Everything As A Service

Everything as a service (XaaS) there is a general trend away from locally managing dedicated
hardware toward cloud infrastructures that drives down the overall cost for computational capacity
and storage.
This is commonly referred to as “cloud computing.” Cloud computing is a model for enabling
ubiquitous, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be provisioned, configured, and
made available with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
Cloud computing does not change the fundamentals of software engineering. All applications need
access to three things: compute, storage, and data processing capacities. With cloud computing, a
fourth element is added distribution services i.e. the manner in which the data and computational
capacity are linked together and coordinated.
essential characteristics of cloud computing
• On-Demand Self-Service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as

server time and network storage, as needed, or automatically, without requiring human interaction
with each service provider.
Broad Network Access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard
mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g. mobile phones,
tablets, laptops, and workstations).
• Resource Pooling. The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers
using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and
reassigned according to consumer demand.
There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or
knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources, but may be able to specify location at
a higher level of abstraction (e.g. country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include
storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth.
• Rapid Elasticity. Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases
automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand.
• Measured Service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a
metering capability, at some level of abstraction, appropriate to the type of service (e.g. storage,
processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and
reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
For M2M and IoT, these infrastructures provide the following:
1. Storage of the massive amounts of data that sensors, tags, and other “things” will produce.
2. Computational capacity in order to analyze data rapidly and cheaply.
3. Over time, cloud infrastructure will allow enterprises and developers to share datasets, allowing
for rapid creation of information value chains
The three main service models may be defined as (NIST 2011):
Software as a Service (SaaS): This form of cloud service is becoming increasingly popular both for
home and business use. It entails the use of a software package remotely, often using a web
browser. The user is able to use the software package from their computer, and any suitable device
by logging into their account. The application is run on the cloud services server and data is stored
securely there.
This type of cloud service is useful because payments are often monthly and on a per user or per
seat basis, and can be used for as long or as short a period of time as is needed. Also updates are
implemented on the cloud system and in this way new updates do not need to be bought or
downloaded onto the end user system.
Platform as a Service (PaaS):
This form of cloud computing service can often be considered as the next layer up. It includes not
only the hardware including the storage, servers and networking capability, but it will also include
tools and software needed to build applications, etc.
This type of cloud service could include middleware, database management, operating systems, and
development tools and the like.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
The Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) form of cloud technology refers to the use of the hardware
building blocks of computing namely physical or virtual servers, storage and networking. These
services are rented as required and used remotely over a wide area network which is typically the
Internet.
This is form of cloud service is very attractive to organisations that may have variable requirements
for hardware or may not want to run and maintain them themselves. It does however sometimes
require a a level of technical expertise to implement the use of the remote cloud services dependent
upon what is actually needed.
One common use of these cloud services is the use of cloud web servers that can be used to deliver
content. A company may not want to own its own servers, but rely on a hosting company with its
own servers and expertise. Normally these services are relatively straightforward to access and
operate.
Cloud computing deployment models
Private Cloud. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization
comprising multiple consumers (e.g. business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by
the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.
Community Cloud. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community
of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g. mission, security requirements,
policy, and compliance considerations). It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of
the organizations in the community, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on
or off premises
Public Cloud. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be
owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some
combination thereof. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider.
Hybrid Cloud. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures
(private, community, or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized
or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g. cloud bursting for load
balancing between clouds).

Everything As A Service

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Everything as a service (XaaS) there is a general trend away from locally managing dedicated

essential characteristics of cloud computing

• On-Demand Self-Service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as

For M2M and IoT, these infrastructures provide the following:

2. Computational capacity in order to analyze data rapidly and cheaply.

The three main service models may be defined as (NIST 2011):

Platform as a Service (PaaS):

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

Cloud computing deployment models

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