Small Fruit Grape Spray Guide: Midwest and

2015 Midwest
Small Fruit and Grape

Arkansas
University of Arkansas Cooperative
Spray Guide
Extension Service
AG1281
Illinois
University of Illinois Extension
ICSG3-15
Indiana
Purdue Extension
ID-169
Iowa
Iowa State University
Extension and Outreach
PM 1375
Kansas
K-State Research and Extension
Kentucky
University of Kentucky
Cooperative Extension Service
ID-94
Minnesota
University of Minnesota Extension
Missouri
University of Missouri
Missouri State University
MX377
Nebraska
University of Nebraska —
Lincoln Extension
Ohio
Ohio State University Extension
506B2
Oklahoma
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension
Service
E-987
West Virginia
West Virginia University
Extension Service
Publication 865
Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin-Extension
A3899
2015 Midwest Small Fruit and Grape Spray Guide
Contents
Foreword........................................................................................................................................6
Tips on Using This Spray Guide..................................................................................................13
Grape Spray Schedule..................................................................................................................15
Blueberry Spray Schedule............................................................................................................37
Raspberry and Blackberry Spray Schedule..................................................................................42
Strawberry Spray Schedule..........................................................................................................49
REI and PHI for Fungicides.........................................................................................................58
REI and PHI for Insecticides.......................................................................................................60
Special Insect Pest Problems.......................................................................................................63
Weed Control in Small Fruit Crops.............................................................................................64
Midwest Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook

The Midwest Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook is a companion publication to this spray guide
that contains additional information on control strategies for small fruit diseases, insect pests, and weeds.
Pesticide safety, sprayer calibration, plant nutrition, and weed identification are also covered. Copies of
the publication (OSU Bul. 861) may be available from your state Extension office or from Ohio State
University Extension Publications, 385 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210-1044,
(614) 292-1607. It is also available from Ohioline: ohioline.osu.edu.
Legal Responsibilities for Pesticide Use

Pesticides suggested in this publication have been registered by the Pesticides Regulation Division of the
Environmental Protection Agency. At the time this bulletin was published, these pesticides were registered
for use as indicated on the individual product labels. These registrations can change at any time. In order
to keep you informed of the latest updates on pesticide registrations, a Web version of this publication is
updated regularly and can be viewed online at www.ag.purdue.edu/hla/Hort/Pages/sfg_sprayguide.aspx.
It is your responsibility as a pesticide user to read and follow all current label directions for the specific
pesticide being used. The legal limitations on the use of these pesticides should be strictly observed
to prevent excessive residues in or on harvested fruit. All growers should read product labels, follow
directions carefully, and observe pre-harvest intervals and application rates. Some of the pesticides
suggested in this publication are on the EPA Restricted Use List, and users must be certified private
applicators to purchase and apply these materials.
The pesticide label is a legal document.
Check this publication online at www.ag.purdue.edu/hla/Hort/Pages/sfg_sprayguide.aspx for

the most recent information concerning pesticide registrations.
Pesticide Emergency and Poison Control Centers
Nationwide phone numbers: National Pesticide Information Retrieval System
(NPIRS): (765) 494-6616
Pesticide Poisoning: Call the Poison Center
National Pesticide Information Center:
(800) 222-1222
(800) 858-7378
This number will automatically connect you to
the poison center nearest you. CHEMTREC (800) 424-9300
Arkansas Minnesota
Arkansas Poison Center: (800) 222-1222 Minnesota Poison Control System
Arkansas State Plant Board: (501) 225-1595 Emergency or Urgent Question: (800) 222-1222
Pesticide training, licensing, and education Local Number: (612) 873-3141
for applying restricted use pesticides. www.mnpoison.org
Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Avenue,
Illinois Mail Code RL, Minneapolis, MN 55415
Illinois Poison Control Centers Emergency
Nationwide: (800) 222-1222 Missouri
Emergency TTY/TDD: (312) 906-6185 Missouri Poison Center: (800) 222-1222
St. Louis residents may phone: (314) 772-5200
Indiana www.cardinalglennon.com/Pages/Poison Center.aspx
Indiana Poison Center: (800) 222-1222,
Pesticide Poisoning Nebraska
Indiana Department of Environmental Nebraska Regional Poison Center: (800) 222-1222
Management: (765) 233-7745, Anyone with a poisoning emergency can call the
Pesticide Spill Reporting toll-free telephone number for help. Personnel at the
Purdue Pesticide Programs: (765) 494-4566, Resource Center will give you first-aid information
General Information and direct you to local treatment centers if necessary.
Office of Indiana State Chemist: (765) 494-1492,
Pesticide Certification and Training Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency Region 5: Ohio Poison Exposure Centers: (800) 222-1222
(312) 886-5220 TDD number: (800) 253-7955
All calls will be automatically routed to the regional
Iowa Ohio Poison Exposure Center closest to you. This
Iowa Statewide Poison Control Center number should be called to receive medical assistance
Emergency Phone Number: (800) 222-1222 if you are involved in a pesticide exposure poisoning.
Administrative Phone Number: (712) 279-3710
www.iowapoison.org Oklahoma
[email protected] The Oklahoma Poison Control Center:
A joint effort by St. Luke’s Regional Medical (800) 222-1222
Center, Iowa Health System and University of www.oklahomapoison.org
Iowa Hospitals and Clinics: 2720 Stone Park
Blvd., Sioux City, Iowa 51104 West Virginia
West Virginia Poison Control Center:
Kansas (800) 222-1222
Poison Control Center, University of Kansas
Charleston, WV residents may call: (304) 388-4211
Hospital:
(800) 222-1222 Pollution, Toxic Chemical & Oil Spills, National:
Kansas City residents may phone: (913) 588-6633 (800) 424-8802
Emergency TDD: (913) 588-6639 West Virginia Department of Natural Resources:
www.kumed.com/poison (800) 642-3074
[email protected]
Wisconsin
Kentucky (800) 222-1222 (statewide, emergency)
Kentucky Regional Poison Control Center: Madison (608) 262-3702 (non-emergency)
(800) 222-1222 Milwaukee (414) 266-2222 (non-emergency)
Metro Louisville residents may phone:
(502) 589-8222
KY Environmental Response: (800) 928-2380
or (502) 564-2380
1
Fruit Grower Newsletters
Arkansas
University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Cooperative Missouri
Extension Service offers Arkansas Fruit and Nut News. The Grape and Wine Institute (GWI) at the University of
It is published monthly or as needed to Arkansas growers Missouri publishes an electronic newsletter, The Midwest
at no cost. It provides timely information about fruit and Winegrower, available at gwi.missouri.edu/publications. The
nut production practices, disease and insect/mite activity, newsletter includes educational articles on grape growing
and upcoming meetings. Contact Donn Johnson, AGRI and winemaking; insect, disease, and weed management;
320 Department of Entomology, Division of Agriculture, industry news; and notices of events in the region. Those
University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701; interested in receiving the newsletter should contact
phone: (479) 575-2501; email: [email protected]. Tammy Jones ([email protected]) or Jackie Harris
Illinois ([email protected]): GWI, 108 Eckles Hall, University
University of Illinois Extension publishes The Illinois of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5140; (573) 882-8802.
Fruit & Vegetable News. This newsletter covers production Nebraska
practices and insect and disease management. It is available The University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension publishes
at www.ipm.uiuc.edu/ifvn/index.html. For information, a quarterly newsletter — The Nebraska Vine Lines. This
or to order, contact Rick Weinzierl, Department of Crop newsletter covers production practices, news of the industry,
Sciences, University of Illinois, AW-101 Turner Hall, 1102 and insect, disease, and weed management. For information,
S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801; phone: (217) 333- contact Paul Read, Department of Agronomy and
6651; email: [email protected]. Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68983-
Indiana 0724; phone: (402) 472-5136.
Purdue Extension offers Facts for Fancy Fruit, a fruit Ohio
grower newsletter issued at frequent intervals during the The Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic Newsletter (OGEN)
fruit season to Indiana growers by first class mail for is available at www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/grapeweb. To
$15 a year. This service supplies timely information on subscribe, email Dave Scurlock at [email protected].
disease and insect activity throughout the state, cultural Ohio Fruit News (formerly Ohio Fruit ICM News) is
information, and announcements of upcoming meetings. available for free at southcenters.osu.edu/horticulture.
The newsletter also is available for free at www.hort.purdue. Subscribe to the ListServ at the site, or email Gary Gao at
edu/fff and through email. [email protected].
For a hard copy, send your name, address, and present
fruit interests along with a check for $15, made out to Oklahoma
Purdue University to: Facts For Fancy Fruit, Department of Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension publishes
Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, 625 Agricultural a quarterly newsletter on grape management issues related
Mall Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907- to Oklahoma called Le Vigneron. This newsletter covers
2010. vine management, insect and disease control topics, and
other information relevant to grape growers. For information
Iowa contact William McGlynn, Department of Horticulture
Iowa State University Extension and Outreach creates a and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University,
monthly newsletter. Read it and sign up at IowaProduce.org. Stillwater, OK 74078; phone: (405) 744-7375; email:
Kentucky [email protected]. The newsletter also is
A Cooperative Extension newsletter, Kentucky Fruit Facts, available at: www.grapes.okstate.edu/levigneron.html.
is issued monthly to all Kentucky growers at no cost. This
service supplies timely information on disease and insect Pesticide Drift Communication Tools
activity throughout the state, as well as cultural information.
To obtain this service, send your name, address and present Several states involved in this spray guide have Web-based
fruit interests to: Kentucky Fruit Facts, c/o John Strang, mapping tools that enable producers of pesticide sensitive crops
Department of Horticulture, N-318 Ag. Sci. Bldg. North, avoid drift injury by communicating with agricultural chemical
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091; phone: applicators.
(859) 257-5685; fax:(859) 257-2859; email: jstrang@uky. DriftWatch.org serves Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas,
edu. Kentucky Fruit Facts is also available at www.uky.edu/ Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New
hort/documents-list-fruit-facts. Mexico, Wisconsin, and Saskatchewan.
Minnesota Oklahoma’s Pestidice Drift Risk Advisor can be accessed
through the Agweather website at agweather.mesonet.org.
The U of M Fruit Blog and Minnesota Enology Blog keep
growers informed of the latest developments in fruit and The Ohio Sensitive Crop Registry is available at www.agri.
wine research and outreach. They are available at fruit. ohio.gov/scr.
cfans.umn.edu. Check with the state department of agriculture in your state
about similar tools.
A rating of 2,4-D and dicamba sensitivity of grape cultivars has
been added to Table 4 (page 36) to help growers avoid planting
highly sensitive cultivars in regions with large acreages of corn
and soybeans.
2
Using a Plant Diagnostic Lab
The best way to identify insects, plants, and plant Submitting Insect Specimens
diseases, or to diagnose plant and pest problems, is to
Package insects carefully so they aren’t crushed when
send a sample to a diagnostic laboratory. The National
they arrive at the lab. Do not tape insects to paper or
Plant Diagnostic Network website (www.npdn.
package them loosely in envelopes. Separate and label
org) lists diagnostic laboratories by state and region.
the specimens if you send more than one type in the
Contact individual laboratories for specific submission
same package. Provide the appropriate information for
and fee information (see pages 4-5).
each specimen.
To ensure an accurate diagnosis, it’s important to
Tiny or Soft-bodied Specimens. Submit such
collect and ship your specimens properly. Here are a
specimens (aphids, mites, thrips, caterpillars, grubs,
few guidelines for collecting and shipping specimens
spiders) in a small, leak-proof bottle or vial that is
to a diagnostic lab. Your state will have specific
1 ounce or less filled with with 70 percent alcohol
instructions for collecting and shipping samples —
(in Kansas submit in vinegar). Rubbing alcohol
check your local clinic’s website for details.
(isopropyl) is suitable and readily available. Do not
1. Collect fresh specimens. Send a generous amount submit insects in water, formaldehyde, or without
of material, if available. alcohol; they will ferment and decompose.
2. Ship specimens in a crush-proof container Hard-bodied Specimens. Submit such specimens
immediately after collecting. If holdover periods (flies, grasshoppers, cockroaches, wasps, butterflies,
are encountered, keep specimen cool. Ship beetles) dry in a crush-proof container. As noted
packages to arrive on weekdays. above, do not tape insects to paper or place them loose
3. Incomplete information or poorly selected in envelopes.
specimens may result in an inaccurate diagnosis
or inappropriate control recommendations. Badly
Submitting Samples for Nematode
damaged specimens are often unidentifiable and Analysis
additional sample requests can cause delays. If you suspect a nematode problem, contact your
clinic for state-specific submission information (see
Submitting Plant Specimens for pages 4-5).
Disease/Injury Diagnosis In general nematode identification requires collection
Herbaceous Plants. For generally declining, wilting, of at least one quart of soil from the root zone of
or dying plants, send several whole plants showing affected plants. Include roots if the plants are actively
a range of symptoms (early through more advanced) growing.
with roots and adjacent soil intact if possible. Dig
Place the entire sample in a plastic bag. Do not add
the plants carefully so the root system remains intact.
water or allow it to dry out. Protect the sample from
Place roots and surrounding soil in a plastic bag and
extreme heat (for example, don’t leave samples inside
fasten it to the base of the stem with a twist tie or
a parked vehicle in direct sunlight). It is often helpful
string. Wrap the plants in dry newspaper and place
to collect a second, similar sample from a nearby area
in a crush-proof container for shipment. Do not add
where plant growth appears normal.
water or moist paper towels.
Attach a label, note, or tag identifying the sample to
Leaves/fruit/woody tissues. When localized
the outside of each bag or package.
infections (such as leaf spots, fruit rots, or cankers)
are suspected, send specimens representing early and
moderate stages of disease. Press leaves flat between
heavy paper or cardboard (do not tape leaves to paper)
and wrap fruits and woody tissue in dry paper. For
large fruit, wrap each individually in newspaper. Do
not place fruit in a plastic bag. Pack firmly in a crush-
proof container so that fruit will not be bruised during
shipping.
3
Selected University Diagnostic Labs
Arkansas Kansas
Plant Health Clinic Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab
Univeristy of Arkansas Extension Plant Pathology
2601 N. Young Ave. 4032 Throckmorton Hall
Fayetteville, AR 72704 Kansas State University
(479) 575-7601 Manhattan, KS 66506-5504
bumperscollege.uark.edu/health_clinic (785) 532-5810
Contact: Fax: (785) 532-5692
Sherrie Smith, [email protected] www.plantpath.ksu.edu/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=49
Contact:
Illinois Judith O’Mara, [email protected]
Univeristy of Illinois Plant Clinic
S-417 Turner Hall Kentucky
1102 S. Goodwin Avenue Serving central and eastern Kentucky:
University of Illinois Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
Urbana, IL 61801 Agricultural Science Building-North
(217) 333-0519 University of Kentucky
web.extension.illinois.edu/plantclinic Lexington, KY 40546-0091
www.facebook.com/UofIPlantClinic (859) 257-8949
Contacts: Fax: (859) 323-1961
Stephanie Porter, [email protected] www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/extension/
(217) 244-3254 pdd_lab.html
Suzanne Bissonnette, [email protected] Contact:
(217) 333-2478 Julie Beale, [email protected]
Indiana Serving western Kentucky:
Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
Purdue University Department of Plant Pathology
LSPS 101 UK Research and Education Center
915 W. State Street P.O. Box 469
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 1205 Hopkinsville Street
(765) 494-7071 Princeton, KY 42445
Fax: (765) 494-3958 www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/extension/
www.ppdl.purdue.edu pdd_lab.html
Contacts: (270) 365-7541 Ext. 228
Tom Creswell, [email protected] Fax: (270) 365-2667
Gail Ruhl, [email protected] Contact:
Brenda Kennedy, [email protected]
Iowa
Iowa State University Plant and Insect Diagnostic Minnesota
Clinic Plant Disease Clinic
327 Bessey Hall Univeristy of Minnesota
Iowa State University 495 Borlaug Hall
Ames, IA 50011 1991 Upper Buford Circle
(515) 294-0581 St. Paul, MN 55108
Fax: (515) 294-9420 (612) 625-1275
www.plantpath.iastate.edu/pdc pdc.umn.edu
Contacts: [email protected]
Erika Saalau-Rojas, Plant Pathologist
[email protected]
Laura Jesse, Entomologist
[email protected]
4
Selected University Diagnostic Labs (continued)
Missouri Oklahoma
University of Missouri—Plant Diagnostic Clinic Plant Disease and Insect Diagnostic Lab
28 Mumford Hall Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology
Columbia, MO 65201 127 Noble Research Center
Phone: 573-882-3019 Oklahoma State University
Email: [email protected] Stillwater, OK 74078
Web: http://plantclinic.missouri.edu/ entoplp.okstate.edu/Pddl
Plant Nematology Lab (405) 744-9961
23 Mumford Hall Fax: (405) 744-7373
University of Missouri Contacts:
Columbia, MO 65211 Richard Grantham, [email protected]
(573) 884-9118 Jennifer Olson, [email protected]
Fax: (573) 882-0588 West Virginia
soilplantlab.missouri.edu/nematode Plant Diagnostic Clinic
Contact: West Virginia University
Robert Heinz, [email protected] G102 South Agriculture Sciences Bldg.
Nebraska Morgantown, WV 26506-6108
Plant & Pest Diagnostic Clinic anr.ext.wvu.edu/pests/wvu_plant_diagnostic_clinic
448 Plant Sciences (304) 293-8838
P.O. Box 830722 Fax: (304) 293-6954
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Contact:
Lincoln, NE 68583-0722 MM (Mafuz) Rahman, [email protected]
pdc.unl.edu/diagnosticclinics/plantandpest Wisconsin
(402) 472-2559 Plant Disease Diagnostics Clinic
Fax: (402) 472-2853 Department of Plant Pathology
Contact: 1630 Linden Drive
Kevin Korus, [email protected] University of Wisconsin-Madison
Ohio Madison, WI 53706-1598
C. Wayne Ellett Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic pddc.wisc.edu
Ohio State University (608) 262-2863
8995 E. Main St., Bldg. 23 Fax: (608) 263-2626
Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 Contact:
(614) 292-5006 Brian Hudelson, [email protected]
Fax: (614) 466-9754
ppdc.osu.edu
Contact:
Nancy Taylor, [email protected] or [email protected]
5
Foreword
Commercial fruit production has become a highly
skilled, technical profession. Concerns about pesticide
residues, operator risks, and the environment dictate
that all fruit growers exercise extreme caution in
the use of all pesticides, and indeed, all chemicals.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
designated a number of fruit pesticides as “restricted
use.” Growers who plan to use these restricted
materials must be certified as private applicators.
Certification requires that applicators understand the
following: labels and labeling, safety factors, potential
environmental concerns, identification of common
pests encountered, pesticides and their use, proper
equipment use, application techniques, and applicable
state and federal regulations. Training programs are
offered to help you in certification. Contact your
county Extension office for information.
The pest management recommendations in this
guide have been formulated to provide you up-to-
date information on pesticides and their applicability
to your problem. It is suggested that you use this
information to set up your own spray program. You
should keep accurate records of materials used, dates
of application, areas treated, stages of growth, and
weather conditions. Page 88 of this guide contains
sample record sheets. In case of questions, nothing
beats a good set of records. Records are required by
EPA for Restricted Use Pesticide applications. Some
states may require records for general use pesticides
(e.g., Kentucky has this requirement).
Handling Pesticides
1. Know the pesticide toxicity and act accordingly.
2. When mixing pesticides do not breathe the dust,
powder, or vapor. Always mix outdoors.
3. Do not smoke, eat, or drink when handling or
applying pesticides.
4. Stay out of drift from spray or dust.
5. Rinse liquid containers with water at least three
times and pour rinsate into spray tank as it is being
filled. Punch holes in metal and plastic containers
and crush. Dispose of these and all other pesticide
containers where there will be no contamination
of crops or water supply. Do not re-use pesticide
containers.
6. Use an adequate respirator and protective clothing,
especially when mixing pesticides. Necessary
protective equipment is listed on pesticide labels.
6
7. Have a “buddy” around when using acutely toxic 10. Comply with the Right-To-Know law. Have
organophosphates, just in case. complete product labels readily available for
8. For maximum safety, get an appropriate blood test workers to see. Have the Material Safety Data
before the season starts and test periodically during Sheet (MSDS) for each product you use available
the season. for workers to see and for rescue or fire personnel
to use in case of emergency.
9. Consult a doctor immediately if unusual symptoms
develop during or after spraying. Symptoms such 11. Provide pesticide safety training for pesticide
as blurred vision, nausea, headaches, chest pains, handlers and other workers to comply with
weakness, diarrhea, or cramps indicate possible Worker Protection Standards (WPS).
pesticide poisoning. 12. Regularly inspect and maintain personal
10. Wash hands thoroughly before eating or smoking. protective equipment used when applying
pesticides.
11. Bathe and change clothes daily, and wash
contaminated clothing separate from other Pesticide Use and the Law
laundry. Pesticides are developed by manufacturers, registered
12. Always store a pesticide in its original container, with EPA, and sold to the public with the assumption
never in an unmarked container. Never trust your that users read, understand, and follow instructions
memory. found on product labels. Specific information on
use, personal protective equipment, environmental
13. Always store pesticides under lock and key and
precautions, and storage and disposal are found on
keep them away from children.
pesticide labels. The purpose of the label is to provide
14. Always use an anti-siphon device when filling the clear directions to allow maximum product benefit
spray tank from a domestic water source. while minimizing risks to human health and the
15. The label is the law. Read and follow all label environment.
instructions carefully. Every pesticide label includes the statement, “It is a
violation of federal law to use this product in a manner
Management Tips for Safety inconsistent with its labeling.” This language obliges
1. Maintain accurate spray records. Show application purchasers or users of any pesticide to assume all
rates, pesticides used, total gallonage, area treated, legal responsibilities for the product’s use. Further,
stage of plant development, and weather data. courts and regulators recognize that pesticide labels
2. Be prepared to show your records to the EPA or are binding contracts that require those using the
state regulatory officials if necessary. products to do so exactly as directed. Terms such as
“must,” “shall,” “do not,” and “shall not” mean users
3. Do not contaminate forage crops or pastures.
are responsible for specific actions when applying or
4. Do not allow animals to graze fruit plantings. handling a given product; any departure from such
5. Prevent excess drift. directions is, in the eyes of the law, an illegal use of
the pesticide.
6. Maintain equipment in top condition.
“Use” means more than just applying the pesticide.
7. Protect children, pets, livestock, and the
Federal and state regulations define pesticide use
environment from pesticide contamination.
to include handling, mixing, loading, storing,
8. Follow all label instructions on re-entry times for transporting, and disposing, as well as human and
pesticides. Regulations mandate re-entry times environmental exposure. This all-encompassing
for all pesticides. Sprayed areas must be posted definition covers every activity that involves a
so workers will not enter before the re-entry time pesticide — from purchase to container disposal.
without the required protective clothing. Re-entry
The pesticide label is more than just a piece of paper.
times and the required protective clothing are listed
It serves a dual function: the label instructs users how
on product labels and in tables in this guide.
to use the product safely and effectively, and it serves
9. Inform all workers of re-entry restrictions and as a legal measuring stick. Many statements on the
information on safe pesticide use and/or training to label result from rigorous scientific investigations
meet OSHA requirements. and governmental regulatory decisions. Pesticide
users should read, understand, and follow pesticide
7
label directions to ensure effective pest control, These products also may be used according to label
personal safety, environmental protection, and legal instructions.
compliance. Second, pesticide labels may clearly prohibit
Pesticide labels include two very important greenhouse use. Obviously, these products cannot be
statements: used in a greenhouse under any circumstances.
Re-entry or restricted entry interval (REI) Finally, there are many pesticide labels that don’t
statements contain re-entry precautions and state specify whether the product can be used in a
a time interval during which entry into a pesticide- greenhouse or not. When labels don’t expressly
treated site is not allowed. The statement indicates prohibit greenhouse use, most state regulatory
the length of time that must elapse after the pesticide agencies interpret that to mean that the product can
application before individuals may enter the treated be used in a greenhouse as long as the treated crop is
area without personal protective clothing and on the label and the product is used according to label
equipment. directions.
Pre-harvest interval (PHI) statements indicate Determining
the time interval that must elapse after the pesticide
application before the crop may be harvested. Spray Volume and Rate
Harvesting prior to the PHI may result in dangerous Small fruit plantings are sprayed with insecticides,
and illegal pesticide residues on the crop. fungicides, growth regulators, and nutrient solutions
in many different formulations and concentrations and
Pesticide Use in Greenhouses and at various stages of plant development. The principal
High Tunnels targets in spraying may be the foliage, flowers,
Fruit and vegetable production in greenhouses fruit, woody surfaces, or all these components.
and high tunnels has increased dramatically in the Obviously, the equipment and methods used for such
Midwest in the past few years. Although greenhouse a diverse spraying program must be versatile, and the
or high tunnel environments may change the equipment must be properly calibrated for each type
composition of the pest complex growers may face, of application to produce the desired results.
using pesticides will often be necessary to maintain Dilute Spraying
the adequate levels of control needed to produce a
The objective of spraying is to distribute the spray
profitable and marketable crop.
material uniformly over the plants or plant parts of
Pesticide regulatory agencies in the Midwest vary particular concern. Pesticide recommendations are
in their interpretation of whether a high tunnel is a based on the amount of dilute spray needed to wet
type of greenhouse. For example, Indiana considers plants thoroughly, to the point of “runoff.” In typical
a high tunnel to be a form of greenhouse. That means blueberry, raspberry, or grape plantings with plants
the pesticides one selects for high tunnel use must be 5 to 7 feet tall and 3 to 5 feet wide and set in rows
appropriate for greenhouse use. Other states consider 9 to 10 feet apart, and in most strawberry plantings,
high tunnels to be the same as fields when it comes 100 gallons of water per acre has been established
to pesticide use. Still other states, like Missouri, take as a standard dilute spray volume for fungicide and
an intermediate approach: they call a high tunnel a insecticide application. This dilute rate is considered a
greenhouse when the sides are closed, but call it a 1x concentration.
field when the sides are open.
It is important that you determine how your state Low Volume Spraying
views high tunnels. When it comes to greenhouse Low volume, or concentrate, spraying refers to the use
pesticide applications, there are three kinds of labels. of less water per acre in applying pesticides. In low
volume spraying, the volume of water applied per acre
First, pesticide labels can clearly state that the
is reduced in proportion to the increased concentration
products may be used in greenhouses. These products
of pesticide used by 2x, 3x, 4x, or more. Thus, a 3x
may be used according to label directions. Pesticide
rate uses a 3x concentration of pesticide in only one-
labels that have different instructions for greenhouse
third the water per acre that would be used in dilute
use and in-field use also fall into this category.
spraying.
8
Low volume sprays must be applied with air-assisted Step 3. Select density factor.
sprayers that use a high velocity airstream to distribute Select one of the following numbers that best indicates
the spray mixture. Most conventional air-assisted the canopy density of each separate planting.
sprayers can be used to apply spray mixtures up to
6x concentration. Sprayers specifically designed 0.70 gal/1,000 cu ft: Plants extremely open, light
for ultra low volume application should be used for visible through entire canopy.
applications up to 10x. 0.80 gal/1,000 cu ft: Plants well pruned, with
Using low volume sprays requires less labor, less moderate vigor, adequate light penetration into
water, less time, and fewer refills than 1x or dilute canopy, many holes in foliage where light can be
mixtures. However, low volume sprays have seen through plant.
disadvantages. Here are some precautions to follow 0.90 gal/1,000 cu ft: Plants pruned minimally, or
when making low volume pesticide applications: with high vigor, poor light penetration into canopy,
1. Use extreme care in calibrating the sprayer and very few holes where light can be seen through
maintaining a constant sprayer speed. As gallonage plant.
is decreased, errors become much more critical. 1.00 gal/1,000 cu ft: Plants unpruned, extremely
2. Choose calm, yet good drying conditions for dense, no light visible anywhere through canopy
spraying. This may mean spraying at night or early Step 4. Calculate TRV gallonage/acre.
in the morning. Good coverage cannot be achieved
in windy conditions (over 5 mph). cu ft of TRV/acre x density
3. Prune plants well to create an open canopy for (from Step 2) (from Step 3)
spray penetration. Spray droplets will not penetrate 1,000
dense foliage. = gallons of dilute solution to be applied per acre
4. Choose pesticide formulations that will mix = TRV gal/acre
satisfactorily. Pay careful attention to increased
operator hazards and drift problems. Example
A vineyard has rows spaced 10 feet apart, the canopy
Tree Row Volume Spraying height is 6 feet, and the cross row spread is 4 feet at
Tree row volume (TRV) is a method originally used full canopy. The density factor is 0.90.
with orchard crops to determine the dilute (1x)
volume of spray solution necessary to cover the entire Step 1 43,560 sq ft ÷ 10 ft = 4,356 ft of row/acre
plant surface for any given fruit planting. TRV is an Step 2 4,356 x 6 ft x 4 ft = 104,544 cu ft TRV/acre
objective method for determining the spray volume Step 3 Density has been chosen as 0.90.
required for plants of different sizes, and for changes
in canopy size as plants develop during the season. Step 4 [104,544 x .90] ÷ 1,000 = 94 TRV gal/acre
With the TRV method, the volume of dilute spray Spraying Small Volumes
needed per acre can be easily calculated for each In some cases the grower may wish to apply small
planting based on plant size and density. To determine volumes of pesticides with backpack or hand-held
the TRV, the between-row spacing, maximum plant sprayers or wipers. The following table will help make
height, and cross-row plant spread must be accurately the conversion from rate per 100 gallons to rate per
measured. See the step-by-step procedure below. gallon. Care should be taken to measure pesticide
amounts accurately because errors will be magnified
Calculate Tree Row Volume Gallonage at small volumes.
Step 1. Calculate feet of row/acre.
43,560 sq ft/acre
Calibrating Single Nozzle
= feet of row/acre and Boom Sprayers
between-row spacing (ft)
Calibration is an essential step in the use of any
Step 2. Calculate cu ft of TRV/acre. application equipment. Early spring, right after the
Feet of row/acre (from Step 1) x plant height (ft) x sprayer has been reassembled and is being readied for
cross-row plant spread (ft) = cu ft of TRV/acre. early season operations is a good time to calibrate. Be
sure all fittings are tight and that there are no leaks.
Take the nozzles apart, clean them, and check for
worn nozzle tips.
9
Using wettable powder sprays enlarges nozzle Step 2. Record the sprayer inputs.
openings, so calibrating each nozzle is essential. Start Your Figures Example
the season with a calibrated sprayer, and depending on Nozzle type on your sprayer 110˚ 04 flat
the number of gallons sprayed, calibrate the sprayer (all nozzles should be
identical) fan
again according to intervals specified in the owner’s
manual (or no later than halfway through the spray Recommended application
volume 20 GPA
season). Follow the procedure below to calibrate a (from manufacturer’s label)
single nozzle boom sprayer. Measured sprayer speed 3 mph
Step 1. Check your tractor/sprayer speed. Nozzle spacing/band width 20 inches
(in inches)
Attach the sprayer to your tractor and make test runs
to determine the tractor speeds (mph) in different Step 3. Calculate the required nozzle output.
gears. Run the tractor at PTO speed as you will when
Formula
operating the sprayer. Travel a test course and record
time needed to travel a measured distance. Run the GPA x MPH x W
GPM (per nozzle) =
test on the same type surface in the planting (for 5,940 (constant)
example, sod, not pavement or gravel) Where
Formula GPM=required output per nozzle in gallons per
feet traveled 60 minute.
MPH = X GPA=desired total carrier volume in gallons per
seconds 88
Your tractor sprayer speed acre.
ft traveled 60 MPH=desired ground speed in miles per hour.
MPH = X = W=inches between nozzles (or band width if
seconds 88
making band applications).
Note: The recommended tractor speed for most
applications with single nozzle boom sprayers is 2-3 Example
mph. Traveling faster may lead to poor coverage.
A convenient method is to set up a course that is 20 GPA x 3 MPH
1,200
in multiples of 88 feet (88 feet per minute=1 mile GPM = x 20 in = = 0.20 GPM
per hour). Set markers at 176 feet or 264 feet to 5940 5,940
correspond to 2 mph and 3 mph when the tractor speed Your figures
is adjusted (gear and rpm) to cover the distance in 60
seconds (1 minute).
GPM = = = ___ GPM
5,940 5,940
Approximate Dilutions for Small Volumes of Spray Mixes

