Module in Ict-1 (Week 1-6)

Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

CALABANGA CAMPUS
Ratay, Sta. Cruz, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address: [email protected]
Tel. No. (054) 881-3258
College of Industrial Technology
Module in Fundamentals of Information and Communication Technology ( ICT-1)
A. Course Overview
Fundamentals of Information and Communication Technology
This course deals with the study of basic concepts of computer literacy, computer’s
history, description, components, functions, capabilities and limitations, safety measures
involved in using computer.
B. COURSE CALENDAR
Week Begin Date Topics Assessment
INTRODUCTION
 CBSUA PVMGO
 Quality Policy
 CORE values
 College Goals
 Course Syllabus
 Course Requirement
 Grading System Pre-assessment
 University/College online quiz
Policies Discussion
AUGUST 17-28, 2020  Classroom Policies & board
1-2 Guidelines Post-
assessment
Course Proper online quiz
1. Information and
Communication Technology
 Definition of Information,
Communication and
Computer Technology
 ICT Concepts
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2. History and Generations of

Computer
 History of computer
 What is computer
 Computer data
processing
Pre-assessment
 Elements of a computer online quiz
system Discussion
AUGUST 31-
3-4 board
SEPTEMBER 11, 2020
 Hardware Post-
assessment
 Software online quiz
 People ware
 Classification of
computers
 Capabilities and
limitation of computers
3. The Computer System
 Monitor Pre-assessment
online quiz
SEPTEMBER 14-18,  System Unit Discussion
5 board
2020
 Keyboard Post-
assessment
 Computer peripherals online quiz
 Hardware and software
Assessment 1 –
SEPTEMBER 21-25,
6 Assessment 1 – Test. Topic Test. Topic
2020
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4. Computer Safety and

Security
Pre-assessment
online quiz
 Computer Viruses Discussion
SEPTEMBER 28-  Types of Viruses board
7-8 OCTOBER 9, 2020  How Viruses Are Spread Post-
 Prevention of Computer assessment
Viruses online quiz
 Virus Detection
 Computer Security
5. The Operating System
 Fundamental of OS
concepts Pre-assessment
online quiz
Practice exercise
 Windows OS Concepts Laboratory
exercise
report
OCTOBER 12-23,  Learning Windows Discussion
9-10
2020 board
Post-
 Brief tutorial. assessment
online quiz
 Windows OS ease of
access and system
tools.
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6. The Internet
 The world wide web
 History of the internet Pre-assessment

online quiz
 Connecting to the Discussion
OCTOBER 26-30,
internet board
11 2020
Post-
 Internet services assessment
online quiz
 The internet browsers
 Searching Information
on the internet
Assessment
shall be based
on detail of
content,
relationship of
concepts and
discussion
12 NOVEMBER 2-6, 2020 Assessment 2 – Test. Topic Illustrate
Prepare an
essay about
topics have been
discussed.
13-14 NOVEMBER 9- Pre-assessment

20,2020 online quiz
7. Word Processing Practice exercise
Laboratory
 Word processing exercise
Software report
Discussion
 MS word parts and board
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functions
Post-
 MS Word: Brief Tutorial assessment
online quiz
Pre-assessment
online quiz
8. Word Processing
Practice exercise
Laboratory
 Perform Activity
exercise
NOVEMBER 23-
15-16  Basic formatting report
DECEMBER 4, 2020
Discussion
 Editing, renaming and board
Post-
saving
assessment
online quiz
Pre-assessment
online quiz
9. Word Processing Practice exercise
Laboratory
 Perform printing exercise
17 DECEMBER 7-11, report
2020  Basic adjustments Discussion
during printing board
Post-
assessment
online quiz
18 DECEMBER 14-18, Assessment 3 – Project. Compilation of
2020 Formatting activities laboratory
Research topic Activities as
Project
Research
information on
assign topics
posted in the
learning
materials or in
eLearning
materials.
Make a narrative
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report on the
assign topics.
Examination
Test – Coverage
are the topics
from weeks 2 –
18.
C. Teaching Instructor
Hermenegildo Jason A. Asor

Instructor
Hermenegildo Jason A. Asor is a graduate of Bachelor of

Science in Information Technology at Brentwood College of Asia
International School, and took up the Teacher Certificate Program
in Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology
(BISCAST). I have been given the chance to be hired as a
contractual instructor in the College of Arts and Sciences to teach
Computer subjects, Physical Education, Peer Relations and
Socialization Skills as well as subjects in College of Education
such as Technology and Teaching for Learning, and Media in
Information Literacy for Senior High School and also has a
subjects in the College of Industrial Technology to teach Computer subjects. In addition,
I earned National Certificate II in Computer System Servicing last November 2017 and I
am also a National Certificate holder of TM1 (Trainers Methodology level 1). To further
develop my career and quality of instruction in the field of Information Technology, I am
currently pursuing Masters in Information Technology with specialization on Information
System at the Ateneo De Naga University.
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D. Course Assessments
COURSE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE
Course Learning Due Graduate

