and Z are in opposite directions. Y and Z will experience
repulsive force away from each other (i.e. force on Y is away from Z
towards X).
Resultant force is towards X.

26 B Faraday’s Law, the e.m.f. induced in the coil of wire rotating in a magnetic
field is proportional to the rate of change of flux in the coil.

Hence emf does not depend on resistance of coil.

27. D Given: peak voltage V and peak current across a resistor R

Mean power of a sinusoidal cycle <p> = ½ peak power
<p> = ½ x (Vpeak2 /R)

28. C Work done of electrons = energy of x-ray photons emitted (For max photon
energy)
eV = hf = hc/λ λ inversely proportional to potential difference
When V is doubled, λ is halved.

30. D Background = 5 s-1 ; Actual Count rate C = 39 – 5 = 34 s-1

20 minutes later (2 half-lives)
Actual C=34 (0.5)2 = 8.5 s-1
C∝1/r2
= = =4
Reading on detector C2= 4 x 8.5 + 5 =39.0 s-1

3
 Class Adm No

Candidate Name:

2018 Preliminary Exams

Pre-University 3
H2 PHYSICS 9749/02

Paper 2 Structured Questions 14 September 2018

Candidates answer on the Question Paper. 2 hours
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Do not turn over this page until you are told to do so. For Examiner’s Use
1 /10
Write your full name, class and Adm number in the
spaces at the top of this page and on any separate 2 /9
answer paper used.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the 3 /11
paper.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. 4 /12
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
5 /8
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected,
where appropriate. 6 /10
Answer all questions.
7 /20
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work
securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end Presentation
of each question or part question.
Total /80

This document consists of 20 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) A speed boat has an initial velocity of 12 m s-1 south. The speed boat then changes its course
to a final velocity of 16 m s-1 east. Determine the magnitude of the change in velocity, ∆ , of
the speed boat, and the angle between vector ∆ and the north direction.

magnitude of ∆ = …………………. m s-1 [1]

angle between ∆ and north = ……………………….° [1]

(b) A student uses a pair of vernier caliper to take several measurements of the diameter of a
rubber ball. He applies different pressures when closing the gap of the vernier caliper. State
and explain whether this introduces a systematic error or random error into the readings.

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….............

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….............

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….........[2]
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(c) The energy per unit time, P radiated by an object with a surface area A at thermodynamic
temperature T is given by
P = eσAT4
where e is the emissivity of the surface and σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant.

(i) Given that the SI unit for σ is W m-2 K-4, determine the base units of emissivity, e.

base units of e = …………………. [2]

(ii) In an experiment to determine emissivity e of a circular surface area of diameter d of

an object, the following measurements are taken:

P = ( 3.0 ± 0.2 ) W
d = ( 5.0 ± 0.1 ) cm
T = ( 500 ± 1 ) K
σ = 5.67 X 10-8 W m-2 K-4

Determine the value of emissivity, e of the surface and express it with its associated
uncertainty.

e = …………………. ± …………………. ………….. [4]

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2 (a) Derive, from the equations for uniformly accelerated motion in a straight line, the equation
= .

[3]

(b) A 2.0 kg box on a frictionless incline of angle 40ο is connected by a cord that runs over a
massless and frictionless pulley to a light spring of spring constant k = 120 N m−1, as shown
in Fig. 2.1. The box is released from rest along the inclined plane when the spring is
unstretched.

Fig 2.1

(i) Calculate the energy stored in the spring when the box reaches 10 cm down along
the incline.

energy = …………………. J [1]

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(ii) Determine, D, the distance along the incline moved through by the box before it
comes to a stop.

D = …………………. m [2]

(iii) State what will happen to the answer calculated in (b)(ii) if the inclined angle is
increased.

………………………………………………………..……………….………………..…. [1]

(iv) The frictionless incline is now replaced by a rough incline. Assuming the friction
between the rough incline and the box is 5.0 N, determine D’, the new distance
moved through by the box before it comes to a stop.

D’ = …………………. m [2]

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3 (a) State what is meant by simple harmonic motion.

…………………………………………………………………..……………….…………………….

…………………………………………………………………..……………….…………………….

…………………………………………………………………..……………….………………… [2]

(b) A smooth ball of mass m is held between two fixed points A and B by two similar springs,
each of spring constant k, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

motion of ball

A ball B

Fig. 3.1

When the ball is in equilibrium, the extension of each spring is e. The ball is then displaced
a small distance x to the right along the axis of the springs. The ball is then released and
oscillates on the smooth surface along the straight line joining points A and B.

(i) Show that the acceleration a of the ball is given by the equation

2 kx
a=−
m

[3]
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(ii) The mass m of the ball is 900 g and the spring constant k is 120 N m-1. The maximum
acceleration of the ball is 5.2 m s-2.

1. Determine the frequency of oscillation of the ball.

frequency = …………………. Hz [2]

2. Determine the amplitude of the oscillation.

amplitude = …………………. m [2]

3. Determine the maximum kinetic energy of the ball.

maximum kinetic energy = …………………. J [2]

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4 (a) A contractor tries to measure the depth of a new well shaft to build a ladder to reach the
bottom of the shaft. He uses an audio oscillator with adjustable frequency and applies it
across the top of the well. Two successive resonances are heard at 70.6 Hz and 90.8 Hz.
The speed of sound is 343 ms-1. Determine the depth of the well.

depth of well = …………………. m [3]

(b) An engineering student designed an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) using interference of
radio waves from two coherent emitters 2.0 m apart emitting radio waves of frequency f that
are in phase as shown in Fig. 4.1. The computer on the AGV detects and searches for lines
of constructive interference and adjusts the AGV so that it is always aligned along the
centre-line, in the middle of the emitters.

