CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

NAME: ______DATE: ____

GRADE/SECTION: ______WEEK: ONE & TWO
TEACHER: MS. EDILENE R. CRUZAT FIRST SEMESTER S.Y.2021-2022

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Define personal development and personality development.
2. Compare and contrast personal development from personality development.
3. Discuss the areas of personal development.
4. Explain personal development of an adolescent.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Personal development and personality development are overlapping and interweaving concepts.
In order to fully distinguish one term from the other, the following must be clearly defined.

a. Personal refers to a particular person, individual or a body. It also relates to an individual or

an individual’s character, conduct, motives or private affairs. (Merriam – Webster).

Examples:
I would like to share my personal opinions.
Most of what I have are for personal effects.
I would like to spend my personal holidays abroad.

b. Personality, as defined by the Merriam – Webster Dictionary is the combination of

characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character. The American
Psychological Association, adapted from Encyclopedia of Psychology, refers to personality
as individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. The
study of personality focuses on two broad areas: understanding individual differences in
particular personality characteristics such as sociability or irritability and understanding how
various parts of a person come together as a whole. Personality is derived from the Latin
word “persona” which means a “mask”. It is a pattern of body of habits, traits, attitudes and
ideas of an individual organized externally into roles and statuses and as they relate internally
to motivations, goals and various aspects of selfhood.

Examples:
We need people with pleasing personality.
People at the workplace have different personalities.
Oprah Winfrey is a well-known personality.

c. Development refers to the systematic use of scientific knowledge to meet specific objectives;
it is an act, process or result of developing or a process of social transformation that is based
on complex, cultural and environmental factors and their interactions.

Now that we have defined the terms personal, personality, and development, we can now
distinguish between personal development and personality development. Let’s discuss their differences
and their relation to us humans.

Personal development is the general development of body, attitude, identity, behavior, lifestyle,
and thought processes where one can develop the self or the areas that need to be reworked to become
suitable to the world. Personality development is a process of consciously pursuing personal growth and
development through diverse activities. Personal development is also a method of helping an individual
polish his/her existing personality trait.
Personality development is the systematic development of the organized pattern of thoughts,
feelings, behaviors and attitudes that makes a person unique or distinct from others. It occurs through the
continuous interaction of disposition, character, and environment.

AREAS OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Identifying which areas and skills you must develop is the key to effective personal development.
The following is a high-level list of areas of personal development. Each area is equally important to the
improvement of your life as an adolescent.

1. Health
This area is about your body. Health, as defined by the World Health Organization in
1948 (a definition that is still use today), is a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
You can improve your life by having a good healthy body. In order to develop good
physical health, you must have a healthy diet, exercise regularly, get enough sleep and rest,
and consistently take care of your body.

2. Finance
To live a comfortable life, maintain a family, or just follow your dreams it is fundamental
that you have enough money or good financial capacity. For this reason, it is important to
manage your finances until you reach financial independence.
Being a student with no source of income, you can begin developing your financial
independence by building a series of passive income systems that generate money every
month for your needs. This kind of system is usually difficult to develop at first, but after it
has been done, its rewards are high.

3. Sociability
Sociability is the tendency or quality of liking to meet and be in the company of other
people. Some people think that you must be born with this ability if you want to build
genuine relationships. In reality this is not true and social skills are just like any other skill:
you can learn and practice them. Being honest and genuine toward others is essential in
developing your sociability.

4. Spiritually
Modern spirituality may be misunderstood by the majority of us. Spirituality does not
mean going to the church or praying a lot of times. Spirituality means the quality of being
concerned with the human spirit as opposed to material or physical things. It involves the
development of the deepest values and meanings by which you will live. Developing
spirituality means to improve one’s own being by learning how to control your emotions,
exercising self-discipline, and making decisions that are not contrary to the values you have
chosen to live by.

5. Habits
A habit is a recurrent, often unconscious, pattern of behavior that is acquired through
frequent repetition. It is also an action done on a regular basis like drinking coffee or tea after
dinner or buying the same brand of soap, shampoo or toothpaste. Working hard, journal
writing, reading good books and magazines, doing regular exercise, or meditation are
examples of good habits while alcoholism, drug addiction, lethargy, procrastination, telling
lies, dishonesty, stealing, or deceiving others, and escapism are examples of bad habits.

ADOLESCENCE AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Personal development plays an important role during the adolescence period. It is the period
when adolescents undergo significant changes in all areas of development. Adolescence is divided into
three stages: early, middle, and late adolescence. Individuals who are at age 10-13 are in their early
adolescence; those who are at age 14-16 are in their middle adolescence, and those who are at age 17-20
are in their late adolescence stage. At present, the world’s adolescent or youth population is at 1.8 billion
which constitutes 18% of the total global population (UN, 2015).