Equivalent rates for different quantities of water
Formulation 100 gallons 5 gallons 3 gallons 1 gallon
5 pounds 15 tablespoons 9 tablespoons 3 tablespoons
4 pounds 13 tablespoons 8 tablespoons 8 teaspoons
Wettable Powder, 3 pounds 10 tablespoons 6 tablespoons 2 tablespoons
Dry Flowable, etc. 2 pounds 8 tablespoons 4 tablespoons 4 teaspoons
1 pound 3 tablespoons 6 teaspoons 2 teaspoons
1/2 pound (8 oz) 5 teaspoons 1 tablespoon 1 teaspoon
5 gallons 1 quart 1 1/4 pints 13 tablespoons
4 gallons 1 1/2 pints 1 pint 10 tablespoons
Emulsifiable 3 gallons 1 1/4 pints 3/4 pint 8 tablespoons
Concentrate, 2 gallons 3/4 pint 1/2 pint 5 tablespoons
Liquid 1 gallon 1/2 pint 8 tablespoons 3 tablespoons
1 quart 3 tablespoons 2 tablespoons 2 teaspoons
1 pint 5 teaspoons 1 tablespoon 1 teaspoon
10
Step 4. Operate the sprayer. determine the travel speed, load the sprayer with
Set the correct pressure at the gauge using the pressure clear water and make a test run in the vineyard.
regulating valve. Note that recommendations for flat Always make the test run in the vineyard or on similar
fan nozzles are 15-30 psi (not more than 40 psi for ground as tractor speed changes dramatically from
spraying weeds). soft to firm surfaces. Set the tractor throttle at a level
sufficient to operate the sprayer (pto speed) and
Collect and measure the output of each nozzle for one select an appropriate gear. Remember or mark these
minute. settings. Speed can be calculated by measuring the
The output of each nozzle should be the time required to travel any measured distance. A good
approximately the same as calculated in Step 3 above. conversion factor to remember is that 1 mph=88 feet/
Remember there are 128 fluid ounces in one gallon. If min. A convenient test length is 176 feet because it is
you calculate the output at 0.20 GPM, multiply 0.20 a multiple (2x) of 88. The following formula can be
by 128, which equals 25.6 fluid ounces in one minute. used to determine travel speed:
If the nozzle output is slightly off from what you Speed (mph) = distance (ft) x 60
want, change the pressure. If the nozzle output is
significantly off, change the speed or nozzle size. time (sec) x 88
Compare nozzle output on multiple nozzle booms. For example, if it requires 60 seconds to travel a
Replace all nozzle tips that are more than 10 percent measured distance of 176 feet, the travel speed is:
inaccurate. A satisfactory spray pattern can be 176 x 60 10,560
achieved only if the output from individual nozzles mph = = = 2 mph
60 x 88 5,280
does not differ more than 10 percent.
Determining Nozzle Flow Rate
Calibration of Air-blast Sprayers To select the correct nozzle and whirlplate sizes, the
Accurate calibration is the only way to ensure that a total gallons per minute (gpm) of output for each
sprayer is applying the intended amount of chemical. particular application must be determined.
The operator must know the amount of water that
will be applied per unit of area in order to make a To determine gpm, it is necessary to know the travel
proper spray mix. Failure to calibrate a sprayer can speed of the sprayer (mph), the gallons per acre (gpa)
result in crop injury, creation of a hazardous situation, to be applied, and the spacing (W) between the rows
and wasted money. Frequent calibration identifies of plants. Once these three variables are measured or
worn nozzles and keeps the operator aware of factors selected, a simple equation can be used to calculate
affecting application rate, such as travel speed, the gpm. This equation is for one side of the sprayer
pressure, and type of nozzle in use. manifold only. Double the calculated answer if both
sides of the sprayer are to be used. Once the nozzle
Precalibration Check and whirlplate combinations are determined, place the
Before calibrating, check the sprayer carefully. Be same size nozzles and whirlplates in both sides of the
sure the nozzle tips are clean. Replace all worn or sprayer if both sides are to be used.
damaged nozzles. Check all hoses and fittings for Step 1. Calculate the total gpm required per side:
leaks and aging. Make sure the pressure is constant
and the tank is free of dirt and debris. gpa x mph x W
gpm (per side) =
1,000
Determining Sprayer Speed
gpm = gallons per minute (per side)
The rate of travel needed for proper distribution of gpa = gallons per acre
spray within the canopy can be determined by trial mph = speed (in miles per hour )
by placing water sensitive spray paper at various W = spacing between rows (in feet)
locations within the trellis. For proper pesticide
application, the air within the canopy must be Example: You have decided to apply 70 gpa while
completely replaced with spray-laden air from the traveling 2 mph, and the rows are spaced 10 feet apart.
sprayer. In general, a travel speed of 1 to 3 miles per What is the gpm per side?
hour has proved satisfactory, depending on the size
and density of the canopy, and capacity of the sprayer. 70 x 2 x 10 1,400
gpm = = = 1.4 gpm
Before a sprayer can be calibrated, the travel speed 1,000 1,000
must be determined in miles per hour (mph). To
11
Step 2. Select the correct nozzle-whirlplate Repeat these calibration procedures whenever
combination and operating pressure. Air-blast sprayers changes are made in the speed, gallons per acre, or
normally use disk-core-type cone spray tips. The row spacing. Periodically check the output from
correct size nozzles and whirlplates can be selected the nozzles during the spraying season. Remember,
by using a table, which indicates the nozzle size and the effectiveness of the spray material is directly
gallons per minute output at various pressures using dependent on your skill as an operator.
specific whirlplates. These tables can be found in the Field test to confirm calculations:
sprayer manufacturer’s literature or in nozzle catalogs.
gal. sprayed x 43,560 ft2
Nozzles in the sprayer manifold should be arranged gpa (gallons per acre) =
distance traveled (ft.)
so approximately 2/3 of the total flow comes from
nozzles in the upper half of the manifold, and 1/3 of Example: A field test is run in which 10 rows, each
the total flow comes from nozzles in the lower half. 200 feet long, were sprayed. Row spacing was 10 feet.
Adjust nozzles this way to provide uniform coverage It took 35 gallons to refill the sprayer to the original
throughout the canopy. It should provide adequate level. What was the gpa?
penetration to the top and center of the canopy while 35 gal x 43,560 ft2
= 76 gpa
avoiding excess application in the lower outside areas. 2,000 ft x 10 ft
Step 3. Install the nozzles in their proper outlets.
Inspect and clean all nozzles and outlets and
Spray Water pH
Several pesticides break down rapidly in alkaline
determine that the sprayer is operating correctly.
water. In a matter of hours (or, in extreme instances,
Nozzles are a very important part of the sprayer; if any
only minutes), 50% or more of the active ingredient
defects or wear are showing in the nozzles, replace
may be hydrolyzed to yield a less active compound.
them.
Captan, Cygon, Imidan, Kelthane, Malathion, and
Step 4. Measure the total gpm from all the nozzles Omite are examples of compounds that are especially
selected in Step 2. Fill the sprayer tank at least half vulnerable to alkaline hydrolysis.
full. Prime the sprayer system and check all the
Both well and pond water in the Midwest tend to be
nozzles to make sure none are clogged or partially
alkaline (pH above 7.0). To ensure the maximum
clogged. Record the exact level of water in the spray
effectiveness of pesticide applications, check the pH
tank. Bring the sprayer up to the desired pressure and
of spray mixes in the spray tank and add buffering
turn the nozzles on. Use a stopwatch to record how
agents if necessary to adjust the pH to neutral (7.0).
long the sprayer is running. The sprayer should be
Buffering agents include Buffercide, Buffer-X,
operated for at least three minutes. Record the new
Unifilm B, and LI 700 Acidiphactant. Granulated
level in the tank or measure the amount of water
food grade citric acid may be the most convenient and
needed to refill the tank to the original level.
inexpensive acidifying material. Two ounces per 100
Example: The spray tank is filled to the 100-gallon gallons has been shown to reduce the pH of tap water
level. It was predetermined from the manufacturer’s from 8.3 to 5.4. Convenient granulated food grade
tables that the nozzles selected would give a total citric acid measures are:
output of 4 gpm. The sprayer was operated for
per 100 gal 1/4 cup, slightly rounded
five minutes at 150 psi on the gauge. After the five
per 300 gal 3/4 cup, rounded
minutes, the sight gauge read 75 gals. The actual
per 500 gal 1 1/3 cups
output was:
Granulated food grade citric acid is available in
100 gals (start) - 75 gals (stop) = 25 gal per 5 min =
50-pound bags from suppliers that handle food grade
5 gpm
chemicals. Do not try to acidify solutions containing
The theoretical output from table information, Bordeaux mixture, fixed copper, or other copper
however, was 4 gpm. compounds.
When actual output differs from the calculated output,
make adjustments by changing the pressure (when Spray Adjuvants
the difference is small) or changing the nozzle sizes Several types of additives are available to improve
(when the difference is large). Experiment with the the effectiveness of spray applications. Known
pressure to see if the output can be fine tuned. Refer collectively as adjuvants, they include:
to manufacturer’s tables for recommended operating Activators increase a pesticide’s effect by increasing
pressures for nozzles. Never operate above or below the penetration of a spray solution through leaf hairs
recommended pressures. or a waxy cuticle and into a leaf or fruit.
12
Acidifiers lower the pH of alkaline spray water to materials should be used. For example, see the
reduce the potential breakdown of certain pesticides in recommended materials for control of Black rot,
the spray tank. Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, and Downy mildew
Buffers change the pH of spray water, then hold it at on page 17.
the desired degree of acidity. Mancozeb 75DF
or
De-Foamers, when added to the spray tank, break
Captan 50WP
down or prevent the formation of foam. or
Elasticizers or Drift Control Agents reduce the Ziram 76DF
breakup of spray droplets into very fine particles and or
thereby minimize drift. Abound 2.08F
or
Surfactants, Spreaders, and Wetting Agents are Sovran 50WG
different names for products that reduce the surface or
tension around a spray droplet, allowing it to spread Pristine 38WG
or
out more evenly on the surface of a leaf or fruit.
Quadris Top
CAUTION: Some surfactants used in combination or
with certain pesticides can function as activators, Revus Top
causing plant injury. Consult labels or chemical
suppliers for more information. In this list, the use of “or” means only one of the
Stickers cause a pesticide to stick to the surface after eight recommended materials should be applied at the
the spray dries, thereby reducing the potential for loss specified rates.
from rain or overhead irrigation. 2. “OR” is used to indicate a change to a
Spreader-Stickers is a term commonly misused when completely different group of fungicides options;
referring to a surfactant or spreader. A true spreader- “plus” indicates the use of two fungicides in a
sticker combines the characteristics of a surfactant tank mix where you select one fungicide from
with that of a sticker. above the plus and combine it with another
fungicide from below the plus. For example,
Caution: Do not use an adjuvant with any pesticide see the list of recommended materials below for
without first consulting the specific pesticide label. simultaneous control of Phomopsis cane and leaf
Improper selection or use can result in crop injury or spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, and
reduced effectiveness, particularly when adjuvants are black rot.
mixed with emulsifiable concentrates.
Mancozeb 75DF
Tips on Using This Spray Guide plus
This guide lists recommended materials for the Sulfur
common disease and insect pests of grapes and small or
fruit. These recommendations cover the various
options available to growers. Using all listed materials JMS Stylet oil
is not recommended. Rather, growers are advised to OR
appropriately use one or more of the various options. Balyeton 50WP
Growers should consult a text, such as the Midwest or
Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook (see inside Rally 40WSP
front cover) to gain a thorough understanding of each plus
pest and appropriate control measures.
Mancozeb 75DF
This spray guide lists pests, recommended control or
measures, and comments by growth stage through the
Captan 50WP
growing season. It is important that users understand
the material listings and the various uses of the word This means to use one of the two major options:
“or.” There are two uses of the word “or’ in this text,
1. The combination of mancozeb plus either sulfur
particularly in regard to fungicides for disease control:
or JMS Stylet oil.
1. “or” is italicized and placed below a material
OR
when different materials can be used to control
the same disease, but only one of the suggested 2. Either Bayleton or Rally plus either Mancozeb
or Captan.
13
The reasoning behind this recommendation (in the are associated with using copper or sulfur fungicides in
example above) is that in option 1, Mancozeb provides combination with, or relatively soon after applications
excellent control of Phomopsis, black rot, and downy of oils. These instances are fairly rare. Problems
mildew, but provides no control of powdery mildew. may occur when tank mixing products of different
Sulfur and JMS Stylet oil both provide excellent formulations, such as emulsifiable concentrates
control of powdery mildew. By combining Mancozeb and wettable powders. Most pesticide labels give
with sulfur or stylet oil, all of the major diseases are instructions on loading, tank mixes, etc., and we
controlled simultaneously (Phomopsis, powdery recommend that growers follow the label directions
mildew, downy mildew, and black rot.) In option 2, closely to avoid problems.
Bayleton and Rally both provide excellent control of Certain fungicides and insecticides may be phytotoxic
powdery mildew and black rot, but provide no control (cause foliar damage) to certain crops and/or varieties.
of Phomopsis or downy mildew. By combining For example, many grape varieties are sensitive to
Bayleton or Rally with Mancozeb or Captan, all of the sulfur or copper. Table 4 on page 36 lists variety
major diseases are controlled simultaneously. sensitivity to these materials. Additionally, some grape
Summary varieties are sensitive to endosulfan insecticide and
certain stobilurin fungicides, and some strawberry
Pesticide recommendations may seem confusing to the
varieties are sensitive to Sinbar herbicide. Always read
novice because there are so many options for materials
the comments associated with the materials in this
to use for certain diseases or insect pests. For this
guide.
reason, we strongly recommend that growers refer to
the Midwest Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook Pesticide choices can be limited by variety, disease or
(see front inside cover) to develop a thorough insect pressure and other factors. Grower preference,
understanding of pest management. With fungicides in experience with materials, and price often influence
particular, a single material may control one or more decisions as well. Pest management in small fruit crops
diseases, but not all. So, when several diseases are a is relatively easy so long as the grower understands the
threat, a combination of materials may be required for pests, critical periods for control, proper selection of
control. Additionally, insect pests may be a problem control materials, and proper application procedures.
at the same time, so insecticides may be needed. In
most cases, multiple fungicides and insecticides can be Always read the entire pesticide label. If you have
tank mixed together and applied at one time. In most any questions about the proper use of a pesticide,
cases there are no problems mixing materials, however, refer to other sources, such as the Midwest Small
certain materials are incompatible with each other. Fruit Pest Management Handbook. If you still have
Refer to the comments sections in this guide, and the questions, contact the manufacturer or your state
pesticide label for recommendations. Most problems Extension specialist for clarification.
14
Grape Spray Schedule
Note on Disease Control Recommendations
The following information is intended to provide general guidelines for use in developing a fungicide spray program for grapes in the Midwest.
This spray schedule presents various fungicide options that growers can consider.
The major grape diseases that generally require at least some fungicide application for control on an annual basis include black rot, powdery
mildew, downy mildew, and Phomopsis cane and leaf spot. Several recommendations in this guide include tank mixes of different fungicides that
are intended to provide a program that will control all of these diseases simultaneously. In some cases, recommendations for a single disease alone
are provided as well.
Growers who wish to make a fungicide application intended to control only one specific disease, can refer to Table 1, Effectiveness of Fungicides
for the Control of Grape Diseases on page 33 of this guide.
Please pay special attention to the notes and comments.
Dormant
Apply before buds swell.
Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments
Fungicide Resistance Alert: See note on page 32 on fungicide resistance development in powdery and
downy mildew.
Anthracnose Lime sulfur solution 10 gal This dormant application is aimed at reducing overwintering
or
inoculum on canes. See pages 28-29 for more information
Sulforix 1 gal on anthracnose.
Bud Swell
Apply just before buds show green.
European red
mite and/or Superior oil (70-sec.) 4 gal
scale insects
Grape scale Lorsban Advanced 1 qt
Scout at least weekly as bud swell occurs.
Baythroid XL (1EC) 2.4-3.2 fl oz
Danitol 2.4EC 5.3-10.7

fl oz
Flea beetle
adults Renounce 20WP 3-4 oz
2-5 fl oz; Use the low rate for foliar application; use the high rate for
Scorpion 35SL 9-10.5 fl oz soil application.
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 2 qt Other formulations may be available.
Scout at least weekly as bud swell occurs.

Same as for flea beetles above, or
Altacor 35WDG 3-4.5 oz
Baythroid XL 1EC 2.4-3.2 fl oz
Climbing Belt 4SC 3-4 fl oz
cutworms
10.7-21.3
Danitol 2.4EC fl oz
Delegate 25WG 3-5 oz
Lorsban 4E or Apply as a spray drench ground application. Do not use now
1 qt
Lorsban Advanced if Lorsban will be used later for root borer.
15
Grape (continued)
Bud Break to Bloom

Begin applications after ½-inch new shoot growth; repeat at 7-10 day intervals or according to label instructions
and environmental conditions for disease development.
On varieties highly susceptible to powdery mildew, a fungicide for powdery mildew control should be included
in these early sprays. Primary infections of powdery mildew can occur during this period.
Fungicide Resistance Alert: See note on page 32 on fungicide resistance development in powdery and downy
mildew.
Early sprays for Phomopsis cane and leaf spot are especially
critical. Mancozeb and Captan are both very effective for
control of Phomopsis. Mancozeb is sold under the trade names
Mancozeb 75DF 3 lb Dithane, Manzate, Penncozeb and others.
If black rot is a problem in the vineyard, Mancozeb would be
the fungicide of choice. Captan is less effective than Mancozeb
for black rot control. See Table 1, page 33.
plus
Sulfur See
or comments. Use sulfur with caution. See note on sulfur, page 30.
Do not use Captan or sulfur within 2 weeks of applying JMS

Stylet Oil, or stylet oil within 2 weeks of a Captan or sulfur
JMS Stylet Oil 1-2% conc. application. Mixing Captan or sulfur with oil can result in
severe vine damage.
OR
Bayleton is not recommended for control of powdery mildew
Bayleton 50WP 2-6 oz because of reduced efficacy. It is still effective against black
or rot.
Rally 40WSP 3-5 oz
or
Procure 50WS 4-8 oz
or
Elite 45DF is no longer sold. The active ingredient in Elite
was tebuconazole. There are several generic fungicides with
Black rot, Tebuzol 45DF 4 oz the same active ingredient (tebuconazole) — see Table 9 on
Phomopsis or page 59 for other fungicides with tebuconazole. Tebuzol 45DF
cane and leaf contains tebuconazole.
spot, Powdery
mildew, Downy Mettle 125ME 3-5 fl oz
mildew or
Inspire Super, Quadris Top, and Revus Top all contain
the active ingredient difenoconazole. All fungicides with
difenoconazole that are labeled for grapes have the following
precaution: “on V. labrusca, V. labrusca hybrids, and other
Inspire Super nonvinifera hybrids where sensitivity is not known, the use of
16-20 fl oz
or Inspire Super, Quadris Top, or Revus Top by itself or in tank
mixes with materials that may increase uptake (adjuvants,
foliar fertilizers) may result in leaf burning or other phytotoxic
effects.” The Revus Top label states that it cannot be used on
Concord, Concord Seedless, and Thomcord grapes.
Endura 70WG 4.5 oz
or
Quintec 2.08F 3-4 fl oz
or
See
Potassium salts See note on potassium salts, page 32.
comments.
plus
Mancozeb 75DF 3 lb
or
Captan 80WDG, Captan 4L, and Captec 4L are also available.
Captan 50WP The PHI on grapes is 0 days. The REI on grapes is 48 hours.
3 lb Always check the label on the Captan product you are using
or
for the PHI and REI.
Ziram 76DF 3-4 lb
16
Grape (continued)
Bud Break to Bloom (continued)

OR
Abound 2.08F 11-15.4 fl oz
or
See notes on Abound, Sovran, Flint, and Pristine, pages 30-31.
Sovran 50WG 3.2-6.4 oz
or
Do not apply Flint or Pristine to Concord or other American
Flint 50WG 1.5-4.0 oz type grapes as injury may occur. Flint is not recommended for
downy mildew control.
plus
Sulfur See
Black rot, or comments. Use sulfur with caution. See note on sulfur, page 30.
Phomopsis Endura 70WG
cane and leaf 4.5 oz
or
spot, Powdery
mildew, Downy Quintec 2.08F 3-4 fl oz
mildew or
(continued) See
comments.
OR
Pristine 38WG Do not apply Flint or Pristine to Concord or other American
8-12.5 oz type grapes as injury may occur.
or
Luna Privilege Black rot and Botrytis, only. Do not use on Concord or
6.84 fl oz
or Thompson Seedless. Wine grapes only.
Quadris Top
or 12-14 fl oz
See note for Inspire Super on page 16.
Revus Top 7 fl oz
Mancozeb 75DF 3-4 lb
or
Captan 50WP 3-4 lb
or
Ziram 76DF 3-4 lb
or
Black rot, Abound 2.08F
Phomopsis cane 11-15.4 fl oz See notes on Abound, Sovran, and Pristine, pages 30-31.
or
and leaf spot, Sovran 50WG
Downy mildew 3.2-6.4 oz
or
Pristine 38WG Do not apply Pristine to Concord or other American type
8-12.5 oz grapes as injury may occur.
or
Quadris Top 10-14 fl oz
or See note for Inspire Super on page 16.
Revus Top 7 fl oz
On varieties that are higly susceptible to powdery mildew, a fungicide for powdery mildew control should be
included in these early sprays. Primary infections of powdery mildew can occur during this period.
downy mildew.
Rally 40WSP 3-5 oz
or
Luna Privilege Black rot and Botrytis, only. Do not use on Concord or
2.4-6.84 fl oz Thompson Seedless. Wine grapes only.
or
Procure 50WS 4-8 oz
or
Powdery mildew Tebuzol 45DF 4 oz See note for Tebuzol on page 16.
or
Torino
3.4oz
or
Mettle 125ME 3-5 fl oz
or
or
Sovran 50WG See notes on Abound, Flint, Sovran and Pristine, pages 30-31.
3.2-6.4 oz
or
Flint 50WG 1.5-4.0 oz
Treatment options continued on next page.
17
Grape (continued)
Bud Break to Bloom (continued)

plus
Sulfur See Use sulfur with caution. See note on page 30. Do not use
or comments. Captan or sulfur within 2 weeks of applying JMS Stylet
Oil, or stylet oil within 2 weeks of a Captan or sulfur
JMS Stylet Oil application. Mixing Captan or sulfur with oil can result in
1-2% conc.
or severe vine damage.
or
Powdery Endura 70WG
mildew 4.5 oz
or
(continued)
See
comments.
OR
Pristine 38WG See notes on Abound, Flint, Sovran and Pristine,
8-12.5 oz
or pages 30-31.
Vivando 2.5F 10.3-15.4 fl oz
or
Torino 3.4 fl oz
downy mildew.
Ridomil Gold MZ See comments on the use of Ridomil for downy mildew
2.5 lb
or control, page 29.
Ridomil Gold Copper 2 lb
or
Phosphorous acid See See comments on use of phosphorous acid for downy
or comments. mildew control, page 29.
Mancozeb 75DF 3-4 lb
or
Captan 50WP 3-4 lb See note for Captan on page 16.
or
Ziram 76DF 3-4 lb
or
or
Sovran 50WG See comments on Abound, Sovran, and Pristine, pages 30-
3.2-6.4 oz 31. Do not apply Pristine on Concord or other American
Downy mildew or
type grapes as injury may occur.
Pristine 38WG 8-12.5 oz
or
Presidio 4L 3-4 fl oz
or
Revus 2.08L Adding a spreading/penetrating type of adjuvant (such as a
8 fl oz nonionic-based surfactant or crop oil concentrate or blend)
or is recommended.
Ranman 2.1-2.75 fl oz
or
Forum 6 oz
or
Reason
2.7 fl oz
or
Zampro
11-14 fl oz
or
See
Fixed Copper See comments on copper use, pages 31-32.
comments.
Flea beetle,
Climbing Same as for bud swell spray
cutworm
Admire Pro is soil-applied for systemic control. Use if there
is history of leaf galling. Apply from bud swell until the
Grape first expanded leaf to be sure the chemical is available as
Admire Pro (4.6F) 7-14 fl oz
phylloxera soon as roots begin taking up water, because it takes several
weeks for the chemical to get to the leaves.
18
Grape (continued)
Ten-inch Shoots
Apply when new shoots are about 10 inches long.
Flea beetle Same as for bud swell Flea beetle larvae may be present any time between 4- and
larvae spray 10-inch shoot growth and bloom.
Rose chafer may be present any time between 4- and 10-inch shoot growth and bloom.
Assail 30SG 2.5-5.3 oz
Rose chafer Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.33
fl oz
Imidan 70 WP 1.3-2.1 lb
Redbanded leafroller may be present any time between 4- and 10-inch shoot growth and bloom.
Belt 4 SC 3-4 fl oz
Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.33
fl oz
Redbanded Delegate 25 WG 3-5 oz
leafroller
Entrust 2SC 4-8 fl oz
Entrust 80WP 1.25-2.5 oz
Intrepid 2F 8-16 fl oz
Acramite 50 WS 0.75-1 lb
Apollo 1 SC 4-8 fl oz
Envidor 2SC 16-34 fl oz
European red Nexter 75WP 4.4-5.2 oz
mite (1-1.5 bags)
Onager 1EC 12-24 fl oz
Portal 0.4EC 2 pt
Zeal 72WP 2-3 oz
Grape
phylloxera (leaf Movento 2SC 6-8 fl oz See Movento label regarding adjuvants.
form)
Pre-bloom
Apply just before bloom.
Note on Critical Period for Disease Control: The period from immediate pre-bloom to four or five weeks
after bloom is the most critical period to control fruit infections by the black rot, powdery mildew, and downy
mildew pathogens. Fungicide protection during this period is critical. Research in New York has shown that
the fruit of most varieties is resistant to all three of these diseases by four weeks after bloom. Beyond four to
five weeks after bloom, black rot should no longer be a problem. Although fruit becomes resistant to powdery
and downy mildews, the cluster stems (rachis) and leaves remain susceptible. Therefore, fungicide protection
against powdery and downy mildews may be required throughout the growing season.
Flea beetle
larvae,
Rose chafer, *Pheromone traps for grape berry moth and redbanded
Same as for 10-inch
Redbanded leafroller will indicate if they are present and help
leafroller*, shoot spray determine the need for control.
Grape berry
moth*
Lorsban Advanced 1 qt Not a common pest in most of the Midwest. In southern
areas, flag scale-infested vines during dormant pruning.
In early May begin weekly inspections of flagged vines
Grape scale for scale crawlers. Lift live adult scale covers and look
Malathion 8F 1.88 pt for yellow moving crawlers (use a hand lens with 10x
magnification). Protect canes by applying sprays every 10
days as long as you see moving crawlers (2-3 week crawler
emergence period).
19
Grape (continued)
Pre-bloom (continued)
Control the root gall form of grape phylloxera by using rootstocks derived from American grapes.
Native American grapes (Eastern U.S.) are highly resistant to this pest. Since bees do not pollinate
grapes, there is no danger to bees at this time unless they are working on other blooming plants in the
area being sprayed. Mow before spraying to eliminate blooms on weeds.
Grape
phylloxera (leaf Assail 30SG 2.5-5.3 oz Apply at pre-bloom and repeat 10-14 days later.
form) 10.7-21.33
Danitol 2.4EC Apply at pre-bloom and repeat 10-14 days later.
fl oz
See Movento label regarding adjuvants. Allow 30 days

Movento 2SC 6-8 fl oz between applications.
Bloom
Apply when caps begin to fall.
Black rot,
Phomopsis If wet weather persists during bloom or if the interval
cane and leaf Same as bud break to between the pre-bloom and shatter spray is greater than
spot, Powdery bloom, see page 16 7-10 days, a fungicide application during bloom may be
mildew, Downy necessary.
mildew
Downy mildew Same as bud break to

bloom, see page 18
Powdery Same as bud break to

mildew bloom, see pages 17-18
Grape scale Same as pre-bloom,

see page 19
This spray is critical in vineyards or on varieties (especially French hybrids or Vinifera) where Botrytis
bunch rot has been a problem. See note on Botrytis bunch rot control on page 29.
Apply Topsin M at 1-1.5 lb/A at first bloom (no later than

Topsin M WSB 5% bloom), and repeat 14 days later if severe disease
1-1.5 lb
or conditions persist. Topsin M is also available in 70WDG
and 4.5 FL formulations.
Rovral may be applied at 1.5-2.0 lb/A four times: 1. Early
to midbloom; 2. Prior to bunch closing; 3. Beginning of
fruit ripening; 4. Prior to harvest if needed.
Rovral 50WP
1.5-2 lb Do not make more than 4 applications of Rovral per season.
or
Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. There are several
Botrytis bunch products that contain the same active ingredient: iprodione.
rot See Table 9 (page 59) for more information.
Vangard is registered for use at 10 oz/A when used alone,
or at 5-10 oz/A when used in a tank mix. Timing of
Vangard 75WG application is approximately the same as for Rovral. No
10 oz
or more than 20 oz of Vangard may be applied per acre per
crop season. Vangard cannot be applied within 7 days of
harvest.
Elevate may be applied at 1 lb/A and the timing of

application is approximately the same as Rovral and
Elevate 50WG
1 lb Vangard. No more than 3 lb of Elevate may be applied
or
per acre per season. Elevate can be applied up to, and
including, the day of harvest (0-day PHI).
20
Grape (continued)
Bloom (continued)

Scala is registered for use at 18 fl oz alone, or at 9 fl
Scala 5SC 18 fl oz
oz when used in a tank mix. Timing of application is
or
approximately the same as for Rovral.
Botrytis bunch Tavano
3.75-13 fl oz
rot or
(continued)
Switch is also registered for control of sour rot (caused by
a complex of organisms). Preharvest applications may be
Switch 62.5WG 11-14 oz beneficial for control of sour rot. See the label for additional
information.
Shatter
Apply when unfertilized berries fall from clusters, about 7-10 days after bloom or 7-10 days after last spray.

Black rot,
Phomopsis
cane and leaf Same as bud break to
spot, powdery bloom, see page 16
mildew, downy
mildew
Pheromone traps offer help in determining presence and timing of grape berry moth. Berry moth
emergence begins in late May and June; there may be three generations per year.
Avaunt 30WG 5-6 oz
Belay 2.13SC 6 fl oz
Belt 4SC 3-4 fl oz
Brigade 2EC 3.2-6.4 fl oz
Brigade WSB (10WP) 8-16 oz
See Table 11 on page 62 for a list of products that contain
Bt (Bacillus Bacillus thuringiensis. See individual product labels for
thuringiensis) rates and application details.
Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.33

Grape berry fl oz
moth Delegate 25WG 3-5 oz
Do not apply more than 3 sprays of Entrust in any 30-day
Entrust 80WP 1.25-2.5 oz period. Limit 7.5 oz Entrust per season.
See Table 10, pages 60-61 for restrictions on Entrust usage.
Imidan 70WP 1.3-2.1 lb
Apply Intrepid at initiation of egg hatch and 10-18 days
Intrepid 2F 8-16 fl oz later.
Isomate-GBM controls only grape berry moth. See

Isomate GBM 400 ties comments on mating disruption on page 28. This strategy
should be considered only for vineyards at least 2 acres in
size.
Renounce 20WP 3-4 oz
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 2 qt
21
Grape (continued)
Shatter (continued)
Occasional problems from grape rootworm (adult beetles) are also controlled by Sevin, Imidan,
Grape rootworm Danitol, Baythroid, Renounce, Capture, Brigade, Lannate, or Diazinon applied for berry moth control.
This is most likely as a perimeter problem, low in the canopy.
Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.33
fl oz
Rose chafer Pyganic 5%EC 5-18 fl oz
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1-2 qt Other formulations may be available.
Surround 95WP 25-50 lb Surround may leave residues on grapes.
Same as for rose chafer above, or:
Actara 25WDG 1.5-3.5 oz
Avaunt 30WG 3.5-6 oz
Aza-Direct 1-2 pt
Belay 2.13SC 2-4 fl oz
Japanese beetle Brigade 2EC 3.2-6.4 fl oz
Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.3
fl oz
Mustang Max 0.8EC 4 fl oz
Neemix 7-16 fl oz
Platinum 2SC 8-17 fl oz Soil-applied for systemic control.
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1-2 qt
Although adult moths are commonly caught in traps, the larvae of this pest are not common in grapes
in the Midwest.
Belt 4SC 3-4 fl oz
Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.33
fl oz
Redbanded Delegate 25WG 3-5 oz
leafroller Entrust 2SC 4-8 fl oz
Intrepid 2F 8-16 fl oz Intrepid should target small larvae.
Surround 95WP 12.5-50 lb Surround may leave residues on grapes at harvest.
Examining the undersides of grape leaves will indicate if leafhoppers are present.
Actara 25WG 1.5-3.5 oz
Admire Pro (4.6F) 7-14 fl oz Soil-applied for systemic control.
Admire Pro (4.6F) 1.0-1.4 fl oz Foliar application.
Agri-Mek 0.15EC 8-16 fl oz
Applaud 70DF 9-12 oz Applaud kills nymphs, not adults.
Leafhoppers
including Assail 30SG 2.5-5.3 oz
Sharpshooters Baythroid XL (1EC) 2.4-3.2 fl oz
2-4 fl oz; Use low rate for foliar applications; use high rate for soil
Belay 2.13SC 6-12 fl oz applications.
Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.33
fl oz
22
Grape (continued)
Shatter (continued)
5.2-10.67 oz
Nexter 75WP (1.5-3 bags)
Portal 0.4EC 1-2 pt
Pyganic 5%EC 4.5-18 fl oz
Leafhoppers
including Renounce 20WP 2-4 oz
Sharpshooters 2-5 fl oz; Use low rate for foliar applications; use high rate for soil
(continued) Scorpion 35SL 9-10.5 fl oz applications.
Surround may leave residues on grapes at harvest. Repeat
Surround 95WP 12.5-50 lb applications might be necessary.
1-3 oz; 5-6 Use low rate for foliar applications; use high rate for soil
Venom 70SG oz applications.
This pest is not common in the Midwest.
Actara 25WG 1.5-3.5 oz
Admire Pro (4.6F) 7-14 fl oz Soil-applied for systemic control.
Admire Pro (4.6F) 1.0-1.4 fl oz Foliar application.
Applaud 70DF 9-12 oz
Baythroid XL (1EC) 2.4-3.2 fl oz Crawlers only.
6 fl oz; 6-12 Use low rate for foliar applications; use high rate for soil
Belay 2.13SC fl oz applications.
Grape mealybug
Movento 2SC 6-8 fl oz See Movento label regarding postbloom.
Portal 0.4EC 2 pt
Renounce 20WP 3-4 oz Crawlers only.
2-5 fl oz; Use low rate for foliar applications; use high rate for soil
Scorpion 35SL 9-10.5 fl oz applications.
1-3 oz; 5-6 Use low rate for foliar applications; use high rate for soil
Venom 70SG oz applications.
Acramite 50WS 0.75-1.0 lb
Agri-Mek 0.15EC 8-16 fl oz With Agri-Mek, add a nonionic surfactant.
Apollo 1SC 4-8 fl oz
Envidor 2SC 16-18 fl oz
Kanemite 15SC 21-31 fl oz
Mites 4.4-10.67 oz Nexter controls European red mite at 4.4-5.2 oz/A, and
Nexter 75WP (1-3 bags) twospotted spider mite at 8.8-10.67 oz/A.
Onager 1EC 12-24 fl oz
Portal 0.4EC 2 pt
Zeal 72WP 2-3 oz
23
Grape (continued)
First Cover to Veraison (Berry coloring)

First cover applications should follow shatter by 7-10 days. Thereafter, sprays for disease control should be
applied every 10-14 days until veraison. If heavy rainfall occurs, the interval between sprays may need to be
shortened. Refer to label for application timing and harvest restrictions.
Important Note on Disease Control: After bloom, the threat of Phomopsis infection is greatly reduced.
Fruit remain susceptible to black rot, powdery mildew, and downy mildew until about 4-5 weeks after bloom.
It is critical to maintain a fungicide program that controls all three of these diseases until about 4-5 weeks
after bloom. At 4-5 weeks after bloom, the fruit should be resistant to black rot, powdery mildew, and downy
mildew; however, the leaves and rachises (cluster stems) remain susceptible to both powdery and downy
mildew for the rest of the season. Therefore fungicide protection against both powdery and downy mildew may
be required thoughout the growing season.

Bayleton 50WP
2-6 oz
or
Rally 40WSP
3-5 oz
or
Procure 50WS
4-8 oz
or
Tebuzol 45DF 4 oz See note for Tebuzol 45DF on page 16.

or
Mettle 125 ME
3-5 fl oz
or
Inspire Super 16-20 fl oz See note for Inspire Super on page 16.
plus
Mancozeb 75DF
4 lb Mancozeb cannot be applied within 66 days of harvest.
or
Captan 50WP
or
3-4 lb See note for Captan on page 16.
Black rot, Ridomil Gold MZ
2.5 lb Do not apply Ridomil Gold Copper within 42 days of harvest,
Downy mildew, or
or Ridomil Gold MZ within 66 days of harvest. Other
Powdery mildew Ridomil Gold Copper restrictions apply. Read the label for more information.
2 lb
or
Phosphorous acid
See comments. See notes on phosphorous acid, page 29.
or
Presidio 4L
3-4 fl oz
or
Adding a spreading/penetrating type of adjuvant (such as a
Revus 2.08L
8 fl oz nonionic-based surfactant or crop oil concentrate or blend) is
or
recommended.
Ranman
2.1-2.75 fl oz
or
Forum 6 oz
OR
Abound 2.08F
11-15.4 fl oz
or See notes on Abound, Sovran, Pristine, and Flint,
Sovran 50WG pages 30-31.
3.2-6.4 oz
or Flint is not recommended for control of downy mildew.
Flint 50WG 1.5-4.0 oz
plus
Sulfur
See comments. Use sulfur with caution. See note on page 30.
or
24
Grape (continued)
First Cover to Veraison (continued)

Do not use Captan or sulfur within 2 weeks of a stylet oil
JMS Stylet Oil application, or stylet oil within 2 weeks of a Captan or sulfur
1-2% conc.
or application. Mixing Captan or sulfur with oil can result in
severe damage to the vine.
Quintec 2.08F
3 4 fl oz
or
Endura 70WG
4.5 oz
or
Potassium salts
See comments. See note on potassium salts, page 32.
or
Vivando
10.3-15.4 fl oz
or
Black rot, Torino 3.4 fl oz
Downy mildew, OR
Powdery mildew
(continued) Pristine 38WG Do not apply Flint or Pristine to Concord or other American
8-12.5 oz
or type grapes as injury may occur.
Revus Top
7 fl oz
or See note for Inspire Super on page 16.

downy mildew.
Captan 50WP
or
3-4 lb See note for Captan on page 16.
Ziram 76DF
3-4 lb
or
Phosphorous acid
See comments. See note on phosphorous acid, page 29.
or
Presidio 4L
3-4 fl oz
or
Revus 2.08L
8 fl oz
or
Ranman
2.1-2.75 fl oz
or
Forum 6 oz
plus
Downy mildew, Sulfur
See comments. Use sulfur with caution. See note on page 30.
Powdery mildew or
Do not use Captan or sulfur within 2 weeks of a stylet oil
JMS Stylet Oil application, or stylet oil within 2 weeks of a Captan or sulfur
1-2%
or application. Mixing Captan or sulfur with oil can result in
severe damage to the vine.
Quintec 2.08F
3-4 fl oz
or
Endura 70WG
4.5 oz
or
Potassium salts
See comments. See note on potassium salts, page 32.
or
Vivando
10.3-15.4 fl oz
or
Torino 3.4 fl oz
OR
Pristine 38WG Do not apply Flint or Pristine to Concord or other American
8-12.5 oz
or type grapes as injury may occur.