Fig 4.1
 11
(i) State and explain one disadvantage in using this method for the AVG to align itself
along the centre-line.

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….

.…………………………………………………………………………………….……… [2]

(ii) During one such operation, the AGV strays off the centre-line as shown in
Fig. 4.2.

Fig 4.2

Fig. 4.3 shows the radio signals X and Y detected by the receiver on the AGV.

Fig 4.3

1. State and explain whether the source of signal X is from emitter A or B.

.…………………………………………………………………………………………

.…………………………………………………………………………………………

.…………………………………………………………………………………………

.………………………………………………………………………………..…… [2]

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2. State the phase difference between signals X and Y.

phase difference = …………………. rad [1]

3. Assuming the path difference is less than one wavelength, determine

frequency f of the radio wave used.

frequency f = …………………. Hz [4]

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5 (a) Define electric potential in an electric field.

…………………………………………………………………..……………….…………………….

…………………………………………………………………..……………….………………… [1]

(b) Two spherical charges P and Q, each of mass m = 0.20 g are separated by a horizontal
distance of 30 mm as shown in Fig. 5.1. P has a charge of +20 μC and Q has a charge of
−40 μC.

Fig 5.1

(i) In Fig 5.2, r represents the distance from centre of P towards centre of Q. On the axis
provided, sketch the variation of the resultant electric potential V between boundaries
A and B.

Fig 5.2
[3]

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(ii) Q is then projected away from P with an initial speed u such that it reaches a position
far enough beyond the influence of charge P.
1. Determine the electric potential energy of Q at its initial position.

electric potential energy = …………………. J [2]

2. Determine the minimum initial speed u required.

minimum speed u = …………………. m s-1 [2]

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6 (a) Electrons are emitted from a metal surface when light of a particular wavelength is incident
on the surface. Explain why the emitted electrons have a range of values of kinetic energy
below a maximum value.

…………………………………………………………………..……………….…………………….

…………………………………………………………………..……………….…………………….

…………………………………………………………………..……………….…………………….

…………………………………………………………………..……………….………………… [2]

(b) An evacuated tube contains two parallel metal electrodes, one of which is an emitter of
electrons and the other a collector. The emitter has a work function energy of 2.0 eV and is
illuminated with electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 410 nm. The area illuminated on
the emitter is 24 mm2. The potential difference V between the collector and the emitter is
adjusted, and the photocurrent I is measured. Fig. 6.1 shows the variation of I with V.

Fig 6.1

On Fig 6.1, sketch graphs to show the variation of I with V when the following changes are
made to the original setup.

(i) The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is kept constant but its intensity is
reduced by half. Label the graph (i). [2]

(ii) The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is decreased but its intensity is kept
constant. Label the graph (ii). [2]

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(iii) At a particular setting, a photocurrent of 4.8 × 10−10 A was observed.

1. Determine the rate of emission of photoelectrons.

rate of emission = …………………. s-1 [1]

2. Hence, determine the intensity of the light source, assuming that 1 in 2500
photons succeeds in ejecting an electron from the surface.

intensity = …………………. W m-2 [3]

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BLANK PAGE

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7 A German astronomer, Johannes Kepler, deduced that for a planet in a circular orbit around the
Sun, its period of rotation T and the radius of its orbit r, is related by

T2 ∝ r3 .

(a) Using Newton’s law of gravitation and considering the mass of Saturn to be M, show that,
for a circular orbit of a moon around Saturn,
4π 2 3
T2 = r .
GM

[3]

(b) Table 7.1 contains some of the data for the major moons of Saturn.

Table 7.1

mean distance
period from centre of
moon lg (T / s) lg (r / m)
T / 106 s Saturn
r / 109 m
Enceladus 0.121 0.238 5.08 8.38
Tethys 0.164 0.295 5.21 8.47
Rhea 0.380 0.501
Titan 1.38 1.26
Lapetus 6.83 3.56 6.83 9.55

Complete Table 7.1 for the moons Rhea and Titan. [2]
 19
(c) Fig. 7.1 shows a graph representing the variation of lg (T / s) with lg (r / m) for the moons
of Saturn, with some of the data from Table 7.1 plotted.

Fig 7.1
On Fig 7.1,

(i) plot the points corresponding to the moons Rhea and Titan. [1]

(ii) draw the line of best fit for all the data points. [1]

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 20
(d) (i) Determine the gradient of the graph in Fig 7.1.

gradient = …………………. [2]

(ii) Hence, discuss whether the data in Fig 7.1 supports the relation given in (a).

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….

.…………………………………………………………………………………….……… [2]

(e) Dione, which is another moon of Saturn, has an orbital radius of 3.78×105 km.

Using the graph in Fig. 7.1, determine the period of Dione’s orbit around Saturn.

period = …………………. s [2]

(f) Scientist were able to determine the mass of planets in the Solar System through studying
the orbits of their moons.

(i) Using Fig 7.1, determine the mass of Saturn.

mass = …………………. kg [2]

 21
(ii) A student studying the orbits of the moons of Saturn decides to determine the mass
of Saturn with the orbital radius and period of Titan only.

Discuss one disadvantage of using this method as compared to (f)(i).