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Explain the meaning of self.
2. Understand themselves better.
3. Define and understand personality.
4. Identify the varied ways of assessing personality.

WHAT IS “SELF”?

Have you heard the maxim “Know Thyself”? This has been attributed to Socrates, but it did not
actually originate from him. There is even an inscription of it on the frontispiece of the Temple of
Delphi. We often hear it, but can we say what is exactly mean by it?
This maxim denotes that you as a human being must examine your inner self and live according
to your beliefs and values. Knowing thyself means being aware of your strengths and weaknesses,
dreams and passions, and fears and failures. It means that you have to discover your quirks, peculiarities,
and positive and negative traits and understand them.
To put it simply, the term “self” refers to a person’s essential being, including one’s typical
character or behavior, which distinguishes the individual form others. It refers to attributes and abilities
that are not physical and that make a person unique.

HOW DO YOU GAIN SELF-AWARENESS?

If you want to improve your self-awareness and develop your potential, here are some steps that
you may follow.

 Understand your life story.

To fully understand yourself, you need to fully grasp your life story. Life stories do not simply
reflect personality. “They are your personality, or more accurately, they are important parts of your
personality, along with other parts, like dispositional traits, goals, and values,” writes Dan McAdams, in
a chapter for the APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology.
Your life story can be changed and altered depending on how you want to write it since life
stories are constantly evolving and becoming more positive later in life. During adolescence period, you
begin to ask big questions such as: “Who am I?” “Where am I going?” “Where do I come from?”

 Make self-reflection a daily habit.

Reflective journaling can be a way to understand yourself better. A journal is where you put your
thoughts, feelings and realizations. It helps you to carefully think over why you are doing what you are
doing. Having a self-reflection journal may help you learn from your mistakes. To quote Thomas
Edison, “I have not failed, I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work”. It means that to find success,
you may make a lot of mistakes and failures. But it should not stop you from trying again and again
because failure is success turned backward and, remember, there’s no short-cut to success.
Soon, you will learn from your mistakes or failures; this will help you celebrate your successes
more. Having a self-reflection journal will also help you generate ideas from your past experiences that
might help others. At the end, those reflective ideas would create positive perspectives and will help you
relax.
  Seek honest feedback.
After carefully thinking and evaluating your actions, feelings and thoughts, you may ask others
for an honest feedback. If there is a need to change some of your behavior and actions then you will
probably need your teacher or a coach to implement those changes.
The first thing to consider in seeking honest feedback is to accept that it is not a quick fix. One of
the most important parts of the process is to develop a trusting relationship with the one you’re asking
for a feedback. Next is to listen up, engage in active listening and maintain eye contact. Be a genuine
listener. But remember that you cannot change anything about yourself if you do not know yourself,
your life story and your personality.

DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY

In chapter 1, we defined personality as the set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts and motives that
identifies an individual. When you talk about “self” you are referring to your personality.
There are three major factors that influence personality development: biological factors, cultural
determinants of personality, and family influences on personality development.

Factor 1. Biological Factors of Personality

The constitutional make-up – which is also largely determined by heredity – influences a
person’s personality characteristics and influences his personality development in an indirect way.
Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception which include physical attributes,
facial attractiveness, sex, temperament, and biological rhythms that are inherited from parents. Being
described as active, moderately active, or quiet are traits that are attributable to hereditary endowments,
although training and learning may produce noticeable modifications. Here, environment and culture
provide a decisive role.

(Biological traits are the foremost parameter which reflects various factors of one’s personality.
Being the essential determinant of personality, it incorporates a majority of other factors as well
which bring out the various insights about an individual. Some important constituents under the
physical determinants of personality are: 

 Hereditary: The features that can be determined from the time of conception are
generally put under hereditary. Sex, physical stature, temperament, muscle composition,
facial features, height etc are the characteristics that one usually inherits from parents.
Thus, through the hereditary approach, it is evident that the genes located in
chromosomes are the ultimate explanation of personality.

 Physical Features: Physical appearance is also amongst the integral determinants of

personality. How one appears physically actually plays an important role in how they are
perceived by others. Whether one is short, tall, slim, fat, black or white will obviously
have an impression on others and this will have an influence on the self-conception of
the individual.

Factor 2. Cultural Determinants of Personality

From the point of view of personality development, the most significant aspect of the
individual’s world is his social environment. All human beings live in a society, an interacting group of
people. Each society has a distinctive culture, a body of stored knowledge, characteristic way of
thinking, feelings, attitudes, goals, ideals and value system. Personality formation is influenced by the
cultural factors in the society in which you are raised. It also includes early conditioning, norms among
the family, friends and social groups and other influences that you experience.
Culture regulates our life and influences the development of your personality at every turn,
primarily by prescribing and limiting what you will be required to acquire for the development of your
personality. Such culture expects and trains its members to behave in the ways that are acceptable to the
group. Each culture has its own concepts, needs and specific techniques of child rearing as well as a set
of expectations regarding patterns of approved behavior.