25
Grape (continued)
First Cover to Veraison (continued)

Abound 2.08F 11-15.4 fl oz See notes on Abound, Sovran, and Pristine, pages 30-31.
or
Revus Top 7 fl oz
or
See note for Inspire Super on page 16.
or
Downy mildew,
Powdery Fixed copper fungicides provide excellent control of
mildew downy mildew, but only moderate to slight control of
(continued) black rot and powdery mildew. There are many fixed
copper fungicides labeled for use on grapes. The use of
Fixed copper See copper may result in damage to leaves and fruit, especially
comments. under cool temperatures and slow drying conditions. Some
varieties are more sensitive to copper damage than others.
See Table 4. Do not tank mix Rally, Bayleton, or Rubigan
with copper fungicides. Read all product labels.
Grape berry
moth, Grape
rootworm
(adults),
Leafhoppers,
Rose chafer, Same as shatter Rose chafer infestations usually subside by veraison.
Japanese beetle,
Redbanded
leafroller, Grape
mealybug,
Mites
Veraison to Harvest
Botrytis bunch See comments under bloom relative to use of Topsin M,

Same as bloom Rovral, Vangard, and Elevate on page 20 and comments
rot
on Botrytis bunch rot control, page 29.
Powdery Same as first cover to Do not apply sulfur or Captan within 30 days of harvest or
mildew, veraison. fermentation may be affected.
Downy mildew
As berries reach full size and sugar content starts to increase, they become resistant to infection
Black rot by the black rot fungus. Research in New York has demonstrated that berries of most varieties
become resistant to black rot infection by 4-5 weeks after bloom. Sprays for black rot should not
be needed at this time.
Grape berry
moth, Grape
rootworm, Continue to monitor for insect and mite pests, and
Japanese beetle, Same as shatter apply insecticide as needed. Refer to product labels for
Leafhopper, specific insects, rates, and harvest restrictions.
Redbanded
leafroller, Mites
In southern Midwest, apply in July when first beetles
enter the vineyard. Repeat sprays as needed (weekly).
Green June Other formulations may be available. Several
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 2 qt
Beetle insecticides listed for Japanese beetle control on page
22 — including Danitol and Brigade — also provide at
least some control of green June beetle.
Belay 2.13SC 4-6 fl oz
Stink bugs
Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.3 fl oz
Drosophila Delegate 25WG 3-5 oz
(also known as
fruit flies and Entrust 2SC 4-8 fl oz
vinegar flies), Entrust 80 WP 1.25-2.5 oz See Special Insect Pest Problems on page 63.
including
spotted wing Imidan 70WP 1.3-2.1 lb
Drosophila Malathion 8F 1.88 pt
Mustang Max 0.8EC 4.0 fl oz
26
Grape (continued)
Veraison to Harvest (continued)

Belay 2.13SC 2-4 fl oz See special comments on page 27. Scout vineyards
Scorpion 35SL 2-5 fl oz several days before harvest to determine the abundance
Multicolored of multicolor Asian lady beetle. Additional insecticides
Asian lady (including Baythroid, Renounce, and Mustang Max)
beetle Venom 70SG 1-3 oz have short preharvest intervals, and although not
labeled specifically for this pest, they have been
effective in trials and vineyard use.
Grape root
borer See control details, pages 27-28.
RESIDUE REMINDER: Wettable powder formulations may leave visible residues on fruit at harvest.
Post Harvest
In some years these diseases may cause defoliation well
before the onset of cool weather in the fall. Post-harvest
early defoliation predisposes the vines to winter injury
Downy mildew Same as earlier sprays. and reduces productivity for the following season. Thus,
and Check label for it is important to maintain at least some protection
Powdery specifics. against foliar infections by these fungi. Post-harvest
mildew rates for fungicides should be the same as pre-harvest
rates. Check the label for season limits on quantity of
product.
Special Comments on Grape Schedule

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug or Spotted Wing Drosophila
See notes on page 63.
Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle
The multicolored Asian lady beetle (MALB), a late-season vineyard inhabitant, can significantly reduce wine
quality. These lady beetles are attracted to ripening grapes as a source of sugars in late summer and fall. They may
congregate, often by the hundreds or thousands, in and among grape clusters from August through October.
Although they may cause direct yield loss, they more often reduce wine quality when sufficient numbers become
trapped in the harvested grapes and are crushed along with the grapes at the winery. The beetles secrete a defense
chemical when stressed, and this chemical causes wine to smell “dirty” (a musty, damp odor), masking the flavors
and smells of the grapes. As few as two beetles per lug of grapes can alter wine flavor and bouquet enough to
be detected. Excessive numbers of beetles in grape clusters are most common in late-ripening varieties such as
Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chambourcin, Riesling, Vidal, and Vignoles, but earlier grapes that are prone
to cracking can also be infested.
Scout vineyards several days before harvest to determine the abundance of multicolored Asian lady beetle. Belay
2.13SC, Clutch 50WG, Venom 70SG, and Scorpion 35S are labeled specifically for control of this insect in grapes.
Additional insecticides, including Baythroid, Renounce, and Mustang Max have short preharvest intervals and,
although they are not labeled specifically against MALB, they have been effective in trials and vineyard use.
Grape Root Borer
It is generally difficult to evaluate damage from the grape root borer. Injury is most often associated with a slow
decline of vineyards, when it can be associated at all. If grape root borer is not a problem, there is no reason to risk
destroying the natural control processes (predators, parasites, diseases). A pheromone lure is available that is very
effective for attracting grape root borer males. Traps should be set out in early June. If moths are detected, then
treatment is advised. If you believe that this insect is affecting your vineyard’s performance, you may wish to begin
the following program. Sampling is critical for several reasons:
1. The control program is relatively expensive.
2. Using insecticide can create, as well as solve, problems.
Immediately After Harvest
Sample — 10 vines/acre (but not less than 50 vines). Older vines are more likely to be infested.
Examine — A circular site (3 feet in diameter) around the base of each plant, concentrating on the inner 1 foot,
looking for shed pupal skins of the grape root borer moth. If pupal skins are found beneath 5% of the vines
examined, apply an insecticide next year.
27
Grape (continued)
35 Days Before Harvest the Next Season

If previous year’s sample indicates a need to spray, apply Lorsban 4E or Lorsban 75WG. The directions on the
Lorsban label are to use a rate of 4.5 pints of 4E or 3 pounds of 75 WG per 100 gallons of water. Apply 2 quarts
of this diluted spray mix to the soil surface on a 15 square foot area (4.4-foot circle) around the base of each vine.
Do not allow the spray to contact fruit or foliage. The pre-harvest restriction is 35 days. Only one applicaton of
Lorsban is allowed per year. Do not use for grape root borer control if Lorsban was already used pre-bloom for
cutworm control.
Grape Berry Moth-Mating Disruption Strategy
In addition to their use in traps for monitoring insects, pheromones may be used in mating disruption for direct
control of certain pests. For grape berry moth, a synthetic version of this insect’s mating pheromone is embedded
in plastic tubes that resemble “twist ties.” Where high numbers of these dispensers are used, the atmosphere of a
vineyard can contain enough artificial pheromone signals to prevent male moths from finding females and mating
with them. If females do not attract a mate, they cannot lay fertile eggs. Mating disruption works best if vineyards
are large enough to minimize edge effects and immigration of mated females from adjacent areas; a minimum
size for effectiveness is often estimated to be between 2 and 5 acres, but this varies according to a vineyard’s
shape and surroundings.
Isomate-GBM is the trade name for the plastic dispensers currently available; one distributor of mating disruption
products in the Midwest is Great Lakes IPM in Vestaburg, Michigan — (989) 268-5693. See product label for
rates and application timing recommendations.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose of grape can be very serious and requires special treatment for control. The disease appears to
be more common in the warmer, southern regions of the Midwest; however reports of the disease from more
northern areas are becoming more common. Where the disease becomes established, fungicides are required
to get it under control. Fungicide recommendations for anthracnose control consist of a dormant application of
liquid lime sulfur in early spring, followed by applications of foliar fungicides during the growing season.
Dormant Application of Liquid Lime Sulfur
Liquid lime sulfur is applied at the rate of 10 gallons per acre (this is probably the most important spray for
controlling the disease). At this rate, lime sulfur will burn green grape tissue so it should not be applied past bud
break. The dormant spray should be made in early spring just as buds swell. This high rate is intended to “burn
out” overwintering inoculum on infected canes. In vineyards where the disease has become a problem, this spray
has done a good job of getting it under control.
Foliar Fungicides
Very little data exists on the efficacy of foliar fungicides for anthracnose control. Foliar fungicides applied during
the growing season for the control of other diseases will provide some anthracnose control. Based on fungicide
evaluations conducted at Michigan State University by A. Schilder, fungicides such as Mancozeb, Captan,
Ziram, Sovran, and Pristine provide moderate to good control of anthracnose. The sterol-inhibiting fungicides
(Rally, Elite, Inspire Super, Adament, Mettle, Quadris Top and Revus Top) also appear to provide good control of
anthracnose.
Early season applications are important to keep the disease from getting established on new tissues. As leaves and
canes get mature (fully expanded) they become resistant to infection; however, new leaves and succulent cane tips
are susceptible throughout the season, and berries remain susceptible until veraison. Although some susceptible
tissue will be present later in the growing season, early season control is critical in managing the disease.
At present, mancozeb appears to be a good choice for early season anthracnose control. In addition to providing
some level of anthracnose control, it also provides excellent control of black rot, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot,
and downy mildew. It is important to remember that foliar fungicides will probably not provide satisfactory
control of anthracnose unless they are used in conjunction with the dormant application of lime sulfur. See Table
1 (Effectiveness of Fungicides for the Control of Grape Diseases) on page 33 for more information on the efficacy
of foliar fungicides for anthracnose control.
Grape Bitter Rot
Unlike black rot, which does not infect berries late in the season, bitter rot attacks only mature berries. Both
diseases result in black, shriveled (mummified) fruit, and some growers have mistaken bitter rot for black rot. A
28
Grape (continued)
Veraison to Harvest (continued)
“rule of thumb” is that if a rot resembling black rot develops on mature berries (8% sugar or above), the cause
is probably not black rot. This late season rot is likely to be bitter rot. The systemic FRAC 3 fungicides (Rally,
Bayleton, Tebuzol, Mettle, and Procure) are not effective against bitter rot (Table 1). If bitter rot is a problem, pre-
harvest applications of Captan may be beneficial. Observe all pre-harvest restrictions.
Botrytis Bunch Rot
Use Rovral 50WP at the rate of 1.5-2 lb/A, Vangard 75WG at 10 oz/A, or Elevate 50WG at 1 lb/A (see comments
on page 20). Botrytis bunch rot is most commonly a problem on tight-clustered French hybrid and Vitis vinifera
cultivars. Proper timing and thorough spray coverage are essential for good control. (See label directions on
timing applications.) Direct the spray toward the fruit, and use a minimum of 100 gal/A of water. Include a
spreader-sticker with Rovral, especially at the 1.5 lb rate.
NOTE: Growers in Europe and Canada have experienced loss of disease control due to the development of
fungicide resistance when more than three applications per year of Rovral were made over a period of 3 to
5 years. Vangard and Elevate are also at risk for fungicide resistance development. It is therefore strongly
recommended that Rovral, Elevate, and Vangard use be limited to a maximum of three applications per year to
reduce the probability of developing strains of Botrytis that are resistant to these materials. In addition, growers
should consider alternating applications of Rovral, Elevate, and Vangard during the growing season.
NOTE: Removal of leaves around clusters on mid- or low-wire cordon-trained vines before bunch closing has
been shown to reduce losses caused by Botrytis.
Downy Mildew
Ridomil Gold MZ and Ridomil Gold Copper
Ridomil is very effective for control of downy mildew on grapes but it has a long preharvest interval. The current
labels for Ridomil Gold MZ and Ridomil Gold Copper read as follows.
Ridomil Gold MZ: Apply 2.5 lb/A of Ridomil Gold MZ. Make up to four applications beginning before bloom;
do not apply within 66 days of harvest. For late season downy mildew control, apply other registered fungicides.
NOTE: Other restrictions also apply. Always read the label.
Ridomil Gold Copper: Apply 2 lb/A of Ridomil Gold Copper. Make up to four applications beginning before
bloom; do not make an application within 42 days of harvest.
For late season downy mildew control, apply other registered fungicides. NOTE: Always obtain and read the most
current label.
Phosphorous Acid Fungicides (Agri-Fos, Aliette, Legion, Phostrol, ProPhyt, Rampart, Topaz)
Several products containing phosphorous acid (phosphonates, phosphites) are sold as nutritional supplements
and “plant conditioners,” but a few products (Agri-Fos, Aliette, Legion, Phostrol, ProPhyt, Rampart, Topaz)
are registered for use as fungicides for downy mildew control on grape. These products have provided good
to excellent control of downy mildew but do not control other grape diseases. Phosphorous acid has been used
successfully for many years in Australia for downy mildew control on grape. Australian experience suggests
that these products provide most control on foliage when applied within a few days after the start of an infection
period, providing only a few days of additional residual (protective) activity. Experience in New York suggests
that spray timing is less critical for control of downy mildew on fruit, perhaps because this highly mobile
chemical (which is exempt from residue tolerances) accumulates in these organs. Usage rate recommendations
vary among different products. The products mentioned here have a 4-hour re-entry interval and a 0-day
preharvest interval. Obtain and read the label of each product prior to use.
Fungicides Recently Registered for Downy Mildew Control
Reason. Reason works like a strobilurin but is currently only labeled for grape downy mildew control, and is
FRAC code 11. Take care to not accidentally rotate this product with other FRAC code 11 fungicides such as
Abound, Sovran, Flint, Pristine, Quadris Top, or Quilt Excel.
Ranman 400SC. Ranman contains the active ingredient of cyazofamid and is a FRAC code 21 product, making
it an excellent rotation tool for downy mildew control. Do not make sequential applications of Ranman or other
fungicides in the same group. After one application, alternate Ranman with at least one application of a fungicide
that has a different mode of action.
Presidio. Presidio contains the active ingredient fluopicolide and is a FRAC code 43 product, providing another
option for downy mildew management. Presidio must be used in a tank mixture with a fungicide from a different
target site of action group that is registered for the same use and is effective against the pathogens of concern.
29
Grape (continued)
FRAC 40 Fungicides
Revus. Revus contains the active ingredient mandipropamid and is a FRAC 40 fungicide, and is formulated for
the control of downy mildews. Do not use with nonionic surfactants. Do not apply back-to-back applications
more than twice per season, or within 14 days of harvest (PHI).
Forum. Forum contains the active ingredient dimethomorph and is effective against downy mildew. Do not apply
in back-to-back applications, or with another FRAC code 40 fungicide. Do not apply within 28 days of harvest.
Zampro SC. Zampro is a premix that contains two active ingredients — ametoctradin (FRAC code 45) and
dimethomorph (FRAC Code 40) — providing two different modes of action for downy mildew. This premix
works best preventatively, and in rotation with other fungicides, having different modes of action (not FRAC
codes 40 or 45). To manage resistance, do not make more than two back-to-back applications, and do not apply
more than four applications per year.
Sulfur
There are many sulfur formulations labeled for use on grapes. Sulfur is available in dry flowable (DF) and
flowable (F) formulations, as well as wettable powders (WP) and dusts (D). The dry flowable and flowable
formulations greatly reduce the applicator’s exposure compared to wettable powders and dusts. Use rates are
different for different formulations. See labels for specific use rates. Some grape varieties, such as Concord
and other Labrusca (American) types, are extremely sensitive to sulfur. See Table 4. Do not apply when the
temperature during or immediately following application will exceed 85°F. Sulfur loses efficacy for powdery
mildew control at temperatures below 65°F.
Strobilurin Fungicides (FRAC code 11)
Abound Flowable (2.08F)
Abound (FRAC code 11) is in the same general class of chemistry as Sovran and Flint (strobilurin) and is
registered for control of black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, and Phomopsis cane and leaf spot. Abound is
excellent for control of black rot and downy mildew, and provides good control of powdery mildew. None of the
strobilurins (Abound, Flint, or Sovran) are highly effective for control of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot. Abound
is recommended at the rate of 11-15.4 fl oz/A. In university tests, the rate of 11-12 fl oz provided good control of
the diseases mentioned above. NOTE: Abound Flowable is very phytotoxic to apples of the variety McIntosh or
varieties related to McIntosh. Do not use the same sprayer to apply Abound to grapes that will be used to apply
other materials to apples. Do not allow spray to drift from grapes to apples.
Sovran 50WG
Sovran 50WG is in the same general class of chemistry as Abound and Flint (strobilurin). It is registered for
control of black rot, powdery mildew, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, and downy mildew. The Sovran label gives
different use rates for control of different diseases. For black rot, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, and powdery
mildew the rate is 3.2-4.8 oz/A; and for downy mildew the rate is 4.0-6.4 oz/A. Sovran is excellent for control of
black rot and powdery mildew, but is less effective than Abound for downy mildew control, and is therefore not
recommended. Under heavy disease pressure, Sovran may not provide adequate control of downy mildew even at
the higher rate.
Unlike Abound, Sovran is not phytotoxic on certain apple varieties, but is on some cherry varieties. Sovran has a
14-day PHI. See label for further information and certain use restrictions.
Flint 50WG
Flint 50WG is in the same general class of chemistry as Abound and Sovran. It is registered for control of black
rot and powdery mildew, and suppression of downy mildew. Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is not listed on the
Flint label. The Flint label provides different use rates for control of different diseases. For powdery mildew
the rate is 1.5-2.0 oz/A; for black rot the rate is 2.0 oz/A and for downy mildew the rate is 4.0 oz/A. Flint is
excellent for control of black rot and powdery mildew, but is not highly effective against downy mildew, and is
not recommended for control of downy mildew. Unlike Abound, Flint is not phytotoxic to certain apple varieties;
however, Flint is very phytotoxic to Concord grapes. The label states, “Do not apply Flint to Concord grapes or
crop injury may occur.” See label for further information and certain use restrictions.
Pristine 38WDG
Pristine 38WDG contains a combination of two active ingredients (pyraclostrobin, 12.8% and boscalid 25.2%).
Pyraclostrobin is in the same general class of chemistry as Abound, Sovran, and Flint (strobilurin). Boscalid is a
30
Grape (continued)
new class of chemistry with excellent activity against powdery mildew and good activity against Botrytis, and is
in the same class as Endura, and Fontelis. With increasing resistance in powdery mildew to the sterol-inhibiting
fungicides (Rally, Rubigan, Procure, Elite, Mettle, Inspire Super) and the strobilurin fungicides (Abound,
Sovran, and Flint), the addition of a new powdery mildew fungicide (boscalid) is timely. Pristine is registered
for control of anthracnose, black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, and Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, and
“suppression only” of Botrytis gray mold. Pristine is registered for use at the rates of 8-12.5 oz/A. A maximum of
five applications may be made per season. Pristine has a 14-day preharvest interval. The restricted entry interval
(REI) for Pristine is 12 hours for all crop uses except when performing cane tying, cane turning, or cane girdling
on grapes. The REI is 5 days for treated grapes when conducting cane tying, cane turning, and cane girdling. The
label also states, “Do not use on Concord, Worden, Fredonia, or related varieties due to possible foliar injury.”
Experience in New York suggests that Corot noir and Noiret may also be sensitive to Pristine.
Resistance Management for Strobilurin Fungicides
Do not apply more than two sequential sprays of Abound, Sovran, Flint, or Pristine before alternating with a
fungicide that has a different mode of action. For wine and table grapes, do not make more than four applications
of a strobilurin fungicide per acre per year. For all other types of grapes, do not make more than three applications
of a strobilurin fungicide per acre per year. Always read the label.
SDHI Fungicides
Luna Privilege. Luna Privilege contains the active ingredient fluopyram and is a FRAC code 7 fungicide labeled
for use on wine grapes for the control of powdery mildew, bunch rot, and black rot. Take care to not rotate
immediately before or after Fontelis or Endura. Do not apply more than 13.7 fl oz of Luna Privilege acre per
season, and do not apply within 7 days of harvest.
Endura. Endura contains only the boscalid component of the fungicide Pristine. It is FRAC code 7 and is labeled
for the control of botrytis and powdery mildew. It has a 14-day PHI.
Other Fungicides
Tavano SC. Tavano SC (active ingredient polyoxin D) is labeled for control of pathogens that infect grapes,
strawberries, blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, and other small fruit. Tavano is exempt from the requirement
for residue tolerance, so it can be applied up to and including the day of harvest. FRAC Code 19.
Fungicides Specific for Powdery Mildew
Torino. Torino contains the active ingredient cyflufenamid, which has a unique mode of action (FRAC code U6).
Torino is highly effective in controlling powdery mildew and exhibits no cross-resistance with other fungicide
classes, including aminopyrimidines, DMIs, strobilurins, morpholines, anilinopyrimidines, and MBCs. Do not
make more than two applications per year. Do not apply more than once every 14 days. Do not exceed a total of
0.044 lb active ingredient (3.4 oz product/A X 2 applications) per acre per year. Do not apply within three days of
harvest.
Copper Fungicides for Grape Disease Control
When different formulations of copper are dissolved in water, copper ions are released into solution. These
copper ions are toxic to fungi and bacteria because of their ability to destroy proteins. However, the use of copper
fungicides carries the risk of injuring foliage and fruit of most crops. Factors promoting this injury include: (1)
the amount of actual copper applied, and (2) cold, wet weather (slow drying conditions) that apparently increases
the availability of copper ions and, thus, increases the risk of plant injury. Because of the potential to injure pants
and to accumulate in soil, the use of copper fungicides in conventional production systems has largely been
replaced with conventional fungicides that are generally safer to plant tissues and often more effective.
Several terms are used when discussing copper as a fungicide. The original material used was copper sulfate (also
known as blue vitriol or bluestone). When this material was combined with lime in the French vineyards, the
combination became known as Bordeaux mixture.
Bordeaux Mixture
Bordeaux mixture is a mixture of copper sulfate and hydrated lime in water. It has long residual action and has
been used for years to control many diseases, including downy mildew and powdery mildew of grape. It can be
made (mixed) on site by combining copper sulfate with spray grade lime. It is also commercially available as a
dry wettable powder.
Fixed Copper Fungicides
Following the discovery and use of Bordeaux mixture, several relatively insoluble copper compounds or
fixed coppers were developed. Fixed copper formulations release copper ions more slowly and are generally
31
Grape (continued)
less injurious to plant tissues (safer to use) than Bordeaux mixture, but their use is still limited because of their
potential to injure plants and lack of compatibility with other pesticides. Some of the more common commercial
formulations of fixed copper include:
Basic copper sulfate: Griffin Basicop, Basic Copper “53,” Micro Flo Cuproxat, Tennessee Brand Tri-Basic Copper
Sulfate, Tenn-Cop 5E, and Cuprofix Ultra 40DF.
Copper (Cupric) hydroxide: Agtrol Champion WP, Agtrol Champ flowable, Agtrol Champ 2F, Kocide 101, Kocide
3000DF, Kocide 2000D, Microflo BlueShield WP, and Microflo BlueShield DF.
There are many other formulations of fixed copper registered for use on grapes. Always read the label for use
instructions.
Recommendations for Use of Copper Fungicides on Grapes
Copper fungicides are highly effective against downy mildew and are moderately effective against powdery
mildew. Copper fungicides are weak for controlling black rot, Botrytis bunch rot and Phomopsis cane and leaf spot.
The following recommendations are intended to reduce the risk of phytotoxicity when using copper:
1. Do not make a complete seasonlong spray program with any copper fungicide.
2. Use fungicides other than copper whenever possible.
3. When using copper fungicides, delay their use as late into the growing season as possible.
4. When using copper fungicides, avoid the use of copper sulfate alone. Always use a “fixed” copper formulation.
5. Use the full recommended rate of lime. Never eliminate the use of lime completely, unless the pesticide label
indicates that lime should not be used.
6. Remember that cool, wet weather enhances the risk of copper injury. Be especially certain to use adequate lime
levels during such periods or switch to other fungicides.
7. Make sure that any material you tank mix with copper is compatible. Many materials are incompatible (cannot be
tank-mixed) with copper.
8. Avoid copper and lime sprays on fruit destined for fresh market.
Important Note on Powdery Mildew and Downy Mildew Fungicide Resistance
Powdery Mildew
In some locations, the powdery mildew fungus has developed resistance to the sterol-inhibiting fungicides (Rally,
Tebuzol, Inspire Super, and Procure) and the strobilurin fungicides (Abound, Sovran, and Flint) and the pre-mixes
of these groups (Quadris Top, Quilt Excel, Adamant, Pristine). All of these materials were highly effective for
control of powdery mildew when they were first introduced. In the vineyards where these materials have been used
for several years, reduced sensitivity or resistance may be present. For this reason, it is recommended that these
materials not be used alone when powdery mildew needs to be controlled. In order to provide adequate control of
powdery mildew, they should be mixed with sulfur, JMS Stylet Oil, Quintec, Endura, Fontelis, Torino, Tavano,
or potassium salts. Pristine is a combination of a strobilurin fungicide plus Endura; therefore it can be used alone.
Sulfur is an inexpensive and very effective fungicide for powdery mildew control. On sulfur tolerant varieties, the
use of sulfur should be considered.
Downy Mildew
Strobilurin fungicides are locally systemic, and some have had good to excellent activity against downy mildew.
Abound, Flint, Sovran, Reason, and Pristine have provided excellent activity against downy mildew in the past;
however, reports from several areas in Europe and, most recently, from Virginia indicate that the downy mildew
fungus has developed resistance, or is at least less sensitive to, these strobilurin fungicides. Growers should
consider not using strobilurin fungicides alone for downy mildew control, and incorporate some of the newer
fungicides, like Ranman, Presidio, Revus and Zampro. If these products are used to control other diseases and
downy mildew control is also required, tank-mix strobilurins with another fungicide with activity against downy
mildew. See Table 1 for alternative fungicides for downy mildew control.
Potassium Salts for Powdery Mildew Control
Several potassium salt materials are currently registered for control of powdery mildew on grape. These include
Nutrol (monopotassium phosphate), Kaligreen, and Armicarb 100 (potassium bicarbonate). Several other products
may also be available. They provide moderate to good control of powdery mildew when applied to developing
powdery mildew colonies. They do not provide protectant activity, and they are not effective against the other grape
diseases caused by fungi. See label of each material for usage rates and other recommendations.
32
Grape (continued)
Table 1. Effectiveness of Fungicides for the Control of Grape Diseases

Phomopsis Black Downy Powdery Botrytis
Fungicide cane and leaf rot mildew mildew rot Bitter rot Anthracnose
spot
Abound1,2 + +++ +++ (FRP) +++ (FRP) ++ ? +++
Bayleton1 0 +++ 0 +++ (FRP) 0 ? ?
Captan +++ + +++ 0 + ++ ++
Elevate 0 0 0 0 +++ 0 ?
Endura 0 0 0 +++ ++ 0 +++
Ferbam + +++ + 0 0 ++ ?
Fixed copper and lime + + +++ ++ + + ?
Flint1,2
+ +++ + (FRP) +++ (FRP) ++ ? +++
Forum 0 0 +++ 0 0 0 0
Inspire Super 0 +++ 0 +++ +++ ? +++
Luna Privilege ? + 0 +++ ++ ? ?
JMS Stylet Oil 0 0 0 +++ 0 0 ?
Mancozeb +++ +++ +++ 0 0 ++ +++
Mettle 0 +++ 0 +++ (FRP) 0 ? +++
Potassium salts 0 0 0 ++ 0 0 ?
Phosphorous acid 0 0 +++ 0 0 0 ?
Presidio 0 0 +++ 0 0 0 0
Pristine2 ++ +++ +++ (FRP) +++ ++ ? +++
Procure1 0 ++ 0 +++ (FRP) 0 ? ?
Quadris Top + +++ +++ +++ ++ ? +++
Quintec 0 0 0 +++ 0 0 0
Rally1 0 +++ 0 +++ (FRP) 0 ? +++
Ranman 0 0 +++ 0 0 0 0
Reason ? ? ++ ? ? ? ?
Revus 0 0 +++ 0 0 0 0
Revus Top 0 +++ +++ +++ ? ? +++
Ridomil Gold MZ + ++ +++ 0 0 ++ ++
Ridomil Gold Copper + + +++ ++ + + 0
Rovral 0 0 0 0 +++ 0 ?
Scala 0 0 0 0 +++ 0 ?
Sovran 1,2
+ +++ ++ (FRP) +++ (FRP) ++ ? +++
Sulfur + 0 0 +++ 0 0 ?
Switch 0 0 0 0 ++ ? 0
Tavano ? ? ? +++ ++ ? ?
Tebuzol1 0 +++ 0 +++ (FRP) 0 ? +++
Topsin M3 ++ + 0 +++ ++ ++ +++
Torino 0 0 0 +++ 0 0 0
Vangard 0 0 0 0 +++ 0 ?
Vintage 0 +++ 0 +++ (FRP) 0 ? +++
Vivando 0 0 0 +++ 0 0 0
Zampro 0 0 +++ 0 0 0 0
Ziram ++ +++ ++ 0 0 ? ++
Key to ratings: +++=highly effective; ++=moderately effective; +=slightly effective; 0=not effective; ?=effectiveness unknown or not
established; FRP=Fungicide Resistance Possible. See Table 8 for FRAC codes and discussion of fungicide resistance.
1
These fungicides are not recommended for powdery mildew control if fungicide-resistant strains of the powdery mildew fungus are present
in your vineyard.
2
These fungicides are not recommended for downy mildew control if fungicide resistant strains of the downy mildew fungus are present in
your vineyard.
3
Where Topsin M-resistant strains of the powdery mildew and Botrytis fungi have been detected, Topsin M will be ineffective and should not
be used.
Note: The above ratings are intended to provide readers with an idea of relative effectiveness. They are based on published data and/or
field observations from various locations. Ratings could change based on varietal susceptibility and environmental conditions for disease
development.
33
Grape (continued)
Table 2. Leaf Wetness Duration-Temperature Combinations Necessary for Grape Foliar Infection by Black Rot
Temperature ºF Minimum Leaf Wetness Duration for Light Infection (hr)
50 24
55 12
60 9
65 8
70 7
75 7
80 6
85 9
90 12
Data represent a compilation from several experiments with the cultivars Concord, Catawba, Aurora, and Baco Noir.
Table 3. Effectiveness of Pesticides for Control of Grape Insects and Mites

Grape cane gallmaker
Eight spotted forester
Drosophila, Fruitflies
Redbanded leafroller
Multicolored Asian
Grape cane girdler,
Climbing cutworm
Grape berry moth
Grape phylloxera
Grape flea beetle
Grape root borer
Japanese beetle
Spotted wing
Spider mites
Leafhoppers
Rose chafer
lady beetle
(foliar)
Insecticides
Actara - - - - - - ++ - - - - -
Admire - - - - - ++ - + +++ ++ - + - +
Altacor - - +++ - - - - - - +++ - - -
Applaud - - - - - - - - ++ - - - - -
Assail - - - - - ++ - ++ +++ - - +++ - +
Baythroid,
Renounce - - +++ ++ ++ ++ - +++ ++ ++ - +++ - +++
(RUP)
Belay - - + - - - - + +++ +++ - - - -
Belt - - +++ - - - - - - - +++ - - -
Brigade - - ++ - ++ ++ - ++ ++ - - ++ - +++
(RUP)
Danitol - - +++ - - +++ - +++ ++ - - - ++ +++
(RUP)
Delegate, - - +++ - - - - - - - +++ - - +++
Radiant
Dibrom - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Entrust - - ++ - - - - - - - ++ - - ++
Imidan - - ++ - + - - ++ ++ - ++ ++ - ++
Intrepid - - +++ - - - - - - - ++ - - -
Lorsban
(RUP EC - - - - - - ++ - - - - - - -
only)
Malathion - - + - - - - ++ ++ - - ++ - ++
Movento - - - - - +++ - - - - - - - -
Table continued on next page.
34
Grape (continued)
Table 3. Effectiveness of Pesticides for Control of Grape Insects and Mites (continued)
Grape cane gallmaker

Eight spotted forester
Drosophila, Fruitflies
Redbanded leafroller
Multicolored Asian
Grape cane girdler,
Climbing cutworm
Grape berry moth
Grape phylloxera
Grape flea beetle
Grape root borer
Japanese beetle
Spotted wing
Spider mites
Leafhoppers
Rose chafer
lady beetle
(foliar)
Mustang
Max - - +++ ++ ++ ++ - +++ ++ ++ - +++ - +++
(RUP)
Sevin +++ +++ ++ - +++ - - +++ +++ - ++ +++ - +
Venom,
Scorpion - - + - - - - + ++ +++ - - - -
Miticides
Acramite - - - - - - - - - - - - ++ -
Agri-Mek - - - - - - - - + -- - - ++ -
(RUP)
Apollo - - - - - - - - - - - - +++ -
Dicofol - - - - - - - - - - - + -
Envidor - - - - - - - - - - - - +++ -
Kanemite - - - - - - - - - - - + -
Nexter - - - - - - - - ++ - - ++ -
Onager - - - - - - - - - - - - +++ -
Portal - - - - - - - - + - - +++ -
Vendex - - - - - - - - - - - - + -
(RUP)
Zeal - - - - - - - - - - - - +++ -
Key to ratings: +++=highly effective; ++=moderately effective; +=slightly effective; -=ineffective or not sufficient data.
35
Grape (continued)
Table 4. Relative Disease Susceptibility and Chemical Sensitivity among Grape Cultivars.
The relative ratings in this chart apply to an average growing season under conditions usually favorable for disease
development. Any given cultivar may be more or less severely affected depending on conditions.
Susceptible or Sensitive to
Anthracnose
Crown gall
Phomopsis
dicamba4
Black rot
Cultivar
Powdery
Copper2
Botrytis
mildew
mildew
Eutypa
Sulfur1
Downy
2,4-D4
Arandell + + + + ++ ? ? + ? ? ++ ?
Aromella + +++ + + ++ ? ? + ? ? +++ +++
Aurore +++ ++ ++ +++ + +++ ++ + No ++ ? ?
Baco Noir +++ + ++ ++ + ++ +++ + No ? ? ?
Brianna ? + ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? ++ +
Cabernet Franc +++ +++ +++ + ? ? +++ ++ No ? + +++
Cabernet
Sauvignon +++ +++ +++ + +++ +++ +++ ? No + + ?
Catawba +++ +++ ++ + +++ + + ++ No ++ ++ ++
Cayuga White + ++ + + ++ + ++ +++ No + + +++
Chambourcin +++ + +++ ++ + ? ++ + Yes ? +++ ++
Chancellor + +++ +++ + +++ + +++ ++ Yes +++ ++ ?
Chardonel ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ + No ? ++ +++
Chardonnay ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ No + ++ +++
Concord +++ + ++ + +++ +++ + + Yes + +++ ++
Corot noir + +++ + + ++ + + + No ? ++ +++
Cynthiana/Norton + ++ + + + ? + + Yes ? +++ +++
DeChaunac + ++ ++ + +++ +++ ++ ++ Yes + + ++
Delaware ++ +++3 ++ + +++ + + ++ No + +++ ?
Edelweiss ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ++ ?
Foch ++ + ++ + + +++ + ++ Yes Yes +++ +++
Fredonia ++ +++ ++ + +++ ? + +++ No ? ++ ++
Frontenac +++ + ++ ++ + ? ? + No ? + +++
Frontenac Gris ++ + ++ ++ + ? ? + No ? + +
Geneva Red + ++ ++ ++ + + + + No ? + +++
Gewürztraminer +++ +++ +++ +++ ? ? +++ +++ No + ? ?
Jupiter ++ +++ +++ + + ? ? + ? ? + ++
LaCrescent ++ +++ ++ + +++ + + + ? ? +++ +++
LaCrosse +++ ++ ++ +++ ++ ? ? + ? ? +++ +++
Lemberger +++ +++ +++ + ? +++ +++ ? No ? ++ ?
Leon Millot + ++ +++ + + + ? + Yes ? + ?
Marquette +++ + + +++ ? ? + ? ? ? +++ +
Marquis + +++ + + +++ ? ? +++ ? ? + ?
Mars + + + + + ? + + ? ? + +
Merlot ++ +++ +++ ++ + +++ +++ ++ No ++ ? ?
Moore’s
+++ + +++ ++ ? ++ ? ? No ? ? ?
Diamond
Niagara +++ +++ ++ + +++ + ++ ++ No + +++ ++
Noiret ++ ++ ++ + + ? ++ + No ? ++ +++
Pinot gris +++ +++ +++ ++ ? +++ +++ ? No ? ? ?
Pinot noir +++ +++ +++ +++ ? ? +++ ? No + ? ?
Reliance +++ +++ ++ + ++ ? ? +++ No + + ?
Riesling +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ +++ ? No + + ++
St. Croix ? ++ ++ ++ +++ ? ? + ? ? ++ ?
Seyval ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ + ++ + No + ++ +++
Steuben ++ + + + + ? + + No ? + ++
Sunbelt + ++ ++ + + ? ? + ? ? +++ ++
Traminette + ++ + + +++ ? ++ + No ? ++ ++
Valvin Muscat ++ + ++ + + ? + ? No ? +++ +
Vanessa +++ ++ ++ + + ? + ? ? ? + ?
Vidal blanc + ++ +++ + + + ++ +++ No ? ++ +++
Vignoles + ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ +++ No ? + +++
Key to ratings: +=slightly susceptible or sensitive; ++=moderately susceptible or sensitive; +++=highly susceptible or sensitive; No=not sensitive;
Yes=sensitive; ?=relative susceptibility or sensitivity not established.
1
Slight to moderate sulfur injury may occur even on tolerant cultivars when temperatures are 85°F or higher during, or immediately following, the
application.
2
Copper applied under cool, slow-drying conditions is likely to cause injury.
3
Berries not susceptible.
4
Herbicide sensitivity ratings based on observation and simulated drift studies in Indiana.
36
Blueberry
Blueberry Spray Schedule