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….

.…………………………………………………………………………………….……… [2]

(iii) It was reported that another moon of Saturn, Mimas, has a period of rotation
7.78 × 104 s and orbits at a height of 1.79 × 105 km above Saturn’s surface.
Comment on the accuracy of this report.

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….

.…………………………………………………………………………………….………….

.…………………………………………………………………………………….……… [3]

[Turn over
 22

BLANK PAGE
2018 Preliminary Exams
Pre-university 3 Paper 2
H2 Physics
9749
Mark Scheme
 Mark Scheme

1 (a)

C0
Change in Velocity = Final V – Initial V
Magnitude = √(16 + 12 ) = 20 A1
Direction, = tan-1 (16/12)
= 53.13˚
= 53.1° A1
(b) This is because as different pressures are applied in closing the gap
of the vernier calipers, the readings will be inconsistent and M1
fluctuate around the average reading.
Random error. A1
OR
This is because the pressure applied can be consistently more than
what is necessary hence resulting in a reading consistently less M1
than the actual reading.
A1
Systematic error.
(c)(i) units of P
Units of e =
units of (σ AT 4 )
W
= −2 −4
(Wm K )( m 2 )( K 4 ) C1
= 1 (OR No units) A1
(ii) P P
e= =
σ AT 4 d2 4
σ (π )T C1
4
3
= = 0.4312
0.052
(5.67 x10 )(π
−8
)5004
4
Δe ΔP Δd ΔT 0.2 0.1 4
= +2 +4 = + 2( ) +
e P d T 3 5 500 M1
Δe = ( 0.115 )( 0.431) = 0.05
e ± ∆e = (0.4312 ± 0.05 ) (mark is for calculating e and ∆ e C1
correctly)
Therefore, e ± ∆e = (0.43 ± 0.05 ) A1
(Mark for correct decimal places)
 2 Concepts tested: Work, Energy, Power
(a) For an object mass m, moved by a force F, undergoing acceleration M1
a through a displacement s, with initial velocity u and final velocity v.

F = ma
Work done = Fs = mas

= +2 M1

1 1 M1
= = − =
2 2
= 0, =

1 A0
=
2

(b)(i) EPE = ½ k s2 = ½ (120)(10 × 10-2)2 = 0.60 J A1

(b)(ii) Using COE:
KEi + GPEi + EPEi = KEf + GPEf + EPEf
0 + (2.0)(9.81)(Dsin40) + 0 = 0 + 0 + ½ (120)D2 C1
D = 0.210 m A1
(b)(iii) D will increase. B1
(b)(iv) Using COE:
KE + GPE + EPE = KE + GPE + EPE + Wby box
0 + (2.0)(9.81)(D’sin40) + 0 = 0 + 0 + ½ (120)D’2 + (5.0)D’ C1
D’ = 0.127 m A1

3 (a) Simple harmonic motion is defined as the motion of an object whose B1

acceleration a is proportional to its displacement x from a fixed point
(equilibrium position)

and is always directed towards that fixed point. B1

(b)(i) forces in springs are k(e + x) and k(e - x)

resultant = k(e + x) - k(e - x)

= 2kx C1
By Newton’s Second Law,

Fnet = ma M1
negative sign explained as the acceleration is always oppositely M1
directed to the displacement.
2 kx
a=−
m A0

(b)(ii)1 2k
ω2 =
m

2 ⋅ (120 )
(2πf)2 =
0.900
 C1
f = 2.60 Hz A1
(b)(ii)2 C1
a0 = ω2x0 = 5.2
5.2
x0 =
2 ⋅ (120)
0.900

= 1.95 x 10-2 m or 1.95 cm A1

(b)(ii)3 1
Max kinetic energy = m(ωx0)2
2 M1
1 2 ⋅ (120 )
= (0.900) ( ) (0.0195)2
2 0.900
= 0.0456 J A1

4 (a) Show understanding of how the stationary of one open and one C1
close if formed via 2 diagrams
n 1
λ1 ( + ) = D
2 4
n +1 1
λ2 ( + ) = D
2 4
343 n 1 343 n 3
( + ) = ( + )
70.6 2 4 90.8 2 4
n = 3 M1

D = 8.50 m A1
(b)(i) There are multiple lines of constructive interference apart from the M1
middle line between the emitters.
The AGV might align itself to these other lines of constructive A1
interference instead.
(b)(ii)1 The intensity of signal is lower as the signal travels further spreads M1
over a larger surface area as it is further from the AGV,
The signal is from Emitter B. A1
(b)(ii)2 rad or 1.05 rad B1

(b)(ii)3
Dist. from A to AGV = 72 + 502 = 50.488 m
C1
Dist. from B to AGV = 52 + 502 = 50.249m
∆ ∆
= =
2 3(2 )

∆ =
6
Path Difference =
λ
6
= 50.488 – 50.249 = 0.238m
 λ = 1.429 m C1
3 × 10 C1
=
1.429
= 2.10 x 108 Hz (2 to 3 sf) A1

5 (a) Electric potential at a point is the work done per unit positive B1
charge to bring a small charge from infinity to that point
(b)(i)

[B1] shape: non-zero gradient

[B1] r axis intercept nearer to P
[B1] magnitude of V at B > magnitude of V at A
(b)(ii)1 Q Q C1
Electric potential energy = P Q
4πε o r
(+20 × 10 )(−40 × 10 )
(9 × 10 )
0.030
= – 240 J A1
(b)(ii)2 By conservation of energy, C1
+ = +
1
(0.20 ×10-3)u2 + (-240) = 0
2
u = 1550 m s-1 A1

