Asme B18 2 1 1996
Asme B18 2 1 1996
Asme B18 2 1 1996
to
ASME B18.2.1-I 996
Square and Hex Bolts and Screws (Inch Series)
On page 13, Table 4, the fourteenth entry under “Basic” in Column H is revised. Revision
appears on the overleaf.
July 2003
M4496E
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AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
ASME B18.2.la-1999
ADDENDA
to
ASME B18.2.1-1996
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS
AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard
was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an
opportunity t o participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review
and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device,
or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in
connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone
utilizing a standard against liabilityfor infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assumes
any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their
own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ACME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing
ASME procedures and policies which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individual
volunteers.
Copyright O 1999 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
ASME B18.2.1a-I999
Following approval by the ASME B 18 Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASME B 18.2.1a-
1999 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on April 9, 1999.
Addenda to the 1996 edition of ASME B 18.2.1 are issued in the form of replacement pages. Revisions,
additions, and deletions are incorporated directly into the affected pages. It is advisable, however, that this
page, the Addenda title and copyright pages, and all replaced pages be retained for reference.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
This is the first Addenda to be published to ASME B18.2.1-1996.
Replace or insert the pages listed. Changes given below are identified on the pages by a margin note, (a),
placed next to the affected area. The pages not listed are the reverse sides of the listed pages and contain
no changes.
Page Location Change
vi. 1 Correspondence With B 18 Added
Committee
ix Contents Updated to reflect Addenda
IO Table 3 In fifth column, second entry corrected by
errata to read 11/16
1618 Table 4, Note ( 5 ) Four equations deleted by errata
Fig. 2 Four equations added by errata
Table 4, Note ( i i ) Revised
23, 24 Fig. 5 Four equations added by errata
Table 6 , Note (7) Four equations deleted by errata
Table 6, Note ( i i ) Revised
33 Appendix I Deleted
35 Appendix II Revised in its entirety
The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers
A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D
The 1996 edition of this Standard is being issued with an automatic addenda
subscription service. The use of a n addenda allows revisions made in re-
sponse to public review comments or committee actions to be published as
necessary. The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in
1999.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard
was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an
opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public re-
view and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry,
academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device,
or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in
connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure any-
one utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor
assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that the determi-
nation of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is
entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federalagency representative(s)or person(s)affiliated with industry is not t o
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with gov-
erning ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by indi-
vidual volunteers.
American National Standards Committee B18 for the standardization of bolts, screws, nuts,
rivets, and similar fasteners was organized in March 1922, as Sectional Committee B18, under
the aegis of the American Engineering Standards Committee (later the American Standards
Association, then the United States of America Standards institute and, as of October 6, 1969,
the American National Standards institute, Inc.), with the Society of Automotive Engineers and
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as joint sponsors. Subcommittee 2 was subse-
quently established and charged with the responsibility for technical content of standards cov-
ering wrench head bolts and nuts.
Subcommittee 2, after appraisal of the requirements of industry, developed a proposed stan-
dard series of bolt head and nut dimensions. This proposal was finally approved and designated
a Tentative American Standard in February 1927.
A f m t revision of the document was designated as' an American Standard in March 1933,
and was followed by a second revision which was granted approval as an Amencan Standard
in January 1941.
Following reorganization of the B18 Committee in 1947, Subcommittee 2 was asked to ex-
pand the standard on head proportions into a complete product standard. A proposal covering ' !
square and hexagon head bolts, and nuts, hexagon head cap screws, and automotive hexagon
head bolts was prepared and submitted to the B18 Committee in April 1950. While this draft
was under consideration, the B 18 Committee received a proposal from the British Standards
institution for unification of dunensions on products incorporating Unified screw threads. The
Committee welcomed the opportunity of discussing the proposals and an American-British-
Canadian Conference was held in New York, June 1-2, 1950.
It was agreed in the Conference that the essentials of unification could be accomplished by
selection of mutually satisfactory across-the-flats dimensions, since this would permit the use
of the same wrenches and because other features would rarely affect interchangeability. After
due consideration, suitable existing across-the-flats dimensions were selected for the hexagon
products affected.
In its meeting of October 13, 1950, Subcommittee 2 agreed to incorporate in the proposed
standard the conference recommendations on '/4 in. hexagon head bolts, n/' in. hexagon head cap
screws and automotive hexagon head bolts, '/IS and 3/8 in. &gular hexagon and square nuts, and
'/IS in. light and regular hexagon and square nuts. At a subsequent meeting of Subcommittee 2,
further changes were adopted in order to combine the light and regular series of nuts and to
combine the automotive hexagon head bolt, hexagon head cap screw, and regular hexagon head
close tolerance bolt.
In view of the progress made in the United States and the urgency of standardization for mu-
tuai defense, the British Standards Institution sponsored a second Conference in London in April
1951, to complete the unification of certain hexagon bolts and nuts.
At a meeting on June 8, 1951, Subcommittee 2 reaffirmed its acceptance of the unified di-
mensions, which corresponded with those in the March 1951 draft, but attempted to select bet-
iii
.
ter nomenclature for the unified products. A final draft incorporating the nomenclature Finished
Hexagon Bolts and Nuts and containing numerous editorial changes was submitted for letter
ballot in September 1951. Following approval by the B 18 Committee and the sponsors, the pro-
posal was presented to the American Standards Association for approval and designation as an
American Standard. This was granted on March 24, 1952.
Recognizing the standard was in need of additional refinements, Subcommittee 2 began im-
mediately to revise it, removing inconsistencieswith respect to fillets, improving the length tol-
erances on heavy hexagon bolts, and incorporating numerous other corrections and clarifica-
tions. The most noteworthy editorial change was a decision to combine the coverage for hexagon
cap screws and square head set screws from the B18.2 standard with the coverage for slotted
head cap screws and slotted headless set screws from the B18.6 standard and publish them in
a separate document. The requirements for the unified hexagon cap screws and finished hexa-
gon bolts being identical in the overlapping sizes, this data would now be available in two pub-
lications. Following approvals by the B18 Committee and sponsor organizations, the proposal
was submitted to the American Standards Association and declared an American Standard on
February 2, 1955.
A revision of this document comprised of numerous editorial corrections and inclusion of an
appendix for grade markings was duly approved and designated an American Standard on April
18, 1960.