Dormant
Apply as buds begin to break.
The lime sulfur label reads: Use 5-6 gal per 100-150
Lime sulfur solution See comments gal of spray per acre. Apply at delayed dormant stage
Phomopsis cane for rate. after leaf buds begin to break. Do not use within 14
and twig blight or days of an oil spray or when temperature is above 75˚F
as burning of foliage may occur.
Sulforix 1-2 gal
Ridomil Gold SL Ridomil Gold EC has been replaced by Ridomil
Phytophthora or See comments Gold SL.
root rot on page 41.
Phosphorous acid
Green Tip
Apply when leaf buds are showing 1/16-1/4 inch green tip.
Captan is also available as 80% WDG and Captec
Captan 50WP 4L. Note: The re-entry interval (REI) for Captan on
or 5 lb blueberry is 4 days. For the 80WDG formulation the
REI is 3 days.
Phomopsis stem Do not tank mix Captan with Diazinon.
canker and stem Fontelis
blight or 16-24 fl oz
Quilt Xcel 14-21 fl oz
or
Ziram 76DF 3 lb
Unless diseases (mummy berry, anthracnose, or stem canker) are or have been a problem, an intensive
fungicide spray program may not be required.
Captan 50WP 5 lb Captan provides protective control of stem canker and
or stem blight, anthracnose, and Phomopsis canker.
Mummy berry Fontelis
(shoot blight or 16-24 fl oz
phase) Ziram 76DF
or 3 lb
Indar 75WSP 2 oz Indar is also available in a flowable (2F) formulation.
or
Orbit 3.6L 6 fl oz
Pink Bud Stage and 25% Bloom

Apply when flower petals show pink and again at 25% bloom.
Captan 50WP Captan provides protective control of stem canker and
or 5 lb stem blight, anthracnose, and Phomopsis canker.
Ziram 76DF 3 lb
or
or
Orbit 3.6 L 6 oz
Mummy berry or
(blossom Fontelis 16-24 fl oz
or
infection),
Botrytis blight, Omega 500F 1.25 pt For management of Phomopsis twig blight and fruit
Phomopsis stem or rot, Anthracnose, and Botrytis fruit rot.
canker and stem Tavano 5%SC 16-24 fl oz
blight, or For management of Anthracnose and Botrytis blight.
Anthracnose Abound 2.08F 6.2-15.4 fl oz See note on Abound and Pristine on page 41. Do not
or tank mix Pristine with any fungicides, insecticides,
herbicides, adjuvants, nutrients, or any additives.
Mix Pristine only with water for applications to
Pristine 38WG 18.5-23 oz blueberry, raspberry, or blackberry. This information
or is on a supplemental label that must be in the user’s
possession at the time of application.
CaptEvate 68WDG 3.5-4.7 lb
37
Blueberry (continued)
Pink Bud Stage and 25% Bloom (continued)
Elevate 50WG 1.5 lb
or
Botrytis blight CaptEvate 68WDG 3.5-4.7 lb
or
Switch 62.5WG 11-14 oz See note on Switch on page 41.
Full Bloom to Early Petal Fall

Apply when all blossoms are open to when some petals begin to fall.
Captan 50WP 5 lb
or
Ziram 76DF 3 lb Do not apply Ziram more than 3 weeks after full bloom.
or
or
Mummy berry Orbit 3.6L
(blossom or 6 oz
infection), Abound 2.08F 6.2-15.4 fl oz See note on Abound and Pristine on page 41. Do not tank
or mix Pristine with any fungicides, insecticides, herbicides,
Botrytis blight,
Phomopsis stem adjuvants, nutrients, or any additives. Mix Pristine only with
canker and stem Pristine 38WG 18.5-23 oz water for applications to blueberry, raspberry, or blackberry.
or This information is on a supplemental label that must be in the
blight, user’s possession at the time of application.
Anthracnose Omega 500F For management of Phomopsis twig blight and fruit rot,
or 1.25 pt
Anthracnose, and Botrytis fruit rot.
Tavano 5%SC 16-24 fl oz For management of Anthracnose and Botrytis blight.
or
Elevate 50WG 1.5 lb
or
Botrytis blight or
Fontelis
16-24 fl oz
or
Switch 62.5WG 11-14 oz See note on Switch on page 41.
Cherry fruitworm control by conventional insecticides
starts at petal fall, but control by Intrepid must begin earlier.
Intrepid 2F 12-16 fl oz First application is best at 400 degree days (base 50) after
Cherry fruitworm biofix (sustained catch of moths in pheromone trap). Second
application at 100% petal fall.
Esteem 35WP 5 oz Apply Esteem when egg laying begins and again at petal fall.
Petal Fall
Apply when petals are falling.
Control cherry fruitworm at petal fall and 10 days later. Insect pests of blueberry are rare in much of the region;
scout before applying insecticides. Unneeded applications of insecticides can create problems where none existed.
Asana XL (0.66 EC) 4.8-9.6 fl oz
Avaunt 30WG 3.5-6 oz
Brigade WSB (10WP) 5.3-16 oz
See Table 11 on page 62 for a list of products that contain
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Bacillus thuringiensis; see individual product labels for rates
and application details.
Danitol 2.4EC 10.67-16 oz
Cherry fruitworm Delegate 25WG 3-6 oz
Diazinon AG600 12.75 fl oz
Entrust 80WP 1.25-2 oz Limit of 9 oz of Entrust per season.
Esteem 35WP 4-6 oz
Exirel 0.83SE 10-13 fl. oz
Imidan 70WP 1.3 lb
Intrepid 2F 10-16 fl oz
Knack 0.83EC 16 fl oz
Lannate LV 1.5-3 pt
Lannate SP 8-16 oz
Malathion 5EC 2 pt
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1.5-2 qt Other formulations may be available.
38
Blueberry
First and Second Cover

Apply first cover about 7-10 days after petal fall, and second cover about 10 days later.
Captan 50WP
5 lb Apply only if anthracnose or canker is a problem.
or
Abound 2.08F
6.2-15.4 fl oz See notes on Abound and Pristine and on Switch on
or
Anthracnose, Pristine 38WG page 41. Do not tank mix Pristine with any fungicides,
Phomopsis 18.5-23 oz insecticides, herbicides, adjuvants, nutrients, or any
or
stem canker additives. Mix Pristine only with water for applications
and stem blight to blueberry, raspberry, or blackberry. This information
Switch 62.5WG is on a supplemental label that must be in the user’s
11-14 oz
or possession at the time of application.
Control cherry fruitworm at petal fall and 10 days

Same as at petal fall for
later. Control cranberry fruitworm 10 days and 20 days
Cherry cherry fruitworm.
after petal fall.
fruitworm,
Cranberry
fruitworm
Rimon 0.83EC 20-30 fl oz Cranberry fruitworm only.
Plum curculio adults and larvae have not been observed to damage blueberries in the most southern
portions of the region.

Plum curculio Danitol 2.4EC 10.67-16 oz
Exirel 0.83SE 13.5-20.5 fl. oz
Imidan 70WP 1.3 lb
Surround 95WP 12.5-50 lb Surround may leave noticeable residues on berries.
Third and Additional Covers

Apply about 10 days after previous cover, repeat as needed. Be sure to check PHIs. See Tables 8 and 10.
Captan 50WP Apply only if these diseases are a problem. Observe
5 lb
or harvest restrictions.
Abound 2.08F
6.2-15.4 fl oz
or See notes on Abound and Pristine and on Switch on
Anthracnose,
Phomopsis Pristine 38WG page 41. Do not tank mix Pristine with any fungicides,
stem canker 18.5-23 oz insecticides, herbicides, adjuvants, nutrients, or any
or
and stem blight additives. Mix Pristine only with water for applications
to blueberry, raspberry, or blackberry. This information
is on a supplemental label that must be in the user’s
Switch 62.5WG 11-14 oz possession at the time of application.
39
Blueberry
Third and Additional Covers (continued)

Monitor for first emergence of blueberry maggot flies with traps. Emergence usually begins around July
1 in northern areas. Insecticide applications to protect berries may be needed until harvest. See product
labels for preharvest intervals and restrictions.
Blueberry maggot is not a common pest in the southern portion of the region.
Admire Pro (4.6F) 2.1-2.8 fl oz
Asana XL (0.66 EC) 9.6 fl oz
Blueberry Danitol 2.4EC 10.67-16 fl oz
maggot
Diazinon AG600 12.75 fl oz
Exirel 0.83SE 13.5-20.5 fl. oz
Imidan 70WP 1.3 lb
Lannate LV 12-24 fl oz
Lannate SP 4-8 oz
Malathion 8F 1.25 pt
Malathion 95ULV 10 fl oz
Rimon 0.83EC 20-30 fl oz
Actara 25WG 4 oz
Brown Danitol 2.4EC 10.67-16 fl oz
marmorated See Special Insect Pest Problems on page 63.
stink bug Lannate LV 2-3 pt
Lannate SP 2/3-1 lb
See Table 10 on pages 60-61 for pre-harvest intervals for insecticides listed below. See page 64 for
information on this pest.
Admire Pro (4.6F) 2.1-2.8 fl oz
Asana XL (0.66 EC) 4.8-9.6 fl oz
Aza-Direct 1-2 pt Aza-Direct acts as a repellent.
Danitol 2.4EC 10.67-16 fl oz
Imidan is moderately effective and may be used until 3
Imidan 70WP 1.3 lb
days before harvest.
Japanese beetle Malathion 5EC 1.5-2 pt
Neemix 4.5 7-16 fl oz Neem acts as a repellent.
Pyganic 1.4%EC 16-64 fl oz Pyganic and Neemix provide some short-term control
and may be applied until the day of harvest.
For control of Japanese beetles on fruit, Sevin is labeled
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1-2 qt and effective, but may not be used within 7 days of
harvest. Other formulations may be available.
Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-16 fl oz
Drosophila Entrust 2SC 4-6 fl oz
(also known
as fruit flies Exirel 0.83SE 13.5-20.5 fl. oz
and vinegar Entrust 80WP 1.25-2 oz See Special Insect Pest Problems on page 63.
flies), including
spotted wing Imidan 70W 1.33 lb
Drosophila Lannate LV 1.5-3 pt
Lannate SP 0.5-1 lb
Malathion 8F 1.25 pt
Mustang Max 0.8EC 4.0 fl. oz
40
Blueberry (continued)
Post Harvest
Phomopsis If canker is a problem, apply post-harvest
stem canker Captan 50WP 5 lb sprays at 4-6 week intervals until leaf drop in
and stem the fall.
blight
Special Comments on Blueberry Schedule

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug or Spotted Wing Drosophila
Phytophthora Root Rot
Ridomil Gold SL is labeled for control of Phytophthora root rot of blueberries when leaves are fully expanded.
The label reads: “Established plantings: Apply 3.6 pt/A in a 3-foot band over the row before the plants start
growth in the spring. One additional application may be made to coincide with periods most favorable for root rot
development. New plantings: Apply 3.6 pt/A at the time of planting.”
Several phosphorous acid fungicides are registered for control of Phytophthora root rot on blueberry. These
materials essentially all have the same active ingredient. Some of these products include Aliette, Agri-Fos,
ProPhyt, Phostrol, and Topaz. These materials are applied as foliar sprays. They are highly systemic and move
rapidly into leaves and are translocated downward in the plant to the crown and roots. Read labels for additional
information on use and restrictions.
Abound and Pristine

Abound 2.08F and Pristine 38WG fungicides are registered for use on blueberry. These fungicides belong to the
same group of fungicides called strobilurins, and are at risk for fungicide resistance development in pathogenic
fungi. No more than four applications of each fungicide may be made per season, and no more than two
sequential sprays of each fungicide should be made without switching to a different class of fungicide. Because
they are in the same class of chemistry, they cannot be alternated with each other as a fungicide resistance
management strategy. These are the materials of choice for control of anthracnose fruit rot on blueberry.
Alternating Abound or Pristine with Captan or Switch may aid in preventing fungicide resistance in the fungus
that causes anthracnose. See note about Pristine mixing instructions on page 37.
Switch 62.5WG
Switch is a combination of two active ingredients (cyprodinil and fludioxonil). It is a different class of chemistry
than the strobilurin fungicides (Abound and Pristine). It has excellent activity against Botrytis fruit rot and is
registered for control of mummy berry, Alternaria fruit rot, Phomopsis, and anthracnose. Its activity against
anthracnose makes it a good material to alternate with a strobilurin fungicide in a resistance management program
for anthracnose.
41
Raspberry and Blackberry Spray Schedule
Delayed Dormant
Apply when tips of buds show green.
This is a critical spray for good disease control. Be
Liquid lime-sulfur sure that all canes are completely covered by the
6-12 gal
Anthracnose, or fungicide. This spray may burn the leaves if applied
Spur blight after new shoots are 3/4-inch long.
(reds only), Sulforix
3 gal
Cane blight or
Copper hydroxide is available as Blueshield 50WP or
Copper hydroxide
4 lb Kocide 50WP. Both products have a 48-hour re-entry
50WP
interval.
Ridomil Gold SL Ridomil Gold EC has been replaced by Ridomil
Phytophthora or Gold SL. See comments on page 46 for application
root rot
Phosphorous acid information.
Apply insecticides after egg hatch in late October or early November or wait until late March. Apply
as a soil drench directed at the crown of the plants in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre prior to a
significant rainfall or irrigation.
Raspberry Altacor 35WG 3-4.5 oz
crown borer
Brigade 2EC 6.4 fl oz
Brigade WSB (19WP) 16 oz
Hero 1.24EC 10.3 fl oz
Rednecked See comments on page 46 about pruning to remove
cane borer last year’s galls.
Pre-bloom
Apply when flowers show white.
NOTE: Unless anthracnose, cane blight, or spur blight have been problems, fungicide applications
prior to bloom are probably not required. This is especially true if the delayed-dormant application of
lime-sulfur has been made.
Anthracnose, *See note on raspberry leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot on page 48.
Spur blight
(reds only), Captan 80WDG 2.5 lb See note on Captan on page 47.
Cane blight, or
*Raspberry leaf Cabrio 20EG 14 oz
spot, or
*Septoria leaf Abound 2.08F 6.2-15.4 fl oz See notes on Abound, Cabrio, and Pristine on pages
spot or 47-48. See note about Pristine mixing instructions on
Quilt Xcel 14-21 fl oz page 48. Quilt Xcel not labeled for spur blight.
or
Pristine 38WG 18.5-23 oz
Rust diseases *See note on raspberry leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot on page 48.
(orange rust The name for Nova has been changed to Rally. For
and late leaf Rally 40WSP late leaf rust and powdery mildew, begin applications
rust), 2.5 oz
or when disease first appears and repeat on a 10-14 day
Powdery schedule. For orange rust, see comments on page 47.
mildew,
Cabrio 20EG
*Raspberry leaf 14 oz
or See notes on Abound, Cabrio, and Pristine on pages
spot, Abound 2.08F
6.2-15.4 fl oz 47-48. See note about Pristine mixing instructions on
*Septoria leaf or page 48.
spot
Entrust 2SC 4-6 fl oz Early fruit is more seriously attacked than later fruit.
Raspberry
Check for feeding damage to spring leaves, buds, and
fruitworm Entrust 80WP 1.25-2 oz early summer fruit.
Pyganic 5%EC 4.5 18 fl oz
42
Raspberry & Blackberry (continued)
Pre-bloom (continued)
Begin checking for the first clipped buds when buds’ first flowers show white. If clipped buds are
Strawberry found, apply insecticide and repeat spray 10 days later if bud clipping continues.
clipper (bud
weevil) Actara 25WDG 3 oz
Not common pests.
Asana XL 4.8-9.6 fl oz
Aza-Direct 1-2 pt
See Table 11 for a list of products that contain Bacillus
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis; see individual product labels for rates
thuringiensis) and application details.
Confirm 2F 16 fl oz
Leafrollers Danitol 2.4EC 10.67-16 fl oz
Delegate should target eggs at hatching or small
larvae.
Entrust 80WP 1.25-2 oz
Neemix 0.5-2 gal
Not a common pest in most areas.
Rose chafer
Not a common pest.
Raspberry
sawfly
Entrust 80WP 1.25-2 oz
First Bloom through Petal Fall

Apply when first flowers open through when petals fall.
*See notes on raspberry leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot on page 48.
Make 3 fungicide applications during this period: apply the first as blooms begin to open, not later than
5% bloom; make the second at full bloom; and follow with a third as petals begin to fall.
Anthracnose,
Botrytis fruit Captan 80WDG
or 2.5 lb
rot, Spur blight
(reds only), Cabrio 20EG
Cane blight, or 14 oz
*Raspberry leaf Abound 2.08F
spot, or 6.2-15.4 fl oz
*Septoria leaf
spot Quilt Xcel 14-21 fl oz Not labeled for spur blight.
or
Pristine 38WG 18.5-23 oz See note about Pristine mixing instructions on page 48.
43
First Bloom through Petal Fall (continued)

*See notes on raspberry leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot on page 48.
Rust diseases The name for Nova has been changed to Rally. For late
(orange rust leaf rust and powdery mildew, begin applications when
Rally 40WSP 2.5 oz
and late leaf or disease first appears and repeat at 10-14 day schedule.
rust), For orange rust, see comments on page 47.
Powdery
Cabrio 20EG 14 oz
mildew, or
*Raspberry leaf Abound 2.08F
spot, or 6.2-15.4 fl oz
*Septoria leaf Quilt Xcel 14-21 fl oz
spot or
Rosette (double
See comments on page 46.
blossom)
Rovral 50WP See note on fungicide resistance management on
1-2 lb
or page 47.
Elevate 50WG
1.5 lb
or
CaptEvate 68WDG
Botrytis fruit 3.5 lb
or
rot (only)
Switch 62.5WG
11-14 oz
or
Tavano 5%SC 3.75-13 fl oz
or
Post-bloom through Harvest

Apply every 14 days after petal fall as needed.
Anthracnose, *See note on raspberry leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot on page 48.
Botrytis fruit Captan 80WDG
rot, or 2.5 lb See comments on Captan on pages 47.
Spur blight, CaptEvate 68WDG 3.5 lb CaptEvate has a preharvest interval (PHI) of 3 days.
Cane blight, or
*Raspberry leaf Cabrio 20EG 14 oz
spot, or
*Septoria leaf Abound 2.08F 6.2-15.4 fl oz
or
spot Pristine 38WG 18.5-23 oz
Rovral 50WP 1-2 lb
or
CaptEvate 68WDG 3.5 lb Rovral, CaptEvate, Elevate, Switch, and Pristine may
or be applied up to and including the day of harvest
Botrytis fruit rot Elevate 50WG 1.5 lb for Botrytis fruit rot control. See note about Pristine
(only) or mixing instructions on page 48.
Switch 62.5WG 11-14 oz
or
For late leaf rust and powdery mildew, begin
Rust diseases Rally 40WSP 2.5 oz applications when disease first appears and repeat on a
(orange rust or 10-14 day schedule. For orange rust, see comments on
page 47.
and late leaf
rust), Cabrio 20EG 14 oz
Powdery or
mildew Quilt Xcel 14-21 fl oz
or
Rednecked Soil applied for systemic control. Do not apply pre-
Admire Pro 10.5-14 fl oz bloom, during bloom, or when bees are foraging. See
cane borer comments on page 46.
44
Post-bloom through Harvest (continued)

Keep berries off the ground and ripe berries picked.
Establish bait buckets containing overripe fruit
between the berry planting and nearby wooded areas.
Bait buckets Empty bait buckets on a daily basis. Few insecticides
Sap beetles are registered for sap beetle control, and during
picking harvest restrictions practically rule out their
use.
Check preharvest intervals in Table 10 on pages 60-61.
Actara 25WB 4 oz
Aza-Direct 1-2 pt Aza-Direct acts as a repellent.
Japanese beetle Danitol 2.4EC 10.67-16 fl oz
and/or Green
June beetle Malathion 8F 2 pt
Neemix 4.5 7-16 fl oz Neem acts as a repellent.
Actara 25WB 3 oz
Tarnished plant Assail 30SG 4.5-5.3 oz
bug, Bifenture 2EC 6.4 fl oz Labeled for brown marmorated stink bug control.
stink bugs Pyganic 5%EC 4.5-18 fl oz
Thrips Entrust 80WP 1.25-2 oz
(including
Eastern flower Delegate 25WG 3-6 oz
thrips)
Acramite 50WS 0.75-1 lb
Mites Savey 50DF 4-6 oz
Zeal 72WP 2-3 oz
Drosophila Danitol 2.4EC 10.67-16 fl oz
(also known
as fruit flies Delegate 25WG 3-6 oz
and vinegar Entrust 2SC 4-6 fl oz See Special Insect Pest Problems on page 63.
flies), including Entrust 80WP 1.25-2 oz
spotted wing Malathion 8F 2.5 pt
Drosophila
Mustang Max 0.8EC 4.0 fl. oz
Post Harvest
For late leaf rust and powdery mildew, begin
Rally 40WSP applications when disease first appears and repeat on a
2.5 oz
or 10-14 day schedule. For orange rust, see comments on
page 47.
Rust diseases
(orange rust Orbit 3.6L 6 fl oz
and late leaf or
rust), Cabrio 20EG
Powdery or 14 oz
mildew, Abound 2.08F
*Raspberry leaf or 6.2-15.4 fl oz
spot, Quilt Xcel
*Septoria leaf or 14-21 fl oz
spot
*Post-harvest sprays are probably the most important for control of the leaf spot diseases. When
diseases are severe, most defoliation occurs post harvest.
45
Post Harvest (continued)

Apply insecticides after eggs hatch in late October or early November or wait until March. Apply as a
soil drench directed at the crown of plants in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre prior to a significant
rainfall or irrigation.
Raspberry
crown borer Altacor 35WG 3-4.5 oz
Brigade 2EC 6.4 fl oz
Brigade WSB (10WP) 16 oz
In exceptionally wet seasons, post-harvest fungicide applications may be required to protect first year canes from
anthracnose, spur blight, cane blight, and powdery mildew. A good spray program early in the season should help minimize
development of these diseases later in the season.
Special Comments on the Raspberry and Blackberry Schedule

Spotted Wing Drosophila
Tree Crickets and Periodical Cicadas
See notes on pages 63-64.
Raspberry Cane Maggot
The raspberry cane maggot causes wilted tips in May. Cut off wilted tips a few inches below the girdle when first
seen. Destroy the removed tips.
Rednecked Cane Borer
Scout for galls before or during the delayed dormant period. Prune out galled canes and burn, bury, or otherwise
destroy them to kill overwintered larvae. If more than 5 percent of all canes have galls, an insecticide application
immediately after bloom may be necessary. Adult emergence begins in May or June. Begin scouting plantings
during bloom by looking for adult beetles active during daylight hours. Begin insecticide application(s) after
bloom has ended and bees are no longer present. Apply Admire Pro via drip or trickle chemigation or in a soil
drench in a minimum of 500 gallons of water per acre. Do not apply pre-bloom or during bloom or when bees are
actively foraging.
Phytophthora Root Rot
Ridomil Gold SL is labeled for control of Phytophthora root rot on raspberries. The label reads: Apply 1/4 pt per
1,000 linear feet of row to the soil surface in a 3-foot band over the row. Make one application in the spring and
another in the fall after harvest. Ridomil Gold GR (granular) is also labeled on raspberry. Note: Do not apply
Ridomil within 45 days before harvest or illegal residues may result. See the label for more detailed information.
Several phosphorous acid products are registered for Phytophthora root rot control on brambles, and all of them
have essentially the same active ingredient. They are foliar applications that are highly systemic and move rapidly
into the leaves and are translocated downward in the plant to the crown and roots. These fungicides include
Agri-Fos, Aliette, ProPhyt, Phostrol, and Topaz. There are several other phosphite fungicides on the market,
and new ones continue to be introduced. Recommendations for use vary among products. See labels for use
recommendations.
Rosette or Double Blossom
Rosette is caused by the fungus, Cercosporella rubi. It is a serious disease of blackberry in the southern regions
of the Midwest (Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and Oklahoma). At present, Abound and Quilt Xcel are the only
fungicides labeled for control of this disease on blackberry. In the past, chemical control of this disease under
conditions of heavy pressure has not been highly successful. One possible cultural practice for an infected site
is to mow the planting down before flowering to eliminate spore release and infection of emerging primocanes.
Though sacrificing one year of production, the practice may provide short-term control. Varieties vary in
susceptibility to this disease. Apache, Ouachita, and Triple Crown are resistant. Chester, Hull, and Navaho are
tolerant. Chickasaw, Choctaw, Kiowa, Shawnee, and Illini Hardy are highly susceptible. Other cultivars differ in
susceptibility, but all will become infected over time. For additional information on Rosette, contact your local
Extension office.
46
Captan Use on Brambles

Several Captan formulations are currently registered for use on caneberries (brambles) including: Captan 50W,
Captan 80WDG, Captan 4L, and Captec 4L. The PHI for all Captan forulations on caneberries is three days; the
REI on caneberries also is three days.
Fungicide Resistance Management
Elevate, Rovral, Switch, and Pristine should not be used alone for seasonlong control of Botrytis fruit rot because
of the potential for pathogen strains to develop resistance to each fungicide. The addition (tank mix) of Captan
to Elevate, Rovral, Switch, or Pristine should provide a higher level of disease control and aid in preventing
fungicide resistance development. Rotating the use of these fungicides in blocks of one or two sprays is a good
resistance management strategy.
Cabrio, Pristine, and Rally for Control of Orange Rust
Based on information currently available on the disease cycle of orange rust, there appear to be two main periods
during the growing season when fungicides should be effective to control the disease. Growers should review the
orange rust section in the Midwest Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook to become familiar with the disease
cycle and cultural practices for disease control.
The first period is during the spring when aeciospores (bright orange spores) are being produced. Sprays at this
time would control “localized” leaf infections and, therefore, teliospores would not be produced later in the
growing season. The timing for these sprays would be from just before the aeciospores are released in the spring
(generally early to mid-May) until the infected leaves die and dry up, and spores are no longer present (mid-June
through mid-July). It is important to note that as temperatures get above 77˚F, aeciospore germination is very
slow, and disease development greatly reduced. In short, during the hot days of summer, infections should not be
occurring.
The second period is during late summer or fall as temperatures decrease and the threat of “systemic” (teliospore)
infections occurs. These teliospores or basidiospores infect the buds of tip-rooted canes or new shoots at the
crown of the plant; thus, fungicide applications should be directed toward the base of the canes. Even if complete
control of early season aeciospore infections is achieved, some teliospores could still be blown into the planting
from infected wild hosts. Rally, Abound, Cabrio, or Pristine applied on a 10-14 day schedule during these periods
should be beneficial for control. In wet weather the shorter interval should be used. Rally should be alternated
with either Cabrio or Pristine in the spray program in order to prevent fungicide resistance development. A good
approach would be to alternate them in two-spray blocks. Do not apply more than two sprays without alternating
to another class of fungicide. For the most current suggestions for timing fungicide applications for orange rust
control, contact Mike Ellis at (330) 263-3849 or [email protected].
Abound 2.08F
Abound 2.08F fungicide is registered for use on all brambles (blackberry and raspberry) for control of
Botryosphaeria canker, anthracnose, powdery mildew, raspberry leaf spot, Septoria leaf spot on blackberry,
Colletotrichum rot, spur blight, and rosette or double blossom of blackberries. Abound or any other strobilurin
fungicide (Cabrio or Pristine) cannot be applied more than three times per season. It cannot be applied in more
than two sequential sprays without alternating to another fungicide with a different class of chemistry. It has a 12-
hour re-entry interval and can be applied on the day of harvest.
Cabrio 20EG
Cabrio 20EG fungicide is registered for use on all brambles (blackberry and raspberry) for control of anthracnose,
leaf spot and blotch, powdery mildew, rusts, and spur blight. It is a strobilurin fungicide and has good activity
against these diseases. It cannot be applied more than four times per season and cannot be applied in more than
two sequential sprays without alternating to another fungicide with a different class of chemistry. It has a 24-hour
re-entry interval and a 0-day pre-harvest interval.
47
Pristine 38WG
Pristine 38WG fungicide is registered for use on all brambles (blackberries and raspberries) for control of
anthracnose, Botrytis gray mold, leaf spots, powdery mildew, rust diseases, and spur blight. Pristine is a
combination of two active ingredients (pyraclostrobin and boscalid). It cannot be applied more than four times per
season and has a 0-day pre-harvest interval. Pyraclostrobin is the same class of chemistry as Cabrio (strobilurin)
so Cabrio and Pristine should not be alternated with each other in a resistance management program. For control
of rust diseases, Cabrio or Pristine should be alternated with Rally to prevent fungicide resistance development.
Note: Do not tank mix Pristine with any fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, adjuvants, nutrients, or any additives.
Mix Pristine only with water for applications to blueberry, raspberry, or blackberry. This information is on a
supplemental label that must be in the user’s possession at the time of application.
Raspberry Leaf Spot and Septoria Leaf Spot of Blackberry and Raspberry
The incidence of raspberry leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot appears to be increasing across the Midwest. If not
controlled, they can result in severe defoliation of the plant. The strobilurin fungicides (Abound, Cabrio, Pristine)
provide good control of both diseases. Abound is registered for control of raspberry leaf spot and Septoria leaf
spot. Some fungicide trials have shown that Captan and Rally also provide some level of control. Post-harvest
(late-season) applications are important for controlling these leaf diseases. Most defoliation resulting from these
diseases occurs later in the season (post-harvest).
48
Strawberry Spray Schedule
Early Spring (Pre-bloom)
Apply when new leaves are expanding and blossom buds are visible.
The re-entry interval for Captan on strawberry is 24
hours. Always read the label. Captan has good activity
Captan 50WP against anthracnose and most leaf diseases, but will
or 6 lb
not control powdery mildew. Captan is also available
as 80WDG and Captec 4L.
Thiram 65WP 5 lb Thiram will not control powdery mildew.
or
The name for Nova has been changed to Rally. Highly
Rally 40WSP 2.5-5 oz effective for control of powdery mildew and leaf
or
blight. Will not control anthracnose.
Orbit 3.6L 4 fl oz
or
Leaf spot, Leaf Procure 50WS Procure is highly effective for control of powdery
4-8 oz
scorch, Leaf or mildew only.
blight, Powdery Mettle 3-5 fl oz Will not control anthracnose.
mildew, or
Anthracnose Cabrio 20EG 14 oz
or
Pristine 38WG Cabrio, Pristine, and Abound are registered for control
18.5-23 oz
or of leaf spot, powdery mildew and anthracnose.
Abound 2.08F 6.2-15.4 fl oz
or
or
Quilt Xcel 14 fl oz
or
or Quintec and Torino will control powdery mildew only
and must be used in a protectant program.
Torino 3.4 fl oz
Red stele See comments on page 55.
Watch for clipper when flower buds start coming out of the crown and when temperatures approach
65˚F. Treat if the number of clipped buds per meter of row is 3 or more primary buds or 30 or more
secondary or tertiary buds. Infestations begin at field edge so border spray is often sufficient.
Actara 25WG 4 oz
Strawberry
clipper Brigade WSB (10WP) 6.4-32 oz
(bud weevil) Danitol 2.4EC 16-21.33 fl oz
Lorsban 4EC 2 pt
Lorsban 75WG 1.33 lb
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1-2 qt
Entrust 2SC 4-6 fl oz Not for use against this pest in Indiana.
Entrust 80WP 1.25-1.5 oz Sample when first blossom buds begin to open.
Threshold is 2-10 thrips per blossom. Treat before
Eastern flower widespread bloom draws pollinators. Endosulfan,
thrips Lorsban, Danitol, and Brigade are not labeled
Radiant 1SC 6-10 fl oz specifically for thrips control in strawberries but have
been effective in field use at rates listed for clipper or
spittlebug and tarnished plant bug.
If a problem, apply when buds first become visible, and make a second application just before the first
bloom opens.
Admire Pro (4.6F) 1.3 fl oz Foliar spray for spittlebug.
Assail 30SG 1.9-6.9 oz Low rate for spittlebug only.
Spittlebug, Brigade WSB (10WP) 6.4-32 oz
Tarnished plant Danitol 2.4EC 10.67 fl oz
bug (adults)
Endosulfan 3EC 2.6 pt Not for use on annual strawberries (plasticulture).
Rimon 0.83EC 9-12 fl oz Only for plant bug control.
Thionex 50WP 2 lb Not for use on annual strawberries (plasticulture).
49
Strawberry (continued)
Early Spring (Pre-bloom) (continued)
Acramite 50WS 0.75-1.0 lb
Agri-mek 0.15EC 16 fl oz
Danitol 2.4EC 16-21.33 fl oz
Kanemite 15SC 21-31 fl oz
Spider mites Oberon 2SC 12-16 fl oz
Portal 0.4EC 2 pt
Savey 50DF 6 oz Savey kills eggs and young nymphs, not adults.
Zeal is primarily an ovicide/larvicide and, if needed,
Zeal 72WP 2-3 oz should be used early in the season.
Early Bloom through Bloom