(Just as we are born with biological determinants, cultural determinants of personality are the ones which we grow
up with. The ritual and norms in the family, the early conditioning, the way we are raised up, the social group in
which we hang out are the factors which have an impactful emphasis on our personality formation. Each culture
trains and expects its members to behave and breathe in a way that is acceptable by society. Hence, factors like
aggression, independence, cooperation and competition are major cultural contributors to personality
determination. Thus, it is quite evident to filter out the individuals brought up in the western part of the world from
the citizens of our country as the cultures we have been brought up are poles apart. )

Factor 3: Family Influences on Personality Development

The ultimate aim of personality development is the development of social behavior. Socialization
is the process by which an individual acquires behavioral potentialities and, eventually, those behavior
patterns that are customary and acceptable according to the standards of his family and social group. You
start acquiring those patterns of social behavior from the immediate environment and eventually from
the wide range of the extended environment.
Thus, the family has the most significant impact on early personality development. Your first
social learning occurs at home, and your earliest experiences with your family, especially your mother,
are critical in determining your attitude toward – and your expectations of – other individuals. Your
mother remains as the most important person to you because she gratifies your primary needs: food,
alleviation of pain, source of pleasure, and care. As an infant, you would soon learn that whenever you
are hungry, in pain, or uncomfortable your mother is there to give you whatever you need.

The most significant out of the different determinants of personality is that of familial. The
environment at home blended with the direct influence of the parents are the major
contributors to the traits that build our personality. A critical impact is driven by the family
especially in the early and naive age. For example, a child brought up in a violent household will
be quite different and emotionally and socially timid and cold as compared to a child reared in a
warm, adjusting and healthy environment. 

Let us understand the importance of parents and family as crucial determinants of personality
with the help of the American-Australian Psychologist Walter Mischel’s theory:

 Identification can be done by observing the similarity of the behaviour like feelings and
attitude between the child and their parents.
 Identification can be viewed as the child’s desire and aspiration to be like their parents.
 It can be looked as the method through which the child actually takes on the attributes
of the personality from their parents.

(THEREFORE, WE CAN BE INFER THAT THE TRAITS WE ACQUIRE AND THE PERSONALITY
WE DEVELOP DEPEND, ON THE WHOLE AND IN GENERAL, ON THE INTERACTION OF
BIOLOGICAL, CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS PRESENT IN THE
FAMILY AND SOCIETY.)

UNDERSTANDING ONE’S PERSONALITY

Personality is affected by both nature and nurture. Nature refers to heredity or genetic make-up,
while nurture refers to environment. Personality is developed through the combined influences of
heredity, environmental factors, and cultural backgrounds. Thus, personality type can be determined by
many factors.
Psychology has identified factors that determine different personality traits. They are known as
the Big Five Factors. They are used to study and measure individual differences in personality. The Big
Five Factors are:
1. Openness – the appreciation for a variety of experiences;
2. Conscientiousness – planning ahead rather than being spontaneous;
3. Extraversion – being sociable, energetic and talkative;
 4. Agreeableness – being kind, sympathetic and happy to help; and
5. Neuroticism – inclination to worry, be vulnerable, or temperamental.

The Big Five make up every individual’s personality; thus, there’s a little of each component in
every person. A person might have a bit of openness, a lot of conscientiousness, an average amount of
extraversion, plenty of agreeableness, and almost no neuroticism at all. Or someone could be
disagreeable, neurotic, introverted, conscientious, and hardly open at all. Let’s discuss what each trait
encompasses.
Openness to experience refers to being appreciative of varied and new experiences. People who
have a high level of openness to experience often enjoy going out of their comfort zone. They enjoy
adventure and seek new, unconventional, and unfamiliar experiences. They like travelling to new places
and learning different practices and cultures. They are curious, imaginative, and willing to try out new
things.
Conscientiousness is a measure of your tendency to control impulses as well as your
competence, sense of responsibility, orderliness, and drive for achievement. People who are high on
conscientiousness are organized and have a strong sense of duty. They are dependable, self-disciplined
and achievement-focused. To be conscientious is to be principled, responsible, and a and forward
thinker. Conscientious people are not impulsive; they persevere when faced with challenges. Those who
are low in conscientiousness are more spontaneous and freewheeling. They may tend toward
carelessness.

