Module 1: Introduction To Information and Communication Technology Communication

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND Communication
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY • The transfer or exchange of information from person to person or from
one place to another.
Overview • A process: a transfer of information, ideas, thoughts, and messages.
• Involves a sender, a receiver, a code and a language that is understood by
ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies),
is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. The both the sender and receiver.
term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components,
applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e., Technology
businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to  The use of scientific knowledge to invent tools that assist human beings
interact in the digital world. in their efforts to overcome environmental hazards and impediments to
comfort
Diverse set of technological tools and resources used to transmit, Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
store, create, share or exchange information. These technological tools and • Umbrella term used to encompass all rapidly emerging, evolving and
resources include computers, the Internet (websites, blogs and emails), live converging computer, software, networking,
broadcasting technologies (radio, television and webcasting), recorded • VLAN_network_04telecommunications, Internet, programming and
broadcasting technologies (podcasting, audio and video players and storage information systems technologies.
devices) and telephony (mobile, satellite, video-conferencing, etc). • It is an extended term of Information Technology (IT).
• It stresses the role of unifies communications and the integration of
telecommunications, computers, as well as necessary enterprise
Lesson 1.1: Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enables
users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.
Information • - Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is a broader term
• Information is a processed data for
• Aids decision-making Information Technology (IT), which refers to all communication
• Could be visualized as a commodity, which could be or solid. technologies, including the internet, wireless networks, cell phones,
• Any potentially useful fact, quantity that can be expressed uniquely with computers, software, middleware, video- conferencing, social
exactness. Information is whatever is capable of causing a human mind to networking, and other media applications and services enabling users to
change its opinion about the current state of the world. access, retrieve, store, transmit, and manipulate information in a digital
form.
 It is the study or business of developing and using technology to process

information and aid communication.
partially sighted or blind people to work with ordinary text rather than
IT VS ICT Braille.
• Communication: Cost savings by using e.g. VoIP instead of normal
 IT refers to an entire industry that uses computers, networking, telephone, email/messaging instead of post, video conferencing instead
software, and other equipment to manage information. of traveling to meetings, e- commerce web sites instead of sales
 ICT can be seen as an integration of IT with media broadcasting catalogues. Access to larger, even worldwide, markets.
technologies, audio/video processing and transmission and telephony. • Information management: Data mining of customer information to
 ICT is an extended acronym for IT. produce lists for targeted advertising. Improved stock control, resulting
in less wastage, better cash flow, etc.
• Security: ICT solves or reduces some security problems, e.g. Encryption
methods can keep data safe from unauthorized people, both while it is
History of ICT being stored or while it is being sent electronically.
ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is • ICT allows people to participate in a wider, even worldwide, society.
the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. • Distance learning: students can access teaching materials from all over
Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the term is the world.
generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications • ICT facilitates the ability to perform ‘impossible’ experiments’ by using
and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e., businesses, simulations.
nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the • Creation of new more interesting jobs. Examples would be systems
digital world analysts, programmers and software engineers, as well as help desk
operators and trainers.
Impact of ICT in The Society Negative impacts of Information and Communication Technology
• Job loss: Manual operations being replaced by automation. e.g. robots
Positive impacts of Information and Communication Technology replacing people on an assembly line. Job export. e.g. Data processing
• Access to information: Increase in access to information and services that work being sent to other countries where operating costs are lower.
has accompanied the growth of the Internet. Some of the positive Multiple workers being replaced by a smaller number who are able to do
aspects of this increased access are better, and often cheaper, the same amount of work. e.g. A worker on a supermarket checkout can
communications, such as VoIP phone and Instant Messaging. serve more customers per hour if a bar-code scanner linked to a
• Improved access to education, e.g. distance learning and online tutorials. computerized till is used to detect goods instead of the worker having to
New ways of learning, e.g. interactive multi-media and virtual reality. enter the item and price manually
• New tools, new opportunities: ICT gives access to new tools that did not
previously exist: digital cameras, photo-editing software and high quality
printers, screen magnification or screen reading software enables
• Reduced personal interaction: Most people need some form of social
interaction in their daily lives and if they do not get the chance to meet
and talk with other people they may feel isolated and unhappy.
• Reduced physical activity: This can lead to health problems such as
obesity, heart disease, and diabetes.
• Cost: A lot of ICT hardware and software is expensive, both to purchase
and to maintain. An ICT system usually requires specialist staff to run it
and there is also the challenge of keeping up with ever-changing
technology.
• Competition: this is usually thought of as being a good thing, but for
some organizations being exposed to greater competition can be a
problem. If the organization is competing for customers, donations, or
other means of funding nationally or even internationally, they may lose
out to other organizations that can offer the same service for less money.
References
• Luna, A., Marbella, C., Mayor, J., Reyes, S., Sagum, J., Santos, J., Sapino, R., and Usero,
S. (2021). Living in the IT Era. Instructional Material for Students.
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/jh-cerilles-statecollege/btte-english/module-living-
in-the-it-era/16912330
• Polytechnic University of the Philippines (2020). Module 1 Living with IT ERA.
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/polytechnic-university-of-the-philippines/living-in-
the-it-era/module-1living-with-it-era/10177565
• Polytechnic University of the Philippines (2020). Module 1 – The Current State of ICT
Technologies.
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/polytechnic-university-of-the-philippines/living-in-
the-it-era/module-1the-current-state-of-ict-technologies/13704247
Activity 1.1
1. Name one positive impact of ICT that you are experiencing today
and explain.
2. Give one negative impact of ICT that you are experiencing today
and explain.

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MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND Communication

 It is the study or business of developing and using technology to process

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