Apply from 5-10% bloom until flowers have finished blooming.
NOTE: The most critical period for control of Botrytis fruit rot with fungicides is during bloom.
Topsin M 70WSB 1 lb Never use Switch, Elevate, or Topsin M alone for
or seasonlong control of Botrytis because of the potential
Elevate 50WG 1.5 lb for pathogen strains to develop resistance.
or Switch provides excellent control of Botrytis fruit
Switch 62.5WG 11-14 oz rot (gray mold) and has been reported to have good
or activity against anthracnose fruit rot.
Scala 5SC 18 fl oz
or
The Fontelis label states: For use on strawberry
(except Clancy, Jewel, and L’Amour varieties). Note:
Foliar reddening may occur if applied to some matted
Fontelis 16-24 fl oz row varieties such as Clancy, Jewel, and L’Amour
under certain environmental conditions. Discontinue
Botrytis applications if signs of crop injury appear. Not all
blossom blight varieties have been tested.
and fruit rot plus
Captan 50WP 4 lb
or
Thiram 65WP 4 lb
OR
Captan 50WP 6 lb
or
Thiram 65WP 5 lb
or
CaptEvate is a combination of Captan plus Elevate.
CaptEvate 68WG At the high rate of CaptEvate, the amount of active
or 3.5-5.25 lb ingredient of Captan and Elevate are equal to each
product used alone.
Very effective for control of powdery mildew and
Rally 40WSP 2.5-5 oz Phomopsis leaf blight. Leaf spot is also listed on the
or label. Not effective for control of Botrytis fruit rot
(gray mold).
Orbit 3.6L 4 fl oz
or
Procure 50WS 4-8 oz Procure controls powdery mildew only.
Powdery or
mildew, Mettle
Leaf spot, or 3-5 fl oz Will not control anthracnose.
Leaf blight, Abound is registered for control of powdery mildew
Leaf scorch Abound 2.08F 6.2-15.4 fl oz
or and anthracnose.
Cabrio 20EG Cabrio is registered for control of leaf spot, powdery
or 14 oz mildew, and anthracnose.
or
Quilt Xcel 14 fl oz
or
50
Early Bloom through Bloom (continued)

Luna Privilege 6.84 fl oz
or
Powdery Tavano 3.75-13.0 fl oz
mildew, or
Leaf spot, Torino 3.4 oz
Leaf blight, or
Leaf scorch Quadris Top
(continued) or 12-14 fl oz
or
or
Cabrio 20EG 14 oz
or
or
or
or
Quilt Xcel 14 fl oz
or
Tavano 3.75-13.0 fl oz
or
Captan 50WP 6 lb
OR
Anthracnose or
Cabrio 20EG 14 oz
or
or
or
or
Quilt Xcel 14 fl oz
or
plus
Under heavy disease pressure for anthracnose all
fungicides should be combined with Captan. The
Captan 50WP 6 lb
use of Captan close to harvest may result in visible
fungicide residues on the fruit and should be avoided.
Insects Save the bees! Do not apply insecticides during bloom.
Post-bloom to Harvest
Apply every 7-10 days as needed. Be sure to check PHIs. See Tables 8 and 10.
A good layer of straw mulch will reduce berry contact
with soil and lessen fruit rot problems, especially
leather rot. The wetter the season, the more necessary
Same as early bloom
it is to maintain a thorough spray program.
through bloom.
Botrytis fruit The use of Captan, Thiram or CaptEvate close to
See note on visible
rot harvest may result in visible fungicide residues on the
fungicide residue on
fruit. Close to, or during, harvest when visible residues
fruit.
are a concern, use Topsin M, Elevate, Switch, or
Pristine alone. This should result in little or no visible
residues.
Same as early bloom through bloom.
Anthracnose See note on visible fungicide residue on fruit.
51
Post-Bloom to Harvest (continued)

Ridomil Gold SL
or
Phosphorous acid See comments on page 55 for rates and timing.
or
Leather rot Abound 2.08F 6.2-15.4 fl oz
or
Cabrio 20EG 14 oz
or
Very effective for control of powdery mildew and
Rally 40WSP 2.5-5 oz Phomopsis leaf blight. Leaf spot is also listed on the
or label. Not effective for control of Botrytis fruit rot
(gray mold).
Orbit 3.6L 4 fl oz
or
Mettle 3-5 fl oz Will not control anthracnose.
or
or
Leaf spot, Cabrio 20EG
Leaf blight, or 14 oz
Leaf scorch, Pristine 38WG 18.5-23 oz
Powdery or
mildew Quadris Top 12-14 fl oz
or
or
Quilt Xcel 14 fl oz
or
Luna Privilege Quintec and Torino will control powdery mildew only
or 6.84 fl oz and must be used in a protectant program.
or
Torino 3.4 fl oz
Anthracnose See comments on page 55.
fruit rot
Make every effort to protect bees by spraying when bees are not active.
Follow all harvest restrictions.
Admire Pro (4.6F) 1.3 fl oz Foliar spray for spittlebug.
Assail 30SG 1.9-6.9 oz Low rate for spittlebug only.
Spittlebug, Brigade WSB (10WP) 6.4-32 oz
Tarnished plant Danitol 2.4EC 10.67 fl oz
bug (nymphs) Endosulfan 3EC 2.6 pt Not for use on annual strawberries (plasticulture).
Thionex 50WP 2 lb Not for use on annual strawberries (plasticulture).
Assail 30SG 4-6.9 oz
Belt 4SC 2-2.4 fl oz
Brigade 10WP (WSB) 6.4-32 oz
See Table 11 on page 62 for a list of products that
Bt (Bacillus contain Bacillus thuringiensis; see individual product
Leafrollers thuriingiensis) labels for rates and application details.
and other Coragen 1.67SC 3.5-5 fl oz
caterpillars Entrust 2SC 4-6 fl oz
Radiant 1SC 6-10 oz
Synapse 24WG 3-5 oz
As an alternative to insecticides, to control sap beetle during harvest, use bait buckets containing over-
ripe fruit placed in field between berry patch and wooded area.
Strawberry sap Assail 30SG 4-6.9 oz
beetle Brigade WSB (10WP) 6.4-32 oz Brigade has a 0-day pre-harvest interval.
Danitol 2.4EC 16-21.33 fl oz Danitol has a 2-day pre-harvest interval.
Rimon 0.83EC 12 fl oz Apply when adults appear and prior to egg hatch.
52
Post-bloom to Harvest (continued)

Drosophila (also Brigade WSB (10WP) 5.3-16 oz
known as fruit Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.33 fl oz
flies and vinegar
Entrust 80WP 1.25-2 oz See Special Insect Pest Problems on page 63.
flies), including
spotted wing
Radiant 1SC 6-10 fl. oz
Drosophila
Broadcast baits before berries form, or apply to soil surface in band between rows after berries form. Best if
applied in the evening after rain or irrigation.
Slugs
Deadline MP’s (4% bait) 10-40 lb
Sluggo 24-44 lb
Crickets Sevin 5 Bait 40 lb Bait has a 7-day PHI.
Strawberry
rootworm (adult Insecticides used for control of other strawberry pests are likely to control this pest as well. This pest builds
beetles) up in perennially grown strawberries, not those replanted yearly and grown on plastic mulch.
Harvest
Apply during fruit harvest season.
If wet weather persists and fungicide is required for control of Botrytis fruit rot, these fungicides should be
effective.
NOTE: If Botrytis is controlled effectively during bloom, the need for additional fungicide applications
during harvest is greatly reduced or eliminated. Due to the relatively high application rates, the use of Captan
and Thiram immediately prior to or during harvest may result in unsightly residues on fruit. Thus, their use
at this time is discouraged. In addition, other use restrictions apply. Always read the label.
Topsin M 70WSB
0.75-1 lb Topsin M has a 1-day PHI.
or
Elevate 50WG
1.5 lb Elevate has a 0-day PHI.
or
Switch 62.5WG
11-14 oz Switch has a 0-day PHI.
or
Pristine 38WG
18.5-23 oz
or
Scala 5SC
18 fl oz
or
The Fontelis label states: For use on strawberry
(except Clancy, Jewel, and L’Amour varieties). Note:
Foliar reddening may occur if applied to some matted
Fontelis
16-24 fl oz row varieties such as Clancy, Jewel, and L’Amour
or
under certain environmental conditions. Discontinue
Botrytis fruit rot applications if signs of crop injury appear. Not all
varieties have been tested.
Tavano 3.75-13 fl oz
OR
Topsin M 70WSB
0.75-1 lb
or
Topsin M, Elevate, or Switch should not be used alone
Elevate 50WG in repeated sprays due to the potential for fungicide
1.5 lb
or resistance development.
Switch 62.5WG
11-14 oz
or
Pristine 38WG
18.5-23 oz
or
Scala 5SC
18 fl oz
or
Fontelis
16-24 fl oz
or
Tavano 3.75-13 fl oz
plus
The addition of Captan should result in a higher level of

Captan 50WP 2-4 lb disease control; however, Captan used at higher rates and
closer to harvest may leave visible residues on fruit.
53
Harvest (continued)

Same as early bloom through bloom.
Anthracnose See note on visible fungicide residue on fruit.
Leather rot See comments on page 55.
Post Harvest and New Plantings

Apply every 10-14 days as needed.
It is important to maintain good functional foliage on the plants until late fall. Especially during wet
seasons, leaf diseases can increase, resulting in weak plants and increased primary inoculum for the
next season. Extra fungicide sprays after harvest may be required.
Leaf spot, Captan 50WP
Leaf scorch, or 6 lb
Leaf blight Thiram 65WP
or 5 lb
Topsin M 70WSB 0.75-1 lb
Rally 40WSP Very effective for control of powdery mildew and
or 2.5-5 oz Phomopsis leaf blight. Leaf spot is also listed on the
label.
Orbit 3.6L 4 fl oz
or
Mettle 3-5 fl oz Will not control anthracnose.
or
Leaf blight, Pristine 38WG 18.5-23 oz
Leaf spot, or
Leaf scorch, Quadris Top 12-14 fl oz
Powdery mildew or
or
Cabrio 20EG 14 oz
or
or Quintec and Torino will control powdery mildew
only and must be used in a protectant program.
Torino 3.4 fl oz
Admire Pro 7-10.5 fl oz Admire and Platinum are for post-harvest soil
White grubs application on perennial strawberries during
Platinum 2SC 5-12 oz renovation.
Insects in new
plantings,
including See comments on page 55.
strawberry root
weevils
Leather rot,
Red stele See comments on page 55.
54
Special Comments on the Strawberry Schedule

Leather Rot and Red Stele Control
Ridomil is labeled for control of red stele (caused by Phytophthora fragariae) and leather rot (caused by
Phytophthora cactorum). The label for perennial strawberries reads: Established Plantings: Apply Ridomil Gold SL
at 1 pt per treated acre. Make the first application in the spring after the ground thaws and before first bloom. Make
a second application after harvest in the fall. For supplemental control of leather rot, an application may be made
during the growing season at fruit set.”
Phosphorous acid fungicides: Several phosphorous acid fungicides are labeled for control of red stele and leather
rot on strawberries. They all have essentially the same active ingredient. These products include Agri-Fos, Aliette,
Legion, ProPhyt, Phostrol, Rampart, and Topaz. There are several other phosphite fungicides on the market and new
ones continue to be introduced. These materials are highly systemic and are applied as foliar sprays for leather rot
control. Research at Ohio State University has shown that phosphorous acid materials are highly effective for control
of leather rot when applied in a protectant program on a 7-day interval. In addition, Agri-Fos provided up to 36
hours of curative activity against leather rot in laboratory and field trials. Recommendations for use and prices vary
among products. Compare prices and read the product labels for rates and use recommendations.
Abound, Cabrio, and Pristine are all effective for control of leather rot when applied in a protectant program.
Anthracnose Fruit Rot Control
Anthracnose can be a severe disease that attacks both green and ripe (red) strawberry fruit. The disease is favored by
high temperature accompanied by rainfall before and during harvest. If anthracnose was a problem in the planting
during the previous growing season, or if it is detected in the planting during the current growing season, growers
may want to consider an intensified fungicide spray program. Abound 2.08F, Cabrio 20EG, Pristine 38WG, and
Quilt Xcel are registered for control of anthracnose and powdery mildew. All of these fungicides are reported to
have good to excellent activity against anthracnose and are the fungicides of choice for anthracnose control. All
fungicides are at risk for fungicide resistance development in the fungi that cause powdery mildew and anthracnose.
In order to prevent or delay the development of fungicide resistance, do not apply any of these fungicides more than
four times per season or in more than two sequential sprays without alternating to a fungicide in a different class
of chemistry. Abound, Cabrio, Pristine, and one component of Quilt Xcel are all in the same class of chemistry
(strobilurins) and cannot be alternated with each other as a fungicide resistance management strategy. Captan is the
old standard material for anthracnose control, but is not as effective as Abound, Cabrio, or Pristine. Switch is also
reported to have some activity against anthracnose. Therefore, alternate Captan or Switch with Abound, Cabrio,
Pristine, or Quilt Xcel. Under heavy disease pressure, consider using a combination (tank mix) of Abound, Cabrio,
Pristine, or Quilt Xcel plus Captan for control of anthracnose fruit rot. These materials must be used in a protectant
program. Once the disease is present in the field it is difficult to control with fungicides.
Strawberry Root Weevil or Black Vine Weevil
The larval stage of these pests damages strawberry roots. Because of the weevils’ lack of mobility, infestations do
not spread rapidly. Be sure that nursery stock is not infested before planting. Plow under old plantings soon after
harvest, and locate new plantings 300 feet away.
Adult weevils can be killed by one or more foliar sprays of Brigade 10WP. Platinum 2SC is labeled for soil
application to control root weevil larvae.
Potato Leafhopper
Strawberry foliage can be damaged by adult potato leafhoppers that feed in the crop for a short time, then leave.
Damaged leaves become crinkled and turn yellow to brown at the margins. Damage is often detected after
leafhoppers have left the field. If infestations are detected, carbaryl (Sevin) is labeled for control of this pest. Courier
can be used for leafhopper control but affects only immatures, not adult leafhoppers. Brigade, Danitol, Diazinon,
and Endosulfan do not list leafhoppers on their labels but should also provide control.
Eastern Flower Thrips
Feeding by eastern flower thrips on blossoms and small berries results in small, seedy fruit that has a rubbery texture
and poor color. Inspect the early blossoms on early varieties for the presence of thrips. Although an exact threshold
is not known, control is warranted if counts exceed 2 to 10 thrips per blossom. Entrust, SpinTor, and Radiant are
labeled specifically for thrips control on strawberries. Endosulfan, Lorsban, Brigade, and Danitol also are likely to
work well.
55
Cyclamen Mites
Use Portal at 2 pt per acre, 1-day pre-harvest interval, or use Endosulfan (Thionex) one to two days before bloom and again
10 to14 days later. Apply 4 lb of Thionex 50W or 2.7 qts of Endosulfan 3EC or Thionex 3EC in the first application and 2
lb of 50W or 1.3 qts. 3EC in the second. It is not effective if delayed until midsummer. Do not use endosulfan on annual
strawberries (plasticulture)
Another option is Dicofol 4E at 4 pts/A in two to three drenching sprays at 10- to 20-day intervals.
Table 5. Disease Resistance of Strawberry Cultivars Commonly Grown in the Midwest

Cultivar Verticillium wilt Red stele Leaf disease1 Powdery mildew
Junebearing
AC Valley Sunset R R R U
Allstar T R T T
Annapolis I R S S
Brunswick U R U U
Cabot U R T R
Cavendish I R PR S
Clancy U R R R
DarSelect U U T VS
Daroyal U U U U
Donna U U U U
Earliglow R R R PR
Eros S R VS S
Galletta U U U U
Glooscap S VS T T
Guardian R R R S
Herriot R U PR U
Honeoye S S PR T
Itasca U R R U
Jewel S S PR R
Kent S S S T
L’Amour U R PR T
Lateglow R R R U
Mayflower U U U U
Mesabi R R R R
Mira U R S R
Northeaster R R I S
Ovation U R R VS
Redchief PR R R R
Seneca S S U U
Sonata U S U PR
Surecrop R R T R
AC Wendy S R T MR
Winona T R R T
Day Neutral
Albion R R T R
Tribute PR R T R
Tristar R R T R
Seascape U R S R
San Andreas T U S R
Plasticulture System
Camarosa U U S S
Chandler U S S S
Sweet Charlie U U U R
Rating: I=intermediate; PR=partially resistant; R=resistant; S=susceptible; T=tolerant; U=unknown.
1
Includes leaf spot and leaf scorch.
56
Table 6. Fungicide Effectiveness for Strawberry Disease Control Strawberry (continued)
Phomopsis leaf Powdery Anthracnose
Fungicide Leaf spot Gray mold Leather rot
blight mildew fruit rot
Abound ? ? +++ ++ +++ +++
Aliette 0 0 0 0 +++ 0
Cabrio ? ++ +++ ++ +++ +++
Captan ++ ++ 0 ++ + ++
CaptEvate ++ ++ 0 +++ + ++
Elevate 0 0 0 +++ 0 0
Fontelis ? ? +++ +++ 0 0
Luna Privilege 0 0 +++ ? 0 0
Mettle +++ ++ +++ 0 0 0
Orbit +++ ++ +++ 0 0 0
Phosphorous acid 0 0 0 0 +++ 0
Pristine ? ++ +++ ++ +++ +++
Procure +++ ? +++ 0 0 0
Quadris Top +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++
Quilt Xcel 0 0 +++ + 0 ++
Quintec 0 0 +++ 0 0 0
Rally +++ ++ +++ 0 0 0
Ridomil 0 0 0 0 +++ 0
Scala 0 0 0 +++ 0 0
Switch 0 0 0 +++ 0 ++
Tavano ? ? +++ ++ 0 ++
Topsin M1 ++ ++ +++ +++ 0 0
Torino 0 0 +++ 0 0 0
Thiram ++ ++ 0 ++ + +
Efficacy rating system: +++=highly effective; ++=moderately effective; +=slightly effective; 0=not effective; ?=activity unknown.
1
Never apply Topsin M alone. Always apply in combination with an unrelated fungicide such as Captan or Thiram.
Table 7. Effectiveness of Pesticides for Control of Strawberry Insects and Mites

Root weevils
flower thrips
Leafhoppers
Spider mites
White grubs
Rootworms
Sap beetles
Leafrollers
Tarnished
Spittlebug
Cyclamen
plant bug
Clipper
Eastern
CHEMICAL
Slugs
mite
Acramite - - - - - - - - - +++ - - -
Admire - - - ++ - - - - - - - - +++
Agri-mek - - - - - - - - - +++ - - -
Assail - - - ++ - - + - ++ - - ++ -
Brigade +++ - +++ ++ - - - - +++ + +++ +++ -
Coragen - - - - +++ - - - - - - - -
Courier - - - + - - - - - - - - -
Danitol - - +++ ++ - - - - ++ + +++ +++ -
Diazinon - - - + ++ + - - ++ - ++ + ++
Dicofol - ++ - - - - - - - + - - -
Dibrom - - - - - - - - ++ - - - -
Endosulfan (Thionex) - +++ ++ + - - - - + - +++ +++ -
Entrust - - ++ - ++ - - - - - - - -
Intrepid - - - - ++ - - - - - - - -
Kanemite - - - - - - - - - ++ - - -
Lorsban +++ - +++ - - - - - - - - - -
Malathion - - - - - - - - + - - ++ -
Metaldehyde - - - - - - - ++ - - - - -
Oberon - - - - - - - - - ++ - - -
Portal - +++ - + - - - - - +++ - - -
Radiant - - ++ - +++ - - - - - - - -
Rimon - - - - +++ - - - + - - - -
Savey - - - - - - - - - +++ - - -
Sevin - - - ++ + - - - - - ++ - -
Sluggo - - - - - - - +++ - - - - -
Vendex - - - - - - - - - + - - -
Zeal - - - - - - - - - +++ - - -
Efficacy rating system: +++=Highly effective; ++=moderately effective; +=slightly effective; -= ineffective
or not sufficient data. 57
Table 8. Fungicide Harvest Restrictions and Restricted-Entry Intervals (REI)
Harvest Restrictions
Pre-harvest intervals and limitations (Maximum amount/ FRACc
Trade Name Common Name acre/season)a REIb Code
Grape Blueberry Brambles Strawberry
Abound azoxystrobin 14* 0 0 0 12 hr 11
Adament tebuconazole plus 14* - - - 24hr 11
trifloxystrobin 3
Aliette fosetyl-AL 15* 0* 60 0 (30 lb) 12 hr 33
Basic copper copper sulfate 0 - 0 0 24 hr M
sulfate
Bayleton triadimefon 14 (18 oz) - - - 12 hr 3
Cabrio pyraclostrobin - 0 (56 oz) 0 (56 oz) 0 (56 oz) 24 hr 11
Captan captan 0 (24 lb) 0 (70 lb) 3d 0 (48 lb) See notee M
CaptEvate captan plus - 0 (21 lb) 0 (21 lb) 0 (21 lb) 24/72 hr e M
fenhexamid 17
Dithane M-45, mancozeb 66* - - - 24 hr M
others
Elevate fenhexamid 0* 0 0 0* 12 hr 17
Endura boscalid 14* - - - 12 hr 7
Ferbam carbamate 7 - - - 24 hr M
Flint trifloxystrobin 14* - - - 12 hr 11
Fontelis penthiopyrad - - - 0 12 hr 7
Forum dimethomorph 28* - - - 12 hr 40
Indar fenbuconazole - 30 - - 12 hr 3
Inspire Super difenoconazole plus 14* - - - 12 hr 3
cyprodinil 9
JMS Stylet Oil oil 0 - - 0 12 hr -
Luna Privilege fluopyram 7 (13.7 fl oz) - - 1 12 hr 7
Mettle tetraconazole 14 - - 0 12 hr 3
Omega fluazinam - 30 (7.5 pt) - - 12 hr 29
Orbit propiconazale - 30 30 0 12 hr 3
Presidio fluopicolide 21 - - - 12 hr 43
pyraclostrobin plus 11
Pristine boscalid 14* 0* 0* 0* 12 hr i
7
Procure triflumizole 7 (32 oz) - - - 24 hr 3
ProPhyt,
Phostrol,
Agri-Fos, phosphorous acid 0 0 0* 0 4 hr 33
Topaz, Legion,
Rampart
Quadris Top difenoconazole plus 14* - - 0 12 hr 3
azoxystrobin 11
Quilt Xcel azoxystrobin + 14 30 (82 fl oz) 30 (105 fl 0 (56 fl oz) 12 hr 11+ 3
propiconazole oz)
Quintec quinoxyfen 14* - - 1* 12 hr 13
Rally myclobutanil 14 (1.5 lb) - 1 (10 oz) 1 (10 oz) 24 hr 3
Ranman cyazofamid 30* - - - 12 hr 21
Reason fenamidone 30 (8.1 fl oz) - - - 12 hr 11
Revus mandipropamid 14 - - 12 hr 40
Reason fenamidone 30 (8.1 fl oz) - - - 12 hr 11
Revus Top difenoconazole plus 14* - - - 12 hr 3
mandipropamid 40
Ridomil Gold mefenoxam - 0 45 0 48 hr 4
SL
Ridomil Gold mefenoxam plus 66 - - - 48 hr 4
MZ mancozeb M
Ridomil Gold mefenoxam plus 42 - - - 48 hr 4
Copper copper M
Rovral iprodione 7* 0* 0* - 24 hrf 2
Scala pyrimethanil 7 - - 1 see noteg 9
Sovran kresoxim-methyl 14* - - - 12 hr 11
Sulfur sulfur 0 0 0 0 24 hr M
cyprodinil plus 9
Switch 7 0 (56 oz) 0 (56 oz) 0 (56 oz) 12 hr 12
fludioxonil
Tavano polyoxin D 0 (4.2 oz ai) 0 0 0 4 hr 19
Tebuzol tebuconazole 14 - - - 12 hr 3
Thiram thiram - - - 3 24 hr M
58 Table continued on next page.
(Table 8 continued)
Days before harvest and limitations (Maximum amount/ FRACc
Trade Name Common Name REIb
acre/season)a Code
Topsin M thiophanate 14 (4 lb) - - 1 see noteh 1
Torino cyflufenamid 3* - - 0 4 hr U6
Vangard cyprodinil 7* - - - 12 hr 9
Vivando metrafenone 14 (42.6 fl oz) - - - 12 hr U8
ametoctradin +
Zampro 14 (56 fl oz) - - - 12 hr 45 + 40
dimethomorph
Ziram ziram 10* * - - 48 hr M
*
Limited number of applications allowed, or other restrictions apply. REFER TO LABEL DIRECTIONS.
- Not registered or recommended for the crop listed.
a
Amounts shown in parenthesis are the maximum amounts of the fungicide permitted per season.
b
All fungicides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application
when entry into the treated area is limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during
harvest.
c
FRAC code represents the mode of action of the fungicide.
d
See comments on captan formulations and registrations on page 47.
e
Captan 80WDG has a 3-day REI on grapes, raspberries, blackberries and blueberries. All captan formulations have a 24-hour REI on
strawberries. CaptEvate has a 72-hour REI on blueberries and raspberries, and a 24-hour REI on strawberries.
f
REI for Rovral is 48 hours on grapes.
g
REI for Scala is 24 hours on grapes, 12 hours on strawberries.
h
REI for Topsin M is 7 days on grapes.
i
REI for Pristine is 5 days when conducting cane tying, cane turning, or cane girdling.
Note on Fungicide Resistance Management

Plant pathogenic fungi have been known to develop resistance to fungicides after repeated exposure. For fungicide resistance
management, avoid successive applications of fungicides within the same group or type of chemistry. The Fungicide
Resistance Action Committee codes (FRAC codes) listed in Table 8 identify the various fungicide mode of action groups.
Rotating to fungicides with a different FRAC code should help avoid development of fungicide resistance in pathogenic fungi.
Strobilurin Fungicides include: azoxystrobin (Abound); pyraclostrobin (Cabrio, Pristine); trifloxystrobin (Flint); and
kresoxim-methyl (Sovran).
Sterol Inhibiting Fungicides include: triadimefon (Bayleton); tebuconazole (Elite); myclobutanil (Rally); triflumizole
(Procure); fenarimol (Vintage); tetraconazole (Mettle); and difenoconazole (Inspire Super).
Benzimidazole Fungicides include: thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M, T methyl).
The following fungicides are also at risk for resistance development: fenhexamide (Elevate); boscalid (Endura); metalaxyl
(Ridomil); iprodione (Rovral); cyprodinil (Vangard, Switch); and pyrimethanil (Scala).
The following materials are broad spectrum protectant fungicides and are not considered to be at risk for resistance
development: captan (Captan); mancozeb (Dithane, Manzate, Penncozeb); carbamate (Ferbam); thiram (Thiram); ziram
(Ziram); fixed copper (several trade names); and sulfur.
Table 9. Generic Fungicides

Original Trade Name Other Trade Names
Common Name
(Manufacturer) (Manufacturer)
Propimax 41.8L (Dow AgriSciences)
propiconazole Orbit 41.8L (Syngenta)
Bumper 41.8L (Makhteshim)
Equus DF (Makhteshim)
chlorothalonil Bravo Weather Stick (Zeneca)
Chlorothalonil 720 (Arysta Life Science)
Thiophanate Methyl 85WSB (Makhteshim)
Topsin-M 70WDG (United Phosphorous
thiophanate methyl T-Methyl EAG 70WSB (Nufarm)
Inc.)
T-Methyl 70W WSB (Arysta Life Science)
Iprodione 4L AG (Arysta Life Science)
iprodione Rovral 4F (Bayer) Meteor 4L (United Phosphorus Inc.)
Nevado 4F (Makhteshim)
metalaxyl Ridomil 2E (Syngenta) Metastar 2E (Arysta Life Science)
myclobutanil Rally 40WSP (Dow AgriSciences) Sonoma 40WSP (Albaugh)
Orius 3.6F (Makhteshim)
Orius 45DF (Makhteshim)
tebuconazole Tebuzol 45DF (United Phosphorous, Inc.)
TebuStar 3.6 L (Albaugh)
TebuStar 45WSP (Albaugh)
fosetyl-Al Aliette 80WDG (Bayer) Legion 80WDG (Makhteshim)
59
Table 10. Insecticide and Miticide Harvest Restrictions and Restricted-Entry Intervals
Consult product label for complete restrictions and limitations.
Pre-harvest intervals and limitations (Maximum IRACb
Trade Name Common Name amount/acre/season) REIa Code
Acramite bifenazate 14 - 1 1 12hr/5days UN
Actara thiamethoxam 5 3 3 3 12 hr 4A
Admire Pro imidacloprid 0/30* 3/7* 3/7* 7/14* 12 hr 4A
abamectin+
AgriFlex 28 - - - 4 days 6+4A
thiamethoxam
Agri-mek
abamectin 28 - - 3 12 hr 6
(RUP)
Altacor chlorantraniliprole 14 1 3 - 4 hr 28
Apollo clofentezine 21 - - - 12 hr 10A
Applaud buprofezin 7 - - - 12 hr 16
Asana (RUP) esfenvalerate - 14 7 - 12 hr 3
Assail acetamiprid 7 1 1 1 12 hr 4A
Athena bifenthrin + 30 - - 3 12 hr 3+6
avermectin
Avaunt indoxacarb 7 7 - - 12 hr 22
Baythroid
cyfluthrin 3 - - - 12 hr 3
(RUP)
Belay clothianidin 0/30* - - - 12 hr 4A
Belt flubendiamide 7 - - - 12 hr 28
Brigade (RUP) bifenthrin 30 1 3 0 12 hr 3
bifenthrin + 3
Brigadier (RUP) 30 - - 7 12 hr 4A
imidacloprid
Capture (RUP) bifenthrin 30 - 3 - 12 hr 3
Confirm tebufenozide - 14 14 - 4 hr 18
Coragen chlorantraniliprole - - - 1 4 hr 28
Courier buprofezin - - - 3 12 hr 16
Danitol (RUP) fenpropathrin 21 3 3 2 24 hr 3
Deadline metaldehyde 0 0 0 0 12 hr -
Delegate spinetoram 7 3 1 - 12hr 5
Diazinon (RUP) diazinon - 7 - 5* 24 hr 1B
Dibrom (RUP) naled 10 - - 1 48/72 hr 1B
Dicofol dicofol 7 - - 2/3 31/39 days UN
DiPelc (OMRI) B. thuringiensisc 0 0 0 0 4 hr 11
Endosulfan endosulfan - * - 4* 24/48 hr 2A
Entrust (OMRI) spinosad 7 3 1 1 4 hr 5
Envidor spirodiclofen 14 - - - 12 hr 23
Esteem pyriproxyfen - 7 - - 12 hr 7C
pyrethrins plus
Evergreen piperonyl butoxide 0 0 0 0 12 hr 3
Exirel cyantraniliprole - 3 - - 12 hr 28
zeta-cypermethrin+ 4 days
Gladiator 28 - - - 3+6
avermectin B1
zeta-cypermethrin 3
Hero (RUP) 30 1 3 - 12 hr
plus bifenthrin 3
24 hr/14
Imidan phosmet 7/14 3 - - 1B
days
Intrepid methoxyfenozide 30 7 - 3 4 hr 18
Kanemite acequinocyl 7 - - 1 12 hr 20B
Knack pyriproxyfen 21 7 7 - 12 hr 7C
48 hr/7
Lannate* (RUP) methomyl - 3 - - 1A
days*
cyfluthrin + 3
Leverage (RUP) 3 - - - 12 hr
imidacloprid 4A
Lorsban
chlorpyrifos 35* - - 21* 24 hr 1B
(some RUP)
60 Table continued on next page.
(Table 10 continued)
Trade Name Common Name Days before harvest and limitations REIa IRACb
Code
Malathion malathion 3* 1* 1 3 12/24 hr 1B
Movento spirotetramat 7 - - - 24 hr 23
Mustang Max
zeta-cypermethrin 1 1 1 - 12 hr 3
(RUP)
Mycotrol Beauveria 0 0 0 0 4 hr -
Neemix, Aza-
azadirachtin 0 0 0 0 4/12 hr UN
Direct (OMRI)
Nexter pyridaben 7 - - - 12 hr 21A
Oberon spiromesifen - - - 3 12 hr 23
Onager hexythiazox 7 - - - 12 hr 10A
Platinum thiamethoxam 60 75 - 50 12 hr 4A
Portal fenpyroximate 14 - - 1 12 hr 21
Pyganic
pyrethrins 0 0 0 0 12 hr 3
(OMRI)
Radiant spinetoram - - - 1 4 hr 5
Renounce
cyfluthrin 3 - - - 12 hr 3
(RUP)
Rimon novaluron - 8 - 1 12 hr 15
Savey hexythiazox - - 3 3 12 hr 10A
Sevin carbaryl 7 7 7 7 12 hr 1A
Sluggo (OMRI) iron phosphate 0 0 0 0 0 hr -
Surround kaolin 0 0 0 0 4 hr -
Synapse flubendiamide - - - 1 12 hr 28
flubendiamide + 28
Tourismo 7 - - - 12 hr
buprofezin 16
zeta-cypermethrin,
Triple Crown bifenthrin, 30 3 3 - 12 hr 3+4A
+imidacloprid
Vendex (RUP) fenbutatin-oxide 28* - - 1* 48 hr 12B

(hexakis)
Venom,
dinotefuran 1/28 - - - 12 hr 4A
Scorpion
chlorantraniliprole 28
Voliam Flexi 14 - - 3 12 hr
+ thiamethoxam 4A
Zeal etoxazole 14 - 0 1 12 hr 10B
- Not registered or recommended for the crop.
*Harvest restrictions, use limitations or restricted entry intervals vary by crop, crop use, rate, or formulation. See product label for details.
RUP=Restricted Use Pesticide. A license is required to purchase and apply. Record keeping is mandatory. Check with your state regulatory
agency for details.
a
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application
when entry into the treated area is limited. Check labels for REI and Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) required for early re-entry.
Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
b
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
c
Products that contain Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of caterpillars include Agree, Biobit, CryMax, DiPel, Javelin, Lepinox, and
XenTari.
Note on Insecticide Resistance Management