Assessment Type Percentage
Outcomes Date Attributes
Examinatio
Week 1 – 6 30%
n
Examinatio
Week 7 – 12 30%
n
Examinatio
Week 13 – 18 40%
n
For Type: Assessment 1 & 2 can be in the form of essay, report, project
and the like while Assessment 3 is a ‘Test
E. Topics
Week 1-2: Information and Communication Technology.
I. Introduction
To begin the course, the University vision, mission, goals and

objectives (VMGO) shall first be discussed via a recorded video lecture
along with the University Quality Policy to refresh the students of the core
values of CBSUA and motivate them towards active participation
throughout the duration of the course, which should bring a sense of pride
in them. This shall proceed with the course outline, grading system and
classroom policies. The firs unit topic on Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) introduction and its concepts will be discussed.
Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional
term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified
communications[1] and the integration of telecommunications (telephone
lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary
enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual systems, that
enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.
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The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of

audiovisual and telephone networks with computer networks through a
single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives to
merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a
single unified system of cabling, signal distribution, and management. ICT
is an umbrella term that includes any communication device,
encompassing radio, television, cell phones, computer and network
hardware, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and
appliances with them such as video conferencing and distance learning.
ICT is a broad subject and the concepts are evolving. It covers any
product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit, or receive
information electronically in a digital form (e.g., personal computers, digital
television, email, or robots). Theoretical differences between
interpersonal-communication technologies and mass-communication
technologies have been identified by the philosopher Piyush Mathur. Skills
Framework for the Information Age is one of many models for describing
and managing competencies for ICT professionals for the 21st century.
II - Pre-competency Checklist (Formative Assessment/Diagnostic)
1. As a student, what are your perceptions on the core values of CBSUA?

2. For you what is ICT?
3. What is the concept of ICT?
III - Learning Resources
1. CBSUA website
2. Student Handbook
3. Course Syllabus
4. Power Point Presentation
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology
IV – Explore (Tasks / Activity)
What is ICT?
Information - Clusters of facts meaningful and useful to human beings in the

processes such as making decisions.
Information Technology - Encompasses all of the technology that we
use to collect, process, protect and store information. It
refers to hardware, software (computer programs), and computer
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networks.
Communication - The act of using words, signs, or sounds or behaviours to
express or exchange information or to express ideas, thoughts or
feelings to someone else.
Technology - a machine, piece of equipment method, etc…that is

created by technology to invent useful things or to solve the
problems.
Information and Communication Technology - This concept involves
transfer and use of all kinds of information. ICT is the
foundation of economy and a driving force of social
changes in the 21st century. Distance is no longer an issue
when it comes to accessing information; for example,
working-from-home, distance learning, e-banking, and e-
government are now possible from any place with an
internet connection and a computing device.
V – Post - Competency Checklist (Formative Assessment)

Multiple choice: Choose the correct answer that correspond to the phrase/s.
_______1. It is the act of using words, signs, or sounds or behaviors to express or

exchange information or to express ideas.
a. Information b. Information technology c. communication d.
technology
_______2. It is clusters of facts meaningful and useful to human beings in the

processes such as making decisions.
technology
_______3. It is a machine, piece of equipment method, etc…that is created by

technology to invent useful things or to solve the problems.
technology
_______4. Encompasses all of the technology that we use to collect, process, protect
and store information.
technology
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_______5. This concept involves transfer and use of all kinds of information and the
foundation of economy and a driving force of social changes in the 21st century.
a.Information b. Information technology c. communication technology d. ICT
Essay: Please elaborate, discussed and explain the benefits of ICT in education sector
especially to you as a student? (10 points)
Week 3-4: History and Generation of Computer.
I. Introduction
Computer as a revolution left no area of life untouched in the present world.

It is of tremendous help in all field of life. Hence, the knowledge of computer is a
necessity for existence of everybody in this global village. The invention of
computer has transformed our simple manual works to sophisticated life of
automated works to meet the global demand for the higher productivity and
increased efficiency with high precision. Computer is increasingly becoming
compulsory in nearly all fields of studies, not because of anything but its
accuracy and versatility in processing data. Many tasks at home or office are
being automated rapidly with computer. Thus it is becoming apparent that in
whatever discipline or working sector, the computer is now a very vital tool for
efficiency improvement and precision of job or task execution. This is designed to
meet the prerequisite need of everybody that are interested and wish to know
about computers science and computing in general.
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of

instructions stored in its own memory. These instructions tell the machine what to
do. The computer is capable of accepting data (input), processing data
arithmetically and logically, producing output from the processing, and storing the
results for future use. Most computers that sit on a desktop are called Personal
Computers (PCs).
The "computer" is an ensemble of different machines that you will be using to

get your job done. A computer is primarily made of the Central Processing Unit
(usually referred to as the computer), the monitor, the keyboard, and the mouse.
Other pieces of hardware are commonly referred to as peripherals. In everyday
life activities, we process data or encounter cases of data processing. A typical
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example of data processing is the generation of statement of student result from

the marks score in an examination and continuous assessment. It is essential to
know that information is as good as the data, from which it is derived, and the
transformation process which they are subjected to. Meaningless data or
inappropriate processing produces wrong information. Thus computer gives you
results corresponding to what data you supply and how you process it.
Summarily, the intelligent performance of a computer depends on

correctness of input data and the intelligence performance of the human being
that drives it.
Since the creation of man, a significant amount of human activities has been
ascribed to organizing and processing information so that it could be more easily
presented for easy comprehension. Many devices have been used in the past
before the advert of computer. It is then necessary to vividly look into their
evolution. Early computing machines:
1. As a student, what is your understanding about computers?

