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LANDSCAPING AS A SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY

 In the built environment we are concerned with the local environment systems because the
macro and micro climate have a very important role to play in the energy performance of a
building.
 Landscaping can improve microclimate of the immediate surrounding of the building. By
modifying the micro climate around a building making the it sustainable.
 Landscaping can be used as climatic design element for achieving low energy consumption
in building.
 Landscaping and garden design can simultaneously address aesthetics and amenity, water
management, air quality, climate modification, biodiversity, habitat creation and local food
production — and it can help warm and cool your house. The planning and design of outdoor
space should be considered an integral part of sustainable design.
 Landscape: Landscaping is an important element in altering the micro-climate of a place.
Proper landscaping reduced direct sun from striking and heating up building surfaces. It is
the best way to provide a buffer for heat, sun, noise, traffic, and airflow or for diverting
airflow or exchanging heat in a solar-passive design. It prevents reflected light carrying heat
into a building from the ground or other surfaces. Additionally, the shade created by trees,
reduces air temperature of the micro climate around the building through evapo-
transpiration. Properly designed roof gardens help to reduce heat loads in a building

FOOD PRODUCTION

 It can include food-producing gardens irrigated by captured storm water and landscaping
practices like permaculture, which takes an approach to landscaping and design that uses
ecological principles to create sustainable environments with an emphasis on food
production and resource conservation.
 Plants even can provide fresh vegetables for building occupants.

WATER BODIES

 The use of waterbodies like ponds and water features can be integrated into a sustainable
landscape solution as part of an overall water management system and as part of the passive
climate response strategy

REDUCTION OF STORM WATER RUN OFF

 Reduction of storm water run-off through the use of bio-swales, rain gardens and green roofs
and walls.
 Permeable paving materials to reduce storm water run-off and allow rain water to infiltrate
into the ground and replenish groundwater rather than run into surface water
 They act as rainwater buffers. By absorbing rain, the water travels through the plants,
substrate and drainage layer before reaching the sewage system. This reduces the level of
groundwater and reduces the risk of flooding a sewage system at peak load. Storm water
runoff leads to erosion, flooding and transports pollutants into water sources. By harvesting
and redirecting storm water, building surfaces with permeable materials and utilizing green
roofs and exterior green walls can ultimately limit and control overflow.

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REDUCTION OF WATER USE

 Reduction of water use in landscapes through design of water-wise garden techniques

(sometimes known as xeriscaping)

BIO FILTERING OF WASTES

 Bio-filtering of wastes through constructed wetlands

USE OF GREY WATER

 Landscape irrigation using water from showers and sinks, known as grey water
 Recycling rainwater and grey water for the use of irrigation and urinals and toilet flushes
helps to conserve water.
 Water retention and filtering will help protect water quality.

WILD LIFE

 Creating and enhancing wildlife habitat in urban environments

 Use of native, drought-tolerant plantings will create habitat for birds and insects, reduce
water use, and aid adaptation to changing climate conditions.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

 Energy-efficient landscape design in the form of proper placement and selection of shade
trees and creation of wind breaks.
 Plants reduce energy usage.

USE OF RECYCLING PRODUCTS

 Recycling of products, such as glass, rubber from tires and other materials to create
landscape products such as paving stones, mulch and other materials.

SOIL MANAGEMENT

 Soil management techniques, including composting kitchen and yard wastes, to maintain
and enhance healthy soil that supports a diversity of soil life

REDUCING SOLAR HEAT GAIN

 Proper landscaping reduce sun from striking and heating up building surfaces.
 Deciduous trees are perfectly designed by nature to offer direct solar benefits. They leaf out
to provide shade in the summer, then shed their leaves to let the sun shine in during the
winter. Planting deciduous trees on the southern side of a building beneficial in composite
climate.

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 selected types of plants can be strategically positioned to protect the building from the sun
ray and heat which reduce glare and temperature and give comfort both inside and outside
the house. Thus, the usage supplementary of cooling agent like air-conditioner can be
decreased.
 Expose building walls and roof to cool conductors. Trap air cooled by evapo-transpiration
next to building walls and roof
 It shades the ground surface.
REDUCE RADIATION
 Block incident radiation.
 Avoid reflected radiation and emitted radiation
 Albedo control
 Albedo (al-bee-doh) is a measure of how much light that hits a surface is reflected without being
absorbed.

