The immune system protects the body from infection through multiple lines of defense. The first line of defense includes physical barriers like skin and mucus. The innate immune system provides the second line of defense through inflammation and white blood cells that attack foreign substances. The adaptive immune system forms the third line of defense and specifically targets pathogens using B cells, T cells, antibodies, and memory cells that mount faster and stronger responses upon repeat exposure to the same pathogen.
The immune system protects the body from infection through multiple lines of defense. The first line of defense includes physical barriers like skin and mucus. The innate immune system provides the second line of defense through inflammation and white blood cells that attack foreign substances. The adaptive immune system forms the third line of defense and specifically targets pathogens using B cells, T cells, antibodies, and memory cells that mount faster and stronger responses upon repeat exposure to the same pathogen.
The immune system protects the body from infection through multiple lines of defense. The first line of defense includes physical barriers like skin and mucus. The innate immune system provides the second line of defense through inflammation and white blood cells that attack foreign substances. The adaptive immune system forms the third line of defense and specifically targets pathogens using B cells, T cells, antibodies, and memory cells that mount faster and stronger responses upon repeat exposure to the same pathogen.
The immune system protects the body from infection through multiple lines of defense. The first line of defense includes physical barriers like skin and mucus. The innate immune system provides the second line of defense through inflammation and white blood cells that attack foreign substances. The adaptive immune system forms the third line of defense and specifically targets pathogens using B cells, T cells, antibodies, and memory cells that mount faster and stronger responses upon repeat exposure to the same pathogen.
The immune system protects the body from natural killer lymphocytes: respond to virus-infected cells; can recognize damaged cells with the presence of antibodies; part of early infection by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. defense against bacterial infection neutrophils: leukocytes that destroy invaders Terms pathogens: any foreign substances that cause disease or infection; adaptive immune system: specifically targets include viruses, bacteria, and fungi pathogens and attacks them based on their specific properties phagocytes: specialized white blood cells that can engulf portions of or entire pathogens antibodies: proteins that bind to the antigen to neutralize it and stimulate phagocytes to ingest the plasma cells: a type of B cell that produces antibodies entire structure skin: organ that surrounds the entire body, leaving few openings for an antigens: substances unrecognized by the immune infection-causing agent to enter system that exist on the surface of pathogenic cells T cells: antigen-detecting lymphocytes antimicrobial peptides: interfere with membrane and white blood cells: specialized blood cells that attack pathogens DNA function of bacteria, destroying it B cells: stimulated by helper T cells; produce antibodies Lines of Defense in the Immune System for an antibody-mediated response 1. external barriers skin, enzymes, mucus, earwax, native cell-mediated response: destruction of infected cells by bacteria cytotoxic T cells 2. the innate response inflammation, eukocytes (white blood cytotoxic T cells: actively destroy infected cells by cells), antimicrobial peptides, natural killer binding to the targeted cell’s surface lymphocytes, interferon earwax: bars pathogens from entry at the ears 3. the adaptive response helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, B cells, helper T cells: a type of T cell that binds to the antigen memory B cells under attack by the immune system immune response: series of events triggered when Types of White Blood Cells antigens are detected by the immune system Bone Marrow Stem Cells immunity: resistance to a pathogen following an antibody-mediated response inflammation response: release of histamines around Lymphocytic Cells injured body tissue to raise the temperature and increase blood flow into the area, bringing more white blood cells Myelocytic Cells to the tissue for repair innate immune system: nonspecific defenses including Neutrophils Natural T Cells physical barriers as well as specific cells that attack Eosinophils killer cells Cytotoxic T Cells invaders that penetrate these barriers Basophils B Cells Helper T Cells interferon: released by infected cells; causes nearby cells Monocytes/Macrophages Plasma cells Suppressor T Cells to increase their defenses leukocytes: white blood cells Antibodies lymphocytes: two distinct kinds of white blood cells (T and B cells) memory cells: a type of B cell that stores information for producing the antibody; activated when the same antigen appears in the body mucus: traps pathogens before they can replicate and infect