2. Do you have any idea in the historical development of computers?
3. What is your present status or situation with regards to computer access?
1. CBSUA website
2. Student Handbook
3. Course Syllabus
5. Fundamentals of Computer Studies by: Jeleel Adekunle ADEBISI, 2017.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258339295
6. Parsons, June Jamrich, and Dan Oja. Computer Concepts. Boston: Course
Technology - Thompson Learning, 2002.
1. Abacus (-2500BC): This is a handheld device

made of beads stung on rods in a frame. The rods
correspond to positions of the digits while the
beads correspond to the digits.
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2. Napiers Bone (2500BC): This was invented by John

Napier (1550 - 1617). This consists of small rods with
appropriate markings on them. It is a mechanical aid to
computation that consists of nine such rods (called
bones) with one for each digit 1 through 9. He also
invented logarithms which made possible to do division
and multiplication by performing addition and
subtraction.
3. Slide Rule (1600AD) by William Oughtred

(1575 - 660): He invented it in 1622 but announced it
in 1632 this consist of rules on which markings
represent logarithms of numbers and also
permits calculation involving exponents,
trigonometric functions, etc.
4. Pascal mechanical calculator (1600) or

Numerical wheel calculator:-Blaise Pascal (1623
-1664) in 1642 invented the first adding machine
called Pascaline. The brass rectangular box used
eight moveable dials
to add and sum up of eight figures long using base 10.
It can perform all the four arithmetic operation with
previous unheard speed.
5. Leibnitz mechanical multiplier (1600): In 1694

Gottfried Wilhem Von Leibnitz (1646 -1716) improved
upon the pascaline by creating a machine that can
also multiply using a system of dials and gear.
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6. Colmar’s Calculator (1820) by Charles Xavier

Thomas de Colmar: This presented a more practical
approach to computing.
7. Punched-Card machine (Jacquard’s loom) (1801):

Joseph Marie Jacquard.
8. Mechanical computer: Charles Gabbage (1792-1871) Father of

the computer. Difference engine powered by steam and large as
locomotive the machine has a stored program and could perform
calculations and print the result automatically. We also have
Analytical engine credited to him.
9. Hermann Hollerith (1860-1929)
 Hollerith’s system punch-card reader machine:-

for counting census result in 1890 in US.
 formed tabulating machine company in
1896(TMC)
 Automatic Tabulating Machine (ATM)-1900
 TMC was renamed to International Business
Machines Corporation (IBM) in 1924 after
series of mergers.
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In summary, the history of computing began with an analog machine. In 1623

German scientist Wilhelm Schikard invented a machine that could add, and with the aid
of logarithm tables, multiply and divide. Since then the development has pass through a
lot of stages such as the invention of punched cards to program patterns to create
woven fabrics by Joseph-Marie Jacquard a French inventor in 19th century. Another
early mechanical computer was the Difference Engine, designed in the early 1820s by
British mathematician and scientist Charles Babbage. In the 1930s American
mathematician Howard Aiken developed the Mark I calculating machine, which was built
by IBM. This electronic calculating machine used relays and electromagnetic
components to replace mechanical components.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different

generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a
major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers
operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful, efficient and reliable
devices.
First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes
The first computers used vacuum tubes for

circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and
were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.
They were very expensive to operate and in
addition to using a great deal of electricity,
generated a lot of heat, which was often the
cause of malfunctions. First generation
computers relied on machine language to
perform operations, and they could only solve
one problem at a time. Input was based on
punched cards and paper tape, and output was
displayed on printouts. The UNIVAC and ENIAC
computers are examples of first-generation
computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first
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commercial computer delivered to a business client. It was used in the 1951U.S. Bureau
Census.
Second Generation - 1956-1963: Transistors
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes

and ushered in the second generation
of computers. The transistor was
invented in 1947 but did not see
widespread use in computers until the
late 50s. The transistor was a vast
improvement over the vacuum tube,
allowing computers to become smaller,
faster, cheaper, more energy efficient
and more reliable than their first-
generation predecessors. Second-
generation computers still relied on
punched cards for input and printouts
for output. Second-generation
computers moved from cryptic binary
machine language to symbolic, or
assembly, languages, which allowed
programmers to specify instructions in words. High-level programming languages were
also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.
These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which
moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology. The first computers of this
generation were developed for the atomic energy industry.
Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated Circuits
The development of the

integrated circuit was the hallmark of
the third generation of computers.
Transistors were miniaturized and
placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically
increased the speed and efficiency of
computers. Instead of punched cards
and printouts, users interacted with
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third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an
operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one
time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time
became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than
their predecessors.
Fourth Generation - 1971-Present: Microprocessors
The microprocessor brought

the fourth generation of computers,
as thousands of integrated circuits
were built onto a single silicon
chip. What in the first generation
filled an entire room could now fit
in the palm of the hand. In 1981
IBM introduced its first computer
for the home user, and in 1984
Apple introduced the Macintosh.
Microprocessors also moved out of
the realm of desktop computers
and into many areas of life as more
and more everyday products
began to use microprocessors. As
these small computers became
more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to
the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the
development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
Fifth Generation - Present and

