Module 1

MODULE 1
ARTS Appreciation
The humanities are the sum of the best that was thought and said and artistically rendered.
- Paul Obler
The humanities include literature, philosophy,religion, the arts, and all of man’s varied efforts to
understand and improve his own experience.
- James Bugental
WHAT IS ART?
 May refer to any skill or mastery
 May also refer to a process or a product of creative skill.
 As a process – it is the arrangement of aesthetic elements in an appealing and interesting
manner.
 As a product - it includes human creation, different activities and forms of expression
such as Painting , sculpture, architecture, music, literature, dance and theater.
 Art is imitation – a representation of reality.
 Art is expression – expresses the feelings and ideas shared by all individuals regardless
of culture. It also expresses the way of life of the creators of the product.
 Because art expresses the sentiments and temper of the artist as well as the times, it also
communicates.
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
 Personal Functions – satisfying individual needs for personal expression.
 Social Functions – social needs for display, celebration and communication
 Physical Function – our physical needs for utilitarian objects and structures.
The Personal Functions of Art

1. For personal expression of the artists ideas and feelings
2. To educate our senses and sharpen our perception of colors, forms, textures, designs, etc.
in our environment.
3. For fresh insights into nature and human nature for greater understanding of ourselves
and the world around us
The Physical Functions of Art
1. The need for beauty in functional objects for everyday use (Form and function: the
function of an object generally determines the basic form that it takes)
2. The need for aesthetic design of a building is determined primarily by its operational
function
3. Planning of communities according to environmental and operational efficiency.
COMPOSITION OF ART
Subject: What is it about?
Content: what is expressed /what is being communicated?
Medium: What is it made of
Form: In what shape is the meaning projected?
Technique: How is it done?
II Elements and Organization of Visual Arts
Visual Arts
 Refers to artworks perceived by seeing which are shown in 2-3 dimensional forms
reflecting the cultural, social and religious temper of the era.
 Designs are influenced by the demands from nature, man and the medium of materials
available
A Painting
 The art of putting together the elements of Art on canvas, wood, plastic, metal paper and
glass.
A.1 OTHER RELATED VISUAL ARTS

> Tapestry is a large fabrics in which a design is woven by hand
>Mosaic – made of small pieces of colored stone or glass called tesserae glued on a surface
>Print is a graphic image resulting from a duplicating process
Print making techniques

 Relief – cutting away from a block of wood. Portions of the design that the artist does
not want to show.
 Intaglio – the design is scratched , engraved or etched into a mental plate.
 Planographic process – service printing is done from an almost soft surface that has
been treated chemically or mechanically so that some will print and others not.
 Stencil printing – done by cutting of special designs out of special paper, cardboard or
metal sheet so that when ink is rubbed, design is reproduced on the surface beneath.
 Serigraphy or silk-screen – fundamentally multi-color stencil process done through a
screen consisting of very fine silk nylon mesh stretched tightly over wooden frame. Parts
of the mesh are part out of the stencil and the areas which are to print are left over.
B. Sculpture
* The art of adding or subtracting to any materials to form a new design, object, project or
concept.
C. Architecture
* The art of designing and constructing buildings and structure to answer functional demands of
man.
III THE ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS

A. Lines
 The most ancient and universal means of creating Visual Arts.
 It is a prolongation of a point that feature the shape and form of any piece of Arts.
Kinds of Line maybe:
 Board
 Thin
 Fine
 Jagged
Lines evoke feelings and ideas
Straight – the ideas of steadiness and force

 Vertical – denotes poise, solemnity, strength and dignity
 Horizontal -quietude, width, contemplation and infinity
 Diagonal – suggests action and movement
 Broken or jagged- connotes violence, war, disturbance
Curve – associated with flexibility, grace, joyous life and energy
 Concave – shapes that curve inward, like an hourglass
 Convex – shapes that curve outward
 Spiral - A curve of gradually increasing radius that allows an easy transition between a
circular arc and a straight on a road or railway.
 Scroll -
B. Value
* Relative degree of lightness and darkness of colors that gives impression of solidity,
distance and depth illusion.
* Tints are values above normal while shades are values below normal
Kinds of Values maybe:
 Light
 Medium
 Dark
C Light and Shadow (Chiaroscuro)

 An Italian word which is used in modeling a figure in depth to articulate the forms in 3-
dimensional arts where shadow occurs naturally.
 It Is used in Sculpture and Architecture.
D. Form and shapes

* The external appearance of a clearly defined area.
* Regular or Static as circle or round, triangle , square etc. (Geometric)
* Natural size and/or shape of things around the environment (Biomorphic)
E. Color
* The most important element of Visual Arts is the easiest to notice.
* Primary Colors:
* Red
* Yellow
* Blue
* Secondary Colors:
* Orange
* Violet
* Green
* Tertiary Colors
* Red violet
* Blue violet
* Red Orange
* Yellow Orange
* Blue Green
* Yellow Green
Color Harmonies
Related
 Monochromatic
*One color tint with shades or values.
* Analogous
* 3-4 neighboring colors – possesses one color in all mixtures
* Contrasting – found to be opposite they contrast each other strongly
* Complimentary – any 2 opposite colors
* Split – any 3 colors with Y guide
* Double – any 3 opposite colors
* Double Split – any 6 colors with 2 Y guide
* Triad – 3 colors forming equilateral triangle in the color chart
* Intensity – dullness and brightness of color-gives color strength
* full intensity
* 2/3 intensity
* 2.3 neutral
* Neutral
Neutral colors: the art of balancing colors-white, black, silver, brown cream and bronze,
gold copper and peach
Properties of colors
 Hue – identify or the names of colors
* Cool – dominance of blue
*Warm – dominance of red and yellow
* Value – lightness or darkness of color
* Tints are values above normal while
* Shades are values below normal\
F Texture
 Deals more directly with the sense of touch
 Best appreciated when felt by hands.
 The surface characteristics of an object – smooth, glossy, shiny or dull, fine or coarse,
plain or irregular, dirty or dusty, rough etc.
G. Volume
* The solidity of an object which enable us to know its thickness, length and height.
H Perspective
 The position of an object in space.
 This refers to the location and distance upon the appearance of an object by which the eye
judges spatial relationships.
 Foreshortening- linear perspective applied to human figure.
 Linear perspective or One point perspective- a representation of distance by means of
converging lines – point of origin maybe at the middle, left or right, top or bottom.
 Two point perspective – there are two points in line each other in horizontal position.
The points come from left to right. They come from any point maybe near or far or vice-
versa.
I space
 Represented in a two- dimensional surface.

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MODULE 1

The Personal Functions of Art

A.1 OTHER RELATED VISUAL ARTS

Print making techniques

III THE ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS

Lines evoke feelings and ideas

Straight – the ideas of steadiness and force

C Light and Shadow (Chiaroscuro)

D. Form and shapes

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