6 (a) Max KE possessed by electron emitted from surface layer B1

Electrons below the surface loses energy along the way as they B1
move towards surface, so less KE than KEmax
 (b)(i)

B1
½ intensity  current is reduced by half
same stopping potential B1
(b)(ii) wavelength is decreased but intensity is constant  number of B1
photons is reduced so current decreases.
Can decrease below (i) current.
but higher stopping potential B1
(b)(iii)1 I 4.8 × 10 −10 A1
n= = −19
= 3.0 × 109 s−1
e 1.6 × 10
(b)(iii)2 The intensity, i
1
= ( )( )
where N = number of photons incident per second = 2500n C1
Nhc 2500(3.0 × 109 )(6.63 × 10 −34 )(3.0 × 108 )
i= = C1
Aλ (24 × 10 −6 )(410 × 10 −9 )
= 0.152 W m-2 A1

7 (a) Let the mass of the satellite be m.

According to Newton’s Law of Gravitation,

GMm
FG =
r2

Centripetal force Fc = mr
M1
When the satellite orbits around the planet in a circular orbit, the M1
gravitational force acting on the satellite by the planet provides the
centripetal force for the orbit.
FC = FG
=

2 M1
( ) =
4
= A0
 (b) Rhea: B1
lg = lg(0.380 × 10 ) = 5.58
lg = lg(0.501 × 10 ) = 8.70
Titan: B1
lg = lg(1.38 × 10 ) = 6.14
lg = lg(1.26 × 10 ) = 9.10

(c)(i)

correct plots

B1
(c)(ii) B1
Best fit line
(d)(i) Gradient M1
6.60 − 5.11
=
9.40 − 8.40

= 1.49 (within 1.47 – 1.53) A1

(d)(ii) The moons of Saturn which orbit in circular paths must obey
4π 2 3
T2 = r . Linearising this equation will lead to the equation
GM
1 4π 2 3
lgT = lg + lg r . M1
2 GM 2
On a graph showing the variation of lgT with lgr , this equation is
represented by a straight line with a gradient of 1.5. Since the
gradient of the graph in Fig 7.2 is 1.49, the data supports he
A1
relationship in (a).
(e) lg(3.78 × 108 ) = 8.58 C1
From the graph, the corresponding value for lgT is 5.38.
Hence, T = 10 5.38 = 2.40 × 1 0 5 s
A1
(f)(i) 1 4
lg = lg + (1.49) lg
2
Substituting (9.40, 6.60)
1 4
6.60 = lg + (1.49)(9.40)
2 (6.67 × 10 )
M1
= 3.84 × 10 kg A1
(f)(ii) Multiple sets of readings were used in calculating the mass in (f)(i),
as compared to only one set used in the student’s calculation. Using
multiple sets of readings help to reduce the random error through
the use of a best fit line. B1
This means that the student’s calculation will be less accurate than B1
the values calculated in (f)(i).
(f)(iii) Using T = 7.78×104 s,
1 4
lg(7.78 × 10 ) = lg + 1.49 lg M1
2 (6.67 × 10 )(3.84 × 10 )
r = 1.79 ×105 km
r is the orbital radius, which is the distance from the centre of Saturn
to the centre of the Moon Mimas, not from the surface of Saturn. M1
Thus the report is inaccurate. A1
 Class Adm No

Candidate Name:

2018 Preliminary Exams

Pre-University 3
H2 PHYSICS 9749/03

Paper 3 Long Structured Questions 17 September 2018

Candidates answer on the Question Paper. 2 hours
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Do not turn over this page until you are told to do so. For Examiner’s Use
Sect A
Write your full name, class and Adm number in the 1 /10
spaces at the top of this page and on any separate
answer paper used. 2 /12
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the
paper. 3 /13
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. 4 /7

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, 5 /7

where appropriate.
6 /11
Section A
Answer all questions. Sect B
7 /20
Section B
Answer one question only.
8 /20
You are advised to spend one and half hours on Section
A and half an hour on Section B. Presentation

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work

securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end Total /80
of each question or part question.

This document consists of 24 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

[Turn over
2
3

[Turn over
 4
Section A
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the variation of force F with the extension x of a spring.
F

F2

F1

x
0 x1 x2

Fig. 1.1

The extension of the spring is increased from x1 to x2.

Show that the work done W in extending the spring is given by
1
W= k (x2 2 - x1 2 )
2
where k is the spring constant.
[2]
 5
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows a signboard suspended by two elastic springs.

40°
spring 1 50°
Fig. 1.2
spring 2
signboard

(i) State the conditions for equilibrium.

………………………………………………………………………………….........................

……………………………………………………………………………….…………............. [2]

(ii) On Fig. 1.2, draw and label clearly the forces acting on the signboard. Mark the centre
of gravity of the signboard with a dot and label the point as G. [2]

(iii) Given that the tension in spring 1 is 300 N and the tension in spring 2 is 252 N,
determine the weight of the signboard.

weight = ………………….. N [2]

(iv) The signboard is pulled vertically downwards with a force of 20 N so that the springs
are stretched to a new position. Determine the acceleration of the signboard
immediately after it is released.

acceleration = …………………………….m s-2 [2]

[Turn over
 6
2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the variation of the gravitational potential with distance r along a line joining the
centres of the moon and the Earth.