Beyond: Artificial Intelligence
Fifth generation computing

devices, based on artificial
intelligence, are still in development,
though there are some applications,
such as voice recognition, that are
being used today. The use of
parallel processing and
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superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. Quantum computation

and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years
to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to
natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.
WHAT IS COMPUTER?
Basic Terminology
Computer - A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and
produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions.
Hardware -Includes the electronic and mechanical devices that process the data;
refers to the computer as well as peripheral devices.
Software - A computer program that tells the computer how to perform particular
tasks.
Network - Two or more computers and other devices that are connected, for the
purpose of sharing data and programs.
Peripheral devices - Used to expand the computer’s input, output and storage
capabilities.
Input - Whatever is put into a computer system.
Data - Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, or ideas.
Information - The results of the computer storing data as bits and bytes; the
words, numbers, sounds, and graphics.
Output - Consists of the processing results produced by a computer.
Processing - Manipulation of the data in many ways.
Memory - Area of the computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be

processed, stored, or output.
Storage - Area of the computer that holds data on a permanent basis when it is
not immediately needed for processing.
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMPUTER
Analog computers are used to

process continuous data. Analog
computers represent variables by
physical quantities. Analog
computers are very much speedy.
They produce their results very
fast. But their results are
approximately correct. All the
analog computers are special
purpose computers.
Digital computer represents physical quantities

with the help of digits or numbers. These numbers
are used to perform Arithmetic calculations and
also make logical decision to reach a conclusion,
depending on, the data they receive from the user.
Hybrid Computers Various specifically designed

computers are with both digital and analog
characteristics combining the advantages of
analog and digital computers when working as a
system. Hybrid computers are being used
extensively in process control system where it is
necessary to have a close representation with
the physical world. The hybrid system provides
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the good precision that can be attained with analog computers and the greater control
that is possible with digital computers.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Microcomputer is a personal computer; designed to

meet the computer needs of an individual. It provides
access to a wide variety of computing applications,
such as word processing, photo editing, e-mail, and
internet.
Desktop Computers is a microcomputer that

fits on a desk and runs on power from an
electrical wall outlet. The CPU can be housed
in either a vertical or a horizontal case. Have
separate components (keyboard, mouse, etc.)
that are each plugged into the computer.
Laptop Computers is a portable, compact computer

that can run on an electrical wall outlet or a battery
unit. All components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) are in
one compact unit. It is usually more expensive
than a comparable desktop.
Workstation is a Powerful desktop computer

designed for specialized tasks. It can tackle
tasks that require a lot of processing speed. It
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can also be an ordinary personal computer attached to a LAN (local area

network).
Supercomputer is a type of computer that

was considered as the fastest in the world at
the time it was constructed which can tackle
tasks that would not be practical for other
computers. Typical uses are breaking codes
and modeling weather systems.
Mainframe is a large expensive computer

capable of simultaneously processing data for
hundreds or thousands of users. Used to
store, manage, and process large amounts of
data that need to be reliable, secure, and
centralized. It is usually housed in a closet
sized cabinet.
Server - Purpose is to “serve.” It is a computer that has

the purpose of supplying its users with data; usually
through the use of a LAN (local area network).
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Handheld Devices are also called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). A computer that
fits into a pocket, runs on batteries, and is used while holding the unit in your hand.
Typically used as an appointment book, address book, calculator, and notepad. It can
be synchronized with a personal microcomputer as a backup.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
System Unit - Case that holds the power supply,

storage devices, and the circuit boards (including
the motherboard).
Central Processing Unit (CPU) - Where the

processing in a computer takes place, often called
the brain of the computer.
Input Devices - Units that gather information and

transform that information it into a series of electronic
signals for the computer.
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Keyboard - An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special function keys that act as
the primary input device to the computer.
Mouse – Is an input device that allows the

user to manipulate objects on the screen by
moving the device along the surface of a
desk.
Soundcard - A circuit board that gives the computer the

ability to accept audio input, play sound files, and
produce audio output through speakers or
headphones.

Modem - A device that sends and receives data to and from
computers over telephone lines.
Output Devices – are devices that

display, print, or transmit the results of processing from the
computer’s memory.
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Monitor - Display device that forms an image by converting electrical signals from the
computer into points of colored light on the screen.
Resolution -The density of the grid used to display or print text and graphics; the
greater the horizontal and vertical density, the higher the resolution.
Storage Devices - Used to keep data when the power to

the computer is turned off different forms like Hard disk, USB
Flash drive and CD-Writer.
Printers - Output device that produces text or graphical images on

paper.
Speakers - Output devices that receive signals from the

computer’s sound card to play music, narration, or sound effects.
COMPUTER CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
CAPABILITIES
1. They can do repetitive and routine work.