Insects have been known to develop resistance to insecticides after repeated exposure. For insecticide resistance
management, avoid successive applications of insecticides within the same group or type of chemistry. The Insecticide
Resistance Action Committee codes (IRAC codes) listed in Table 10 identify the various insecticide mode of action groups.
Rotating to insecticides with a different IRAC code should help avoid development of insecticide resistance.
61
Table 11. Generic Small Fruit Insecticides
Active Ingredient Original Product and Generics and formulation (Manufacturer)
Formulation (Manufacturer)
Abba 0.15 EC (Makhteshim)
Abba Ultra 0.3 EC (Makhteshim)
AgriMek 0.7 EC (Syngenta)
Epi-Mek 0.15 EC (Syngenta)
Nufarm Abamectin 0.15 EC (Nufarm)
abamectin Agri-Mek 0.15 EC (Syngenta) Reaper 0.15 EC (Loveland)
Reaper Advance 0.15 EC (Loveland)
Temprano 0.15 EC (Chemtura)
Tide Timectin 0.15EC (Tide Intl.)
Zoro 0.15 EC (Cheminova)
Agree (Advan)
Biobit (Valent)
CoStar (Advan)
CryMax (Advan)
Bacillus thuringiensis Dipel (Valent) Deliver (Advan)
Jackpot (Advan)
Javelin (Advan)
Lepinox (Advan)
Xentari (Valent)
Bifen 2 AG Gold (Direct AG Source)
Bifenture 2 EC (United Phosphorous)
Discipline 2 EC (Amvac)
bifenthrin Brigade 2 EC, Capture 2 EC (FMC) Fanfare 2 EC (Makhteshim)
Sniper 2 EC, ES (Loveland)
Tailgunner 2 EC (Makhteshim)
Tundra 2 EC (Winfield)
Carbaryl 4 L (Drexel, Loveland)
carbaryl Sevin 4L, 80 S, SL, XLR (Bayer) Prokoz Sevin SL (Prokoz)
Chlorpyrifos 4 E (Makhteshim, Drexel)
Govern 4 E (Tenkos)
Hatchet 4 E (Dow AgroSciences)
Lorsban 4 E, 15 G, 75 WDG, Nufos 4 E (Cheminova)
chlorpyrifos Advanced 3.76 E (Dow Saurus 15 G (Helena)
AgroSciences) Vulcan 3.76 E (Makhteshim)
Warhawk 4 E (Loveland)
Whirlwind 4 E (Helena)
Yuma 4 E (Winfeild)
Baythroid XL 1 EC (Bayer) Tombstone 2 E (Loveland)
cyfluthrin Renounce 20 WP (Bayer) Tombstone Helios 2 E (Loveland)
esfenvalerate Asana XL 0.66 EC (Dupont) S-FenvaloStar 0.66 EC (LG Life Sciences)
Advise 2 FL (Winfield)
Mana Alias 2 F, 4 F (Makhteshim)
Amtide Imidacloprid 2 F (AmTide)
Couraze 2 F, 4 F (Cheminova)
Macho 2 FL, 4 F (Albaugh)
Malice 75 WSP (Loveland)
Admire 2 F (no longer made) Midash 2 SC (Sharda USA)
imidacloprid Admire Pro 4.6 F (Bayer) Montana 2 F, 4 F (Rotam NA)
Provado 1.6 F (Bayer) NuPrid 2 F, 2 SC, 4 F Max, 4.6 F, (Nufarm)
Pasada 1.6 F (Makhteshim)
Prey 1.6 F (Loveland)
Sherpa 1.6 F (Loveland)
Widow 2 F (Loveland)
Wrangler 4 F (Loveland)
Esteem 35 WP (Valent)
pyriproxyfen Pitch 0.83 EC (Makhteshim)
Knack 0.83 EC (Valent)
zeta-cypermethrin Mustang Max 1.5 EW (FMC) Respect 0.8 EC (BASF)
62
Special Insect Pest Problems
Spotted Wing Drosophila
Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) is a very serious new invasive pest that attacks small fruit crops, some stone
fruits (cherry, nectarine, peach), high tunnel tomatoes, and wild hosts (including pokeweed, autumn olive,
crabapple, nightshade, Amur honeysuckle, and wild grape). What makes SWD different from other fruit flies is
that the female has a stout, toothed ovipositor (egg layer) that enables her to lay eggs under the skin of ripening
fruits that are otherwise healthy and sound. Generally, soft-skinned fruit become vulnerable to attack as they
begin to soften and turn color during ripening, which is usually in the final seven to 10 days before harvest. The
larvae tunnel and feed under the skin of the fruit and can reach 4 millimeters long. There is often a sunken area
at the site where the eggs are laid, and damaged fruit may appear to collapse from the internal damage and rots.
SWD is able to complete its life cycle in just more than a week when temperatures are optimal, and there may be
10 or more generations per year. Growers need to monitor plantings for SWD in the final weeks before harvest.
Traps for monitoring and detecting SWD are available. More information about SWD is available from Michigan
State University: www.ipm.msu.edu/swd.htm. Look for additional state labels that may allow for changes to
rates and allowable number of applications of various insecticides. When applying insecticides during the harvest
period, be sure to carefully watch the Pre-Harvest Intervals for the products you choose to apply.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) has an extremely wide host range and is a pest of all small fruit crops
including grapes, blueberries, raspberries, and blackberries. BMSBs are attracted to these plantings throughout
much of the growing season while fruit are present. The injury caused by BMSB piercing sucking mouthparts
may appear as sunken areas on the fruit. BMSB that are hidden in grape clusters at harvest may cause a stink bug
taint in the juice. While insecticide recommendations vary according to availability on different crops, Actara,
Venom, Brigade, Danitol, and Lannate have shown good efficacy in trials; however, multiple applications may be
needed with reinfestation.
Wasps in Fruit Plantings
Almost anywhere fruit is produced, wasps can become a nuisance, or in some cases, a severe pest. Primarily,
they are pests more because they sting than because they damage much fruit. Unfortunately, very little help for
controlling wasps is available to the grower.
Wasps are generally attracted to the juice and soft fruit. By far, the best key to prevention, or at least to reducing
problems with wasps, is sanitation. Regular and thorough picking of all ripe fruit and fruit debris will aid in
solving this problem. In addition, any item brought in by pickers that has food value (e.g., soft drinks, lunches,
etc.) should be removed.
Periodical Cicadas
Periodical cicadas are orange to black, about 1 1/2 inches long, with black transparent wings, and appear from
May to July. Annual or dog-day cicadas are larger, green to black, and appear each year from July to September.
Ordinarily, annual cicadas do not cause much damage. Cicada males announce their presence to the voiceless
females by making a continuous, high-pitched shrill sound. Vibrating membranes on the underside of the first
abdominal segment produce the sound.
The total life cycle of the periodical cicada takes either 13 or 17 years. Otherwise, the two types have similar
habits. The adult females lay eggs in rows in pockets that they cut in small branches and twigs of trees with their
long, knife-like egg layer. Each female will make five to 20 of these pockets, laying 24 to 28 eggs in two rows in
each pocket. The eggs hatch in six or seven weeks; the newly hatched nymphs fall to the ground and burrow until
they find suitable roots, usually 1 1/2 to 2 feet beneath the soil. With their sucking mouth parts, they immediately
begin to suck juices from the roots.
During the spring of the 13th or 17th year, depending on which brood is involved, the cicadas burrow upward
until they are about 1 inch below the soil surface. When the proper night comes, they leave the ground in large
numbers and head for the nearest upright object, preferably a tree. The nymph attaches itself firmly to this object.
By splitting its skin down the middle of the back, it emerges as a winged adult. At first, the adults are soft and
white, but they become harder and darker as the tissues dry. Mating takes place within a few weeks, and eggs are
laid for the next brood.
There are 17 broods of the 17-year race (I-XVII) and 13 broods (XVIII-XXX) of the 13-year race. Each year,
somewhere in the United States, at least one of these broods emerges. But any one brood will emerge only once
every 13 or 17 years. Contact your Extension office for information on broods and emergence in your area.
Females prefer oak, hickory, apple, peach, and pear trees and grape vines for laying eggs. Damage occurs when
the females make slits in branches and twigs in which to deposit the eggs. These small twigs and branches turn
63
brown and die, sometimes breaking off. The damage may be severe in newly planted orchards or on new plants
of shade trees or shrubs. Heavy populations of nymphs in the soil may also affect the growth and vigor of certain
trees.
You can prevent egg-laying damage by cicadas on young fruit and ornamental trees by covering the tree with a
protective netting such as cheesecloth. Cover the tree, and tie the netting to the trunk below the lower branches.
Remove the covering when egg-laying is over. If netting is not an option, you may apply insecticides when egg-
laying begins and repeat seven to 10 days later. Sevin is labeled for control of these insects.
Tree Crickets
Tree crickets are pests of caneberries, grapes, and blueberries. The important damage is caused by egg-laying
in the canes or beneath the bark; nymphs and adults may also feed on foliage and ripening fruit. Egg-laying
punctures weaken the plant. These pests are controlled by pruning and destroying damaged canes, or by spraying
with carbaryl (Sevin).
Japanese Beetles
The Japanese beetle is an imported pest well known for its voracious appetite, extremely wide host range, and
seemingly endless reproductive potential.
The life cycle of this insect is relatively simple. Beetles emerge from the ground in late spring, mate, lay eggs in
grassy areas, and eat through midsummer. The eggs hatch into white grubs in mid- to late-summer. During the
winter, the grubs burrow to below the frost line. The following spring, mature grubs burrow back to the surface,
pupate, and emerge as adults.
These insects are not hard to kill, but control is often difficult because beetles continue to invade plantings for
extended periods. Often, adults will be so plentiful that they fall in piles after a spray.
Expect to use as many as two to four additional insecticide applications the first two to three years your planting
is attacked. In later years, after local predators and parasites have recognized the Japanese beetle as a food source,
populations will decline. Of course, it is possible that this insect will never get to your area, or if it does get there
it may not do well. However, if it does, you had best learn how to manage these insects because you will not kill
all of them!
Chemical Weed Control in Small Fruit Crops
Controlling weeds in small fruit plantings is extremely important. While weeds can be controlled manually,
herbicides are very useful and substantially reduce labor costs. When herbicides are used properly to control
weeds, plant growth may be superior, and control over insects and diseases is improved. With the continued loss
of herbicide registrations for the minor crops, which includes all small fruits, closer management of the planting
must be maintained. Greater care with herbicide use and cultural procedures will be required.
Proper Application
To be effective, herbicides must be selected properly for the weeds they are to control; they must be applied at the
proper time, at the proper rate, and with the proper equipment. The degree of weed control depends largely on the
skill of the operator.
In most cases, herbicide rates given are for overall coverage (broadcast rates). For band treatment, common in
small fruit plantings, reduce the amounts according to the portion of area treated. For example, if a grower wants
to control weeds in a 4-foot wide band beneath a crop planted in rows 10 feet apart, the rate of herbicide needed
per acre of crop will be 4/10 of the broadcast rate per acre.
Herbicides can injure fruit plants if used improperly. Therefore, sprayer adjustment and calibration should be as
precise as possible to assure accurate and uniform applications. Use nozzles appropriate for herbicide application
at low pressures (20-40 psi) on a fixed boom-type applicator. This type of sprayer is calibrated easily and, when
designed properly, will deposit herbicide uniformly. Consider using one of the recently introduced low-drift
nozzles such as the Turbo TeeJet Nozzle or the TurboDrop Nozzle. They have been designed to provide similar
performance to traditional flat fan nozzles while reducing the number of very small droplets that are highly
subject to drift. It is difficult to achieve a proper application of preemergent herbicides using backpack or hand
sprayers.
Calibrate the sprayer carefully, and apply herbicides according to the suggested rates. Note that with many
preemergent herbicides, rates should be adjusted according to soil characteristics. Generally, lower rates should be
used on sandy soils with low organic matter and higher rates on heavier textured soils and those high in organic
matter. With some herbicides, no rate changes are suggested. If you are unsure about an herbicide’s effectiveness
or possible crop damage, test it on a small portion of the planting before using extensively. Just as with fungicides
64
and insecticides, continued use of the same herbicide can lead to the development of herbicide-resistant weeds, or
the establishment of tolerant weeds. It is recommended that you do not use the same herbicide for more than two
consecutive years to avoid resistance problems and improve weed control spectrum.
Site Preparation before Planting
Most perennial weeds cannot be controlled effectively in the spring before planting or once the crop is planted.
Growers should strive to eradicate established perennials during site preparation in the season prior to establishing
the crop. Glyphosate (a nonselective systemic herbicide) products such as Roundup, Touchdown, and many other
formulations, should be applied in the summer prior to planting when weeds are actively growing. Applying
glyphosate just before harvesting winter wheat or rye (this is known as a pre-harvest treatment) is an excellent
way to control creeping perennials such as Canada thistle and goldenrods. Treatments applied to stubble can
also be highly effective. Fields that are in hay or pasture should be allowed to grow in the spring or fall until
the grass is at least 8 inches tall. Ideally, perennial broadleaf weeds should be approximately at the bud to early
flowering stage at the time of treatment. Summer and early fall applications of glyphosate may be more effective
against perennial broadleaf weeds than spring applications. Allow five to seven days for glyphosate to translocate
throughout the root system before plowing under. This should be followed by repeated shallow cultivations as
green “flushes” of weed seedlings appear. An alternative is application of paraquat (Gramoxone) for contact
nonselective weed control as flushes of weed seedlings appear.
Tank Mixes
Certain herbicides may be combined in suitable tank-mixes. Consult product labels for approved combinations
and recommended rates. Do not use tank mixes that are not listed on the label. By using tank mixes, a
preemergence herbicide can be applied together with a postemergence herbicide to provide improved weed
control, or two preemergence herbicides may be applied at reduced rates, each to gain better weed control and
reduce the risks of crop damage. Always follow label recommendations.
Active Ingredient (ai)
Herbicide labels list the chemical names of the active ingredients and the percentage or amount of the active
ingredients as “ai.” Herbicides come in various formulations and under various trade names. For the sake of
brevity, only one trade name is listed in this guide. Check if other trade names are available and compare costs
per acre. Always read each label carefully as rates and labeled crops may differ between labels with similar active
ingredients. Be sure to follow the recommended rates as they are listed on the label of the product you plan to use.
Use Restrictions
Herbicide use is controlled by federal regulations which prescribe the crops upon which the herbicides can be
used and the timing and rates for which these materials are registered. Be sure to use only registered materials
at the rates recommended. Herbicides are covered by Worker Protection Standards where they apply. Restricted-
entry intervals (REI) and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) information are included on product labels. The
product label is the final authority. Follow it carefully.
Good Rules to Remember
1. Rates recommended in this guide are mid-range rates applicable for medium to fine soils. Always refer to
labels for full details on rates depending on soil type and level of organic matter.
2. Application of postemergence herbicides under stress conditions to weeds, such as high temperatures in
midsummer, drought, cool temperatures in the spring, etc., will result in loss of weed control.
3. Use a fixed-spray boom, appropriate nozzles, and low pressure for even application without drift.
4. Only spray when there is little or no wind (below 5 mph).
5. Adjust rates according to band width.
6. Follow restrictions of herbicides on new plantings. Allow plants to become well established and soil well
settled around plants before application.
7. Use herbicide sprayers for herbicides only.
8. Clean sprayers thoroughly when changing herbicides, especially when 2,4-D, Chateau, or Prowl have been
used.
9. Store pesticides in locked storage. Liquid pesticides should not be allowed to freeze.
10. Protect the environment — avoid surface or ground water contamination. Dispose of excess spray material
carefully and according to label directions.
11. Read the label. Understand it thoroughly. Follow its directions.
65
Herbicide Recommendations for Grape
Weed Problem Material & Rate/A Comments and Limitations
Preemergence
Only use Alion in established vineyards at least 5 years after planting
and on vines that exhibit normal growth and good vigor. Do not use on
Alion (indaziflam
Annual and perennial sandy soil or soils with 20% or more gravel content. Ensure that there
19.05%)
grasses and broadleaves is 12 inches of soil barrier between the surface and the major portion of
(1.67 lb/gal) at 5 fl oz
the root system.
Age restriction: Do not apply to vines less than 5 years old.
Apply from late fall through early spring. Applications should be
Casoron CS (dichlobenil
Annual and perennial made prior to weed emergence, or when emerged weeds are less than
15.3% ai) at 1.4 to 2.8
grasses and broadleaves 2 inches tall. Use only on well established plants.
gal
Age restriction: Do not apply to vines less than one year old.
Do not apply after bloom unless with a hooded or shielded
application. Apply alone preemergence or tank mix with Roundup or
Gramoxone postemergence. Do not incorporate. Do not allow drift to
Chateau SW
contact foliage or green bark. Max. rate is 24 oz per season. Min. 30
Annual broadleaves and (flumioxazin 51% ai) at
days between applications. Chateau also has postemergence activity.
suppression of grasses 6-12 oz in 10-30 gal of
PHI=60 days.
water
Age restriction: Do not apply to vines established less than 2 years
unless they are trellised at least 3 ft from the ground or are protected
by nonporous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers.
Devrinol 2-XT Apply from late fall (prior to soil freezing) to early spring (prior to
(napropamide 2 lb a.i./ weed emergence). Apply to a weed-free soil surface or tank mix with
Annual grasses and
gal) at 2 gal per acre a suitable postemergent herbicide. May be applied to newly planted
broadleaves
(other formulations are and established crops. Do not apply more than 2 gal/A per crop cycle.
available) PHI=70 days.
Dormant application only: Effective both preemergence (5-8 pt)

Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen 2
and postemergence (2-8 pt) as a directed spray on weeds less than 4
lb ai/gal) at 5-8 pt in min.
inches. Do not apply from bud swell to harvest. Can be mixed with
Annual broadleaves and 10 gal of water
other preemergence herbicides, or with Roundup or Gramoxone. Max.
suppression of grasses Other names: Galigan,
rate is 8 pt per year.
Goaltender, Oxiflo,
Age restriction: Do not apply to grapes established less than 3 years
others
unless vines are on a trellis wire a minimum of 3 ft above ground.
Karmex 80DF (diuron Age restriction: Use on vineyards established at least 3 years and
80% ai) at 2-6 lb in 25- trunks at least 1.5 inches diameter. Apply as a directed spray to
Annual grasses and
40 gal of water soil under trellis in early spring prior to weed germination. Max. 1
broadleaves
Other names: Direx, application per year. On soils low in organic matter (1-2%), severe
Diuron injury may result if heavy rainfall occurs soon after treatment.
Apply as a directed spray in the fall after harvest prior to soil freeze-
Annual and perennial Kerb 50WP (pronamide up, or early winter when temperatures are below 55°F. Rainfall or
grasses and certain 50% ai) at 2-8 lb in 40- irrigation are required to activate. Max. 1 application per year and
broadleaves 50 gal of water 8 lb/A per year. Kerb also has early postemergence activity. Rate
depends on soil texture. Restricted use pesticide.
Apply as a banded application to the base of the vines. Best results
Matrix FVN or SG are obtained when the soil is moist at the time of application and 0.5
Annual grasses and (rimsulfuron 25% ai) at inch of rainfall or sprinkler irrigation occurs within 2 weeks after
broadleaves 4 oz in a minimum of 10 application.
gal of water Age restriction: Do not apply to vines established less than one year.
PHI=14 days.
Princep 4L (simazine 4
Age restriction: Use on vineyards established at least 3 years. Apply
lb ai/gal) at 2-4 qt in 25-
Annual grasses and to soil under trellis between harvest and early spring before weeds
40 gal of water
broadleaves emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or tank mix with Roundup or
Other names: Sim-Trol,
Gramoxone. Max. 1 application per year.
Simazine
Apply only to dormant grapevines. Do not apply if buds have started
Prowl H2O
to swell. In bearing vineyards, this product may be applied any time
(pendimethalin 3.8 lb ai/
after fall harvest, during winter dormancy, and in the spring. In non-
gal) at 3.2-6.3 qt in min.
Annual grasses and bearing vineyards this product may be applied preplant incorporated,
20 gal of water
certain broadleaves preplant surface, or preemergence. For best results, rain or irrigation
Other names: Acumen,
is needed within 21 days of application. Not effective on germinated
Helena Pendimethalin,
weeds. Do not allow spray to contact leaves, shoots, or buds. For new
others
plantings, do not apply until soil has settled and no cracks are present.
66
Herbicide Recommendations for Grape (continued)

Non-bearing only: May only be used on crops that will not be
harvested within one year of application. Rainfall or irrigation of
Snapshot 2.5TG
Annual grasses and 0.5 inch is needed within 3 days of application. Not effective on
(isoxaben+trifluralin
certain broadleaves germinated weeds. Min. 60 days between applications. Max. rate is
2.5% ai) at 100-200 lb
600 lb per per 12-month period. Do not apply to new transplants until
soil has settled and with no cracks.
Apply as a directed spray to settled and firm soil from fall to early
spring before weeds emerge. Rainfall or irrigation is needed within
Annual grasses and
Solicam DF (norflurazon 4 weeks of application. Do not contact fruit or foliage. Do not apply
broadleaves and
78.6% ai) at 1.25-5 lb in after bud break on sandy loam or other coarse-textured soils. Check
suppression of yellow
min. 20 gal of water label for maximum amount allowed per year depending on soil type.
nutsedge
Age restriction: Allow a minimum of 24 months after planting before
first application. PHI=60 days.
Make a single band or broadcast application to the ground beneath
Surflan 4AS (oryzalin 4
vines before weeds emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or
Annual grasses and lb ai/gal) at 2-6 qt in 20-
postemergence mixed with Roundup or Gramoxone. Min. 0.5 inch
certain broadleaves 40 gal of water
of rainfall or irrigation is required for activation. Min 2.5 months
Other names: Oryzalin
between applications. Max. rate is 12 qt per year.
Treflan HFP 4EC
(trifluralin 4 lb ai/gal) In a new planting, apply 1-4 pt and incorporate within 24 hr. In
Annual grasses and at 1-4 pt in 5-40 gal of an established planting, apply 2-4 pt prior to weed germination or
broadleaves water immediately after removal of weeds with tillage or other herbicides
Other names: Trifluralin, and incorporate within 24 hr. PHI=60 days.
Bayonet, others
Non-bearing: Apply any time prior to germination of target weeds or
Trellis (isoxaben 75% ai) immediately after cultivation. PHI=1 year
Annual and perennial at 0.67-1.33 lb in min. 10 Bearing: Apply prior to germination of target weeds or immediately
broadleaves gal of water after cultivation. Do not apply more than twice per crop year up to a
Other names: Gallery maximum total of 1.33 lb of (1.0 lb isoxaben) per acre per crop year.
PHI=165 days.
Apply as a broadcast or banded soil application directed to the base
of the trunks of bushes or vines. If weeds are present, tank mix with
Zeus Prime|XC a postemergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds. Apply a
(carfentrazone-ethyl single broadcast application at 15.2 fl oz per acre (0.41 lb ai/A). May
Annual and perennial 3.5% and sulfentrazone be applied as a banded treatment twice per year. Do not apply more
grasses and broadleaves 31.8% ai) at 7.7-15.2 fl than 15.2 fl oz of product per acre (0.41 lb ai/A) per year. Allow a
oz per acre in min. 10 gal minimum of 60 days between applications. Do not apply after bud
of water break except with hooded or shielded sprayer. PHI=3 days.
Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least 2
years and are in good condition.
of the trunk of bushes or vines. If weeds are present, tank mix with a
post emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds. Apply a single
Zeus XC (sulfentrazone broadcast application at 8-12 fl oz per acre (0.25-0.375 lb ai/A). May
Annual and perennial 39.6% ai) at 8-12 fl. oz. be applied as a banded treatment twice per year. Allow a minimum of
grasses and broadleaves per acre in a minimum of 60 days between applications. Do not apply more than 12 fl oz (0.375
10 gal of water. lb ai/A) per acre per year. Do not apply after bud break except with
hooded or shielded sprayer. PHI=3 days
Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least 3
years and are in good condition.
Postemergence
Apply any time during the season as a postemergence directed spray
or as a hooded spray treatment. Always add nonionic surfactant at
Aim 2EC or Aim 2EW
0.5% v/v or crop oil at 1% v/v. Mix with Roundup or Gramoxone or
(carfentrazone 2 lb ai/
Annual broadleaves labeled preemergence herbicides for broader weed control. Max. 7.9 fl
gal) at 1-2 fl oz in 20 gal
oz per year. Min. 14 days between applications. PHI=3 days.
of water
Sucker management: Apply when suckers are green. Do not allow
spray to contact desirable fruit, foliage, or green bark.
Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering.

Fusilade DX 2EC
Always add crop oil at 0.5-1% v/v or nonionic surfactant at 0.25-0.5%
Most annual and (fluazifop-p 2 lb ai/gal)
v/v. Avoid contact with grape foliage. Rainfast in 1 hour. Max. rate is
perennial grasses at 16-24 fl oz in 25 gal
24 fl oz per application per acre or 72 fl oz per acre per year. Min. 14
of water
days between applications. PHI=50 days.
67
Herbicide Recommendations for Grape (continued)

Annual broadleaves Goal 2XL See “Preemergence” section above for details.
Apply as directed spray to actively growing weeds. Repeat
applications are necessary to give sustained control. Avoid contact
Gramoxone Inteon 2L
with desired new shoots, fruit, or foliage. Apply as a coarse spray.
Most annual grasses and (paraquat 2 lb ai/gal) at
Always add nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v or crop oil at 1% v/v.
broadleaves and top kill 2.5-4 pt in min. 10 gal
Best results with flat fan nozzles. Max. 5 applications per year.
of perennial weeds of water
Sucker management: Apply when suckers are less than 8 inches
Other names: Firestorm
tall. Do not allow spray to contact desirable fruit, foliage, or green
bark. Restricted use pesticide.
Poast 1.5EC
Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before
Annual and perennial (sethoxydim 1.5 lb ai/
tillering. Always add crop oil at 1% v/v. Max. 2.5 pt per
grasses gal) at 1.5-2.5 pt in min.
application and 5 pt per season. PHI=50 days.
5 gal of water
harvested within one year of application. Apply as a directed spray
Reglone 2L (diquat 2 using a shield for contact burn of weeds. Complete coverage is
Annual grasses and
lb ai/gal) at 1.5-2 pt in essential for good control. Always use a nonionic surfactant at
broadleaves
min. 15 gal of water 0.5% v/v. Can be used during site preparation and up to 1 year of
harvest. Do not allow contact with green stems, foliage or fruits.
PHI=1 year.
Spray only trunks with callused, mature brown bark unless
protected from spray contact by nonporous wraps, grow tubes, or
Rely 280 (glufosinate waxed containers. Apply as a directed spray to actively growing
24.5% ai (2.34 lb/gal)) at weeds. Do not apply more than 246 fl oz per acre per year. For spot
Annual and perennial
48-82 fl oz in min. 15 gal application, mix 1.7 fl oz/gal. PHI=14 days.
grasses and broadleaves
of water Sucker control: apply a split application approximately 4 weeks
Other names: Cheetah apart of 56 fl oz/acre in a minimum of 15 gal/acre. Do not make
spot or directed sprays to trunks. Suckers should not exceed 12
inches long.
Roundup WeatherMax Apply as a directed spray or wiper application to actively growing

5.5EC (glyphosate 5.5 lb weeds in established plantings. Rate depends on equipment used,
Annuals and some ai/gal) at 11 fl oz to 3.3 weed species, and stage of growth. See label for details. Always
perennial grasses and qt in 10-40 gal of water add ammonium sulfate at 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard water or drought
broadleaves Other names: conditions (see label). Do not allow spray to contact any part other
Touchdown, Honcho, than mature bark. Does not provide residual control; can be mixed
Rattler, others with labeled preemergence herbicides. PHI=14 days.
For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum

Scythe 4.2E (pelargonic
Annual and perennial of actively growing weeds. Use low rate for annual weed control
acid 4.2 lb ai/gal) at
grasses and broadleaves and high rate for maximum vegetative burndown. Use as a directed
3-10% spray solution
spray or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.
Select Max (clethodim harvested within one year of application. Apply as a directed spray
Most annual and 2 lb ai/gal) at 6-8 fl oz to actively growing grasses before tillering. Do not use if rain is
perennial grasses Other names: expected within 1 hour. Always add nonionic surfactant at 0.25%
Clethodim, Envoy v/v. Do not use crop oil. May be applied as a spot treatment at
0.32-0.64 fl oz per gal. Max. rate is 32 fl oz per year.
Venue (pyraflufen ethyl Use as a directed spray from dormancy, prior to bloom. Repeat if
Annual broadleaves 0.177 lb ai/gal) at 0.7- needed. Keep off green stems and foliage. Do not apply more than
4.0 fl oz 6.8 fl oz per acre per growing season.
68
Herbicide Recommendations for Blueberry
Preemergence
Apply preemergence or early postemergence. For improved post-
emergence control, apply 3.0 fl oz Callisto followed 3 weeks later
Annual grasses and Callisto (mesotrione 4 by a second application at that rate. Apply prior to bloom. Include
broadleaves lb ai/gal) at 3.0-6.0 fl oz a crop oil concentrate tolerated by blueberries if applied post-
emergence to weeds.
Casoron CS made prior to weed emergence, or when emerged weeds are less
Annual and perennial than 2 inches tall. Use only on well established plants. Do not
(dichlobenil 15.3% ai)
grasses and broadleaves apply during new shoot emergence.
at 1.4 to 2.8 gal
Age restriction: Do not apply to plants less than one year old.
Apply as a uniform band directed at the base of the bush. Avoid
direct spray contact to foliage or green bark. Preferred application
Chateau SW timing is in the fall. Do not apply more than 6 oz per acre per
Annual broadleaves and
(flumioxazin 51% ai) at application. Do not make a sequential application within 30
suppression of grasses
6-12 oz days of the first application. Maximum rate of 12 oz per acre per
12-month period. Note: User must possess a supplemental label at
the time of application.
Devrinol 2-XT
Apply to a weed-free soil surface or tank mix with a suitable
(napropamide 2 lb a.i./
Annual grasses and postemergent herbicide. May be applied to newly planted and
gal) at 2 gal per acre
broadleaves newly established crops. Do not apply more than 2 gal/A per crop
(other formulations are
cycle.
available)
harvested within 1 year of application. Apply in late summer to
Gallery 75DF (isoxaben
early fall; or in early spring prior to weed germination or anytime
75% ai) at 0.66-1.33 lb
immediately after cultivation. Do not apply to new transplants
Most broadleaves in min. 10 gal of water
until soil has settled with no cracks present. Rainfall or irrigation
Other names: Trellis
of 0.5 inch is needed within 21 days of application. Not effective
on germinated weeds. Min. 60 days between applications. Max.
rate is 4 lb/A per 12-month period.
Age Restriction: Use only in fields established at least 1 year.
Karmex 80DF (diuron Apply as a band treatment at the base of bushes. Do not apply
Annual grasses and 80% ai) at 1.5-4 lb in to exposed roots. For AR and MO only: Apply 1.5-2 lb in
broadleaves 25-40 gal of water spring and repeat after harvest in the fall. Always add a nonionic
Selected states only surfactant at 0.25% v/v. For IN and OH only: Apply 2-4 lb in late
spring. Alternatively, apply 2 lb in fall and repeat in spring.
Dormant application only: Apply as a directed spray in the fall
prior to soil freeze-up or early winter when temperatures are below
Kerb 50WP (pronamide
Annual and perennial 55°F. Best weed control results if followed by rainfall or irrigation.
50% ai) at 2-4 lb in 20-
grasses and certain Max. 1 application per year and 4 lb/A per year. Do not apply to
50 gal of water
broadleaves newly transplanted blueberries until roots are well established.
Selected states only
Kerb also has early postemergence activity. Restricted use
pesticide.
Apply in spring before weeds emerge and before canes leaf out,
Princep 4L (simazine or a split application 2 qt in spring plus 2 qt in fall. Do not apply
Annual grasses and
4 lb ai/gal) at 2-4 qt in when fruit is present, or illegal residues may result.
broadleaves
min. 40 gal of water For plants established less than 6 months, apply half the above
rate.
69
Herbicide Recommendations for Blueberry (continued)

Apply with ground equipment as a broadcast application to the
ground on either side of the row. Apply as a single or sequential
application depending on weed pressure. If small weeds are
present, mix with a postemergent broad-spectrum-type herbicide to
maximize and enhance the spectrum of control. For postemergent
Sandea (halosulfuron) nutsedge control, make a single application when nustedge is fully
Annual broadleaf weeds
75%) at 0.5-1 oz in min. emerged, or in two sequential applications. Apply first application
and nutsedge
15 gal of water to the initial nutsedge flush when it has reached the 3-5-leaf stage.
If a second application is needed it can be applied later in the
season. Avoid contact with blueberry bushes. Minimum of 45 days
between applications. PHI=14 days. Do not apply more than 2 oz
per acre per year.
Age restriction: Do not apply to plants established less than 1 year.
Age restriction: Use only on plantings established at least 1 year.
Best results when applied shortly before or after weed emergence.
Sinbar 80WP (terbacil Avoid contact of foliage or fruit with spray or mist. Apply either in
Annual grasses and
80% ai) at 2-3 lb in the spring or after harvest in the fall before weeds emerge or during
broadleaves
min. 25 gal of water early stage of seedling regrowth. Do not use on soils where roots
are exposed. Do not use on sand or loamy sand with 1-3% organic
matter. Use rate varies by soil type.
Snapshot 2.5TG harvested within one year of application. Do not apply to new
Annual grasses and transplants until soil has settled. For best results, 0.5 inch of rain or
certain broadleaves irrigation is needed within 3 days of application. Not effective on
2.5% ai) at 100-200 lb germinated weeds. Min. 60 days between applications. Max. rate is
600 lb per per 12-month period.
Apply as a directed spray to settled and firm soil from fall to
Annual grasses and Solicam DF early spring before weeds emerge. Rainfall or irrigation of 0.5
broadleaves and (norflurazon 78.6% ai) inch is needed within 4 weeks. Do not contact fruit or foliage. Do
suppression of yellow at 2.5-5 lb in min. 20 not apply after bud break on sandy loam soils. Check label for
nutsedge gal of water maximum amount allowed per year depending on soil type. Min. 6
months after planting before first application. PHI=60 days.
Surflan 4AS (oryzalin Make a single band or broadcast application to the ground beneath
plants before weeds emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or
Annual grasses and 4 lb ai/gal) at 2-6 qt in
postemergence mixed with Roundup or Gramoxone. Min. 0.5 inch
certain broadleaves 20-40 gal of water of rainfall or irrigation is required for activation. Min 2.5 months
Other names: Oryzalin between applications. Max. rate is 12 qt per year.
Velpar 2L (hexazinone Apply to pruned blueberries in the spring before leaf emergence
Annual grasses and as a directed soil application. PHI=90 days. Some clones are
2 lb ai/gal) at 0.5-1 gal
broadleaves susceptible to injury.
in 20 gal of water Age Restriction: Use on plantings established at least 3 years.
of the trunks of bushes or vines. If weeds are present, tank mix with
Zeus Prime|XC a postemergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds. Apply a
(carfentrazone-ethyl single broadcast application at 15.2 fl oz per acre (0.41 lb ai/A).
May be applied as a banded treatment twice per year. Do not apply
Annual and perennial 3.5% and sulfentrazone
more than 15.2 fl oz of product per acre (0.41 lb ai/A) per year.
grasses and broadleaves 31.8% ai) at 7.7-15.2 fl Allow a minimum of 60 days between applications. Do not apply
oz per acre in min. 10 after bud break except with hooded or shielded sprayer. PHI=3
gal of water days.
Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least
2 years and are in good condition.
of the trunk of bushes or vines. If weeds are present, tank mix with
a post emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds. Apply a
Zeus XC (sulfentrazone single broadcast application at 8-12 fl oz per acre (0.25-0.375 lb
Annual and perennial 39.6% ai) at 8-12 fl. oz. ai/A). May be applied as a banded treatment twice per year. Allow a
grasses and broadleaves per acre in a minimum minimum of 60 days between applications. Do not apply more than
of 10 gal of water. 12 fl oz (0.375 lb ai/A) per acre per year. Do not apply after bud
break except with hooded or shielded sprayer. PHI=3 days
70
Herbicide Recommendations for Blueberry (continued)

Postemergence
Aim 2EC or Aim 2EW Apply broadcast at base of canes during dormant stage or with
hooded shields between rows during growing season. Always add
Annual broadleaves nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v or crop oil at 1% v/v. Max. 2 fl oz
gal) at 1-2 fl oz in 20 during dormant season and 6.1 fl oz during growing season. Min.
gal of water 14 days between applications. PHI=1 day.
Fusilade DX 2EC harvested within one year of application. Apply as a directed spray
Most annual and (fluazifop-p 2 lb ai/gal) to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add crop oil
perennial grasses at 16-24 fl oz in 25 gal at 1% v/v or nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. Avoid contact with
of water foliage. Rainfast in 1 hour. Max. rate is 72 fl oz per year. Min. 5
days between applications. PHI=1 year.
Gramoxone Inteon 2L Apply as directed spray to actively growing weeds before