6 −1
φ / 10 J kg

r / km

-2.5

-62.5
Surface of either Surface of either
the moon or the the moon or the
Earth Earth
Fig. 2.1
(i) Explain whether r is measured from the moon or the Earth.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) A 1500 kg meteorite needs a minimum energy of 2.25 x 109 J to reach the neutral point as
it travels from the moon to the Earth.

1. Explain what is meant by the neutral point between the moon and the Earth.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
 7
2. Determine the gravitational potential at the neutral point.

gravitational potential = ………………. J kg-1 [2]

3. Determine the speed at which the meteorite would hit the Earth. You may neglect
atmospheric resistance.

speed = ………………… m s-1 [2]

(b) The mass of the Earth is 5.98 x 1024 kg and the moon takes 27.4 days to orbit the Earth.

(i) Show that the distance between the centre of the Earth and the moon is about
384 000 km. [2]

(ii) Hence, determine the linear speed of the moon.

linear speed = ……………………. m s-1 [2]

[Turn over
 8
(c) An astronaut in a spacecraft orbits around the Earth in a circular path. The astronaut appears to
float inside the spacecraft. Students A and B provide some explanations about this observation
of weightlessness.

1. Student A claims that the astronaut floats because he has no weight.

2. Student B claims that the astronaut floats because both the astronaut and the spacecraft have
the same centripetal force.

Comment on the validity of each of these explanations.

1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
 9

3 (a) (i) One of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases is that the motion of gas
molecules is random. Therefore explain why the average momentum of the gas
molecules in a container is zero.

[2]

(ii) According to the kinetic theory of gases, explain how a gas exerts a pressure on the
walls of a container.

[3]

(b) A student designed an air-filled “load-lifting” system where the air could be uniformly
heated by suitably located electrical heaters in the enclosure of the system. All sides of
the enclosure have good thermal insulation and the top surface is movable vertically.
The volume of air inside the enclosure at tempature of 300 K and pressure of 101.0 kPa
is 2.000 m3.
When a load of mass 500 kg is placed on the top of the movable surface of the system,
an average depression of 5.0 cm of the top surface is observed and the volume of air in
the enclosure is reduced to 1.947 m3.

(i) State the first law of thermodynamics.

[2]

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 10

(ii) The air may be considered as an ideal gas. Determine

1. the change in internal energy of the air in the system after the load is placed
on top of the movable surface.

change in internal energy = ……………………. J [3]

2. the new pressure of air in the system.

new pressure = ………………….. kPa [3]

 11

Question 4 begins on next page

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 12
4 Fig. 4.1 shows how the resistance of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) varies with the intensity of the
light incident on it.

resistance / kΩ

incident light intensity / W m−2

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.2 shows a light-sensing potential divider circuit used in a lamp where the potential difference
across the LDR can be used to control the brightness of the lamp in a room.

1.2 kΩ

9.0 V
p.d. to control
brightness of
lamp

Fig. 4.2

The battery has an e.m.f. of 9.0 V and negligible internal resistance. A fixed resistor of
1.2 kΩ and the LDR is connected in series with the battery. When the room is in a low-light condition,
the potential difference across the LDR reaches 7.0 V.

(a) State and explain quantitatively, if the resistance of the LDR is inversely proportional
to the intensity of the light incident on it.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
 13

(b) Calculate the resistance R of the LDR.

R = ………………….. kΩ [3]

(c) Use Fig. 4.1 to determine the intensity of light incident on the LDR.

light intensity = ........................................ W m−2 [1]

(d) Fig. 4.3 shows a close-up of the LDR device used in the circuit in Fig. 4.2. The LDR consists
of a uniform strip of semiconductor whose resistance is dependent on the intensity of the
light incident on it. The cross-sectional area of the strip is 0.50 mm2.

10.0 mm
LDR
5.0 mm

Fig. 4.3
Use your answer in (b) to estimate the resistivity of the LDR.

resistivity = ........................................ Ω m [2]

[Turn over
 14

5 (a) (i) Fig. 5.1 shows the cross section of a wire XY which carrying a constant current
flowing out of the plane of the paper at right angles. Sketch the magnetic flux
[2]
pattern due to the current.

Fig. 5.1

(ii) The current-carrying wire XY in (a)(i) is placed in the region between the poles of
a strong magnet. Sketch in Fig. 5.2 the resultant magnetic flux pattern in the region
between the poles of a magnet. [2]

Fig. 5.2
 15

(b) The setup in (a) is now placed on a top-pan balance as shown in Fig. 5.3 and Fig. 5.2
shows the front view. Outside the region between the poles of the strong magnet, the flux
density can be considered as zero. When there is no current passing through XY, the top-
pan balance is tared.

S
N

Fig. 5.3

A direct current is now passed through the wire in the direction from Y to X.
State and explain the observation in the reading on the top-pan balance.

…………………………………………………………………………………….........................

…………………………………………………………………………………….........................

…………………………………………………………………………………….........................

…………………………………………………………………………………….........................

……………………………………………………………………………………......................... [3]

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 16

6 The radioactive isotope plutonium-238 ( ) has a half-life of 86 years and decays by emitting an
alpha particle with little or no gamma emission. The daughter nucleus is an isotope of uranium (U).
The mass of is 238.0496 u and the mass of an α-particle is 4.0026 u.

(a) Write down an equation representing the decay, indicating clearly the atomic number and
mass number of each nucleus.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) The total kinetic energy of the products is 5.649 MeV.