2. They have the speed to process voluminous data in a flash, resulting in
greater productivity and less manpower needs.
3. Computers are reliable and accurate.
4. They can store and recall tremendous amount of information.
5. Computers have self-checking capability.
6. Computers can be self-operating.
7. They can do remote processing.
LIMITATIONS
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1. They are always dependent on instructions and data given through the
program made by the programmer.
2. They can never generate information on their own.
3. Can never correct wrong instructions.
4. Cannot decide if they were not programmed for certain specific task.
5. Vulnerable to virus attacks.
Multiple choice: Choose the correct answer that correspond to the phrase/s.
1. It is a cluster of facts meaningful and useful to human beings in the processes such
as making decisions.
a. Information b. Communication c. Technology d. Computer
2. It is the act of using words, signs, or sounds or behaviors to express or exchange

information or to express ideas, thoughts or feelings to someone else.
3. It is a machine, piece of equipment OR method that is created by technology to

invent useful things or to solve the problems.
4. He is known as the father of computer.
a. Charles Babbage b. Grace Hopper c. John Napier d. Blaise Pascal
5. The first computer consists of upper and lower deck use to count and calculate.
a. Slide Rule b. Pascal Mechanical Calculator c. Colmars Calculator d. Abacus
6. The first computer debugger and recipient of the computer science’s first man of the
year award.
a. Charles Babbage b. Grace Hopper c. John Napier d. Blaise Pascal
7. Vacuum tube was used in what generation of computer.
a. First Generation b. Second Generation c. Third Generation d. Fourth Generation
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8. It is the brain of the computer.
a. Motherboard b. Power supply c. Central Processing Unit (CPU) d. Memory
9. It is a non-volatile device that serves as permanent storage of data.
a. Motherboard b. Hardisk c. Central Processing Unit (CPU) d. Memory
10. It is a volatile, module type and serves as temporary storage of the computer.
a. Motherboard b. Hardisk c. Central Processing Unit (CPU) d. Memory
True or False: Read carefully the phrase/s and write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
1. Terminals are interfaces between peripheral devices and the computer.
2. Computer is a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces
output, all according to a series of stored instructions.
3. Port is a path through which data can be sent to the different parts of the computer
system.
4. All devices in the computer system are connected to motherboard.
5. Hardware is electronic and mechanical equipment in a computer system.
6. Software is used to describe computer programs that perform a task or tasks on a

computer system.
7. Input devices are external devices or a component connected to the computers and
provides or fetches information and instructions to the computer.
8. Laptop is a microcomputer that fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical
wall outlet.
9. Desktop is a portable, compact computer that can run on an electrical wall outlet or a
battery unit.
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10. Server is a type of computer that has the purpose of supplying its users with data;
usually through the use of a LAN (local area network).
Week 5: THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
I. Introduction
A typical computer system irrespective of its size, class or type consists of

hardware and software, integrated and harmonized together to perform computational
work or data processing. Hardware system: Computer hardware consists of the
components that can be physically handled. It refers to the physical units or machine of
functional units, which makes up the computer configuration which is done to suit the
goals and objectives of the user. The function of these components is typically divided
into three main categories: input, output, and storage. Components in these categories
connect to microprocessors, specifically, the computers central processing unit (CPU),
the electronic circuitry that provides the computational ability and control of the
computer, via wires or circuitry called a bus. Hardware may be classified into Central
Processing Units (CPU) and the peripherals. The CPU entails Control Unit (CU),
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) and the Internal Memory Unit (IMU) or main memory.
The peripherals consist of the input, output and Auxiliary Storage Units.
1. As a student, what is your understanding about computer system?

2. What are the different components of computer system?
3. How computer system works?
1. CBSUA website
2. Student Handbook
3. Course Syllabus
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5. Fundamentals of Computer Studies by: Jeleel Adekunle ADEBISI, 2017.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258339295
Software
The term software is used to describe computer programs that perform a task or tasks
on a computer system. Software can be grouped as follows:
System software - Operating System
Utility programs - Antivirus
Application Software - Microsoft office
Hardware
All of the electronic and

mechanical equipment in
a computer is called the
hardware. Examples
include:
• Motherboard
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• Hard disk
• RAM
• Power supply
• Processor
• Case
• Monitor
• Keyboard
• Mouse
Computer system – Is a collection of electronic and mechanical devices operating as a
unit. The main parts are:
1. System unit
2. Monitor
3. Keyboard
4. Mouse
5. Speakers
System unit is the main container for system devices. It protects the delicate electronic
and mechanical devices from damage. Typical system unit devices include:
 Motherboard
 CPU (Processor)
 Memory
 Disk drives
 Ports - USB etc.
 Power supply
 Expansion cards - sound card,
 Network card, graphics card etc.
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Peripherals are devices that connect to the system unit using cables or wireless
technologies. Typical peripherals include:
 Monitor
 Keyboard
 Printer
 Plotter
 Scanner
 Speakers
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
An integrated circuit (IC) supplied on a single silicon chip. Its function is to control all the
computers functions. The main processor manufacturers are:
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Intel - Intel core i7 Amd – Amd Ryzen 7
Computer program – Is a series of instructions. When a program is run, the processor

