ADNAAN BELIM

LLM (CONSTITUTION) 1ST SEM

CLASS TEST

ANS-1 globalization can be defined as the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of

peoples and countries. It is generally understood to include two inter-related elements: the
opening of international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and
ideas; and the changes in institutions and policies at national and international levels that facilitate
or promote such flows.
this worldwide phenomenon is inherent to human nature. Because of this, a few say globalization
started approximately 60,000 years ago, at the start of human history. Throughout time, human
societies changing change has been growing. Since the antique times, one in all a kind civilization
have advanced industrial change routes and skilled cultural exchanges. And as well, the migratory
phenomenon has additionally been contributing to those populational exchanges. Especially
nowadays, in view that touring has become quicker, greater comfortable, and greater affordable.

This phenomenon has persisted sooner or later of history, appreciably via army conquests and
exploration expeditions. But it was not, till technological advances in transportation and
conversation that globalization speeded up. It became especially after the second one 1/2 of the
twentieth century that global trades increased in this kind of measurement and pace that the term  
globalisation commenced to be normally used.

Advantages
Globalization brings some of ability advantages to global manufacturers and country wide
economies, including: Providing an incentive for international locations to specialize and enjoy the
utility of the precept of comparative advantage. Access to large markets method that corporations
may also enjoy better call for his or her products, in addition to advantage from economies of scale,
which ends up in a discount in common manufacturing costs. Globalization allows international get
right of entry to to reasserts of reasonably priced uncooked substances, and this allows
corporations to be price competitive of their personal markets and in distant places markets.

Seeking out the most inexpensive substances from round the sector is called worldwide sourcing.
Because of price discounts and expanded revenue, globalization can generate expanded income for
shareholders. Avoidance of regulation via way of means of finding manufacturing in international
locations with much less strict regulatory regimes, together with the ones in many Less Developed
Countries (LCDs).

Globalization has brought about expanded flows of inward investment among international
locations, which has created advantages for recipient international locations. These advantages
consist of the sharing of expertise and era among international locations. In the lengthy term,
expanded alternate is likely to cause the advent of extra employment in all international locations
which are involved.
Disadvantages
There also are numerous ability risks of globalization, which includes the following: The over-
standardization of merchandise thru worldwide branding is a not unusual place complaint of
globalization. For example, the bulk of the sectors computer systems use Microsofts Windows
running gadget.

Clearly, standardizing of pc running structures and systems creates good sized benefits, however
critics argue that this results in a loss of product diversity, in addition to presenting boundaries to
entry to small, local, producers. Large multinational corporations also can go through from
diseconomies of scale, inclusive of problems related to coordinating the sports of subsidiaries
primarily based totally in numerous international locations. The elevated electricity and have an
impact on of multinationals is likewise visible with the aid of using many as a good-sized downside
of globalization.

For example, massive multinational corporations can transfer their investments among territories
on the lookout for the maximum favourable regulatory regimes. MNCs can function as local
monopsonies of labour, and push wages decrease than the unfastened marketplace equilibrium.
Critics of globalization additionally spotlight the ability lack of jobs in home markets due to
elevated, and in a few cases, unfair, unfastened trade.

This view virtually debts for a few the upward thrust in nationalist actions in lots of evolved
economies, alongside the rush for elevated protectionism. Globalization also can boom the tempo
of deindustrialization, that is the gradual erosion of an economic systems production base. Jobs can
be misplaced due to the structural adjustments springing up from globalization. Structural
adjustments can also additionally lead to structural unemployment and can additionally widen the
distance among the wealthy and terrible.

ANS 2- The concepts of law and justice are often confused and misinterpreted by many. While the
two are strictly connected, they are not the same thing. Justice is a broad concept that is based on
equality of rights, fairness and morality. Conversely, law is a body of regulations and standards set
up by governments and international bodies and is (or should be) based on the idea of justice. Laws
are written norms that regulate the actions of the citizens and of the government itself in all
aspects, whereas justice is a principle that may or may not be universally recognised.

The concepts of law and justice are fairly similar as most laws are thought to be just and fair. Some
of the main similarities between the two include:
1. Both concepts regulate human behavior and aim at creating a more just and equal environment;
2. Law should be based on the idea of justice and should be implemented and interpreted in a just
manner – without discriminations; and
3. Both are based on the ideas of Morality ,equality , order and fairness.

Justice is an inherent component of the law and not a separate  component .

Law and justice are two very different things that share a close relationship with each other.

In modern society, there are social institutions in place to enforce laws loosely guided by ethics and
justice. Law is the science of the ways people agree to regulate behavior within a community while
Justice is the art of practicing law.
Therefore, people may agree or disagree about a Law, but it is usually written down or so
commonly accepted as “common law” that the Law itself is a fixed object. Laws can be changed.
There are numerous ways to change Laws: through legislation, through Court judgements that set
precedents or actually change the wording and meaning of the Law, or through abolishment.
Laws are written rules and regulations which is established and enforced by the government and its
entities. Each country has its own laws applied to all states

The practice of the Law and its impact on people’s lives, individually or as a group or class of people
is where the Art of Justice is found. 
''JUSTICE'' can be defined as “rendering to each person what he or she deserves under the Law.”

Law may be defined as the body of principles recognized and applied by the State in the
administration of justice.

Natural Justice is “…a concept of common law which represents higher procedural principles
developed by the courts, which every judicial, quasi-judicial and administrative agency must follow
while taking any decision adversely affecting the rights of a private individual.”
Economic justice is “a set of moral principles for building economic institutions, the ultimate goal of
which is to create an opportunity for each person to create a sufficient material foundation upon
which to have a dignified, productive, and creative life beyond economics.”
Legal Justice is “…is exercised in fulfillment of  existing Law.”  This is what is commonly  known as
“…justice according to law….”
Both Law and Justice regulate large areas of human behavior, trying to create an equal
environment. Therefore, laws must be based on the practice of justice.

The terms “law” and “justice” refer to two similar yet different concepts. The ideas of law and
justice often go hand-in-hand but refer to two different ideas. Law is a system of regulations,
standards, principles and norms created by a country’s government in order to regulate the life and
the actions of the citizens. Laws are found in written codes and are enforced by the government
and its bodies, including security forces, police, judiciary, etc. Conversely, justice is a more abstract
concept based on the idea of equality of rights, and fairness. All laws should be based on the idea of
justice and should be implemented and enforced in a just way without discrimination of Sex,
gender, religion, caste, colour, age, race, language or any other status.