(i) Calculate the mass of the uranium nucleus formed in the reaction, giving your answer
in terms of atomic mass units to 4 decimal places.

mass of uranium nucleus = ………………………. u [3]

(ii) By using the principle of conservation of momentum, show that the ratio of the kinetic
energy of the alpha particle to that of the uranium nucleus is 58.5. [3]
 17

(iii) Hence, calculate the kinetic energy of the alpha particle.

kinetic energy = ……………………… MeV [2]

(c) Satellites can be powered by the energy produced by the decay of plutonium. Plutonium is
not placed in its pure form in the satellites, but installed as bricks of plutonium dioxide, PuO2.
PuO2 is a ceramic and when it is shattered, it breaks into large pieces rather than smaller
and more dangerous dust.

(i) Explain why there is no difference in the probability of decay of plutonium

whether it exists as pure plutonium or in the form of PuO2.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(ii) Suggest a reason why large pieces of PuO2 pose less of a health risk than plutonium
dust, which can be inhaled into the body.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[1]
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[Turn over
 18

Section B
Answer one question in this section in the spaces provided.

7 (a) A ball of mass 320 g is projected at an angle by a ball launcher. Air resistance is not negligible.
The ball is launched from a height of 0.50 m above the level ground.

The variation with time t of the vertical velocity component vy of the ball is shown in
Fig. 7.1.

vertical 25
velocity
component,
vy / m s−1
20

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 t/s

-5

-10

-15

Fig. 7.1
 19
(i) Estimate the vertical height from level ground reached by the ball at t = 1.0 s.

height = ……………………………… m [2]

(ii) Estimate the vertical component of the air resistance that is acting on the ball at
t = 1.0 s.

air resistance = ……………………………….N [3]

(iii) In the case that air resistance is negligible, the ball has a horizontal velocity component
of 12.0 m s-1.

1. On Fig. 7.1, sketch a graph to show the variation with time t of the velocity
vertical component of the ball. Label this line Z. [2]

2. Hence, determine the resultant velocity of the ball at t = 1.0 s.

velocity = ……………….. m s-1 [2]

[Turn over
 20
(b) Another 2 balls, X and Y are travelling towards each other along a horizontal frictionless
surface.

(i) Show how the principle of conservation of linear momentum can be derived using
Newton’s Laws.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]

(ii) 1. The two balls collided and rebounded in opposite directions. Table 7.1 shows
data for X and Y during the collision.
Table 7.1

ball mass / g velocity just before velocity just after

collision / m s–1 collision / m s–1

X 50 +4.5 -1.8

Y M -2.8 +1.4

The positive direction is horizontal and to the right.

Use your answer in (b)(i) to determine the mass of Y.

mass of Y = …………………… kg [3]

 21
2. State and explain quantitatively whether the collision is elastic.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(iii) The variation of the force that X exerts on Y with time is shown in Fig. 7.2.

F/N

t/s

Fig. 7.2

1. Sketch a graph on Fig. 7.2 to show the variation of the force that Y exerts on X
with time. Explain your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

2. Explain what the shaded area in Fig. 7.2 represents.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

[Turn over
 22
8 Fig. 8.1 shows a rectangular coil. The coil has 25 turns with dimensions of 15.0 cm by 6.0 cm.

coil of 25 turns
15.0 cm

6.0 cm
Fig. 8.1
(a) (i) Define magnetic flux.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

(ii) A uniform magnetic field of flux density 25 mT is at right angles to the plane of the coil
initially.

Calculate the magnetic flux through the coil at this instance.

magnetic flux =…………….......Wb [1]

 23
(b) (i) Fig. 8.2 shows the sinusoidal variation with time t of the magnetic flux density B that is
passing through the rectangular coil in Fig. 8.1.
B / mT
25

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 t / ms
- 25

Fig. 8.2

Using Faraday’s Law, explain why the variation in magnetic flux density passing through
the coil as shown in Fig. 8.2 leads to a generation of sinusoidal alternating e.m.f.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]

(ii) Show that the equation for the induced e.m.f. of the coil is
2π  2π 
E = NABo sin  t
T T 
where N is the number of turns in the coil, A is the area of coil, B0 is the maximum
magnetic flux density and T is the period of the change in magnetic flux density.

[2]
(iii) Hence, determine the maximum magnitude of the induced e.m.f. of the coil.

maximum e.m.f. = ………………. V [2]

[Turn over
 24
(iv) On Fig. 8.3, sketch a graph to show the variation with time of the e.m.f. induced in the
coil from 0 ms to 16 ms. [2]
E/V

4 8 12 16 t / ms

Fig. 8.3

(c) (i) The AC generated by the rectangular coil passes through a transformer. The primary
coil of the ideal transformer has 15 turns.

Assuming that the transformer is ideal, calculate the number of turns in the secondary
coil if the value of root-mean-square potential difference of the output at the secondary
coil is 240 V.

number of turns =……………....... [3]

(ii) A non-ideal transformer has an input e.m.f. of 12 V while the secondary coil draws a
current of 0.25 A with a potential difference of 240 V.

If the efficiency of the transformer is 81 %, determine the current in the primary coil.

current =……………....... A [2]

 25
(d) In many distribution systems for electrical energy, the power is transmitted using alternating
current at high voltages.