Conscientiousness is a helpful trait to have, as it has been linked to better health and well-being,
higher productivity, and success in school, on the job and life in general.
Extraversion is possibly the most recognizable personality trait. It indicates how outgoing and
social a person is. The more of an extravert someone is, the more sociable that person is. Extraverts are
chatty, friendly, and draw energy from crowds. They enjoy social gatherings and are the life of the party.
Introverts, on the other hand, need plenty of alone time, perhaps because their brains process social
interaction differently. Introversion is often confused with shyness, but the two are not alike. Shyness
implies a fear of social interactions or an inability to function socially. Introverts can be perfectly
charming at parties-- they just prefer solo or small-group activities.
Agreeableness is the tendency to be cooperative and compassionate toward others. It is the
measure of the extent of a person’s warmth and kindness. People who have a high level of agreeableness
are more likely to be warm, friendly, and tactful. They are also helpful, trusting, and compassionate.
They are generally optimistic and get along well with others.

People who have a low level of agreeableness tend to be cold, suspicious of others, and less
likely to cooperate. Being envious, which can lead to people being perceived as not agreeable, was
found to be the most common personality type out of the four studies by a report published in August
2016 in the Journal Science Advances.
Neuroticism refers to the tendency to be prone to psychological stress and to experience
unpleasant emotions easily. It is the degree of emotional stability and impulse control. People who are
high in neuroticism worry frequently and easily slip into anxiety and depression. They tend to find
things to worry about even if everything is going well. They may strive for perfection in their daily
activities and experience stress as a result of events that are beyond their control.

In contrast, people who are low in neuroticism tend to be emotionally stable and consistent. They
find it easier to remain calm and are less affected by stressful events.

PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT

There are other personality tests and evaluations for self-discovery that can help you become
more in tune to yourself and are also fun to do.
One tool that is exceptionally helpful is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This tool
can help you understand yourself better by determining what drives some of your behaviors. It can also
help you understand and get along better with others.
Sensation and intuition refer to how people prefer to gather information about the world:
through concrete information (sensing) or emotion (intuition).
 Thinking and feeling refer to how people make decisions. Thinking types go with logic, while
feeling types follow their hearts.
Extraversion and introversion refer to how people prefer to channel their energy when dealing
with people, whether it is inward (introversion) or outward (extraversion).

The Myers-Briggs system is rounded out with the judging/perception dichotomy, which
describes how people choose to interact with the world. Judging types like decisive action, while
perceiving types prefer open options. The MBTI system further identifies 16 personality types based on
a combination of four of the categories, leading to descriptions such as ISTP, ENFP, ESFJ, etc.

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), is a self-report personality test

developed over several decades of empirical research by Raymond B. Cattell, Maurice Tatsuoka and
Herbert Eber. The 16PF provides a measure of normal personality and can also be used by psychologists
and other mental health professionals, as a clinical instrument to help diagnose psychiatric disorders, as
well as help with prognosis and therapy planning. The 16PF instrument provides clinicians with a
normal-range measurement of anxiety, adjustment, emotional stability and behavioral problems. It can
also be used in other areas of psychology, such as career and occupational selection.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

NAME: ______DATE: ____

GRADE/SECTION: ______WEEK:ONE & TWO
TEACHER: MS. EDILENE R. CRUZAT SECOND SEMESTER S.Y.2021-2022

LEARNING OUTCOME(S):
 Define personal development and personality development.
 Compare and contrast personal development from personality development.
 Discuss the areas of personal development.
 Explain personal development of an adolescent.

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following in your own words (at least 5 sentences).

ACTIVITY 1 - ESSAY (10 points each)

1. Differentiate personal development from personality development.

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2. Discuss how habits will improve the adolescent’s life.

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3. Design a program on how to improve your personality.

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ACTIVITY 2
Turn to the link https://www.essentiallifeskills.net/index.html and read: “Why Quick Fixes
Don’t Work in Personal Development” by Z. Hereford. Write your reaction about what you have
read.
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LEARNING OUTCOME(S):
 Explain the meaning of self.
 Understand themselves better.
 Define and understand personality.
 Identify the varied ways of assessing personality.
ACTIVITY 3
On a clean bond paper draw two masks: One representing what you look like on the
outside and the other depicting what you look like on the inside. The outside mask can include
how you think others perceive you.

Source: Personal Development Philippine copyright 2019 by GOLDEN CRONICA PUBLISHING,

INC. and Ana Nelia Lopez-Jumamil, PhD. (Author) and Estrella B. Arvesu (Editor).

Compiled/Prepared by:

EDILENE R. CRUZAT
Teacher

Checked by: Approved by:

LAUREANO R. FERANIL LEA S. LONTOC, Ed, D.

Principal School President/Director
 Personal
Development

PRELIMINARY – Week 1 & 2

FIRST SEMESTER S.Y.2021-2022
NAME: ________________________________________________

GRADE/SECTION: ______________________________________

TEACHER: MS. EDILENE R. CRUZAT______________________ __