At a meeting in February 1960, Subcommittee 2 approved a recommendation to reduce the
head heights for heavy, heavy semi-finished,and heavy finished hexagon bolts which was sub-
sequently approved by letter ballot of the B18 Committee on August 16,1960. A proposed stan-
dard for heavy hexagon structural bolts submitted and accepted by Subcommittee 2 at its October
17,1960 meeting was approved by letter ballot of the B18 Committee on May 9,1961. To meet
the urgent needs of the steel construction industry, it.was considered necessary to publish the
standard for the structurai bolts immediately. Consequently, Appendix IV to ASA B18.2-1960
containing coverage for the revised heavy hexagon bolts and the new heavy hexagon structural
bolts was released in 1962.
In October of 1961, Subcommittee 2 appointed a subgroup to review all product standards
for square and hexagon bolts, screws, and nuts, and to recommend simplifications which would
be compatible with technical, production, and distribution advances that had occurred over the
prior several years. The subgroup presented its recommendations at a meeting of Subcommittee
2 in October of 1962. It was agreed that the internally and externally threaded products should
be published in separate documents as suggested, and draft proposals for each were completed.
The proposed revision for square and hex bolts and screws incorporated the following sub-
group recommendations: consolidation of hexagon head cap screws and finished hexagon bolts
into a single product; consolidation of heavy semifinished hexagon bolts and heavy finished
hexagon bolts into a single product; elimination of regular semifinished hexagon bolts; a new
length tolerancing pattern for all bolts and screws; documentation of a positive identification
procedure for determining whether an externally threaded product should properly be desig-
nated a bolt or a screw; and an abbreviated and purified set of product nomenclature reflecting
application of the identification procedure. Letter ballot of this proposal to the B 18 Committee
in March, 1964 resulted in several comments which were resolved to the satisfaction of the
Committee in June of 1964. Following acceptance by the sponsor organizations, the revision
was submitted to the American Standards Association and was designated American Standard
ASA B18.2.1 on September 8, 1965.
Subcommittee 2 continued to further develop refinements initiated by the simplification sub-
group and revisions reflecting changes in manufacturing practices and consumer requirements.
This work culminated in Subcommittee acceptance of a 1970 proposal incorporating, in addi-
tion to numerous editorial changes, revisions in the following significant areas: addition of cov-
erage for askew head bolts and hex head lag screws; addition of straightness requirements to
applicable products; addition of minimum fillet to square and hex bolts and lag screws; appli-
iv
cation of UNR threads and new concepts for controlling thread length on products having Unified
threads; and clarification of grade markings, thread runout gages and formulas for dimensions.
Also included were refinements to hex cap screw and heavy hex screw requirements consist-
ing of addition of wrenching height and revision of underhead fillets, washer face thicknesses
and controls on angularity of bearing face. The proposed revision, after approval by letter bal-
lot of the B18 Committee in March, 1970 was subsequently approved by the sponsors and sub-
mitted to the American National Standards Institute for designation as an American National
Standard. This was granted on January 18, 1972.
Numerous user complaints on interference of the elliptical fillet added in the 1972 revision
resulted in appointment of a subcommittee to study the problem. They recommended reverting
back to the max./min. radius fillet specified in the 1965 version with the elliptical fillet retained
for use when specified by the user. Further refinements in the definition of the fillet for short
length screws were added to Hex Cap and Heavy Hex Screws. Geometric tolerancing was up
dated to conform to American National Standard Y 14.5, Dimensioning and Tolerancing. The
transition length of the hex cap screw was changed to equal 5 coarse (UNC) threads. Few, if
any, users accepted the 1972 values that were designed to reduce tooling by providing the same
body length for adjacent lengths. On screws, separate straightness requirements have been
deleted and the combination thread runout and straightness gage described in Appendix I is
specified. Straightness as a variable based on length has been applied to bolts with gaging de-
scribed in Appendix II. Acceptability of screw threads based on gaging systems established by
Amencan National Standard B1.3-1979 has been added to each type of screw or bolt, except
lag screws. This proposal was approved by letter ballot of the Subcommittee and B 18 in January,
1980. Following acceptance by the secretariat organizations, the revision was referred to the
American National StandardsInstitute and granted recognition as an American National Standard
on June 24, 1981.
In 1991 it was recognized that B18.2.1 required extensive revision to better meet the needs
of conformance with Public Law 101-592. included in these considerations were improved de-
finition of a full body versus a reduced body and those dimensions which should be certified
to assure product fit, form, and function. ûther dimensions given for each product would only
be examined in the event of a dispute. Also, the term ?finished hex bolt,? which is today?s cap
screw, should be dropped. Additionally, a weight table has been included to assist users.
Additionally, it was felt that the heavy hex structural bolt, heavy hex nut, hardened steel
washers and compressible washer-type direct tension indicators should be included in a new
standard for fasteners intended for use in structural applications. For this reason the heavy hex
structural bolt was removed from this Standard. The new table for maximum grip gaging lengths
and minimum body lengths for cap screws and heavy hex screws is included for the first time
to assist users and is similar to the pattern used for metric bolts and screws.
ASME B 18.2.1 - 1996 was approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)on
December 4,1996.
V
CORRESPONDENCE WITH 618 COMMITTEE (al
General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the
consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the
Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee
meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:
