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    Breakwaters

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    PRAKASH_KERS
    Okay, let's solve this step-by-step: 1. Given: Slope = 1V:1.5H Number of layers = 2 Armor stone weight = 2-4 tonnes Stone type = Basalt 2. To determine design wave height, we use the Hudson formula: W = γa * H * K(d) * (Ss/γw)0.5 * cot(α) 3. Plugging in values: γa = Basalt specific gravity = 2.7 t/m3 K(d) = Stone shape coeff for basalt = 2.25 Ss/γw = 1.65 Cot

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    Breakwaters

    Uploaded by

    PRAKASH_KERS
    552 views22 pages
    Okay, let's solve this step-by-step: 1. Given: Slope = 1V:1.5H Number of layers = 2 Armor stone weight = 2-4 tonnes Stone type = Basalt 2. To determine design wave height, we use the Hudson formula: W = γa * H * K(d) * (Ss/γw)0.5 * cot(α) 3. Plugging in values: γa = Basalt specific gravity = 2.7 t/m3 K(d) = Stone shape coeff for basalt = 2.25 Ss/γw = 1.65 Cot

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    Okay, let's solve this step-by-step: 1. Given: Slope = 1V:1.5H Number of layers = 2 Armor stone weight = 2-4 tonnes Stone type = Basalt 2. To determine design wave height, we use the Hudson formula: W = γa * H * K(d) * (Ss/γw)0.5 * cot(α) 3. Plugging in values: γa = Basalt specific gravity = 2.7 t/m3 K(d) = Stone shape coeff for basalt = 2.25 Ss/γw = 1.65 Cot

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    552 views22 pages

    Breakwaters

    Uploaded by

    PRAKASH_KERS
    Okay, let's solve this step-by-step: 1. Given: Slope = 1V:1.5H Number of layers = 2 Armor stone weight = 2-4 tonnes Stone type = Basalt 2. To determine design wave height, we use the Hudson formula: W = γa * H * K(d) * (Ss/γw)0.5 * cot(α) 3. Plugging in values: γa = Basalt specific gravity = 2.7 t/m3 K(d) = Stone shape coeff for basalt = 2.25 Ss/γw = 1.65 Cot

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 22

    R bbl M

    Rubble Mound
    dBBreakwater
    k t D Design
    i

    Justin Skinner
    Teaching Assistant – ENGI 8971
    Coastal and Ocean Engineering
    July 8, 2010
    Rubble Mound Breakwaters

    • Consist of stone or other


    material dumped in place

    • R
    Relatively
    l ti l iinexpensive
    i
    and useful

    • Purpose:
    To p
    protect coastal areas
    from high intensity wave Breakwater near ferry entrance of Port
    action aux Basques, NL
    Breakwater Design

    • Hudson Formula:

    • Where: Symbol Meaning Units


    W Weight of individual stone N
    Gamma (a) Specific weight of stone N/m^3
    H Wave height m
    K(d)
    ( ) S
    Stone shape coefficient
    ff
    S(a) Specific gravity of stone
    Alpha Slope angle of breakwater degrees
    Design Facts

    • Designed with layers of different size stones

    • One or two exterior layers of large armor units

    • Units may be stone or concrete

    • Weight of armor stone must be able to resist wave forces

    • Cannot be all armor stone due to high porosity


    (plus the price)
    Important Considerations

    • Wave height
    Significant wave height versus H10 wave height
    (recommended)

    • Breaking or non-breaking
    Does it break on the structure or is overtopping
    pp g ppermitted

    • Stability
    Interlocking blocks provide more stability
    (tribar, dolos or tetrapods)
    Cost considerations?
    Important Considerations

    • Slope
    Flatter slopes increase stability
    Flatter slopes increase size and cost

    • Number of Layers
    Typically use two

    • Must evaluate risk versus cost – Key


    y engineering
    g g
    decision!
    Quarry Stone
    Tetrapods
    Tribar
    Dolos
    Breakwater Design – Profile
    Breakwater Design – Key
    Table
    Breakwater Design – Example
    C7
    • If a second breakwater were
    planned for Portugal Cove in
    water depths as shown below
    but for significant wave heights
    of only 3.0
    3 0 m (no breaking),
    breaking)
    what kind of armor unit would
    you use and why?

    • If you were to design concrete


    Dolos for this application
    determine the weight of each
    unit if the specific weight of
    reinforced
    i f d concrete
    t is
    i 33.3.
    3
    Example C7 - Solution

    Part 1:
    • Use the same kind of stone as the first breakwater
    • Likely available, nearby and cheaper

    Part 2:
    • Instructed to use concrete dolos of specific weight 3
    3.3
    3
    • Told this is a non-breaking wave
    • First step
    p Refer to table!
    Example C7 - Solution

    Dolo Information Value


    Number of units 2
    K(d) Head 16
    K(d) Trunk 31.8
    Cot (alpha) 20
    2.0
    Example C7 - Solution

    • Use the Hudson formula to determine the weight of the


    i di id l armor unit:
    individual it

    • Number is small due to high stone shape coeff for dolos


    Real Breakwater Design -
    Bonavista
    Real Breakwater Design -
    Bonavista
    Real Breakwater Design -
    Bonavista
    Real Breakwater Design -
    Bonavista
    Real Breakwater Design -
    Bonavista

    • We know: slope, number of layers, weight, stone type


    • Can we determine the design wave height?
    Real Breakwater Design -
    Bonavista

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