Educational Technology
Educational Technology
Educational Technology
Education
TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
While instructional technology covers the processes and systems used in the
process of developing human capability. Educational Technology includes, but
is not limited to, software, hardware, as well as Internet applications and
activities. Educational technology is simply defined as an array of tools that
might prove helpful in advancing student learning. Educational Technology
reliefs on a broad definition of the word “technology”.
DEVICE / NONPROJECTED
AUDIOVISUAL AIDS / THE USE OF
TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM
Device is any means other than the subject -matter itself that is employed
by the teacher in presenting the subject matter to the learner.
1. Demonstration
2. Field Trips
3. Laboratory experiments
4. Pictures, films, simulations, models
5. Real objects
Classification of Devices
Nonprojected aids are those that do not require the use of audiovisual
equipment such as a projector and screen. These include charts, graphs, maps,
illustrations, photographs, brochures, and handouts. Charts are commonly
used almost everywhere. A chart is a diagram which shows relationships. An
organizational chart is one of the most widely and commonly used kind of chart.
THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM
Computers
Class Website
What better way to display your student’s work, than to create a web page
designed just for your class. Once a web page is designed teachers can post
homework assignments, student work, famous quotes, trivia games, and so
much more. In current day society, children know how to use the computer and
navigate their way through a website, so why note give them one where they can
be published author. Just be careful as most districts maintain strong policies
to manage official websites for a school or classroom.
Class Blogs
These are some of a variety of Web 2.0 tools that are currently being
implemented in the classroom. Blogs allow for students to maintain a running
dialogue, like a journal, of thoughts, ideas, and assignments that also provide
for student comment and reiterative reflection. Wiki are more group focused to
allow multiple members of the group to edit a single document and create truly
collaborative and carefully edited finished product.
Wireless Classroom Microphones
Noise classrooms are a daily occurrence, and with the help of microphones,
students are able to hear their teachers clearer. Children learn better when they
hear the teacher clearly. The benefit for teachers is that they no longer lose their
voices at the end of the day.
Audiovisual aids are defined as any device used to aid in the communication
of an idea. As such, virtually anything can be used as an audio visual aid
provided it successfully communicates the idea or information for which it is
designed.
Even though early aids, such as maps and drawing are still in use, advances
in the audiovisual field have opened up new methods of presenting these aids,
such as videotapes and multimedia equipment which allow more professional
and entertaining presentation not only in the classrooms but also anywhere in
which ideas are to be conveyed to the audience.
THEORIES
Behaviorism
This theoretical framework was developed in the early 20th century with
the animal learning experiences of Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, Edward
C.Tolamn, Clark L. Hull, B.F Skinner and others.
Many psychologists used these theories to describe and experiment with human
learning. While still very useful this philosophy of learning has lost favor with
many educators.
Skinner’s Contributions
Cognitivism
Cognitive has changed how educators view learning. Since the very early
beginning of the Cognitive Revolution of the 1960’s and 1970’s, learning theory
has undergone a great deal of change. Much of the empirical framework of
behaviorism was retained even though a new paradigm had begun. Cognitive
theories look beyond behavior to explain brain-based learning. Cognitivist
consider to how human memory works to promote learning.
After memory theories like the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model and
Baddeley’s Working memory model were established as a theoretical
framework in Cognitive Psychology, new cognitive frameworks of learning
began to emerge during the 1970’s 80’s and 90’s.
Constructivism
Constructivist educators must make sure that the prior learning experiences
are appropriate and related to the concepts being taught. Jonassesn (1997)
suggests “well- structured” learning environment are useful for novice learners
and that “ill-structured” environments are only useful for more advance
learners. Educators utilizing technology when teaching with a constructivist
perspective should choose technologies that reinforce prior learning perhaps in
a problem-solving environment.
Connectivism
Connectivism is “a learning theory for the digital age.” And has been
developed by George Siemens and Stephen Downes based in their analysis of
the limitations of how we live, how we communicate, and how we learn. Donal
G. Perrin, Executive Editor of the International Journal of Instructional
Technology and Distance Learning says the theory “combines relevant elements
of many learning theories, social structures, and technology to create a powerful
theoretical construct for learning in the digital age.”