Secretary, B 18 Main Committee
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY I O0 16-5990
vi. I
ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE B18
Standardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws, Washers,
and Similar Fasteners
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
K. E. McCullough, Chair
D. A. Clever, Vice Chair
E. Schwartz. Vice Chair
B. Biddinger, Secretaty
COMMïiTEE PERSONNEL
J. C. Akins, Safety Socket Screw Co.
J. B. Mord, Lawson Products, Inc.
B. Biddinger, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
D. Broomfield, Illinois Tool Works, Inc.
J. A. Buda, SPS Technologies, Inc.
R. M. Byme, Trade Association Management, Inc.
D. A. Cleaver, Deere & Co.
A. P. Cockman, Ford Motor Co.
T. Collier, CAM-TECH Industries, Inc.
A. C. DiCola, Wrought Washer Manufacturing, Inc.
B. A. Dudna, Federal Screw Works
G. A. Gobb, Consultant
R. J. Hamngton, Spirol International Corp.
A. Herskovitz, U.S. Army
A. C. Hood, ACH Technologies
F. W. Kern, Society of Automotive Engineers
W. H. Kopke, ITW Shakeproof Industrial Products
P. D. K m o , Consultant
J. G. Langenatein, Consultant
M. bvinson, ITW Shakeproof Industrial Products
J. B. Levy, Consultant
A. D. McCiindle, Stelco Fasteners, Ltd.
K. E. McCullough, Consultant
D. J. Miley, Caterpillar, Inc.
M. D. Rasad, General Motors Corp.
W. Schevey, BGM Fastener Co., Inc.
E. Schwarh, Consultant
R. M. Sarabin, Bowman Distribution
R. D. Strong, General Motors Corp.
J. F. Sullivan, National Fasteners Distribution Association
R. L Tennis, Caterpillar, Inc.
S. W. Vass, Lake Erie Screw Corp.
R. G. Weber, Fairfield University
C. J. Wilson, Industrial Fasteners Institute
R. B. Wright, Wright Tool Co.
J. G. zeratsky, National Rivet & Manufacturing Co.
vii
MEMBERS OF SUBCOMMWEE 2 - EXTERNAL DRIVE FASTENERS
D. A. Clever, Chair, Deere & Co.
C. J. Wilson, Secretary, Industria1 Fasteners Institute
R. M. Byme, Trade Association Management, Inc.
A. P. Cockman, Ford Motor Co.
R. J. Corbett, Huck International Industrial Fasteners
A. Dinh, Defense Industrial Supply Center
B. A. Dusina, Federal Screw Works
J. Greenslade, Greenslade & Co.
A. Hemkovitz, US. Army
A. D. McCrindle, Stelco Fasteners Ltd.
K. E. McCuliough, Consultant
D. J. Miley, Caterpillar, Inc.
M. D. Rasad, General Motors Corp.
R. D. Strong, General Motors Corp.
R. L. Tennis, Caterpillar, Inc.
S. W. Vas, Lake Erie'Screw Corp.
viii
CONTENTS
...
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Correspondence With B 18 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi .1
Standards Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1 Introductory Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 General Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Figures
1 Underhead Fillet for Long Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2 Underhead Fillet for Short Screws Threaded Full Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3 LG. Maximum and LB. Minimum for Short Screws Threaded Full Length . . . . . . . 17
4 Underhead Fillet for Long Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5 Underhead Fillet for Short Screws Threaded Full Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Tables
1 Dimensions of Square Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Dimensions of Hex Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Dimensions of Heavy Hex Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4 Dimensions of Hex Cap Screws .................................... 13
4A Dimensions of Underhead Fillets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4B LG. Maximum and LB. Minimum Limitations for Short Screws Threaded
FullLength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5 Maximum Grip Gaging Lengths, LG, and Minimum Body Lengths, LB. for
Hex Cap Screws and Heavy Hex Screws Nominal Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6 Dimensions of Heavy Hex Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6A Dimensions of Underhead Fillets ................... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6B LG, Maximum and LB, Minimum Limitations for Short Screws Threaded
FullLength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7 Dimensions of Askew Head Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8 Dimensions of Square Lag Screws .................................. 28
9 Dimensions of Hex Lag Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
9A Dimensions of Lag Screw Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10 Length Tolerances for Square and Hex Bolts and Screws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Appendices
II Straightness Gage and Gaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
A Formulas for Bolt and Screw Head Dimensions ........................ 37
B Specifications for Identification of Bolts and Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
C Weight in Pounds of 100 Hex Cap Screws for Given Diameterkngth
Combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
D Countersunk Center Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
E Government Standard Items and Part Identifying Numbering System
(PIN Code) for Screw. Cap. Hexagon Head ......................... 45
ix
ASME B18.2.1-1996
1
ASME B18.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
For definitions of other terms relating to fasteners or nal thread allowance may thus be used to accommodate
component features thereof used in this Standard refer to the coating thickness on coated parts, provided that the
American National Standard Glossary of Terms for maximum coating thickness is no more than one-fourth
Mechanical Fasteners, ANSI B18.12. of the allowance. Thus, the thread after coating is sub
ject to acceptance using a basic Class 3A size GO thread
gage and a Class 2A thread gage for either minimum ma-
1.5 Referenced Standards
terial or NOT GO. Where external thread has no al-
Unless otherwise specified, the referenced standard lowance, or allowance must be maintained after coating,
shall be the most recent issue at the time of order place- and for standard internal threads, sufficient allowance
ment. must be provided prior to coating to assure that finished
Copies of referenced ASME standards may be ob product threads do not exceed the maximum-material
tained from the American Society of Mechanical limits specified. For thread Class 3A, Class 2A al-
Engineers, 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2300, Fairfie1d;NJ lowances in accordance with ASME B l. l should be ap-
07007-2300. plied whenever possible.
Copies of referenced ASTM standards may be ob-
tained from the American Society for Testing and 2.3.1 Thread Gaging. Unless otherwise specified
Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, by the purchaser, dimensional acceptability of screw
PA 19428-2959. threads shall be determined b&ed on System 21, ASME
Copies of referenced S A E standards may be obtained B 1.3M, Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional
from the Society of Automotive Engineers, ïnc., 400 Acceptability-Inch and Metric Screw Threads (UN,
Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ).
2
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME B 18.2.1-1996
decimal equivalent); material, including specification lowing provisions shall apply for inspection of dimen-
where necessary; and protective finish, if required. See sional characteristics. The designated characteristics de-
the following examples: fined within the notes of each product table shall be in-
spected in accordance with ASME B18.18.2M. For
EXAMPLE:
Square Bolt, '18-16 X i%,Steel, Zinc Plated nondesignated characteristics, the provisions of ASME
Hex Cap Screw, 'h-13 X 4, ASTM A 354 Grade BD B 18.18.1M shall apply. Should a nondesignated dimen-
Hex Lag Screw,0.75 X 5.00, Steel sion be determined to have a variance, it shall be deemed
conforming to this Standard if the user, who is the in-
2.8 Identification Symbols staller, accepts the variance based on fit, form, and func-
tion considerations. Where verifiable in-process inspec-
2.8.1 Grade Symbols. Each of the eight products tion is used in accordance with ASME B18.18.3M or
included in this Standard shall be marked in accordance ASME B18.18.4M, the final inspectionlevel sample sizes
with the applicable specification for its material, me- of those respective standards shall apply.
chanical, or pexformance requirements.
3
ASM E B18.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
r c r - r N N N cl)mOpr)*>
9999 9999 99999
O 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 00000
‘V E
-c-
mmmm m<o<o<o Q>O>O>O>UI
9999 9999 99999
O 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 00000
ouIoin O 0 0 0 o o o o c
ONuir- oinoin oinou¶c
mrycm O(Yinb OCyinr-c
?(?(?Y “<qFcq 9.-!‘?u
O 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 - 7 - F -
4
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
5
ASME 818.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
height Òf the marking may not exceed 0.015 in. over the
specified maximum head height for bolts /a' in. and
smaller. For bolts larger than in., the marking may not
project more than 0.030 in. over the specified maximum
head height. When indented, the depth of the marking
shall not reduce the load-carrying capability of the fas-
tener.