carries out these instructions in an orderly fashion. Typical instructions include:
Arithmetic - addition, subtraction etc.
Logical - comparing data and acting according to the result
Move - move data from place to place within the computer system - memory to
the processor for addition - memory to a printer or disk drive etc.
Processor speed - measured in megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz) - the speed of

the system clock (clock speed) within the processor and it controls how fast instructions
are executed:
1 MHz - 1 million clock ticks every second
1 GHz - 1 billion clock ticks every second
Latest trend - multi-core processors can have two, three or four or more processor
cores on a single chip.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Primary storage –it is the main computer memory.
Data, programs currently in use are held in RAM
Volatile - contents of memory are lost if the
computer is turned off
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Module - memory IC’s on a circuit board
Memory is sold in modules:
DIMM’s (dual inline memory module) for desktop computers
SODIMM’s (small outline dual inline memory module)
for notebook computers.
DIMM’s and SODIMM’s are available in modules of 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16 GB.
The current technology is called DDR (double data ram) and there are three
types: DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5.
Any particular computer system is only compatible with one type.
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Motherboard
Mainboard or system board – Is the main circuit board for the computer system. All
devices in the computer system will either be part of the motherboard or connected to it.
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Processor socket - different processors require different sockets and a motherboard

must be chosen to suit the processor intended for use.
Chipset - controls data flow around the computer. It consists of two chips:
Northbridge - data flow between memory and processor - data flow between the
processor and the graphics card
Southbridge - controls data flow to the devices - USB, IDE, SATA, LAN and
Audio - controls PCI slots and on board graphics
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Buses - a path through which data can be sent to the different parts of the computer
system. Main buses:
Power Supply has a number of

functions:
Converts Alternating current (AC) Direct current (DC)
Transforms mains voltage (240 Volts) to the voltages

required by the computer. The main voltages are:
12 volts for the disk drives as they have motors
3.3 And 5 volts for the circuit boards in the

computer
Uses advances power management (APM) to allow the computer go into a standby
mode. Some have a switch to toggle between 240 volt supplies and 110 volt supplies.
The main connections are:
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Computer ports are interfaces between peripheral devices and the computer. They
are mainly found at the back of the computer but are often also built into the front of the
computer chassis for easy access.
Serial port – is a 9-pin port often called as Com ports - Com1, Com2. Mice and
external modems were connected to these ports. They are turquoise in colour
Parallel port - a 25-pin port used to

connect printers, scanners, external hard disks, zip drives etc. to the computer.
Burgundy in colour, they are often called LPT ports - LPT1, LPT2 etc.
Video port - used to connect a monitor to the computer

system. There are two types:
VGA port - This is a 15-pin port and is blue in colour. It is an analogue port and
is being replaced by the DVI port.
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DVI port - white in

colour, it is a
digital port. This means
that no conversion is necessary
between the computer and the monitor and that means that images can be
produced more quickly on the monitor
PS/2 port – is used to connect

keyboards and mice to the computer.
The keyboard port is
purple and the mouse port
is green.
Modem port - used to connect a modem to a telephone line. RJ11 is the technical term
for the port.
USB port - intended to replace Serial, Parallel and PS/2 ports with a single standard.
127 devices can be connected to a single USB port. Hot swappable - devices can be
connected and disconnected while the computer is on.
There are different USB standards in use:
USB 1 - original standard - transfer data of 1.5MBps.
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USB 2 - current standard - transfer rate of 60MBps.
USB 3 - future standard (2009) - transfer rate of 600MBps.
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FireWire port - (IEEE 1394) is an Apple technology, there are two versions available
and a third is planned:
FW 400 - transfer rate of 50MBps.
FW 800 - transfer rate of 100MBps.
FW S3200 - transfer rate of 400MBps.
USB devices must be connected to a host computer while FireWire devices can be
connected to each other without using a computer.
Ethernet port – is used to connect to a network. Known as RJ45, it is larger than a

modem port.
Audio ports - used to input and output audio from the computer. Three mini jack ports
but there may be more:
Light blue - Line in - connect external devices
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Lime - Connect the speakers to this port.
Pink - Connect a microphone to this port.
Graphic card - screen images are made up of dots called pixels (picture elements).
The graphics card must process each of these pixels to create the image.
The resolution of a screen is the number of pixels being displayed. Typical resolutions
include:
800 x 600 - 480,000 pixels
1024 x 768 - 786,432 pixels
1280 x 1024: - 1,310,720 pixels
1600 x 1200: - 1,920,000 pixels
There are two types of graphic card available:
AGP (accelerated graphics port) – is the older technology but still available. It can
output in analogue or digital or both.
PCI-Express – is the newer technology - faster than AGP. It allows for two graphics
cards to improve the performance, called Scalable Link Interface (SLI). PCI-Express
can also output in analogue or digital or both.
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These cards are mutually exclusive and the choice is made according to the graphics
slot on the motherboard.
Soundcard
The main functions of a sound card are:
1. To use a DAC (digital to analogue converter), to prepare audio for speakers

etc.
2. To use an ADC (analogue to digital converter), to convert the audio coming