Suggest and explain an advantage, one in each case, for the use of

(i) alternating voltages,

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(ii) high voltages.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

[Turn over
 26

BLANK PAGE
2018 Millennia Institute
Suggested Answers for PU3 PRELIM Paper 3
1 (a) M1
M1

A0
(b) (i) There is zero net force acting on the signboard. B1
There is zero net torque about any axis acting on the signboard. B1

(ii) tension 1

tension 2

40°
spring 1 50°

spring 2
signboard
G

weight of signboard

3 forces clearly labelled B1

G is at the intersection of lines of action of tension 1, tension 2 and B1
weight

(iii) Weight = T1 cos 40° + T2 cos 50° C1

= 300 cos 40° + 252 cos 50°
= 391.8
= 390 N A1

(iv) Net force acting on the board immediately after released = 20 N

Initial net acceleration = F/m C1

= 20/(391.8/9.81)
= 0.501 ≈ 0.50 m s-2 [allow ecf from (aiii)] A1

1
2 (a) (i) As r approaches zero, the potential drops lower. This corresponds to the
potential near the larger mass. Therefore, r is measured from the Earth. B1

(ii) 1 It is the point where the gravitational field strength due to Earth is equal
and opposite to the gravitational field strength due to the Moon B1
or net gravitation field strength is zero
2 2.25 x 109 J = m x ∆ moon – max
= 1500 x ∆ moon – max C1
∆ moon – max = 1.5 x 10 J kg6 -1

max - moon = max – (-2.5 x 10 ) = 1.5 x 10

6 6

max = -1.0 x 10 J kg
6 -1 A1

Allow ecf from (a)(i)

3 ½ m v2 = m x ∆ earth – max C1
½ v2 = ∆ earth – max = 61.5 x 106
v = 11 100 m s-1 A1

(b) (i) Gravitational force provides the centripetal force. M1

2
= ( )
6.67 × 10 (5.98 × 10 ) 2 M1
= ( )
27.4 × 24 × 3600
r = 384 000 km A0

(ii) Linear speed = r ω

2π C1
= 3.84 x 108 x
27.4 ×24 ×3600
= 1020 m s-1 A1

(c) 1. Student A’s explanation is not valid because both the astronaut and
spacecraft will always have weight due to the force of gravity while they
are orbiting around the Earth, even if it is small. B1

2. Student B’s claim is not correct. The centripetal force is the resultant force B1
which is the force of gravity in this case. Both have different masses
hence their centripetal force is different.

2
3 (a)(i) Random motion of a large number of molecules in random velocity means M1
no preferred direction of movement or the molecules move in different/all
directions with a root-mean-square speed.

Momentum is a vector given by the product of mass and velocity. Since the A1
velocities cancel/ or idea of speed in opposite directions, the average
velocity is zero and hence the average momentum of the gas molecules of
same mass in a container is zero.

(a)(ii) When the gas molecules hit the wall of the container, they rebound off the B1
wall with the same speed and experiences a rate of momentum change
normal to the wall, implying there is force acting on the molecule by the
wall. Other molecules also have a momentum change normal to the wall
when they strike and rebound.

By Newton’s third law, the molecules exert an equal and opposite force on B1
the walls.

Since there are a large number of molecules, the number of collisions at any B1
instant in time is very large and practically constant, resulting in a constant
gas pressure. The pressure on the walls of the container is the average force
per unit area exerted by the molecules on the walls of the container.

(b)(i) Increase in internal energy of a system is the B1

sum of the work done on the system and heat supplied to the system. B1

(b)(ii) 1. Top surface moves down due to load acting a force on it, hence
WD by load on air = mgx = 500 x 9.81 x 0.050 = 245 J C1

Since system is well insulated, = 0

Using the first law of thermodynamics,

Increase in U = + = 0 + 245 J C1
= 245 J A1

2. Using the equation of state for an ideal gas,

= ----- (1)
= ----- (2)
(1) – (2): − = − = ( − ) C1
Given that = , − = ∆
(1.947) − (101 × 10 )(2.000) = (245) C1
p1 = 103.8 kPa = 104 kPa A1

3
4 (a) (5)(20) ≠ (100)(1.2) M1

R IS not inversely proportional to light intensity. A0

Accept % difference, with justification

(b) When the potential difference across the LDR is 7.0 V,

potential difference across the 1.2 kΩ resistor = 2.0 V C1

Using V = IR

2.0 = (1.2 × 103) I

I = 1.67 x 10−3 A

V 7.0 C1
R= = = 4200 Ω or 4.2 kΩ A1
I 1.67 × 10− 3

Alternatively, use potential divider method to determine R.

(c) From Fig. 4.1, light intensity = 24 W m−2 A1

(d) ( −3
) ( −3
)
Length of strip, λ = 10× 5.0 ×10 + 10.0 ×10 = 0.060m

ρλ
Using R = , C1
A
RA 4200 × 5.0 × 10−7
ρ= = = 3.5 × 10−2 Ω m
l 0.060
A1

4
5 (a)(i)

Direction B1
At least 3 concentric circles with increasing spacing B1

(ii)

uniform field near magnet poles B1

stronger field on top, weaker field below B1

(b) By Fleming’s left hand rule, there is a downward force on wire by magnet. B1
By Newton’s third law, there is an upward force on magnet by wire. B1
Since there is a upward force on magnet due to wire carrying current, there will B1
be a decreased in balance reading.