(15)Material. Unless otherwise specified, chemical
and mechanical properties of steel bolts shall conform to
ASTM A 307, Grade A. Other materials and grades shall
be as agreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser.
(16)Nominal Size. Where specifying nominal size in
decimals, zeros preceding the decimal and in the fourth
decimal place shall be omitted.
( 17) Dimensional Conformance. Unless otherwise
specified, square bolts shall have the following charac-
teristics inspected to ASME B18.18.2Mto the inspection
levels shown:
Characteristic Inspection Level
Threads C
Width across comers C
Head height C
Grip length C
Visual C
6
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME 618.2.1-1996
-----
-1 I
X mmmm mcoam Q > Q > Q > Q > Q > ~ N Q ) U J Q > O>Q>Q>O>Q>
6 O 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 ' :c - - -
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ssss
7
ASME B18.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
8
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME B 18.2.1 a-I 999
9
ACME B18.2.1a-1999 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
O 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0
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O 0 0 0
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10
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
Notes to Table 3: (8) Point. Unless otherwise specified, bolts need not
be pointed.
(1) Surface Condition. Bolts need not be finished on
(9) Straightness. Shanks of bolts shail be straight
any suríace except threads.
within the following limits at MMC. For bolts with nom-
(2) Top of Head. Top of head shail be full fonn and
inal lengths up to and including 12 in., the maximum
chamfered, with the diameter of chamfer circle being
camber shail be 0.006in. per inch (0.006L)of bolt length.
equai to the maximum width across flats, within a toler-
For bolts with nominal lengths over 12 in. up to and in-
ance of minus 15%.
cluding 24 in., the maximum camber shall be 0.008 in.
(3) Head Taper. Maximum width across flats and per inch (0.008L) of bolt length. A typical gage and gag-
across comers shall not be exceeded. No transverse sec-
ing procedure for checking bolt straightness is given in
tion through the head between 25% and 75% of actual
Appendix II.
head height, as measured from the bearing surface, shall
(10) Length Tolerances. Bolt length tolerances are
be less than the minimum width across flats and across
given in Table 10. Tolerances for nonpointed products
comers.
shall apply.
(4) Bearing Surface. A die seam across the bearing
(1 1) Thread Length. The length of thread on bolts
surface is permissible. Bearing surface shall be perpen-
shall be controlled by the grip gaging length, LG, max.
dicular to the axis of the body within a tolerance of 3
The maximum grip gaging length, as calculated and
deg. for 1 in. size and smaller, and 2 deg. for sizes larger
rounded to two decimal places for any bolt not threaded
than 1 in. Angularity measurement shail be taken at a lo-
full length, shall be equai to the nominal bolt length mi-
cation to avoid interference from a die seam.
nus the nominal thread length (LG,m a . = L, nom. -
(5) True Position of Head. The axis of the head shall
LT). For bolts which are threaded full length, LG, m a .
be located at true position with respect to the axis of the
defines the unthreaded length under the head and shall
body (determined over a distance under the head equal
not exceed the length of 2.5 times the thread pitch for
to one diameter) within a tolerance zone having a diam-
sizes up to and including 1 in., and 3.5 times the thread
eter equivalent to 6% of the maximum width across flats,
pitch for sizes larger than 1 in. It shall be used as the cri-
regardless of feature size. terion for inspection.
(6) Body Diameter. Any swell or fin under the head All bolts of nominal lengths equal to or shorter than
or any die seam on the body shall not exceed the basic
the nominal thread length, LT, plus a length equivalent to
bolt diameter by the following:
2.5 times the thread pitch for sizes up to and including 1
0.030 in. for sizes up to )4 in. in., and 3.5 times the thread pitch for sizes larger than 1
0.050 in. for sizes /a' and 3/4 in. in. shall be threaded for full length.
0.060 in. for sizes over 3/4 to 1%in. Nominal thread length, LT, is a reference dimension
0.090in. for sizes over 1'/4 in. to 2 in. intended for calculation purposes only. Nominal thread
0.120 in. for sizes over 2 in. to 3 in. length equals twice the basic thread diameter plus 0.25
in. for nominal bolt lengths up to and including 6 in., and
The diameter of the unthreded length on bolts which
twice the basic thread diameter plus 0.50 in. for nominal
are threaded for full length shaìl not be less than the min- lengths over 6 in.
imum pitch diameter of the thread nor greater than the
(12) Incomplete Thread Diameter. The major diam-
maximum body diameter, E, max., specified in Table 3.
eter of incomplete thread shall not exceed the actual ma-
(7) Reduced Diameter Body. Bolts may be obtained
jor diameter of the full form thread.
in reduced diameter body style. These shall have a body
(13) Threads. Threads, when rolled, shail be Unified
diameter not less than the minimum pitch diameter of the
Inch coarse, fine, or 8 thread series (UNRC, UNRF, or 8
thread and not exceeding the minimum body diameter,
üNR Series), Class 2A. ïñreads produced by other meth-
E, min., shown in Table 3. Any swell or fin under the
ods may be Unified Inch coarse, fine, or 8 thread series
head or any die seam on the body shail not exceed, E,
(UNC. UNF, or 8 UN Series), Class 2A. Acceptability
min., by the following: of screw threads shall be determined based on System
0.030 in. for sizes up to in. 21, ASME B1.3M. Screw Thread Gaging Systems for
0.050 in. for sizes '1s and 3/4 in. Dimensional Acceptability-Inch and Memc Screw
0.060 in. for sizes over 3/4 in. to 1%in. Threads (UN, UNR,UNJ, M,and UI).
0.090 in. for sizes over 1% in. to 2 in. (14) Identification Symbols. Identification marking
0.120 in. for sizes over 2 in. to 3 in. symbols on bolt heads shall be raised or indented at the
0.190 in. for sizes over 3 in. manufacturer's option unless otherwise specified. The
11
ASME 818.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
12
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ACME B 18.2.1-1996
B
W
er
o
v)
3
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8
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ASME 818.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
14
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) AS ME B 18.2.I a-1999
NOTES:
(1)Tabulated values are equal to 2 times the basic product diameter.
(2)Tabulated values are equal to 1.5 times the coarse thread (UNC) pitch.
(3)Tabulated values are equal to 2.5 times the thread pitch.
(4)LB, min. equals fillet length, ia max., as given in Table 4A.
(5)Longest screw threaded full length.