into the computer.
A sound card can be connected to the following:
 Analogue input devices - Microphone, Radio, Tape deck, Record player etc
 Headphones and speakers
 Output to tape etc.
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Network card
Allows computers join a network. Can be wired or wireless. The standard used is called
Ethernet - covers wired and wireless networks.
The wired standards include:
Fast Ethernet - transmission speed of 100Mbps.
Gigabyte Ethernet - transmission speed of 1000Mbps.
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The wireless standards include:
The B standard - introduced in 1999, it has a transmission rate of 11Mbps and a

range of 30 Metres.
The G standard - introduced in 2003, it has a transmission rate of 54Mbps and a

range of 30 Metres.
The N standard - introduced in 2006, it has a transmission speed of 540Mbps

and a range of 50 metres.
Modem - Internet access using a telephone line.
Converts the digital computer data to analogue (Modulation) before transmission over
the telephone line and converts the analogue data to digital (DEModulation) before
transmission to the computer. The device gets its name from these two terms.
The standard transmission speed of a modem is 56Kbps.
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Disk Drive (Hardisk)
Primary storage (memory) - volatile - contents lost when power is turned off.
Secondary storage (disk drives) - non-volatile - can store files when power is turned
off.
In memory, voltages are used to store data as binary 1’s and binary 0’s. It was decided
to mimic the situation for secondary storage using magnetism instead of electrical
voltages to represent the binary data.
A metal disk (platter) is coated with tiny iron particles which can be magnetised to
north and south to represent the binary digits 0 and 1.
A read-write head is used to magnetise the particles on the disk surface to represent
the data held in RAM. The computer can now be switched off and a copy of the data is
safe for later use.
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Hard disks can be internal or external. The internal standards are:
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics), the disks connect to the motherboard using a ribbon
cable. Each cable can hold two drives - master and slave. The drive is set as master
or slave by positioning a jumper switch on the back of the drive. There are two IDE
connectors and a total of four drives can be connected.
SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) allow faster data transfer speeds than
IDE. There is no master/slave arrangement with SATA and each drive has its own
cable. The cables are much smaller and allow better air circulation in the system unit.
Motherboard connectors
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External hard disk drives can be IDE or SATA and can be mains powered or host
powered. Host powered drives receive their power from the USB port.
Hard disk drives are also now found in video recorders, digital music players, digital
camcorders, digital cameras and mobile phones.
Card readers
Replaces floppy drives in new computers. They can read media cards from most digital
cameras:
 Microdrive:
 Smartmedia:
 SD memory card:
 Memory stick/Duo/Pro:
 xD picture card:
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A computer monitor displays images generated by the graphics card.
Monitors are almost exclusively LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). CRT (Cathode Ray
Tube) monitors are rare and are now as expensive as LCD monitors.
The aspect ratio of a computer monitor is the ratio between the width and height of the
screen. The aspect ratios are:
Standard monitor - 4:3

Widescreen monitor -16:9
Most LCD monitors offer a VGA and a DVI connection. The VGA connector is used for
analogue signals and the DVI connector is used for digital. As the computer is a digital
machine, it is best if no conversion is required and so the best option is the DVI
connection.
Standard monitor
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XGA (Extended Graphics Array) - 1024 x 768

SXGA (Super Extended Graphics Array) - 1280 x 1024
UXGA (Ultra Extended Graphics Array) - 1600 x 1200
QXGA (Quad Extended Graphics Array) - 2048 x 1536
Widescreen
WXGA (Wide XGA) - 1280 x 800
WSXGA (Wide SXGA) - 1680 x 1050
WUXGA (Wide UXGA) - 1920 x 1200
LCD monitors - native resolution at which the image is crisp. Other resolutions are
possible but the image quality decreases.
Keyboard
Primary input device - divided into sections:

Typing keys - contains the letter and number keys, shift keys, spacebar, return
key etc.
Numeric keypad - These keys are arranged as on a calculator.
Function keys - programmable keys used by software for special functions. E.g.
- F1 - Help.
Control keys - screen and cursor control.
Most common arrangement is called QWERTY after the first six keys.
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Other arrangements are available including Dvorak, ABCDEF, and AZERTY

etc.
Keyboards are available wired or wireless:

Wired - These are either PS/2 or USB.
Wireless - The keyboard uses batteries.
Rubber keyboard – is useful for notebook computers.
Leaves users less prone to RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury)
Mouse is an input device that uses point and click technology
There are two main types:
Ball mouse - uses a ball to roll across the surface and move rollers attached to
sensors inside the mouse - reflecting the ball movement as cursor movement.
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Optical mouse - camera takes thousands of images per second and sends them
for digital processing and the red LED lights up the surface for the camera.
Output devices - produce a hardcopy (permanent and readable) of computer data.