AIR FLOW PATTERNS

 Direct or divert the wind advantageously. And create different airflow patterns.
 It helps to modulate the air flows within the building.
 Increase ventilation by cool breezes. Replace hot air next to building wall and roof with
cooler air.
 Reduce surface temperatures in prevailing wind directions
 •Prevent infiltration of hot winds. •Reduce wind speed. • Deflect Hot Winds. •Insulate
Building.

REDUCING AIR TEMPERATURE

 The shade creates by trees, grass, shrubs reduces air temperature adjoining the building.
 Provide evaporative cooling
 Increase rate of evaporation. Increase evaporative surfaces Increase convection over
evaporative surfaces.
 It retains the cooling moisture of precipitation.
GREEN ROOF

 Roof gardens help to reduce heat loads in buildings.

 Green roof: A green roof can lower the temperature in your house, improve local air quality
and help add green space in urban areas where concrete is the major material.
 Green roofs can be as simple as a couple of types of ground cover or include a beautiful mix
of moss, succulents, ground cover, and even herbs and plants.
 Not just that, rooftop gardens also can decrease energy demand on space conditioning
which emit the GHG, through direct shading of the roof, evapotranspiration and improved
insulation values.

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 If widely implemented, rooftop gardens could cut off the urban heat island effect, which will
end up decrease air pollution, excessive heat and inefficient resource use episodes.
 They could also help to improve storm water management if appropriately executed in
metropolitan areas.
 “Green roofs provide better insulation than conventional roofs, reduce the amount of solar
radiation reaching the roof surface, reduce roof surface temperatures, and improve the
operational efficiency of rooftop air conditioning units”
 A green roof, or rooftop garden, is a vegetative layer grown on a rooftop. Green roofs provide shade,
remove heat from the air, and reduce temperatures of the roof surface and surrounding air.

GREEN WALL
 Green wall design has a space saving benefit which is great for high rise and small urban
development.
 Green wall can be used for building insulation purpose.
 Instead of conserving, it can also improve air and water quality. Green walls add a distinctive
style to any house or building.
 The cooling effect of the green wall plants transpiring reduces the heat of buildings. Rooftop
gardens may absorb solar radiation. Green walls have good phonic qualities to absorb sound
waves. Rooftop gardens provide habitat restoration for wildlife. Green walls act as a bio filter
that captures VOC’s (Volatile Organic Compounds). Rooftop gardens can be used as natural
retreats for the building users.
 A green wall is a vertical greening typology, where a vertical built structure is intentionally
covered by vegetation.
 Our green walls help buildings become more energy efficient which leads to a decrease in
carbon emissions. They also mitigate the urban heat island effect, absorb and filter storm
water, reduce pollution and act as carbon sinks. ... These features act to reduce the carbon
footprint of a building.
 green walls also help to save energy during the summer. Through the process known as
transpiration plants actually cool their surrounding environment slightly. ... There is an
additional layer of air between it and the wall which reduces the amount of heat escaping
and cool air coming in.

 The root zone treatment is a

natural maintenance free system
where the sewage wastewater is
purified by the roots of wetland
plants. The root zone process
functions according to the law of
nature, to effectively purify
domestic and industrial
effluents.

RAIN GARDEN
 A raingarden is an artificial depression in the landscape that collects and stores storm water
runoff until it can infiltrate the soil. The soil stores the water for use by vegetation.

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The water may also move through the soil, recharging groundwater or surface water
systems.
 A rain garden is a depressed area in the landscape that collects rain water from a roof,
driveway or street and allows it to soak into the ground. Planted with grasses and flowering
perennials, rain gardens can be a cost effective and beautiful way to reduce runoff

NOISE REDUCTION
 Noise reduction. Plants can effectively reduce or insulate background noise, vibrations and
reduce sound penetration if positioned correctly.
ROOF LIFE
 Plants extend roof lives.
AIR FILTER
 Plants naturally filter the air of harmful chemicals and other toxins.
URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
 Planting of shady trees will reduce the urban heat island effect, creating more liveable
outdoor spaces. Edible landscaping is a responsible and worthwhile use of landscape space,
even in the front yard.
DAY LIGHT
 By orientation, screening, and overhang the amount of sunlight admitted to the interior can
be precisely controlled. It provides sunscreen, shade, and shadow

There are seven types of landscape and building elements: walls, windows, screens, roofs,
canopies, floors, and courts.

IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPNG IN SUSTAIABLE DESIGN

 Preservation of nature:
Landscape provides solutions to many existing environmental issues, protects ecology and helps to
protect nature.
 Regeneration of polluted areas
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These negative effects of polluted areas can be fixed through landscaping and planting.
 Storm-water management
Landscape architecture protects wetlands and seeks solutions to provide storm-water management
in a natural way.
Reduction of storm water run-off through the use of bio-swales, rain gardens and green roofs and
walls.
 Cleaning soil and water

There is a vast amount of soil and water that is polluted and needs to be cleaned up. One
way of doing this by phytoremediation.

Phytoremediation is a low cost solution which involves the direct use of living green plants for
removal, degradation, or containment of contaminants in soils, sludge, sediments, surface
water and groundwater. Simply put, plants are used to help clean up the contaminants in soil.

 Air purification

This helps to filter the air and makes it cleaner.

 Relief from hot weather

Sitting under a tree can be pleasant but it also has an important practical effect – trees provide
a cooling effect. This is especially important in an urban environment, where the concrete
structures increase heat and their density doesn’t not allow for open green spaces.

 Provides outdoor recreation

Landscape architecture provides outdoor recreation areas. This increases the quality of the
physical well-being of the local population giving them more choices for recreation and the
chance to get social connections with other people using the space.

 Conservation of energy and resources

PREVENT HEAT GAIN THROUGH CONDUCTION

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PREVENT HEAT GAIN THROUGH CONVECTION

ENCOURAGE HEAT LOSS THROUGH CONVECTION

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ENCOURAGE HEAT LOSS THROUGH EVAPORATION

PREVENT HEAT GAIN THROUGH RADIATION

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ENCOURAGE HEAT LOSS THROUGH CONDUCTION

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ENERGY-EFFICIENT LANDSCAPE DESIGN

 Through an accurate and conscious energy protected landscape design, it is possible to
reduce the energy cost spent for heating and cooling during summer and winter seasons at
30%
 Temperate climate: It should maximize warming effects of the sun in winter and maximize
shade during the summer. Buildings should be protected away from winter winds. Summer
breezes should be directed toward the buildings. Constantly green trees with low branches
to protect them from the cold winter winds on the northern front, low shrubs or trees not
high, should be applied on the south front, high body deciduous trees should be placed on
the eastern and western facades for block the sun and allowing natural ventilation
 Hot-arid climate: It provides shade to cool roofs, walls, and windows. Allows summer winds
to access naturally cooled homes and blocks or deflect winds away from air-conditioned
homes. North and south sides should avoid forestation, while the eastern and western
direction (positioning studies may be substituted), shrubs, vines have been placed on the
walls and deciduous trees should be implemented
 Hot-humid climate: Channel summer breezes toward the home. Maximize summer shade
with trees that still allow penetration of low-angle winter sun. Avoid locating planting beds
close to the home if they require frequent watering. Should avoid forestation on the
southern front, in the northern front, forestation should be done providing the shadow
effect in summer. The eastern and western direction, shrubs, and vines have been placed on
the walls and deciduous trees should be implemented
 Cool climate: Use dense windbreaks to protect the building from cold winter winds. Allow
the winter sun to reach south-facing windows. If summer overheating is a problem, shade
south and west windows and walls from the direct summer sun. The north façade is useful
in cold climate regions partly raised land application. Northern, eastern, and western fronts
in constantly green shrubs and the green, the low branches of trees should be preferred. In
the southern wind breaker, low shrubs and grass should be applied. In southeast and
southwest direction away from the building, deciduous trees should be used

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 The ground cover may also be utilized for energy conservation in buildings. Completely or
partially buried, construction can moderate building temperature, save energy, and preserve
open space and views above the building. If the wall and roof being covered by a layer of
earth of substantial thickness sufficient to insulate the dwelling thermally and acoustically
and reducing the quantity of energy necessary to maintain the interior of the building
comfortable for the occupants even when the atmosphere is extremely hot or cold.
Landscaping techniques appropriate for four different climates (temperate, very cold, hot and dry,
and hot and humid) [12]. (a) The general tree planting logic for most country [12], (b) landscaping
techniques for a temperate climate. The windbreak on the north side of the building should be no
farther away than four times its height, (c) landscaping techniques for very cold climates, (d)
landscaping techniques for hot and dry climates, and (e) landscaping techniques for hot and humid
climates.

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