15
ASME B18.2.la-1999 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
16
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME B I8.2.1a-I 999
,Filet shell lie within complete (full form) thread. Nominal thread length equals
twice the basic thread diameter plus 0.25 in. for nominal
screw length up to and including 6 in., and twice the ba-
sic thread diameter plus 0.50 in. for nominal lengths over
6 in.
Body length, LB,min., is the distance measured paral-
lel to the axis of screw from the underhead bearing sur-
face to the last scratch of thread or to the top of the ex-
trusion angle. For diameter length combinations not
included in Table 4B or Table 5, the minimum body
length, LB, min., as calculated and rounded to two deci-
E
,, max. - E,, min. mal places, shall be equal to the maximum grip gaging
Lf, max. = length minus the maximum transition thread length (LB,
2
min. = LG, max. - Y , max.). It shall be a criterion for
E l , min. = minimum specified pitch inspection.
diameter of coarse thread Transition thread length, Y , max., is a reference di-
(UNC-2A)
mension equal to five coarse (UNC) pitches and intended
E, max. = maximum fillet transition for calculation purposes only. It includes the length of
diameter (see Table 4A) incomplete threads, the extrusion angle on rolled threads,
and tolerances on grip length.
El,, min. = E,, max. - 0.5 (E,, max. - €1, min.) (10) Incomplete Thread Diameter. The major diam-
eter of incomplete thread shall not exceed the actual ma-
1 FIG. 2 UNDERHEAD FILLET FOR SHORT jor diameter of the full form thread.
SCREWS THREADED FULL LENGTH (1 1) Straightness. Shanks of screws shall be straight (al
within the following limits at MMC. For screws with
nominal lengths up to and including 12 in., the maximum
For diameter-length combinations not included in camber shall be 0.006 in. per inch (0.006L) of screw
Table 4B or Table 5, the maximum grip gaging length, length. For screws with nominal lengths over 12 in. up
L G , max., for long screws which are not threaded full to and including 24 in., the maximum camber shall be
length, as calculated and rounded to two decimal places, 0.008 in. per inch (0.008L) of screw length. A typical
shall be equal to the nominal screw length minus the nom- gage and gaging procedure for checking screw straight-
inal thread length (LG,max. = L, nom. - LT).It shall be ness is given in Appendix II.
used as the criterion for inspection. (12) Threads. Threads, when rolled, shall be Unified
Nominal thread length, LT, is a reference dimension Inch coarse, fine, or 8 thread series (UNRC, UNRF, or 8
intended for calculation purposes only, which represents UNR Series), Class 2A. Threads produced by other meth-
the distance from the extreme end of the screw to the last ods shall preferably be UNRC, UNRF, or 8 UNR, but at
manufacturer’s option, may be Unified Inch coarse, fine,
or 8 thread series (UNC, UNF, or 8 UN Series), Class
2A. Acceptability of screw threads shall be determined
based on System 21 ASME B1.3M, Screw Thread
Gaging Systems for Dimensional Acceptability-Inch
and Metric Screw Threads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ).
(13) Identification Symbols. Identification marking
symbols on screw heads shall be raised or indented at the
manufacturer’s option unless otherwise specified. The
marking shall be in accordance with the requirements of
para. 2.8. Markings shall be legible to the unaided eye
with the exception of corrective lenses. When raised, the
height of the marking may not exceed 0.015 in. over the
FIG. 3 LG, MAXIMUM AND LB, MINIMUM specified maximum head height for screws 5 / ~ in. and
FOR SHORT SCREWS THREADED FULL smaller. For screws larger than 5 / ~in., the marking may
LENGTH not project more than 0.030 in. over the specified maxi-
17
ASME B 18.2.1 a-1 999 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
18
J
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME 818.2.1-1996
n
2
a
3
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a
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19
ASME 818.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
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20
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
I
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21
ACME 818.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
TABLE 6B
LG, MAXIMUM AND fg, MINIMUM LIMITATIONS FOR SHORT SCREWS
THREADED FULL LENGTH
For
Nominal For
Nominal
ROdUCt LG, Nominal LG, L&
Lengths Max. Product Max. Min.
Size
[Note (111 [Note (211 Lc gths Note (311 [Note (411
or
Basic All Less Than or Coarse Fine 8 All
Product Less Than or Thread Equal to (UNCI (UNFI (UN1 Thread
Diameter Equal to Series Less Than [Note i511 Thread Thread Thread Series
112 1.o00 0.192 1.o00 1.750 O. 192 0.125 ... 0.053
Y8 1.250 0.227 1.250 2.125 0.227 0.139 ... 0.078
% 1.500 0.250 1.500 2.500 0.250 0.156 ... 0.081
1
2 5.750 0.556 0.312 0.173
2'14
2%
2%
fif ...
...
...
6.500
7.125
7.625
0.556
0.625
0.625
...
...
...
0.312
0.312
0.312
0.173
0.183
0.183
... ... ... 8.125 0.625 ... 0.312 0.183
NOTES:
(1) Tabulated values are equal to 2 times the basic product diameter.
(2) Tabulated values are equal to 1.5 times the coarse thread (UNC) pitch.
(3) Tabulated values are equal to 2.5 times the thread pitch.
(4) i5 min. equals fillet length, i, max., as given in Table 6A.
(5) Longest screw threaded full length.
22
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) AS ME B I8.2.1 a-I 999
23
ASME B18.2.la-1999 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
(6) Body Diameter. The diameter of body, except for maximum transition thread length (LB, min. = LG,
a length equal to L,, max. under the head, shall conform max. - Y , max.). It shall be used as the criterion for in-
to the limits for E given in Table 6. The diameter of the spection.
unthreaded length on short screws which are threaded for
(10) Incomplete Thread Diameter. The major diam-
full length shall not be less than the minimum pitch di-
eter of incomplete thread shall not exceed the actual ma-
ameter of the thread nor greater than the maximum body
jor diameter of the full form thread.
diameter, E, max., specified in Table 6. Hot forged screws
may have a reasonable swell under the head provided the (11) Straightness. Shanks of screws shall be straight (a)
straightness requirement, Note (1 i), is met. within the following limits at MMC. For screws with
(7) Point. Point shall be chamfered or rounded at man- nominal lengths up to and including 12 in., the maximum
camber shall be 0.006 in. per inch (0.006L) of screw
ufacturer’s option from approximately 0.016 in. below
the minor diameter of the thread. The first full formed length. For screws with nominal lengths over 12 in. up
thread at major diameter is located at a distance no greater to and including 24 in., the maximum camber shall be
than 2 times the pitch measilred from the end of the screw. 0.008 in. per inch (0.008L) of screw length. A typical
gage and gaging procedure for checking screw straight-
This distance is determined by measuring how far the
point enters into a cylindrical NOT GO major diameter ness is given in Appendix II.
ring gage (ref. Gage 3.1 ASME B1.2). (12) Threads. Threads, when rolled, shall be Unified
(8) Length Tolerances. Screw length tolerances are Inch coarse, fine, or 8 thread series (UNRC, UNRF, or 8
given in Table 10. Tolerances for pointed products shall UNR Series), Class 2A in accordance with ASME B 1.1.