Most annual grasses and (paraquat 2 lb ai/gal) at emergence of new canes or shoots. Repeat applications are
necessary to give sustained control. Apply as a coarse spray to
broadleaves and top kill 2-4 pt in min. 50 gal of
avoid drift injury. Avoid contact with desired new shoots, fruit, or
of perennial weeds water foliage. Always add nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v or crop oil at
Other names: Firestorm 1% v/v. Max. 5 applications per year. Restricted use pesticide.
Poast 1.5EC
Annual and perennial Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before
(sethoxydim 1.5 lb ai/
tillering. Always add crop oil at 1% v/v. Max. 2.5 pt per
grasses gal) at 1.5-2.5 pt in min. application and 5 pt per season. PHI=30 days.
5 gal of water
harvested within 1 year of application. Apply as a directed spray
Reglone 2L (diquat 2 using a shield for contact burn of weeds. Complete coverage is
Annual grasses and
lb ai/gal) at 1.5-2 pt in essential for good control. Always add a nonionic surfactant at
broadleaves
min. 15 gal of water 0.06-0.5% v/v. Can be used during site preparation and up to 1
year of harvest. Do not allow contact with green stems, foliage, or
fruits. PHI=1 year.
Rely 280 (glufosinate
24.5% ai (2.34 lb/gal) at Apply as a directed spray to actively growing weeds. Do not apply
Annual and perennial on desirable foliage or drift on foliage, green, or uncallused bark.
48-82 fl oz in min. 15 gal
grasses and broadleaves Coverage of all foliage is necessary for optimum control. Max. rate
of water is 164 fl oz per acre per year. PHI=14 days.
Other names: Cheetah
Apply as a directed spray or wiper application to actively growing

weeds in established plantings. Always add ammonium sulfate
at 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard water or drought conditions. Do
Roundup WeatherMax not allow spray to contact any part other than mature bark. For
5.5EC (glyphosate 5.5 applications within rows of berries, use only selective equipment
Annuals and some lb ai/gal) at 0.5-5.3 qt in (directed spray, hooded sprayer, shielded sprayer, or wiper
application) in order to minimize the potential for overspray or
perennial grasses and 10-40 gal of water.
drift of this product onto the crop. For berry crops, hooded or
broadleaves Other names: shielded sprayers must be fully enclosed (including top, sides,
Touchdown, Honcho, front, and back). Only wiper applications or shielded sprayers
Rattler, others capable of preventing all contact of this product with the crop
may be used. Rate depends on weed species and stage of growth.
Does not provide residual control. Can be mixed with labeled
preemergence herbicides. PHI=14 days.
Scythe 4.2E (pelargonic For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum
grasses and broadleaves and high rate for maximum vegetative burndown. Use as a directed
3-10% spray solution. spray or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.
Most annual and 2 lb ai/gal) at 6-8 fl oz to actively growing grasses before tillering. Do not use crop oil.
perennial grasses Other names: Always add nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. May be applied as a
Clethodim, Envoy spot treatment at 0.32-0.64 fl oz per gal. Rainfast in 1 hr. Max. rate
is 32 fl oz per year.
71
Herbicide Recommendations for Brambles
Preemergence
Casoron CS made prior to weed emergence, or when emerged weeds are less
Annual and perennial
(dichlobenil 15.3% ai) than 2 inches tall. Use only on well established plants. Do not
grasses and broadleaves
at 1.4 to 2.8 gal apply during new shoot emergence.
Age restriction: Do not apply to plants less than one year old.
Devrinol 2-XT
Apply to a weed-free soil surface or tank mix with a suitable
(napropamide 2 lb a.i./
Annual grasses and postemergent herbicide. May be applied to newly planted and
gal) at 2 gal per acre
broadleaves newly established crops. Do not apply more than 2 gal/A per crop
(other formulations are
cycle.
available)
harvested within 1 year of application. Apply in late summer to
Gallery 75DF (isoxaben early fall; or in early spring prior to weed germination or anytime
75% ai) at 0.66-1.33 lb immediately after cultivation. Do not apply to new transplants
Most broadleaves
in min. 10 gal of water until soil has settled with no cracks present. Rainfall or irrigation
Other names: Trellis of 0.5 inch is needed within 21 days of application. Not effective
on germinated weeds. Min. 60 days between applications. Max.
rate is 4 lb/A per 12-month period.
Age restriction: Apply in fields established at least 1 year. Max.
Karmex 80DF (diuron
1 application per year. Do not spray exposed roots to avoid injury.
Annual grasses and 80% ai) at 3 lb in 25-40
IN and OH only: Apply 3 lb in late spring for raspberries. If
broadleaves gal of water
used postemergence, avoid contact with foliage. Best results if
Selected states only
temperature is at least 70°F with high humidity.
Apply in spring before weeds emerge and before canes leaf out, or
Princep 4L (simazine
Annual grasses and make a split application of 2 qt in spring plus 2 qt in fall. Do not
4 lb ai/gal) at 2-4 qt in
broadleaves apply when fruit is present, or illegal residues may result.
min. 40 gal of water
On plants established less then 6 months, apply at half the rate.
Apply with ground equipment as a broadcast application to
the ground on either side of the row. Apply as a single or
sequential application depending on weed pressure. If small
weeds are present, mix with a postemergent broad-spectrum-type
herbicide to maximize and enhance the spectrum of control. For
postemergent nutsedge control, make a single application when
Sandea (halosulfuron) nustedge is fully emerged, or in two sequential applications. Apply
Annual broadleaf weeds
75%) at 0.5-1 oz in min. first application to the initial nutsedge flush when it has reached
and nutsedge
15 gal of water the 3-5-leaf stage. If a second application is needed it can be
applied later in the season. Apply prior to primocane emergence or
after cane burning. Avoid contact with canes. Minimum of 45 days
between applications. Do not apply more than 2 oz per acre per
year. PHI=14 days.
Age restriction: Do not apply to plants established less than 1
year.
Make a single band or broadcast application as a directed spray to
soil beneath the canes in the fall or early spring before fruit set and
Sinbar 80WP (terbacil shortly before or after weed emergence. Avoid contact of foliage
Annual grasses and
80% ai) at 1-2 lb in or fruit with spray or mist. Do not use on soils where roots are
broadleaves
min. 20 gal of water exposed.
Age restriction: Use only on plantings established at least 1 year.
PHI=70 days.
harvested within 1 year of application. For best results, 0.5 inch
Snapshot 2.5TG
Annual grasses and of rain or irrigation is needed within 3 days of application. Not
certain broadleaves effective on germinated weeds Do not apply to new transplants
2.5% ai) at 100-200 lb
until soil has settled. Min. 60 days between applications. Max. rate
is 600 lb per per 12-month period.
72
Herbicide Recommendations for Brambles (continued)

Apply as a directed spray to settled and firm soil from fall to early
spring before weeds emerge. Rainfall or irrigation of 0.5 inch
Annual grasses and Solicam DF
within 4 weeks to activate. Do not contact fruit or foliage. Do
broadleaves and (norflurazon 78.6% ai)
not apply after bud break on sandy loam soils. Check label for
suppression of yellow at 2.5-5 lb in min. 20
maximum amount allowed per year depending on soil type.
nutsedge gal of water
Age Restriction: Minimum 12 months after planting before first
application. PHI=60 days.
Make a single band or broadcast application to the ground beneath
Surflan 4AS (oryzalin
vines before weeds emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or
Annual grasses and 4 lb ai/gal) at 2-6 qt in
postemergence mixed with Roundup or Gramoxone. Rainfall or
certain broadleaves 20-40 gal of water
irrigation of 0.5 inch is required for activation. Min 2.5 months
Other names: Oryzalin
between applications. Max. rate is 12 qt per year.
Apply as a broadcast or banded soil application directed to the
base of the trunks of bushes or vines. If weeds are present, tank
mix with a postemergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds.
Zeus Prime|XC
Apply a single broadcast application at 15.2 fl oz per acre (0.41
(carfentrazone-ethyl
lb ai/A). May be applied as a banded treatment twice per year. Do
Annual and perennial 3.5% and sulfentrazone
not apply more than 15.2 fl oz of product per acre (0.41 lb ai/A)
grasses and broadleaves 31.8% ai) at 7.7-15.2 fl
per year. Allow a minimum of 60 days between applications. Do
oz per acre in min. 10
not apply after bud break except with hooded or shielded sprayer.
gal of water
PHI=3 days.
Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at
least 2 years and are in good condition.
of the trunk of bushes or vines. If weeds are present, tank mix with
a post emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds. Apply a
Zeus XC (sulfentrazone single broadcast application at 8-12 fl oz per acre (0.25-0.375 lb
Annual and perennial 39.6% ai) at 8-12 fl. oz. ai/A). May be applied as a banded treatment twice per year. Allow a
grasses and broadleaves per acre in a minimum minimum of 60 days between applications. Do not apply more than
of 10 gal of water. 12 fl oz (0.375 lb ai/A) per acre per year. Do not apply after bud
break except with hooded or shielded sprayer. PHI=3 days
Postemergence
Apply with hooded shields between rows during growing season.
Always add nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v or crop oil at 1%
Aim 2EC or Aim 2EW
v/v. Max. 25.6 fl oz per year. Min. 14 days between applications.
Annual broadleaves PHI=15 days.
gal) at 1-2 fl oz in 20
Primocane control: Apply when primocanes are 6 inches at 6.4 fl
gal of water
oz in min. 20 gal of water at intervals 14-21 days. Direct sprays to
bottom 18 inches of canes.
Fusilade DX 2EC harvested within 1 year of application. Apply as a directed spray
Most annual and (fluazifop-p 2 lb ai/gal) to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add crop oil
perennial grasses at 16-24 fl oz in 25 gal at 1% v/v or nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. Avoid contact with
of water foliage. Rainfast in 1 hour. Max. rate is 72 fl oz per year. Min. 5
days between applications. PHI=1 year.
Apply as directed spray to actively growing weeds before
Gramoxone Inteon 2L
emergence of new canes or shoots. Repeat applications are
Most annual grasses and (paraquat 2 lb ai/gal) at
necessary to give sustained control. Apply as a coarse spray to
avoid drift injury. Avoid contact with desired new shoots, fruit, or
of perennial weeds water
foliage. Always add nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v or crop oil at
1% v/v. Max. 5 applications per year. Restricted use pesticide.
Annual grasses and
Karmex 80DF See “Preemergence” for more details.
broadleaves
73
Herbicide Recommendations for Brambles (continued)

Poast 1.5EC
Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before
Annual and perennial (sethoxydim 1.5 lb ai/
tillering. Always add crop oil at 1% v/v. Max. 5 pt per season.
grasses gal) at 1.5-2.5 pt in min.
May be used as a spot treatment at 1-1.5% solution. PHI=45 days.
5 gal of water

harvested within 1 year of application. Apply as a directed spray
Reglone 2L (diquat 2 lb using a shield for contact burn of weeds. Complete coverage is
Annual grasses and
ai/gal) at 1.5-2 pt in min. essential for good control. Always use a nonionic surfactant at
broadleaves
15 gal of water 0.06-0.5% v/v. Can be used during site preparation and up to 1
year of harvest. Do not allow contact with green stems, foliage or
fruits. PHI=1 year.
Apply as a directed spray or wiper application to actively growing

weeds in established plantings. Always add ammonium sulfate
at 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard water or drought conditions. Do
not allow spray to contact any part other than mature bark. For
Roundup WeatherMax
applications within rows of berries, use only selective equipment
5.5EC (glyphosate 5.5
(directed spray, hooded sprayer, shielded sprayer, or wiper
Annuals and some lb ai/gal) at 0.5-5.3 qt in
application) in order to minimize the potential for overspray or
drift of this product onto the crop. For berry crops, hooded or
broadleaves Other names:
shielded sprayers must be fully enclosed (including top, sides,
Touchdown, Honcho,
front, and back). Only wiper applications or shielded sprayers
Rattler, others
capable of preventing all contact of this product with the crop
may be used. Rate depends on weed species and stage of growth.
Does not provide residual control. Can be mixed with labeled
preemergence herbicides. PHI=14 days.
For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum

grasses and broadleaves and high rate for maximum vegetative burndown. Use as a
directed spray or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.

Most annual and 2 lb ai/gal) at 6-8 fl oz to actively growing grasses before tillering. Do not use crop oil.
perennial grasses Other names: Always add nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. May be applied as a
Clethodim, Envoy spot treatment at 0.32-0.64 fl oz/gal). Rainfast in 1 hr. Max. rate is
32 fl oz per year.
74
Herbicide Recommendations for Strawberry
Preemergence
Pre-transplanting: Apply a minimum of 30 days before
transplanting and before laying plastic. Can be mixed with
Gramoxone or Roundup.
Preemergence on dormant plants: Can be applied over the top
Chateau SW of newly planted dormant strawberries. Add crop oil at 1% v/v or
Annual broadleaves and
(flumioxazin 51% ai) nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v to help control emerged broadleaf
suppression of grasses
at 3 oz weeds. Do not apply to frozen ground.
Shielded or hooded application in row middles: Do not apply
after fruit set and not over strawberry plants. Apply prior to weed
emergence or mixed with Gramoxone or Roundup.
Note: Supplemental label must be in user’s possession.
At planting: Apply 12 pt at transplanting. Can be preplant
incorporated. Clean cultivate or hoe if necessary before treatment.
Dacthal 6F (DCPA 6 lb
Annual grasses and Established: Apply in early fall or in early spring immediately
ai/gal) at 8-12 pt in min.
some broadleaves after mulch removal. Clean cultivate or hoe if necessary before
20 gal of water
treatment. Applications may be made directly over the plants
without injury. Do not apply from bloom through harvest.
Established plantings (spring): Apply after removing straw
mulch. Water into soil to a depth of 2-4 inches (by rainfall or
irrigation) within 24-72 hours of application.
Established plantings (fall): Apply before putting winter
protective mulch over plants. Water into soil to a depth of 2-4
inches (by rainfall or irrigation) within 24-72 hours of application.
Do not apply to frozen ground. Do not exceed a maximum
Devrinol 2-XT application rate of 2 gal/A per crop cycle.
(napropamide 2 lb a.i./ Strawberries not grown with plastic: Apply to a weed-free
Annual grasses and
gal) at 2 gal per acre soil surface. May be applied to newly transplanted crops. Delay
certain broadleaves
(other formulations are application until the desired number of daughter plants has become
available) established. Do not exceed a maximum application rate of 2 gal/A
per crop cycle. Do not apply from bloom through harvest.
Strawberries grown with plastic mulch on plant beds: Apply to
a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Incorporate to a depth
of 2 inches within 24-72 hours of application and before laying
plastic. May also be applied to soil between beds.
Do not exceed a maximum application rate of 2 gal/A per crop
cycle. Do not apply from bloom through harvest.
Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen
2 lb ai/gal) at 1-2 pt in Fallow bed preparation only: Apply with Roundup for control
Annual broadleaves,
min. 40 gal of water of winter annual broadleaves a minimum of 30 days before
especially winter Other names: Galigan, transplanting. Fallow bed should be worked thoroughly to a depth
annuals Goaltender, Oxiflo, of 2.5 inches prior to planting.
others
Apply as a broadcast spray before transplanting or after
transplanting but before growth starts. May not be used on beds
that will be covered in plastic. A second application may be used
Prowl H2O 3.8E in a band between rows up to 35 days before harvest. Do not
(pendimethalin 3.8 lb allow the spray to contact strawberry foliage. May be applied
ai/gal) at 1.5-3.0 pt in to strawberries in fall or winter dormancy prior to the onset of
Annual grasses and
min. 10 gal of water. new growth. May be applied to perennial strawberries during
certain broadleaves
Rate depends on soil renovation after foliage has been mowed, but prior to the onset of
type. See label for new growth. Adequate rainfall or irrigation after application prior
details. to weed emergence will provide the most benefit. Max. 3 pt per
application and 6 pt per season. PHI=35 days. Do not use if row is
later to be covered with plastic. Supplemental label must be in the
possession of the user at the time of application.
75
Herbicide Recommendations for Strawberry (continued)

Planting year: Apply 2-3 oz immediately after transplanting but
before runners start to root. Application of 2-6 oz can also be made
to dormant plants in late summer or early fall for control of winter
annual weeds. If transplants have started to develop new foliage in
the spring, or are not dormant in late summer or early fall at time
of application, then 0.5-1 inch of rain or irrigation is necessary to
Sinbar 80WP (terbacil wash Sinbar off. Do not use on soils with less than 0.5% organic
Annual grasses and material, as plant injury can occur.
80% ai) at 2-8 oz in
broadleaves Harvest years: Apply 4-8 oz after post-harvest renovation and
min. 20 gal of water
before new growth begins in midsummer. An additional 4-8 oz
prior to mulching in late fall is recommended to extend weed
control through harvest of the following year. Max. 8 oz per
season. PHI=110 days.
Note: Strawberry varieties differ in sensitivity to Sinbar, and
significant plant injury is possible. Conduct a field test before
adoption as a normal practice, particularly for new varieties.
Apply prior to planting, post-transplant before new leaves emerge

Spartan 4F from dormant crowns, or during dormancy. Do not apply more than
Annual broadleaf weeds, (sulfentrazone 39.6%) at 8 fl oz per acre per application or more than 12 oz (0.375 lb ai) per
grasses and nutsedge 4-8 oz in 20-40 gal of acre per year. Rate depends on soil texture. Some cultivars may be
water sensitive. See label. Some states may have supplemental or Special
Local Need labels. PHI=70 days.
Postemergence
Apply with hooded shields between rows during growing season to
Aim 2EC or Aim 2EW
actively growing weeds. Best results when weeds are <4 inches and
Annual broadleaves rosettes <3 inches across. Always add nonionic surfactant at 0.25%
gal) at 0.5-2 fl oz in min.
v/v or crop oil at 1% v/v. Max. 6.1 fl oz per year. Min. 14 days
10 gal of water
between applications. PHI=0 day.
2,4-D amine (4lb ai/gal) For established plantings only: Apply in early spring when
at 2-3 pt in 25-50 gal of strawberries are dormant or immediately after last picking. Do not
Annual and some water apply unless possible injury to the crop is acceptable. Do not tank
perennial broadleaves Other names: Formula mix with Poast. Several 2,4-D amine products are available, but
40, Amine 4, Clean only a few are labeled for strawberry. Check label for specific use
Amine, others directions.

Fusilade DX 2EC harvested within 1 year of application. Apply as a directed spray to
Most annual and (fluazifop-p 2 lb ai/gal) actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add crop oil at 1%
perennial grasses at 16-24 fl oz in 25 gal v/v or nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. Avoid contact with foliage.
of water Rainfast in 1 hour. Max. rate is 72 fl oz per year. Min. 5 days between
applications. PHI=1 year.
Annual broadleaves Goal 2XL See “Preemergence” section above for details.
Gramoxone Inteon 2L
Apply as a directed spray between rows, using shields to protect
Most annual grasses and (paraquat 2lb ai/gal) at
strawberry plants. Do not allow spray to contact foliage. Add a
nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v or crop oil at 1% v/v. Max. 3
of perennial weeds water
applications/year. Restricted use pesticide. PHI=21 days.
Apply to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add

Most annual and Poast 1.5EC (sethoxydim crop oil at 1% v/v. May be used as a spot treatment at 1-1.5% spray
perennial grasses 1.5 lb ai/gal) at 1-2.5 pt solution. Max. 2.5 pt per application and 2.5 pt per season. Caution:
(postemergence only) in 25 gal of water Application of Poast up to six weeks after Sinbar application can
occasionally cause strawberry leaf injury. PHI=7 days.
76
Herbicide Recommendations for Strawberry (continued)

Apply as pre-plant broadcast application or in fall prior to planting
Roundup WeatherMax
for control of roots and rhizomes of perennial weeds or as a directed
5.5EC (glyphosate 5.5
spray or wiper application (20-100% solution) to actively growing
Annuals and some lb ai/gal) at 0.5-5.3 qt in
weeds between rows in established plantings. Always add ammonium
sulfate 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard water or drought conditions. Do not
allow spray to contact any desired plants. Does not provide residual
Touchdown, Honcho,
control; can be mixed with labeled preemergence herbicides. Rate
Rattler, others
depends on weed species and stage of growth. PHI=14 days.
For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum of

Annual and perennial actively growing weeds. Use low rate for annual weed control and
grasses and broadleaves high rate for maximum vegetative burndown. Use as a directed spray
or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.
Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering.

Select Max (clethodim 2
Always add crop oil at 1% v/v. Rainfast in 1 hr. Max. rate is 32
Most annual and lb ai/gal) at 6-8 fl oz
fl oz per year and 8 fl oz per application. Min. 14 days between
perennial grasses Other names: Clethodim,
applications. May be applied as a spot treatment at 0.32-0.64 fl oz/
Envoy
gal. PHI=4 days.
For perennial strawberries only. Make one application after harvest.

Do not tank mix with other herbicides. Make only one application per
Solix 3 (clopyralid 3 lb
crop year.
Annual and perennial ai/gal) at 2/3 pint
Solix 3 is not registered in all states. Check with your State Chemist
Office to be sure.
Stinger
Stinger has 24(c) Special local needs registration in several states.
Check with your State Chemist Office to be sure.
May be applied up to the maximum application rate of 1.5 pt per acre