5
6 (a) → + A1
(b)(i) Applying conservation of mass-energy,
(mPu – mU – mα) c2 = energy released = Ek of the products C1
(238.0496 – mU – 4.0026) x (1.66 x 10-27) c2 = 5.649x106 x (1.60x10-19) C1
mU = 234.0410 u (4 dp) A1

(b)(ii) By the principle of conservation of momentum

= + (− )
0= −
= M1

,
Ratio of Ek = = M1
,

= ( )
=
. A1
=
.
= 58.5 A0

(b)(iii) EK,U + EK,α = 5.649 MeV

EK,α + EK,α = 5.649 MeV C1
.
A1
EK,α = 5.55 MeV
(c)(i) Radioactivity is a spontaneous process that is not affected by any B1
physical condition or the chemical combination in which the nucleus
exists. Hence, the properties of the nucleus remain unchanged no matter
what chemical compound it is found in.

(c)(ii) Alpha particles are readily absorbed by a sheet of paper and cannot
penetrate the outer, protective layers of skin. Hence, plutonium is not a
hazard as long as it remains outside the skin.
When the dust is inhaled into the lungs, the emitted alpha particles deliver B1
all their energy to sensitive internal tissues and may cause damage.

6
7 (a) (i) vertical height from ball launcher
= (1x8) + ½ (0.8)(25-8) + 18 (0.1 x 0.5) = 15.7 m M1

Veritical height from the level ground = 15.7 + 0.5 = 16.2 m A1

(ii) Acceleration at t = 1.0 s = gradient at t = 1.0s M1

= -12.1 m s-2
Using F2L,
mg + Fair = ma
Fair = ma – mg
M1
= 0.320 (12.1 – 9.81)
A1
= 0.733 N

(iii)
1.

A1
Gradient = 9.8 m s-2 A1
Negative gradient

2. At t = 1.0 s, vertical velocity = 15.25 m s-1 M1

since horiztonal velocity = 12.0 m s-1

7
 Resultant velocity = √15.25 + 12 = 19.4 m s-1 A1

(b) (i) Consider a collision that occurs when X collides with Y in a straight line. B1
By Newton’s second law the change in momentum for X, ∆px = FYX*∆t,
where FYX is the force Y exerts on X and ∆t is the duration the force is
exerted while the change in momentum for Y, ∆pY = FXY*∆t, where FXY is
the force X exerts on Y.
B1
By Newton’s third law, FYX = - FXY since they are an action-reaction pair.
Hence, ∆pX = - ∆pB.

This implies pXF – pXI = - (pYF – pYI), where pXF is the final momentum of X,
pXI is the initial momentum of X, pYF is the final momentum of Y and pYI is
the initial momentum of Y.

Rearranging, pXI + pYI = pXF + pYF. This implies the total initial momentum
is the same as the total final momentum if no external force acts on B1
this system.

(ii) 1. mxux + myuy = mxvx + myvy M1

50(4.5) + my(-2.8) = 50(-1.8) + my(1.4) C1
my(1.4+2.8) = 50(4.5+1.8)
my = 75 g = 0.075 kg A1
2. total initial kinetic energy/KE not equal to the total final kinetic M1
energy/KE
or relative speed of approach is not equal to relative speed of
separation, showing calculation – e.g. relative speed of approach =
4.5 – (-2.8) = 7.3 while relative speed of separation = 1.4 – (-1.8) =
3.2
A1
so not elastic or is inelastic

(iii) 1. F/N B1

t/s

According to Newton’s 3rd Law, the forces exerted on the bodies by

each other are equal in magnitude and act in opposite directions. B1

2. Change in momentum of Y or impulse on Y A1

8
8 (a) (i) The product of the magnetic flux density normal to the surface and the area of
the surface. B1

(ii) = BA = 0.025×0.150×0.060
= 2.25 x 10-4 Wb (also accept -2.25 x 10-4) A1

(b) (i) As the sinusoidal magnetic flux density passing through the coil is changing, the B1
magnetic flux linkage through the coil is changing periodically.
By Faraday's law, an e.m.f. is induced or generated in the coil. B1
At times, the magnetic flux density is increasing while at other times it is decreasing.
The polarity of the induced e.m.f. would be different when magnetic flux density
increases as compared to the polarity of the e.m.f. as magnetic flux density
decreases, thus generating an alternating current. B1

(ii) From Fig. 8.2, the magnetic flux density is given by,
2
= cos
M1
By Faraday's law and Lenz’ Law, the e.m.f. is given by
Ф
=− , where is the magnetic flux linkage.

=−

2
=− =− cos
M1
Therefore, = sin A0

(iii) 2 2
= sin

Since the maximum magnitude of induced e.m.f. is when sin = 1,

2 2
= = 25 × 0.150 × 0.060 × 0.025 ×
0.008 C1
= 4.42 V A1

9
 (iii)
E/V
4.42

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 t / ms
- 4.42

A1
sine function
max E and period A1

(c) (i) Root-mean-square voltage of input,

=
√2
4.42
= =
√2 C1

No. of turns in sec coil,

240 240√2
= = × 15 = × 15
4.42 4.42
√2 M1
= 1150 A1

(ii) For efficiency,

Power output
× 100%
Power input
Power in secondary coil
= × 100%
Power in primary coil
0.25 × 240
= × 100% = 81%
12 C1
Therefore,
= 6.17A A1

(d) (i) can change (output) voltage efficiently or to suit different consumers/appliances B1
by using transformers B1

(ii) for same power, current is smaller B1

10
less heating in cables/wires
or thinner cables possible
or less voltage loss in cables B1

11