Threads produced by other methods shall preferably be
apply.
UNRC, UNRF, or 8 UNR, but at manufacturer’s option,
(9) Thread Length. The length of thread on screws may be Unified Inch coarse, fine, or 8 thread series (UNC,
shall be controlled by the grip gaging length, LG, max., UNF, or UN Series), Class 2A. Acceptability of screw
and body length, LB, min. For long screws threaded full threads shall be determined based on System 21 of ASME
length of diameters through 1%in. and lengths through B1.3M, Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional
10 in., the values for LG, max. and LB, min. are specified Acceptability.
in Table 5. For short screws threaded full length, LG,max.
and LB, min. are given in Table 6B (see Fig. 3). ( 13) Identification Symbols. Identification marking
For diameter-length combinations not included in symbols on screw heads shall be raised or indented at the
Table 6B or Table 5, the maximum grip gaging length, manufacturer’s option unless otherwise specified. The
LG, max., for long screws which are not threaded full marking shall be in accordance with the requirements of
length, as calculated and rounded to two decimal places, para. 2.8. Markings shall be legible to the unaided eye with
shall be equal to the nominal screw length minus the nom- the exception of corrective lenses. When raised, the height
inal thread length (LG,max. = L, nom. - LT).It shall be of the marking may not exceed 0.015 in. over the speci-
used as the criterion for inspection. fied maximum head height for screws 5í8 in. and smaller.
Nominal thread length, LT, is a reference dimension For screws larger than 5/8 in., the marking may not project
intended for calculation purposes only. It represents the more than 0.030 in. over the specified maximum head
distance from the extreme end of the screw to the last height. When indented, the depth of the marking shall not
complete (full form) thread. Nominal thread length equals reduce the load carrying capability of the fastener.
twice the basic thread diameter plus 0.25 in. for nominal (14) Material. Unless otherwise specified, chemical
bolt lengths up to and including 6 in., and twice the ba- and mechanical properties of steel screws shall conform
sic thread diameter plus 0.50 in. for nominal lengths over to ASTM A 307, ASTM A 449, ASTM A 354 Grade BD,
6 in. or SAE 5429. Other materials and grades shall be as
Transition thread length, Y , max., is a reference di- agreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser.
mension equal to five coarse (UNC) pitches and is in-
(15) Nominal Size. Where specifying nominal size in
tended for calculation purposes only. It includes the
length of incomplete threads, the extrusion angle on decimals, zeros preceding the decimal and in the fourth
rolled threads, and the tolerances on grip length. decimal place shall be omitted.
For diameter-length combinations not included in ( 16) Dimensional Conformance. Unless otherwise
Table 5 or Table 6B, the minimum body length, as cal- specified, heavy hex screws shall have the following
culated and rounded to two decimal places, shall be characteristics inspected to ASME B 18.18.2M to the in-
equal to the maximum grip gaging length minus the spection levels shown:
24
COUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIESI ASME 618.2.1-1996
25
ASME 818.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
0000 00
v)
3
m O W C Y O
~ N
??Yu!
N
Q W
OmLo
S?
O 0 0 0
E
E 0000 00
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O 0 0 0
N O
Y03
O 0
Lo-w- w-
gsr
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O 0 0 0 O 0
LooLoo Loo
b o
b O C y L o
'?u??.
O 0 0 0
2:
26
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME 818.2.1-1996
Notes to Table 7: thread ring gage assembled by hand as far as the thread
will permit, shall not exceed the unthreaded length, S,
(1) Top of Head. Top of head shall be full form and
plus a length of 2% threads.
chamfered or rounded with the diameter of chamfer cir-
Nominal thread length, LT,is a reference dimension,
cle or start of rounding being equal to the maximum width
intended for calculation purposes only, which represents ,
across flats within a tolerance of minus 15%.
the distance from the extreme end of the bolt to the last
(2) Head Height. Mid-height, H,is a reference di-
complete (full form) thread. Nominal thread length equals
mension and equals the basic head height of square bolts
twice the basic thread diameter plus 0.25 in. for lengths
as given in Table 1. Head height, HI, is computed as mid
up to and including 6 in., and twice the basic diameter
height, H, plus 0.0833 times the specified maximum
plus 0.50 in. for lengths over 6 in.
width across flats, F . Tolerance on head height, HI,is
(9) Threads. Threads, when rolled, shall be Unified
plus and minus 0.020 in. from computed head height.
Inch coarse (UNRC Thread Series), Class 2A in accor-
(3) Bearing Surface. A die seam across the bearing
dance with ASME B1.l. Threads produced by other
surface is permissible. Angle of bearing surface with re-
methods may be Unified Inch coarse series (WC), Class
spect to shank is based on the 2 in. 12 slope of the in-
2A. Acceptability of screw threads shall be determined
ner fiange of American Standard beams and channels.
based on System 21, ASME B1.3M, Screw Thread
(4) True Position and Head. The axis of the head
Gaging Systems for Dimensional Acceptability-Inch
shall be located at true position with respect to the axis
and Memc Screw Threads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ).
of the body (determined over a distance under the head
(10) Material. Unless otherwise specified, chemical
equal to one diameter) within a tolerance zone having a
and mechanical properties of steel bolts shall conform to
diameter equivalent to 6% of the maximum width across
ASTM A 307, Grade A. Other materials shall be as
flats, regardless of feature size.
agreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser.
(5) Body Diameter. Any swell or fin under the head
(1 1) Identification Symbols. Identification marking
or any die seam on the body shall not exceed the basic
symbols on bolt heads shall be raised or indented at the
bolt diameter by the following:
manufacturer's option unless otherwise specified. The
0.030 in. for sizes 3/8 and 'h in. marking shall be in accordance with the requirements of
0.050 in. for sizes and 3/4 in. para. 2.8. Markings shall be legible to the unaided eye with
0.060 in. for sizes s1' and 1 in. the exception of corrective lenses. When raised, the height
of the marking may not exceed 0.015 in. over the speci-
(6) Point. Unless otherwise specified, bolts need not
fied maximum head height for bolts 1'8 in. and smaller. For
be pointed.
bolts larger than s1' in., the marking may not project more
(7) Length Tolerances. Bolt length tolerances are
than 0.030 in. over the specified maximum head height.
given in Table 10. Tolerances for nonpointed products
When indented, the depth of the marking shall not reduce
shall apply.
the load carrying capability of the fastener.