per application using ground equipment. Make broadcast applications
in 20 to 40 gal water per acre. Reduce rates proportionally for band
or strip treatment. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season.
Apply with nonionic surfactant or crop oil concentrate.
Annual strawberries grown on plastic mulch: Make one banded
Ultra Blazer 2E
application before laying plastic and after final land preparation,
Annual grasses and (acifluorfen 2 lb ai/gal)
and prior to transplanting the crop. For application between rows
broadleaves at 1.5 pt in min. 20 gal
of plastic mulch, apply as a direct-shielded application between
of water
mulched beds. Do not allow contact with strawberry plants. PHI=60
days.
Perennial strawberry (matted row): Make 2 applications: the first
can be made after the last harvest or following bed renovation, the
second can be made when plants are dormant during late fall to early
spring. PHI=120 days.
77
Table 12. Herbicides Registered for Weed Control in Small Fruit
Risk of Signal
Trade Name Common Name Crop Use REI HRAC1
Resistance Word
Preemergence control of grasses and/or broadleaf weeds
Alion indaziflam grape medium caution 12 hr L/-29
Callisto mesotrione blueberry medium caution 12 hr F2/27
Casoron, Norosac dichlobenil blueberry, brambles, grape medium caution 12 hr L/20
Chateau flumioxazin grape, strawberry medium caution 12 hr E/14
Dachtal DCPA strawberry low caution 12 hr K1/3
Devrinol napropamide blueberry, brambles, grape, low caution 24 hr K3/15
strawberry
Gallery, Trellis isoxaben nonbearing blueberry, brambles, medium caution 12 hr L/21
grape
Goal oxyfluorfen grape, strawberry medium warning 24 hr E/14
Karmex diuron blueberry, brambles, grape medium caution 12 hr C2/7
Kerb (RUP) pronamide blueberry, grape low caution 24 hr K1/3
Matrix rimsulfuron grape medium caution 4hr B/2
Princep simazine blueberry, brambles, grape medium caution 12 hr C1/5
Prowl H2O pendimethalin strawberry, grape low caution 12 hr K1/3
Sandea halosulfuron blueberry low caution 12 hr B/2
Sinbar terbacil blueberry, brambles, strawberry medium caution 12 hr C1/5
Snapshot isoxaben + nonbearing grape, blueberry, medium caution 12 hr L/21 +
trifluralin brambles K1/3
Solicam norflurazon blueberry, brambles, grape medium caution 12 hr F1/12
Surflan oryzalin blueberry, brambles, grape low caution 24 hr K1/3
Treflan trifluralin grape low caution 12 hr K1/3
Velpar hexazinone blueberry medium danger 48 hr C1/5
Zeus XC, Spartan sulfentrazone grape, blueberry, brambles, medium caution 12 hr E/14
strawberry
carfentrazone-
Zeus Prime|XC ethyl + grape, blueberry, brambles medium caution 12 hr E/14
sulfentrazone
Postemergence control of grasses
Fusilade fluazifop nonbearing blueberry, brambles, high caution 12 hr A/1
grape & strawberry, bearing grape
Poast sethoxydim blueberry, brambles, grape, high warning 12 hr A/1
strawberry
Scythe pelargonic acid blueberry, brambles, grape, low warning 12 hr Z/17
strawberry
Select clethodim strawberry & nonbearing high warning 12 hr A/1
blueberry, brambles, & grape
Postemergence control of broadleaf weeds
Aim carfentrazone grape, blueberry, brambles, medium caution 12 hr E/14
strawberry
Amine 4 2,4-D amine strawberry low danger 48 hr O/4
Goal oxyfluorfen grape, strawberry medium warning 24 hr E/14
Solix 3 clopyralid strawberry medium caution 12 hr O/4
Venue pyraflufen ethyl grape medium caution 12 hr E/14
Postemergence control of grasses and broadleaf weeds
Gramoxone paraquat blueberry, brambles, grape, medium poison 12 hr D/22
Inteon (RUP) strawberry
Roundup glyphosate blueberry, brambles, grape low caution 12 hr G/9
Reglone diquat nonbearing grape, blueberry, medium medium 24 hr D/22
brambles
Rely glufosinate grape low warning 12 hr H/10
Ultra Blazer acifluorfen strawberry medium danger 48 hr E/14
1
Herbicide Resistance Action Committee/Weed Science Society of America classification.
78
Table 13. Relative Effectiveness of Herbicides for Small Fruit Crops
Grasses Annual Broadleaves Perennial Weeds
Herbicide
Barnyardgrass
Crabgrass
Foxtails
Goosegrass
Panicum, Fall
Chickweed
Cocklebur
Galinsoga
Groundsel, Common
Henbit
Jimsonweed
Lambsquarters
Marestail
Morningglory, Annual
Mustards
Nightshades
Pigweed
Purslane
Ragweed
Shepherdspurse
Smartweeds
Velvetleaf
Violet, Field
Dandelion
Nutsedge, Yellow
Thistle, Canada
Woodsorrel, Yellow
Preemergence
Alion G G G G G G N N G F N F G F G N G G F G G G N G N N F
Callisto N N N N N G G G N N G G F F N G G N G N G G N N F N N
Casoron N G G G G G F N G G N G F N G N G G G G G G N G N G G
Chateau N N N N N F F N N N G G G F N G G G F G F F N N N N N
Dacthal G G G G G F N N N N N F N N N N F F N N N N G N N N N
Devrinol G G G G G G F N N N N F N N N N G G N N N N N N N N N
Gallery, Trellis N N N N N G F N G G N G F N G G G G G N N G N N N N G
Goal N N F F N N F N G F G G F F G G G F N F F F G N N N F
Karmex G G F G F G F G G G N G F F G G G G G G N P N N N N N
Kerb G N F G G G N N N G N G N G G G N G F G F N N N N N N
Matrix G G G N G N F N G G N F G N G F F G F F F F N G F F N
Princep G G G G G G N G G G F G N G G G G G G G N F N N F N N
Prowl G G G G G G N F N N N G N N N N F F N G F F N N N N N
Sandea N N N N N N F G G N N G F N G N G F G G G G N N G N N
Sinbar G G G N G G N G F G G G N N G G G G G G G N N G F N N
Snapshot G G F G G G F G G G G G F F G F G N N G F G N G N N G
Solicam G G G G G G G G F F G G F N G F G F G G N G N N F N N
Surflan G G G G G G N F F G N G N N N F G G F G F F N N N N N
Treflan G G G G G N N N N G N F N N F N G G N N N N N N N N F
Zeus Prime|XC G G G G G G N G G G G G N G G G G G N G G N N N G G N
Zeus XC, Spartan N G N G N G N G G N G G N G G G G G N G F F F G G G F
Postemergence
2,4-D N N N N N F F N G N F F G G G G F N G G F F N G N F N
Aim N N N N N N F N G F F G N G G G G G F F F G N N N F N
Chateau N N N N N G N N N N F G G F N F F G F G F G N N N N N
Fusilade G G G G G N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Goal N F F F N N F G G G G G F F G G G F N F F F G N N N F
Gramoxone G G G G G G G F G G G G G G G G G G G N G G G N N N N
Poast G G G G G N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Rely G N G G G G G F N N G G G G G G G G G G G F N G F G N
Roundup G G G G G G G G G G G G F G G G G G G G G G G G F G G
Select G G G G G N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Solix 3 N N N N N N F N G N G N G N N G N N G N F N N G N G N
Ultra Blazer N N G N G N F G N N G G N G G G G G G N G G N N N N N
79
Venue N N N N N G G N N G N G F G N G G G G G G G N G N N N
Rating key: G=Good, F=Fair, N= not listed, based on product labels.
80
Record Keeping Requirements for Production Chemicals
The following list contains the trade name, common name, manufacturer, EPA registration number, restricted entry interval (REI), runoff potential and leaching potential for
pesticides registered for use in Michigan. The list was prepared to provide growers a convenient place to find information for pesticide recordkeeping requirements. This is
a partial list of the commonly used pesticides on fruit crops in Michigan and is not intended to be a complete list. It is the grower’s responsibility to confirm the registration
number, REI, proper use, and other information for specific pesticides. Always read and follow label directions. Source: Michigan Fruit Management Guide (Michigan State
University Extension publication E-154). Used with permission of Michigan State University.
Fungicides/Bactericides
Runoff/Leach Dermal
Trade Name Common Name Manufacturer EPA Reg. # REI1 Oral LD50 Chem Group (FRAC Code)3
Potential2 LD50
Abound azoxystrobin Syngenta 100-1098 4 hrs 1/3 >5000 >4000 methoxyacrylate (11)
ActinoGrow Streptomyces lydicus Natural Industries 73314-1 1 hr 2/3 - - glucopyranosyl antiobiotic (25)
Adament tebuconazole+trifloxystrobin Bayer CropScience 264-1052 12 hrs 1/2 >5000 >5000 triazole/oximino acetate (3 & 11)
Ag Streptomycin streptomycin sesquisulfate Bayer CropScience 264-974 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2000 glucopyranosyl antiobiotic (25)
Ag Streptomycin streptomycin sesquisulfate Makhteshim Agan 66222-121 12 hrs 1/3 >5436 >5000 glucopyranosyl antiobiotic (25)
AgriFos potassium phosphite Liquid Fertiliser 71962-1 4 hrs 3/1 - - phosphonate (33)
Agri-Mycin 17 Ag streptomycin sesquisulfate NuFarm 55146-96 12 hrs 3/1 >5000 >2000 glucopyranosyl antiobiotic (25)
Aliette WDG fosetyl-Al Bayer CropScience 264-516 12 hrs 3/3 2860 >2000 ethyl phosphonate (33)
Ecomate Armicarb “O” potassium bicarbonate Helena 5905-541 4 hrs 3/1 2700 >5000 not classified
Bayleton 50 DF triadimefon Amvac 264-737-5481 12 hrs 3/2 812-1470 >2000 triazole (3)
Trichoderma gamsii +
Bio-Tam Agraquest 80289-9-69592 1 hr -/- >2000 >2000 NC
Trichoderma asperellum
Bloomtime Biological Pantoea agglomerans Northwest Ag 71975-1 4 hrs -/- - - NC
Blossom Protect Aureobasidium pullulans Bio-Ferm 86174-4 4 hrs -/- >2000 >2000 NC
Botran 75W dicloran Gowan 10163-189 12 hrs 2/3 >4640 >6320 aromatic hydrocarbon (4)
Bravo Weather Stik chlorothalonil Syngenta 50534-188-100 12 hrs 2/3 9000 >2000 chloronitrile (M5)
Bumper propiconazole Makhteshim Agan 66222-42 12 hrs 1/2 972-2000 >5000 triazole (3)
Cabrio pyraclostrobin BASF 7969-187 12 hrs 1/3 >2000 >2000 methoxycarbamate (11)
Captan 80WDG captan Arysta 66222-58-66330 24-72 hrs 3/3 >2000 >5000 phthalimide (M4)
Captec 4FL captan Arysta 66330-239 24-48 hrs 3/3 >5000 >2000 phthalimide (M4)
CaptEvate fenhexamid+captan Arysta 66330-48 24-48 hrs 3/3 >2000 >5000 hydroxyanilide/phthalimide (17 & M4)
Champ DP copper hydroxide NuFarm 55146-57 48 hrs 1/3 1346 >5000 inorganic (M1)
Champ Formula 2 copper hydroxide NuFarm 55146-64 48 hrs 1/3 1630 >5000 inorganic (M1)
Chlorothalonil 720 chlorothalonil Arysta 66330-362 12 hrs 2/3 9000 >2000 chloronitrile (M5)
Copper Sulfate copper sulfate ChemOne Ltd 56576-1 24 hrs 1/3 330 - inorganic (M1)
Cueva copper octanoate Certis 67702-2-70051 4 hrs 1/3 >2000 >2000 inorganic (M1)
Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss basic copper sulfate UnitedPhosphorus 70506-201 48 hrs 1/3 300-960 >2000 inorganic (M1)
Dithane M-45 mancozeb DowAgrosciences 62719-387 24 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
Eagle myclobutanil DowAgrosciences 62719-463 24 hrs 2/2 3749 >2000 triazole (3)
Echo 720 chlorothalonil Sipcam Agro 60063-7 12 hrs 2/3 3260 >2000 chloronitrile (M5)
Elevate fenhexamid Arysta 66330-35 12 hrs 3/3 >2000 >2000 hydroxyanilide (17)
Endura boscalid BASF 7969-197 12 hrs 1/2 >2000 >2000 pyridine-carboxamide -7)
Equus 500 ZN chlorothalonil Makhteshim Agan 66222-150 12 hrs 2/3 3750 >2000 chloronitrile (M5)
Equus 720 SST chlorothalonil Makhteshim Agan 66222-154 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >5000 chloronitrile (M5)
Record Keeping Requirements for Production Chemicals — FUNGICIDES/BACTERICIDES (continued)
Equus DF chlorothalonil Makhteshim Agan 66222-149 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 chloronitrile (M5)
Ferbam Granuflo ferbam Taminco, Inc. 45728-7 24 hrs 3/2 >5000 >4000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
FireLine 17 WP oxytetracycline hydrochloride Agrosource 80990-1 12 hrs 2/3 6646 >2000 tetracycline antibiotic (41)
Flint trifloxystrobin Bayer CropScience 264-777 12 hrs 2/3 >5050 >2000 oximino acetate (11)
Fontelis penthiopyrad DuPont 352-834 12 hrs -/- >5000 >5000 pyridine-carboxamide (7)
Forum dimethomorph BASF 241-427 12 hrs 2/2 500-2000 >4000 cinnamic acid amides (40)
Fosphite potassium salts JH Biotech 68573-2 4 hrs 3/1 - - not classified
Fungi-phite potassium salts Plant Protectants 83472-110163 4 hrs 3/1 - >300 not classified
Gavel mancozeb+zoxamide Gowan 10163-6414 48 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5000 dithiocarbamate/toluamide (M3 & 22)
Gem trifloxystrobin Bayer CropScience 264-781 12 hrs 2/3 >5050 >2000 oximino acetate (11)
Indar 2F fenbuconazole DowAgrosciences 62719-416 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5000 triazole (3)
Inspire Super difenoconazole+cyprodinil Syngenta 100-1317 12 hrs 1/3 5000 >5000 triazole/anilinopyrimidine (3 & 9)
Inspire Super MP difenoconazole Syngenta 100-1262 12 hrs 1/3 3129 >2000 triazole (3)
Iprodione 4L AG Flowable iprodione Arysta 66330-297 24-48 hrs 3/3 >2000 >1000 dicarboximide (2)
JMS Stylet Oil paraffinic oil JMS Flower Farms 65564-1 4 hrs -/- >5000 >5000 not classified
Kocide 101 copper hydroxide DuPont 352-681 24 hrs 1/3 833 >5000 inorganic (M1)
Koverall mancozeb Cheminova 67760-110 24 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
Kumulus DF sulfur Arysta 51036-352-66330 24 hrs 1/1 >2200 >2000 inorganic (M2)
Lime Sulfur Solutions lime sulfur Miller 66196-2-72 48 hrs -/- 820 >2000 inorganic (M2)
Luna Experience fluopyram+tebuconazole Bayer CropScience 264-1091 12 hrs-10 days -/- >2000 >2000 pyridine-carboxamide/triazole (7 & 3)
Luna Privilege fluopyram Bayer CropScience 264-1078 12 hrs -/- >2000 2000 pyridine-carboxamide (7)
pyridine-carboxamide/methoxy-
Luna Sensation fluopyram+trifloxystrobin Bayer CropScience 264-1090 12 hrs -/- 2000 >2000
carbamates (7 & 11)
pyridine-carboxamide/anilinopyrimidine
Luna Tranquility fluopyram+pyrimethanil Bayer CropScience 264-1085 12 hrs -/- >2000 >2000
(7 & 9)
MagnaBon CS 2005 copper sulfate pentahydrate Magna-Bon II 66675-3 48 hrs 1/3 - - inorganic (M1)
Maneb 75 DF maneb United Phosphorus 70506-186 24 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
ManKocide mancozeb+copper hydroxide DuPont 352-690 48 hrs 1/3 2535 >5000 dithiocarbamate/inorganic (M3 & M1)
MasterCop copper sulfate Makhteshim Agan 55272-18-66222 48 hrs 1/3 >1030 >5050 inorganic (M1)
pyridine-carboxamide/methoxy-
Merivon fluxapyroxad+ pyraclostrobin BASF 7969-310 12 hrs 1/3 300-500 >5000
carbamates (7 & 11)
Mertect 340-F thiabendazole Syngenta 100-889 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5050 benzimidazole (1)
Messenger Gold harpin protein Plant Health Care 71771-3 4 hrs 2/3 >5050 >5050 NC
MetaStar 2E Ag metalaxyl Arysta 71532-5-66330 48 hrs 3/3 >669 >3100 acylalanine (4)
Mettle 125ME tetraconazole Isagro Spa 80289-8 12 hrs-7 days 2/1 4090-5000 >2000 triozole (3)
Microthiol Disperss sulfur United Phosphorus 70506-187 24 hrs 1/1 >2000 >2000 inorganic (M2)
Miller Sulforix lime sulfur Miller 66196-3-72 48 hrs -/- 820 >2000 inorganic (M2)
Milstop potassium bicarbonate Bioworks 70870-1-68539 1 hr 3/1 2700 >5000 not classified
Mycoshield Ag Terramycin oxytetracycline NuFarm 55146-97 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 tetracycline antibiotic (41)
Nevado iprodione Makhteshim Agan 66222-144 24-48 hrs 3/3 >1170 >2000 dicarboximide (2)
Omega 500 F fluazinam Syngenta 71512-1-100 48 hrs-3 days 2/3 >5000 >2000 2,6-dinotro-anilines (29)
Optiva Bacillus subtilis Agraquest 69592-26 4 hrs -/- >5000 >5050 microbial (4)
Orbit propiconazole Syngenta 100-702 12 hrs 1/2 1310 >5000 triazole (3)
Orius tebuconazole Makhteshim Agan 264-749-66222 12 hrs 1/2 2593-4865 >2000 triazole (3)
Oxidate hydrogen peroxide Biosafe Systems 70299-2 SL 3/3 330 1410 NC
81
Penncozeb 75DF mancozeb United Phosphorus 70506-185 24 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
82
Runoff/Leach Dermal
Trade Name Common Name Manufacturer EPA Reg. # REI1 Oral LD50 Chem Group (FRAC Code)3
Potential2 LD50
Penncozeb 80WP mancozeb United Phosphorus 70506-183 24 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
Phostrol phosphorous acid NuFarm 55146-83 4 hrs 3/1 >5000 >5000 phosphonate (33)
PlantShield Trichoderma harzianum Bioworks 68539-4 4 hrs 2/3 - - NC
Polyram 80DF metiram Loveland 7969-105-34704 24 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
Presidio fluopicolide Valent 59639-140 12 hrs 2/1 >2000 >4000 pyridinylmethyl-benzamide (43)
pyridine-carboxamide/methoxy-carbamate
Pristine boscalid+pyraclostrobin BASF 7969-199 12 hrs-5 days 1/2 1490 >2000
(7 & 11)
Procure 480SC triflumizole Chemtura 400-518 12 hrs 3/2 >1420 >5000 imidazole (3)
ProPhyt potassium salts Helena 42519-22-5905 4 hrs 3/1 >5000 >4000 phosphonate (33)
PropiMax propiconazole DowAgrosciences 62719-346 12 hrs 1/2 - - triazole (3)
Purespray Green petroleum distillates Petro-Canada 69526-9 4 hrs -/- >5000 >2000 NC
Quadris Top azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Syngenta 100-1313 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2000 methoxy-acrylates/triazole (11 & 3)
Quali-pro Chlorothalonil DF chlorothalonil Makhteshim Agan 66222-149 12 hrs 2/3 - - chloronitrile (M5)
Quash 50WDG metconazole Valent 59639-147 12 hrs 1/2 1750 >5000 triazole (3)
Quilt Xcel propiconazole+ azoxystrobin Syngenta 100-1324 12 hrs 1/2 1030 >5000 triazole/methoxy-acrylates (3 & 11)
Quintec quinoxyfen DowAgrosciences 62719-375 12 hrs 1/3 >2000 >2000 quinoline (13)
Rally myclobutanil Dow AgroSciences 62719-410 24 hrs - >2500 >5000 triazole (3)
Rampart potassium salts Loveland 34704-924 4 hrs 3/1 - - not classified
Ranman cyazofamid FMC 71512-3-279 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 cyano-imidazole (21)
Reason 500SC fenamidone Bayer CropScience 264-695 12 hrs 3/3 >5000 >5000 imidazolinones (11)
Revus mandipropamid Syngenta 100-1254 4 hrs -/- >5000 >5000 mandelic acid amides (40)
Ridomil Gold EC metalaxyl-M Syngenta 100-801 48 hrs 3/3 1172 >2020 acylalanine (4)
Ridomil Gold MZ mefenoxam/mancozeb Syngenta 100-1269 48 hrs 1/3 >2000 >2000 acylalanine/dithiocarbamate (4 & M3)
Ridomil Gold/Copper metalaxyl-M/copper Syngenta 100-804 48 hrs 1/3 550 >2020 acylalanine/inorganic (4 & M1)
Ridomil Gold GR metalaxyl-M Syngenta 100-798 48 hrs 3/3 >5000 >2000 acylalanine (4)
Rootshield Trichoderma harzianum Bioworks 68539-3 NA 2/3 - - NC
Trichoderma harzianum
RootShield PLUS WP Bioworks 68539-9 4 hrs -/- - - NC
+Trichoderma virens
Rovral 4F iprodione Bayer CropScience 264-482 24-48 hrs 3/3 1170 >2000 dicarboximide (2)
Saf-T-Side petroleum distillates Lawn & Garden Products 48813-1-54705 4 hrs -/- >5000 >2000 NC
Scala pyrimethanil Bayer CropScience 264-788 12-24 hrs 3/2 4505-5000 >5000 anilinopyrimidine (9)
Scholar fludioxonil Syngenta 100-969 NA 1/3 >5050 >2020 phenylpyrrole (12)
Serenade Max Bacillus subtilis Agraquest 69592-11 4 hrs 2/3 >2000 >2000 microbial (44)
Sil-Matrix potassium silicate PQ Corporation 82100-1 4 hrs -/- 1500-3200 - not classified
Sonata Bacillus pumilus Agraquest 69592-13 4 hrs 2/3 >5000 >5050 microbial (44)
Sovran kresoxim-methyl BASF 7969-154 12 hrs 3/3 >5000 >2000 oximino acetate (11)
Sulforix calcium polysufides NovaSource 61842-31 48 hrs - 820 >2000 inorganic salt
Switch cyprodinil+fludioxonil Syngenta 100-953 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2000 anilino-pyrimidine/phenylpyrrole ( 9 & 12)
Syllit FL dodine Agriphar S.A. 55260-6 48 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 guanidine (M7)
oxazolidine-dione/cyanoacetamide- oxime
Tanos famoxadone/cymoxanil DuPont 352-604 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000
(11 & 27)
Tavano polyoxin-D Certis 68173-4-70051 4 hrs - >5000 >5050 - (19)
Tebuzol tebuconazole United Phosphorous 70506-113 12 hrs 1/2 >2000 >2000 triazole (3)
Tebuzol 45DF tebuconazole United Phosphorus 70506-113 12 hrs-5 days 1/2 >2000 >2000 triazole (3)
Thiophanate Methyl thiophanate-methyl Makhteshim Agan 66222-145 1-2 days 2/3 >5000 >2000 thiophanate (1)
Thiram Granuflo thiram Taminco, Inc. 45728-21 24 hrs 3/3 2400 >2000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
Topaz propiconazole Winfield Solutions 42750-211-1381 4 hrs 3/1 - - not classified
Topguard flutriafol Cheminova 67760-75 12 hrs 1/2 >2000 >2000 triazoles (3)
Topsin-M 70WP thiophanate-methyl United Phosphorus 73545-11-70506 24-48 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 thiophanate (1)
Torino cyflufenamid Gowan 8033-103-10163 4 hrs -/- >2000 >2000 phenyl-acetamide (U6)
Trilogy neem oil Certis USA 70051-2 4 hrs -/- >5000 - NC
Vangard WG cyprodinil Syngenta 100-828 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2000 anilino-pyrimidine (9)
Vintage fenarimol Gowan 10163-275 24 hrs 2/1 >2000 >4000 pyrimidine (3)
Viticure triflumizole Chemtura 400-518 12 hrs 3/2 >1420 >5000 imidazoles (3)
Vivando metrafenone BASF 7969-284 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5000 benzophenone (U8)
triazolo-pyrimidylamine/cinnamic acid
Zampro ametoctradin + dimethomorph BASF 7969-302 12 hrs -/- - -
amides (45 & 40)
Ziram 76DF ziram United Phosphorus 70506-173 48 hrs 3/2 1889 >5000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
Ziram Granuflo ziram Taminco, Inc. 45728-12 48 hrs 3/2 478 >2000 dithiocarbamate (M3)
*=Restricted use pesticide.
NA=not applicable.
1
REI=restricted entry interval. SL=see label. Some REIs vary by crop, always check the label.
2
1=high, 2=intermediate, 3=low. These leaching/runoff potential ratings are from the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service WIN-PST Pesticide Properties database: www.wsi.nrcs.usda.gov/products/W2Q/
pest/pest_mgt.htm
3
Chemical group and Fungicide Resistance Action Committee codes taken from frac.info. NC=not classified.
83
84
HERBICIDES
Runoff/ Leach
Trade Name Common Name Manufacturer EPA Reg # REI1 Oral LD50 Dermal LD50 Chem Group (HRAC code)3
Potential2
Aim 2.0EC carfentrazone FMC 279-3241 12 hrs 3/3 4077 >4000 triazolinone (E (14))
Callisto mesotrione Syngenta 100-1131 12 hrs 3/3 >5000 >5000 triketone (F1 (27) )
Casoron 1.4CS dichlobenil Chemtura 400-541 12 hrs 2/2 >5000 >5000 nitrile (L (20))
Casoron 4G dichlobenil Chemtura 400-168 12 hrs 2/2 >5000 >2000 nitrile (L (20))
Chateau 51SW flumioxazin Valent 59639-99 12 hrs 2/3 - - N-phenylphthalimide (E (14))
Cheetah glufosinate Nufarm 71368-112 12 hrs - 1030 >1000 phosphonic acid
Devrinol 50DF napropamide United Phosphorus 70506-36 24 hrs 2/2 >5000 >5000 acetamide (K3 (15))
Evital 5G norflurazon Amvac 5481-506 12 hrs 2/2 >5000 >2000 pyridazinone (F1 (12))
Formula 40 2,4-D NuFarm 228-357 48 hrs 3/1 866-1058 >2000 phenoxy-carboxylic-acid (O (4))
Fusilade DX fluazifop-P Syngenta 100-1070 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 aryloxyphenoxy-propionate (A (1))
Gallery 75DF isoxaben Dow Agrosciences 62719-145 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5000 benzamide (L (21))
Goal 2XL oxyfluorfen Dow Agrosciences 62719-424 24-48 hrs 2/3 2985 >2000 diphenylether (E (14))
Goal Tender 4SC oxyfluorfen Dow Agrosciences 62719-447 24 hrs 2/3 >5000 >5000 diphenylether (E (14))
*Gramoxone SL paraquat Syngenta 100-1217 24 hrs 1/3 1098 >2000 bipyridylium (D (22))
Karmex 80DF diuron DuPont 352-692 12 hrs 2/2 >5000 >5000 urea (C2 (7))
*Kerb 3.3SC pronamide DowAgrosciences 62719-578 24 hrs 2/1 >5000 >5000 benzamide (K1 (3))
Matrix SG rimsulfuron DuPont 352-768 4 hrs 3/2 >5000 >5000 sulfonylurea (B (2))
Poast sethoxydim BASF 7969-58 12 hrs 3/3 4285-5000 >4000 cyclohexanedione (A (1))
Princep 90WDG simazine Syngenta 100-603 12 hrs 2/1 >5000 >2000 triazine (C1 (5))
Princep 4L simazine Syngenta 100-526 12 hrs 2/1 >5000 >5050 triazine (C1 (5))
Prowl 3.3EC pendimethalin BASF 241-337 24 hrs 1/3 3956 >2000 dinitroaniline (K1 (3))
Prowl H2O 3.8 pendimethalin BASF 241-418 SL 1/3 >5000 >5000 dinitroaniline (K1 (3))
Rely 280 glufosinate Bayer CropScience 264-829 12 hrs 3/3 300-2000 800-1400 phosphinic acid (H (10))
Roundup glyphosate Monsanto 524-445 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5000 glycine (G (9))
Roundup Pro glyphosate Monsanto 524-475 4 hrs 1/3 5108 >5000 glycine (G (9))
Sandea halosulfuron Gowan 81880-18-10163 12 hrs - 1287 >5000 sulfonylurea (B (2))
Select Max 0.97 clethodim Valent 59639-132 24 hrs 3/3 >5000 >5000 cyclohexanedione (A (1))
Sinbar 80WDG terbacil TKI 61842-27 12 hrs 2/1 500-2784 >5000 uracil (C1 (5))
Solicam 80DF norflurazon Syngenta 100-849 12 hrs 2/2 1140 >2000 pyridazinone (F1 (12))
Spartan 4F sulfentrazone FMC 279-3220 12 hrs 2/1 2084 >2000 triazolinone (E (14))
Starane Ultra fluroxypyr Dow Agrosciences 62719-577 24 hrs 3/2 >5000 >5000 pyridine carboxylic acid (O (4))
Surflan AS oryzalin United Phosphorus 70506-43 24 hrs 3/3 12600 >10000 dinitroaniline (K1 (3))
Stinger clopyralid Dow Agrosciences 62719-73 12 hrs 3/1 >5000 >5000 pyridine carboxylic acid (O (4))
Touchdown HiTech glyphosate Syngenta 100-1182 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5000 glycine ( G (9))
Treevix saflufenacil BASF 7969-276 12 hrs -/- >2000 >2000 pyrimidindione (E (14))
Trellis 75WG isoxaben Dow Agrosciences 62719-580 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >5000 benzamide (L (21))
Ultra Blazer acifluorfen United Phosphorus 70506-60 48 hrs 3/2 2020 >2000 diphenylether (E (14))
Velpar L hexazinone DuPont 352-392 48 hrs 2/1 4120 >5000 triazinone (C1 (5))
Venue pyraflufen Nichino 71711-25 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 phenylpyrazole (E (14))
Weedar 64 2,4-D NuFarm 71368-1 48 hrs 3/2 1030 >5000 phenoxy-carboxylic-acid (O (4))
Zeus XC sulfentrazone FMC 279-3220 12 hrs - 2084 >2000 triazolinone (E (14))
Zeus Prime XC carfentrazone + sulfentrazone FMC 279-3337 12 hrs - 5000 >5050 triazolinone (E (14))
1
2
1=high, 2=intermediate, 3=low. These leaching/runoff potential ratings are from the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service WIN-PST Pesticide Properties database: www.wsi.nrcs.usda.gov/products/W2Q/pest/
pest_mgt.html.
3
Chemical group and Fungicide Resistance Action Committee codes taken from www.hracglobal.com.
INSECTICIDES/MITICIDES
Runoff/
Trade Name Common Name Manufacturer EPA Reg # REI1 Leach Oral LD50 Dermal LD50 Chem Group (IRAC Code)3
Potential2
Acramite 50WS bifenazate Chemtura 400-503 12 hrs-5 days 2/3 >5000 >5000 unknown (UN)
Actara 25WG thiamethoxam Syngenta 100-938 12 hrs 2/1 >5000 >2000 neonicotinoid (4A)
Admire Flex 4 imidacloprid Bayer CropScience 264-783 12 hrs -/- 4070-4690 >5050 neonicotinoid (4A)
*Agri-Mek 0.15 avermectin B1 Syngenta 100-898 12 hrs-4 days 2/3 300 >1800 avermectin (6)
Altacor 35WG chlorantraniliprole DuPont 352-730 4 hrs -/- >5000 >5000 diamide (28)
*Ambush 25WP permethrin Amvac 5481-502 12 hrs 2/3 >2000 >2000 pyrethroid -3A)
Apollo SC clofentezine Makhteshim Agan 66222-47 12 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2400 growth inhibitor (10A)
*Asana XL esfenvalerate DuPont 352-515 12 hrs 2/3 458 >2000 pyrethroid (3A)
Assail 70WP acetamiprid United Phosphorus 8033-23-70506 12 hrs 3/2 1064 >2000 neonicotinoid (4A)
Avaunt 30WG indoxacarb DuPont 352-597 12 hrs 1/3 687-1867 >5000 channel blocker (22A)
Aza-Direct azadirachtin Gowan 71908-1-10163 4 hrs 2/1 >5000 >2000 unknown (UN)
*Battalion 0.2EC deltamethrin Arysta LifeScience 264-1007-66330 12 hrs 1/3 416-445 >2000 pyrethroid (3A)
*Baythroid XL cyfluthrin Bayer CropScience 264-840 12 hrs 2/3 647-695 >2000 pyrethroid (3A)
Belay clothianidin Valent 59639-150 12 hrs 2/1 3044 >5000 neonicotinoid (4A)
Beleaf 50SG flonicamid FMC 71512-10-279 12 hrs 3/3 >2000 >2000 feeding blocker (9C)
Belt 4SC flubendiamide Bayer CropScience 264-1025 12 hrs -/- >2000 >4000 diamide (28)
Biobit HPWP Bt var. kurstaki Valent 73049-54 4 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2500 disruptor of insect midgut membranes -11)
*Brigade WSB bifenthrin FMC 279-3108 12 hrs 2/3 335 >2000 pyrethroid (3A)
Calypso thiacloprid Bayer CropScience 264-806 12 hrs 2/3 300-500 >4000 neonicotinoid (4A)
*Capture LFR bifenthrin FMC 279-3302 12 hrs 2/3 175 >5000 pyrethroid (3A)
Carbaryl 4L carbaryl Loveland 34704-447 12 hrs-6 days 3/3 699 >4000 carbamate -1A)
Carbaryl 80 carbaryl Drexel 19713-50 12 hrs 3/3 281 >2000 carbamate -1A)
Centaur WDG buprofezin Nichino 71711-21 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 chitin biosynthesis inhibitor (16)
Clutch 50WDG clothianidin Valent 59639-152 12 hrs 2/1 3900-4700 >5000 neonicotinoid (4A)
Confirm 2F tebufenozide DowAgrosciences 62719-420 4 hrs 2/1 >5000 >5000 diacylhydrazine (18)
*Danitol 2.4EC fenpropathrin Valent 59639-35 24 hrs 2/3 - - pyrethroid (3A)
Delegate 25WG spinetoram Dow AgroSciences 62719-541 4 hrs -/- >5000 >5000 spinosyn (5)
Deliver Bt kurstaki Certis 70051-69 4 hrs 1/3 >5000 - disruptor of insect midgut membranes (11)
*Diazinon AG600 diazinon Loveland 66222-103-34704 3-5 days 1/3 1600 >2020 organophosphate (1B)
*Diazinon 50W diazinon Makhteshim Agan 66222-10 3-5 days 1/3 1960 >2020 organophosphate (1B)
Entrust spinosad DowAgrosciences 62719-282 4 hrs 3/3 >5000 >2000 spinosyn (5)
Envidor 2SC spirodiclofen Bayer CropScience 264-831 12 hrs 2/3 >2000 >4000 tetronic & tetramic acid derivative (23)
Esteem 35WP pyriproxyfen Valent 59639-115 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >5000 juvenile hormone mimic (7C)
pyrethrin + piperonyl
Evergreen MGK 1021-1770 12 hrs 2/3 >3129 >5000 pyrethroid (3A)
butoxide
GF-120 NF spinosad DowAgrosciences 62719-498 4 hrs 3/3 >5000 >5000 spinosyn (5)
Imidan 70WP phosmet Gowan 10163-169 3-7 days 3/3 258-275 >2000 organophosphate (1B)
Intrepid 2F methoxyfenozide DowAgrosciences 62719-442 4 hrs 2/1 >5000 >2000 diacylhydrazine (18)
Javelin WG Bt kurstaki Certis 70051-66 4 hrs 1/3 >5100 >5000 disruptor of insect midgut membranes (11)
Kanemite 15SC acequinocyl Arysta LifeScience 66330-38 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 electron transport inhibitors (20B)
*Lannate 90 SP methomyl DuPont 352-342 2-7 days 3/1 32 >2000 carbamate (1A)
*Lannate 2.4 LV methomyl DuPont 352-384 2-7 days 3/1 49-89 >2000 carbamate (1A)
85
86
Record Keeping Requirements for Production Chemicals — INSECTICIDES (continued)
Runoff/
Trade Name Common Name Manufacturer EPA Reg # REI1 Leach Oral LD50 Dermal LD50 Chem Group (IRAC Code)3
Potential2
*Leverage 2.7F cyfluthrin + imidacloprid Bayer CropScience 264-770 12 hrs 2/1 200 >5000 pyrethroid & neonicotinoid (3 & 4A)
*Lorsban 50W WSP chlorpyrifos Dow AgroSciences 62719-221 NA 2/3 382 >2000 organophosphate -1B)
*Lorsban 4 EC chlorpyrifos DowAgrosciences 62719-220 1-4 days 2/3 300 >2000 organophosphate (1B)
Lorsban 75WG chlorpyrifos DowAgrosciences 62719-301 1-4 days 2/3 >500 >5000 organophosphate -1B)
Malathion 8 Flowable malathion Gowan 10163-21 12-72 hrs 3/3 5400-5700 >2000 organophosphate -1B)
Malathion 57EC malathion Loveland 34704-108 12-72 hrs 3/3 550 >2000 organophosphate (1B)
M-Pede fatty acids Dow AgroSciences 62719-515 12 hrs -/- - - -
Movento 2F spirotetramat Bayer CropScience 264-1050 24 hrs -/- >2000 >4000 tetronic acid derivative (23)
Neemix 4.5 azadirachtin Certis 70051-9 4 hrs 2/1 - - unknown (UN)
Nexter pyridaben Gowan 81880-4-10163 12 hrs 1/3 1930 >2000 METI acaricide (21A)
Oberon spiromesifen Bayer CropScience 264-719 12 hrs 2/3 >2000 >4000 tetronic acid derivative (23)
Platinum thiamethoxam Syngenta 100-939 12 hrs 2/1 >5000 >2000 neonicotinoid (4A)
Portal 5EC fenpyroximate Nichino 71711-19 12 hrs 1/3 810-1004 >5000 METI acaricide (21A)
*Pounce 3.2 EC permethrin Helena 279-3014-5905 12 hrs 2/3 1030 >2000 pyrethroid (3A)
Provado imidacloprid Bayer CropScience 264-763 12 hrs 2/1 4143-4870 >2000 neonicotinoid (4A)
*Proaxis 0.5CS gamma-cyhalothrin Pytech Chemicals 74921-3 24 hrs 1/3 >2500 >5000 pyrethroid (3A)
Pyganic pyrethrins MGK 1021-1771 12 hrs 2/3 - - pyrethroid (3A)
Rimon novaluron Chemtura 66222-35-400 12 hrs 1/3 3914-5000 2000-8000 benzoylurea (15)
Savey 50DF hexythiazox Gowan 10163-250 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >5000 mite growth inhibitor (10A)
Sevin 80 Solupak carbaryl Bayer CropScience 264-316 12 hrs 3/3 203-406 >5000 carbamate (1A)
Sevin XLR Plus carbaryl Bayer CropScience 264-333 12 hrs-6 days 3/3 699 >4000 carbamate (1A)
Sevin 4F carbaryl Bayer CropScience 264-349 12 hrs-6 days 3/3 699 >4000 carbamate (1A)
SpinTor 2SC spinosad DowAgrosciences 62719-294 4 hrs 3/3 >5000 >5000 spinosyn (5)
Sulforix calcium Miller 66196-3-72 48 hrs -/- 820 2000 -
Surround WP olysulfide kaolin TKI 61842-18 4 hrs 2/3 >5000 - -
* Thionex endosulfan Makhteshim Agan 66222-63 6-10 days 1/3 45 256 cyclodiene organochlorine (2A)
*Thionex 50W endosulfan Makhteshim Agan 66222-62 12-22 days 1/3 41 >2000 cyclodiene organochlorine (2A)
*Vendex 50WP fenbutatin-oxide United Phosphorus 70506-211 48 hrs 1/3 >5000 >2000 organotin miticide (12B)
Venom dinotefuran Valent 59639-135 12 hrs 2/1 >5000 >5000 neonicotinoid (4A)
thiamethoxam +
Voliam Flexi 40WDG Syngenta 100-1319 12 hrs 2/1 >5000 >5000 neonicotinoid (4A & 28)
chlorantraniliprole
*Vydate L oxamyl DuPont 352-372 48 hrs 3/3 9-10 >5000 carbamate (1A)
*Warrior lambda-cyhalothrin Syngenta 100-1112 24 hrs 2/3 351 >2000 pyrethroid (3)
Zeal etoxazole Valent 59639-138 12 hrs 2/3 >5000 >5000 mite growth inhibitor (10B)
1
2
pest_mgt.html.
3
Chemical group and Insecticide Resistance Action Committee codes taken from www.irac-online.org.
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
Runoff/ Leach
Trade Name Common Name Manufacturer EPA Reg # REI1 Oral LD50 Dermal LD50 Chem Group
Potential2
Apogee prohexadione-Ca BASF 7969-188 12 hrs 3/2 >5000 >2000 unclassified
Amid-Thin-W NAD Amvac 5481-426 48 hrs 3/2 >10000 >5000 auxin
Ethrel ethephon Bayer CropScience 264-267 48 hrs 2/3 >5000 >2000 ethylene releaser
Fruitone N NAD Amvac 5481-427 48 hrs 3/2 >10000 >5000 auxin
MaxCel 6-benzyladenine Valent 73049-407 12 hrs 2/2 >5000 >5000 cytokinin
Pro-Gibb gibberellic acid (GA3) Valent 73049-15 12 hrs 3/3 >5000 >2000 gibberellin
Promalin 6BA+GA4+7 Valent 73049-41 4 hrs 2/2 >5050 >5050 cytokinin+gibberellin
ReTain AVG Valent 73049-45 12 hrs 2/3 >7000 >5000 ethylene inhibitor
Sucker Stopper NAD Lawn & Garden 5481-429-54705 12 hrs 3/3 5585 >5000 auxin
1
2
pest_mgt.html.
NEMATICIDES
Runoff/Leach
Trade Name Common Name Manufacturer EPA Reg # REI1 Oral LD50 Dermal LD50 Chem Group
Potential2
*Telone II dichlorpropene Dow Agrosciences 62719-32 5 days 3/2 >110 >333 unclassified
dichlorpropene +
*Telone C-17 Dow Agrosciences 62719-12 48 hrs-5 days 3/2 304-519 500 unclassified
chloropicrin
dichlorpropene +
*Telone C-35 Dow Agrosciences 62719-302 48 hrs-5 days 3/2 100-200 907-1000 unclassified
chloropicrin
*Vapam HL metam-sodium Amvac 5481-468 48 hrs-14 days 3/2 812 >2020 unclassified
*Vydate L oxamyl DuPont 352-372 48 hrs 3/3 9-10 >5000 carbamate (1A)

1
2
pest_mgt.html.
87
88
Suggested record keeping form for restricted-use pesticides.
Farm name and address: _____________________________________
Chemical Applied
Date &
(trade name, Rate per Total Location & Target Name of Applicator & Wind, Weather,
State of Crop
formulation and EPA Acre Applied Size of Block Pest(s) Certification Number Notes
Growth
registration number)
Conversion Factors for Weights and Measures: Equivalents
Metric U.S.
1 Millimeter 0.039 inch
1 Centimeter (10 mm) 0.39 inch
Length
1 Meter (100 cm) 39.4 inch
1 Kilometer (1,000 m) 0.62 mile
1 Square Centimeter 0.155 square inch
Area 1 Square Meter 1.2 square yards
1 Hectare (10,000 sq m) 2.47 acres
1 Square Kilometer (100 ha) 247 acres
1 Gram 0.035 ounces
Weight 1 Kilogram (1,000 g) 2.2 pounds
1 Ton (metric) — 1,000 kg 1.1 tons (U.S.)
1 Milliliter 0.034 fluid ounces
Volume
1 Liter (1,000 ml) 1.056 quarts
1 Cubic Meter (1,000 l) 264.17 gallons (U.S.)
U.S. Metric
1 Inch 2.54 centimeters
1 Foot (12 in) 30.5 centimeters
Length
1 Yard (3 ft) 0.91 meters
1 Mile (5,280 ft) 1.6 kilometers
1 Square Inch 6.5 square centimeters
1 Square Foot (144 sq in) 930 square centimeters
Area 1 Square Yard (9 sq ft) 0.84 square meters
1 Acre (43,560 sq ft) 0.405 hectares
1 Square Mile (640 acres) 259 hectares
1 Ounce 28.3 grams
Weight 1 Pound (16 oz.) 0.454 kilograms
1 Ton (U.S.) — 2,000 lb 0.907 tons (metric)
1 Tablespoon (3 teaspoons) 14.79 milliliters
1 Fluid ounce (2 tablespoons) 29.6 milliliters
1 Cup (8 fl oz) 0.237 liters
Volume
1 Pint (2 cups) 0.473 liters
1 Quart (4 cups) 0.946 liters
1 Gallon (U.S.) — 4 qts 3.8 liters
1 Cubic Foot 28.3 liters
Metric Abbreviations: mm=millimeter; cm=centimeter; m=meter; km=kilometer; ha=hectare;
mg=milligram; g=gram; kg=kilogram; ml=milliliter; l=liter.
89
Midwest Small Fruit & Grape Spray Guide 2015
This publication is one of a series of publications for fruit growers in the Midwest developed by the Midwest Fruit
Workers Group. Other publications include the Midwest Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook, Midwest
Commercial Tree Fruit Spray Guide, and Midwest Tree Fruit Pest Management Handbook. Contact your local
Cooperative Extension office for information on these publications.
Editors
Bruce Bordelon and Rick Foster, Purdue University; Nicole Ward Gautier, University of Kentucky
Contributors*
University of Arkansas Missouri State University
Entomology: Donn Johnson* Horticulture: John Avery, Martin Kaps
Horticulture: Elena Garcia Plant Pathology: Laszlo Kovacs
University of Illinois Integrated Pest Management: Marciej Pszczolkowski
Horticulture: Mosbah Kushad, Elizabeth Wahle University of Nebraska — Lincoln
Entomology: Rick Weinzierl* Horticulture: Paul Read
Plant Pathology: Mohammad Babadoost* Entomology: Fred Baxendale
Iowa State University Plant Pathology: Amy Timmerman, Gerald Adams
Horticulture: Diana Cochran*, Joseph Hannan* Weed Science: Lowell Sandell
Entomology: Laura C.H. Jesse*, Donald Lewis* Ohio State University
Kansas State University Horticulture: Imed Dami, Gary Gao*, Brad Bergefurd*
Horticulture: Cary Rivard Weed Science: Doug Doohan
Entomology: Raymond Cloyd Entomology: Celeste Welty*
Plant Pathology: Megan Kennelly Oklahoma State University
University of Kentucky Entomology: Eric Rebek, Jackie Lee
Horticulture: John Strang*, Shawn Wright*, Daniel Purdue University
Becker* Horticulture: Bruce Bordelon*
Entomology: Ric Bessin* Entomology: Rick Foster*
Plant Pathology: Nicole Ward* Plant Pathology: Janna Beckerman*
University of Minnesota Weed Science: Steve Weller
Horticulture: Emily Hoover West Virginia University
Entomology: Chris Phillips Horticulture: John Jett
Plant Pathology: Angela Orshinsky Plant Pathology: MM (Mahfuz) Rahman
University of Missouri Entomology: Daniel Frank
Horticulture: Michele Warmund University of Wisconsin
Entomology: Bruce Barrett Plant Pathology: Patricia McManus*
Weed Science: Jed Colquhoun
Entomology: Christelle Guedot*
Disclaimer
References to products in this publication are not intended to be an endorsement to the exclusion of others that may be similar. Any person using
products listed in this publication assumes full responsibility for their use in accordance with current directions of the manufacturer.
Non-Discrimination Statement
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin,
age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political
beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all
programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)
should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).
To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or
call (800) 795-3272 or (202) 720-6382 (TDD).
USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Small Fruit Grape Spray Guide: Midwest and

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Small Fruit Grape Spray Guide: Midwest and

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2015 Midwest

Small Fruit and Grape

Midwest Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook

Legal Responsibilities for Pesticide Use

Check this publication online at www.ag.purdue.edu/hla/Hort/Pages/sfg_sprayguide.aspx for

Approximate Dilutions for Small Volumes of Spray Mixes

Danitol 2.4EC 5.3-10.7

Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 2 qt Other formulations may be available.

Scout at least weekly as bud swell occurs.

Bud Break to Bloom

Do not use Captan or sulfur within 2 weeks of applying JMS

Ziram 76DF 3-4 lb

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

See Movento label regarding adjuvants. Allow 30 days

Downy mildew Same as bud break to

Powdery Same as bud break to

Grape scale Same as pre-bloom,

Apply Topsin M at 1-1.5 lb/A at first bloom (no later than

Elevate may be applied at 1 lb/A and the timing of

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Danitol 2.4EC 10.7-21.33

Isomate-GBM controls only grape berry moth. See

Renounce 20WP 3-4 oz

Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 2 qt

First Cover to Veraison (Berry coloring)

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Tebuzol 45DF 4 oz See note for Tebuzol 45DF on page 16.

Treatment options continued on next page.

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Quadris Top 12-14 fl oz

Treatment options continued on next page.

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Botrytis bunch See comments under bloom relative to use of Topsin M,

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Special Comments on Grape Schedule

35 Days Before Harvest the Next Season

Table 1. Effectiveness of Fungicides for the Control of Grape Diseases

Table 3. Effectiveness of Pesticides for Control of Grape Insects and Mites

Grape berry moth

Grape root borer

Table continued on next page.

Grape cane gallmaker

Grape berry moth

Grape root borer

Blueberry Spray Schedule

Pink Bud Stage and 25% Bloom

Full Bloom to Early Petal Fall

First and Second Cover

CaptEvate 68WDG 3.5-4.7 lb

Control cherry fruitworm at petal fall and 10 days

Brigade 2EC 2.1-6.4 fl oz

Surround 95WP 12.5-50 lb Surround may leave noticeable residues on berries.

Third and Additional Covers

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Special Comments on Blueberry Schedule

Abound and Pristine

First Bloom through Petal Fall

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Post-bloom through Harvest

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Special Comments on the Raspberry and Blackberry Schedule

Captan Use on Brambles

Early Bloom through Bloom

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Treatment options continued on next page.

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

The addition of Captan should result in a higher level of

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments

Post Harvest and New Plantings

Special Comments on the Strawberry Schedule

Table 5. Disease Resistance of Strawberry Cultivars Commonly Grown in the Midwest