The can print onto paper, transparency, photographic paper, card etc.
There are two main technologies involved:
 Inkjet (Bubble-jet)
 Laser
Inkjet - uses an electric charge to vibrate a membrane. When the membrane

flexes downwards, it ejects an ink droplet through the nozzle (1). When it flexes
upwards, it draws more ink into the reservoir (2).
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Bubble jet - a heating element locally heats ink to form a bubble (1). As the
bubble expands, it forces ink through the nozzle (2). When it bursts, it causes a
vacuum which draws ink into the reservoir (3).
Laser printers
Laser printers use toner (powdered ink) instead of liquid ink as in inkjet printers.
Laser printers produce images using dots. The image is created using a laser
beam and a mirror -lens arrangement on a drum coated with magnetically
charged toner and then transferred from the drum to the paper. The paper is then
fed through a heated fuser who fuses the toner to the paper as ink.
Printers are available as A4, A3 and

even A2, but if larger drawings and
images are required, a plotter is more suitable. Plotters use inkjet technology and are
available in A3, A2, A1 and
A0. They take up much
less space than an
equivalent inkjet or laser,
bur are more expensive.
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SAMPLE SPECIFICATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
 Intel Core Duo Processor - 2.66MHz 64-Bit CPU, 128 KB L1

 cache, 4MB L2 Cache, 1333MHz FSB
 Windows Vista Business
 4GB DDR2 Memory - 667MHz
 500GB SATA HDD 10,000rpm
 256MB DDR2 NVIDIA PCI-Express Graphics
 19" Widescreen LCD - 0.22mm Dot Pitch, Res -1490 x 900
 7:1 Surround Sound Inc. Woofer
 PCI-E Mainboard - nForce SLI, Micro ATX
 6 x USB2 Ports - 2 Front
 2 x 1394 Ports - 1 Front
 Broadcom GB LAN Network Connection
 Multi Card Reader
 18X SATA Dual Format Dual Layer DVDRW Drive
 550W Power Supply
 Logitech Wireless Internet Keyboard and Wireless Optical Mouse
Matching Type: Match column A with column B.
Column A
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Column B
1. Considered as the Brain of the computer. A. Motherboard

2. Electronic and mechanical equipment in .
Computer. B. CPU
3. All devices in the computer system are .
connected to. C. Busses
4. Path through which data can be sent to the
different parts of the computer system. D. Ports
5. interfaces between peripheral devices and the
computer. E. Computer
6. a device that accepts input, processes data,
stores data, and produces output. F. Hardware
7. used to describe computer programs that
perform a task or tasks on a computer system. G. Software
8. external devices or components connected to
the computers and provides or fetches information. H. Output Devises
9. data flow between memory and processor –
data flow between the processor and the graphics card. I. Northbridge chipset
10. controls data flow to the devices - USB, IDE, SATA,
LAN and Audio. J. Southbridge chipset
K. Input Devices
Drag and Drop: Identify the name of the parts of the motherboard.
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USB PORT PS2

CPUPORT AUDIO VGA PORT
GRAPHIC 6 7 CMOS
PORT
10
RAM SLOT
SLOT SOCKET BATTERY
1
9
2.
4 5
Week 6 : 1st Assessment (Examination)
53

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Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

College of Industrial Technology

Module in Fundamentals of Information and Communication Technology ( ICT-1)

Fundamentals of Information and Communication Technology

Week Begin Date Topics Assessment

2. History and Generations of

3. The Computer System

 Hardware and software

4. Computer Safety and

5. The Operating System

 The world wide web

 History of the internet Pre-assessment

13-14 NOVEMBER 9- Pre-assessment

Hermenegildo Jason A. Asor

Hermenegildo Jason A. Asor is a graduate of Bachelor of

COURSE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE

Course Learning Due Graduate

Week 1-2: Information and Communication Technology.

To begin the course, the University vision, mission, goals and

The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of

II - Pre-competency Checklist (Formative Assessment/Diagnostic)

1. As a student, what are your perceptions on the core values of CBSUA?

III - Learning Resources

IV – Explore (Tasks / Activity)

Information - Clusters of facts meaningful and useful to human beings in the

Technology - a machine, piece of equipment method, etc…that is

V – Post - Competency Checklist (Formative Assessment)

_______1. It is the act of using words, signs, or sounds or behaviors to express or

_______2. It is clusters of facts meaningful and useful to human beings in the

_______3. It is a machine, piece of equipment method, etc…that is created by

a.Information b. Information technology c. communication technology d. ICT

Week 3-4: History and Generation of Computer.

Computer as a revolution left no area of life untouched in the present world.

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of

The "computer" is an ensemble of different machines that you will be using to

example of data processing is the generation of statement of student result from

Summarily, the intelligent performance of a computer depends on

II - Pre-competency Checklist (Formative Assessment/Diagnostic)

1. As a student, what is your understanding about computers?

III - Learning Resources

IV – Explore (Tasks / Activity)

1. Abacus (-2500BC): This is a hand- held device

2. Napiers Bone (2500BC): This was invented by John

3. Slide Rule (1600AD) by William Oughtred

4. Pascal mechanical calculator (1600) or

5. Leibnitz mechanical multiplier (1600): In 1694

6. Colmar’s Calculator (1820) by Charles Xavier

7. Punched-Card machine (Jacquard’s loom) (1801):

8. Mechanical computer: Charles Gabbage (1792-1871) Father of

9. Hermann Hollerith (1860-1929)

 Hollerith’s system punch-card reader machine:-

In summary, the history of computing began with an analog machine. In 1623

The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different

First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes

The first computers used vacuum tubes for

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes

Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated Circuits

The development of the