(8) Thread Length. The length of thread on bolts shall
(12) Nominal Size. Where specifying nominal size in
be controlled by the grip gaging length, LG,max.
decimals, zeros preceding decimal and in the fourth dec-
The maximum grip gaging length, as calculated and
imal place shall be omitted.
rounded to two decimal places, for any bolt length shall
(13) Dimensional Conformance. Unless otherwise
be equal to the nominal bolt length minus the nominal
specified, askew head bolts shall have the following char-
-
thread length (LG,max. = L,nom. LT).It represents
acteristics inspected to ASME B 18.18.2M to the inspec-
the minimum design grip length of the joint and shall be
tion levels shown:
used as the criîerion for inspection and for determining
thread availability when selecting bolt lengths, even Characterisuc Inspection Level
though usable threads &y extend beyond this point.
All bolts of nominal lengths equal to or shorter than Bearing surface angle C
Grip length C
the nominal thread length, 157,plus the unthreaded length, Threads C
S, shall be threaded for full length. The distance from the Visuai C
bearing surface of the head, as measured at mid-height
of head to the last scratch of thread, shall not exceed the If verifiable in-process inspection is used, see para. 2.10.
unthreaded length, S.The distance from the bearing sur- (14) Additional Requirements. For additional re-
face of the head, as measured at mid-height, to the first quirements, see section 1, introductory Notes, and
complete (fui1 form) thread, as measured with a Go Section 2, General Data.
27
ASME 618.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
.L
O
n c
oolnoln O 0 0 0 o o c
o o c y m r -
m m r r - m
o m o m
o m m r -
c.<?*?? . . . > O
00000
u 0 0 0 ---
olnc
ocyu
07"
28
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME 618.2.1-1996
r v - - - r t w h l h l mmm
99999 9999 999
0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 O 0 0
mmmmm mcomco m m m
99999 9999 999
0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 O 0 0
ooincohl N a m r - a m
rmmtwl- of-mm I>-*
r c c N N r?c?Pir! .<9k
00000 O 0 0 0 O 0 0
---
-motwin omintw O ~ U J
WlJOcohl inmtwr oaf-
N rnro<q ?o>'. "F.
o0000 0 0 - r
B
~
E
I
29
ASME B 18.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
P B T Di
Nominal Size Threads
or Basic per Flat at Depth of Root
Product Diameter Inch Pitch Root Thread Diameter
No. 10 0.1900 11 0.091 0.039 0.035 o. 120
1'4 0.2500 10 o.1O0 0.043 0.039 0.173
5/16 0.3125 9 0.1 11 0.048 0.043 0.227
% 0.3750 7 0.143 0.062 0.055 0.265
'Im 0.4375 7 0.143 0.062 0.055 0.328
30
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME 818.2.1-1996
31
ASME B 18.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
TABLE 10 LENGTH TOLERANCES FOR SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS'
NON-POINTED PRODUCTS INCLUDING
SQUARE, HEX, HEAW HEX, AND ASKEW HEAD BOLTS
Nominal Size
Nominal Length I 'h to '/e 9iIs to 3i4 lia and 1 l'le to 'I2 Over 1%
Up t o 1 in., incl. +0.02 +0.02 +0.02 ... ... ...
-0.03 -0.03 -0.03 ... ... ...
.
Over i in. to 2% in., incl. +0.02 +0.04 +0.06 +0.08 +0.12 +0.18
-0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.12 -0.18.
Over 2% in. to 4 in., incl. +0.04 +0.06 +0.08 +0.10 +0.16 +0.20
-0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.14 -0.16 -0.20
Over 4 in. to 6 in., incl. +0.06 +0.08 +0.10 +0.12 +0.18 +0.22
-0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.16 -0.18 -0.22
Over 2% in. to 4 in., incl. -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.14 -0.16 -0.20
Over 4 in. to 6 in., incl. -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.16 -0.18 -0.22
NOTE:
(1) Length tolerances for lag screws are given in Note (7)to Tables 8 and 9.
32
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.la-1999
APPENDIX I
DELETED
33
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) AS ME B18.2.1a-1999
APPENDIX II
STRAIGHTNESS GAGE AND GAGING
(This Appendix is an integral part of ASME B18.2.1-1996 and is placed after the main text for convenience.)
Allowable total camber on the product to be inspected distance by obtaining common readings on both mi-
shall be calculated by multiplying the specified permis- crometer heads. The adjustable rail shall then be locked
sible camber per inch or per millimeter of length by the in place by tightening securing screws.
product length expressed as a two-place decimal in inches The product shall then be inserted between rails, ex-
or a one-place decimal in millimeters. The total camber cluding from the gage any permissible length of swell or
thus derived shall be added to the specified maximum fillet under the head. The product shall be rotated by hand
body diameter exclusive of allowance for swell or fin un- through full 360 deg. Any interference occurring between
der head, and the adjustable rail of gage shall be adjusted the product and the gage which is sufficient to prevent
to provide a parallel space between the rails equal to this rotation indicates excessive camber.
NOTE:
(1) Excluded length X equals 2 times basic bolt diameter.
35
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37
APPENDIX B
SPECIFICATIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BOLTS AND SCREWS
(This Appendix is not part of ASME 618.2.1-1996 and is included for information only.)
B4 PROCEDURE
B6 SUPPLEMENTARY CRïíERIA
To identify an externally threaded fastener as a bolt or
B6.1 Under Head Fillet
as a screw, two sets of criteria - Primary and
Supplementary - shall be applied. The F’rimary Criteria A screw should have a controlled fillet at the junction
(paras. B5.1 through B5.4) shall be applied first. Any fas- of the head with the body. Because of the severe com-
tener which satisfies one of the Pnmary Criteria shall be bined torsion and tension stresses at this junction when
39
torquing the head, the minimum limits of the fillet radius loading in the fastener or in the assembled parts, and to
should be specified. Because the screw must be capable minimize interference with the walls of a minimum clear-
of being turned through a minimum clearance hole and ance hole.
into an immovable tapped hole, the maximum limits of
the fillet radius should be specified to assure solid seat-
ing of the head, and to prevent interference at the top of B6.6 Thread Concentricity
the hole with the junction of head to body.
