Summary of Coordinate Systems: Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical
Summary of Coordinate Systems: Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical
Summary of Coordinate Systems: Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical
z
z
P(r, θ, z)
Cylindrical Coordinates
P (r, Θ, z) r y
x θ
z
Spherical Coordinates P(r, θ, Φ)
θ r
P (r, Θ, Φ)
Φ
y
x
Page 108
z z
P(r, θ, Φ)
Cartesian Coordinates P(x,y,z)
θ r P(x,y,z) y
y x
x Φ
z
P(r, θ, z)
θ
r y
x
VECTOR NOTATION
VECTOR NOTATION:
Rectangular or
Cartesian
A Axaˆx Ayaˆy Azaˆz Coordinate
System
z
A B AxBx AyBy AzBz Dot Product
(SCALAR)
x
1
A Ax2 Ay2 Az2 2 Magnitude of vector
Cartesian Coordinates
( x, y, z)
Vector representation
z
A xˆAx yˆAy zˆAz z1
Z plane
Magnitude of A A( x1 , y1 , z1 )
x plane
A A A Ax2 Ay2 Az2 Az
ẑ ŷ y1
x̂ y
Position vector A
Ay
Ax
x1
xˆx1 yˆy1 zˆz1 x
Dot product:
A B Ax Bx Ay By Az Bz Az A
B
Cross product: y
Ay
Ax
xˆ yˆ zˆ x
A B Ax Ay Az
Bx By Bz
UNIT VECTORS:
Cylindrical representation uses: r ,f , z
aˆ
r aˆf aˆ z
A Araˆr Afaˆf Azaˆz
A B ArBr AfBf AzBz
Dot Product
(SCALAR)
z
r
P
x f y
VECTOR REPRESENTATION: SPHERICAL COORDINATES
UNIT VECTORS:
Spherical representation uses: r ,q , f
aˆ
r aˆq aˆf
A Ar aˆr Aq aˆq Af aˆf
A B ArBr AqBq AfBf
Dot Product
(SCALAR)
q P
x f y
VECTOR REPRESENTATION: UNIT VECTORS
Rectangular Coordinate System
z Unit Vector
â z Representation
for Rectangular
Coordinate
System
âx â y
x
The Unit Vectors imply :
âr
x f y
z âf
q P
âr
r
f y
âq
x
Summary
aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z aˆ
r aˆf aˆ z aˆ
r aˆq aˆf
r,f, z r,q ,f
Cartesian Coordinates
Differential quantities:
Length:
dl xˆdx yˆdy zˆdz
Area:
dsx xˆdydz
ds y yˆdxdz
dsz zˆdxdy
Volume:
dv dxdydz
Page 109
METRIC COEFFICIENTS
2. Cylindrical Coordinates:
y Differential Distances:
Distance = r df
( dr, rdf, dz )
df
r
x
METRIC COEFFICIENTS
3. Spherical Coordinates:
y Differential Distances:
Distance = r sinq df
( dr, rdq, r sinq df )
z
df
r sinq q P
x
r
f y
x
METRIC COEFFICIENTS
rectangular
dl dx aˆx dy aˆy dz aˆz
cylindrical dl dr aˆr r df aˆf dz aˆz
spherical dl dr aˆr rdq aˆq r sinqdf aˆf
AREA INTEGRALS
dx
Example:
y
7 6
6
AREA = dy dx
3 2
= 16
Vector is NORMAL
to surface ds dx dy aˆ z
DIFFERENTIALS FOR INTEGRALS
ds dx dy aˆ z or ds rdf dz aˆr
Vector representation
ˆ A zˆAz
A aˆ A rˆAr
Base
Vectors
Magnitude of A
Base vector properties
A A A Ar2 A2 Az2
ˆ zˆ,
rˆ
Position vector A
ˆ zˆ rˆ,
rˆr1 zˆz1 ˆ
zˆ rˆ
Back Pages 109-112
Cylindrical Coordinates
Dot product:
A B Ar Br Af Bf Az Bz
B A
Cross product:
rˆ fˆ zˆ
A B Ar Af Az
Br Bf Bz
Differential quantities:
Length:
ˆ rd zˆdz
dl rˆdr
Area:
dsr rˆrddz
ˆ drdz
ds
dsz zˆrdrd
Volume:
dv rdrddz
Pages 109-112
Spherical Coordinates
Vector representation (R, θ, Φ)
A Rˆ AR qˆAq fˆAf
Magnitude of A
A A A AR2 Aq2 Af2
Position vector A
Rˆ R1
Base vector properties
Rˆ ˆ ˆ , ˆ ˆ Rˆ , ˆ Rˆ ˆ
Back Pages 113-115
Spherical Coordinates
Dot product:
A B AR BR Aq Bq Af Bf
B A
Cross product:
Rˆ qˆ fˆ
A B AR Aq Af
BR Bq Bf
Length:
dl R sin d
dl Rˆ dlR
ˆ dl
ˆ dl
Rˆ dR ˆ Rd ˆ R sin d
Area:
dsR Rˆ dl dl Rˆ R 2 sin dd
ˆ dlR dl ˆ R sin dRd
ds
ˆ dlR dl ˆ RdRd
ds
Volume:
dv R2 sin dRdd
Back Pages 113-115