The threads of a screw should be concentric with the
body axis within close limits to permit assembly into a
B6.2 Bearing Surface tapped hole (which usually has a length of thread en-
gagement longer than a nut) without binding of the body
The under-head bearing surface of a screw should be
against the wails of a minimum clearance hole.
smooth and flat to minimize frictional resistance during
tightening, to prevent scoring of the surface against which
the head is turned, and to produce uniform clamping loads.
B6.7 Thread Length
The length 9f thread on a screw must be sufficient to
B6.3 Perpendicularity of Bearing Surface
develop the full strength of the fastener in tapped holes
The angularity (squareness) of the under-head bearing in various materials.
surface with the shank of a screw should be controlled
to minimize eccentric loading in the screw or assembled
parts, and to assure complete seating and uniform under- B6.8 Point
head bearing pressure.
A screw should have a chamfered, or other specially
prepared point at its end to facilitate entry into the hole
B6.4 Body and easy start with the internal thread, which may be dis-
tant from the top of the hole. The point also protects the
The body of a screw should be closely controlled in
first thread, which, if damaged, may gail or scar the in-
accuracy of size and roundness. To fit effectively through
ternal thread throughout its entire length.
a minimum clearance hole, the body diameter must have
close tolerances, preferably unilateral on the minus side.
B6.9 Length
B6.5 Shank Straightness
The length of a screw should be closely toleranced,
The shank of a screw should be straight to permit ready with variance preferably unilateral on the minus side to
engagement with the internal thread, to prevent eccentric prevent bottoming of the fastener in a tapped hole.
40
APPENDIX C
WEIGHT IN POUNDS OF 100 HEX CAP SCREWS FOR
GIVEN DIAMETER/LENGTH COMBINATION
(This Appendix is not part of ASME 818.2.1-1996 and is included for information only.)
~~ ~~~~
Diameter
Lengths,
Muitiple of
Diameter 'I4 'I2 314 1
30 1.44 11.59 38.23 90.96
40 1.74 14.35 47.56 113.04
5D 2.08 17.1 1 56.89 135.12
6D 2.43 19.87 66.22 157.20
70 2.77 22.63 75.55 179.30
80 3.12 25.39 84.88 201.3
41
,
Bolt or Screw Dia.
7%through E/'
Over %through !'a
Over %through !'a
Over '18 through 1%
Over 13hthrough 2
Over 2 through 3
Over 3 through 5
Over 5 through 8
1
X
I 2
X
1 3
X
APPENDIX D
COUNTERSUNK CENTER HOLES
(This Appendix is not part of ASME 818.2.1-1996and is included for information only.)
Plain or bell-type 60 deg. combined drills and countersinks may be used to produce countersunk center holes in the
points for support of long parts under the provisions of para. 2.12 (see ASME B94.11M-1993).
X
4 5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[Notes (11, i2)l
6
43
1
8
X
11
X
Depth. Max:
0.101
0.149
0.250
0.297
0.422
0.485
0.594
0.704
...
12
X
13
X
Beil-Type Number
14
X
15
X
16
X
.
APPENDIX E
GOVERNMENT STANDARD ITEMS ANO PART IDENTIFYING
NUMBERING SYSTEM (PIN CODE) FOR SCREW, CAP, HEXAGON HEAD
(See ASME B18.2.1, Table 4 Data)
(This Appendix is not part of ACME 618.2.1-1996 and is included for information only.)
NOTE:The Government encourages the general use of this Appendix (b) Requirements
to achieve maximum parts standardization. ( I ) Self-Locking Element. Self-locking element re-
This Appendix, together with ASME B 18.2.1, Table 4 quirements shall be in accordance with Table E l and the
data, establishes the standard items for Government ap- following for the nominal size shown:
plication, selected from the possible variations of items (u) the self-locking element shall be a patch
within the scope of the Standard, and provides a part num- type or longitudinal strip in accordance with MIL-F-
bering system for identification and application in engi- 18240;
neering documents for screws, cap, hexagon head, inch- (b) for X and Y dimensions and design and us-
pound products. age limitations, see MS15981;
( a ) Variations. The following variations shall be stan- (c) maximum ring gage diameter that locking re-
dard: gion of screw must pass through freely or with finger
(I) document identifier: ASME standard number pressure shall be the nominal size plus 0.010.
less decimal points; ( 2 ) Drilled Heud. Drilled head requirements shall be
(2) diarnetedthread designation and length combi- in accordance with Table E l for the nominal size shown.
nations: as specified in Table El. (3) Identification Marking
(3) materiaVperformance:alloy steel, Grade 8 -as ( a ) Grude Symbol. Heads shall be marked to
coded in Part Identifying Numbering System; identify chemical and mechanical properties in accor-
(4) finish: cadmium plating or zinc coating - as dance with the specified material specification. In addi-
coded in Part Identifying Numbering System; tion, screws with self-locking elements shall be marked
(5) fastener configuration: hexagon head cap screw with six dots in a circular pattern on the head.
code; (b) Source Symbol. The source accepting re-
(a thread designation: as coded in Part Identifying sponsibility for the conformance of the screw to this spec-
Numbering System; ification shall be marked on the head in accordance with
(7) special features: identifying symbols of MIL-HDBK-57.
( a ) none; (4) Quulizy Assurance Provisions. Quality assur-
(b) drilled head, self-locking or drilled head, and ance provisions shall be in accordance with ASME
self-locking as coded in Part Identifying Numbering B18.18.2M. Inspection level B shall apply for thread ac-
System. ceptability.
NOTE:The Part Numbering System may also be used for nonstandard (5) Packaging. Packaging shall be in accordance
diametedthreads per inch and length combinations. with ASTM D 3951 and cite the country of origin.
45
J
Hole
Head Height, H '12. H
Nominal
Size Max. Min. Max. Min. +0.006, -Ö.002
'14 0.163 0.150 0.088 0.075 0.0625
%l 0.21 1 0.195 0.1 14 0.098 0.0625
Q 0.243 0.226 0.130 0.113 0.0625
7 1 ~ 0.291 0.272 O. 155 0.136 0.0625
41
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51
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR BOLTS. NUTS. RIVETS. SCREWS.
WASHERS. AND SIMILAR FASTENERS
The ASME Publications Catalog shows a complete list of all the Standards published by the Society. For a
complimentary catalog. o r the latest information about our publications. call 7-800-THE-ASME (1.800.843.27631 .