National Disaster Risk Reduction and

Resilience Strategy of Liberia

(2020-2030)

February 2020

1
Acknowledgements

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Strategy is a multi-sector collaboration led by
the National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA) of the Republic of Liberia.

The Strategy was co-developed with representatives from all sectors. Around9 0 participants from
diverse range of 35 organizations came together to develop key inputs to the Strategy (Annex 1).

The National Disaster Management Agency, with the technical support from United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP), using support from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) funded
National Adaptation Plan (NAP) project, led a Multi-disciplinary Assessment Team (MAT) composed
of four working groups that developed, refined and undertook further broad consultation on the
Strategy.

The National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA) thanks all sectors, organizations and individuals
involved in co-development for their time, effort and expertise. This strategy would not have been
made possible without these contributions.

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

AfDB African Development Bank

CARI Central Agriculture Research Centre
CCA Climate Change Adaptation
CCM Climate Change Mitigation
CDMC County Disaster Management Committee
CEOC County Emergency Operations Centre
CAN Capacity Need Assessment
CI Conservation International
CIP Critical Infrastructure Protection
CSO Civil Society Organization
DEM Disaster and Emergency Management
DFID Department for International Development
DRA Disaster Risk Assessment
DRM Disaster Risk Management
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EM-DAT Emergency Events Database
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
F4DRR Financing for Disaster Risk Reduction
GCF Green Climate Fund
GEF Global Environmental Facility
GHG Green House Gas
GIZ German International Cooperation
GVL Golden Verulam Liberia
IAS Internal Audit Secretariat
IAU Internal Audit Unit
IDP Internally Displaced People
IDPS International Development Partners
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IKM Information and Knowledge Management
IMF International Monetary Fund
INGO International Non-Governmental Organization
LAC Liberia Agricultural Company
LIBTELCO Liberia Telecommunications Corporation
LISGIS Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-information System
LiMA Liberia Maritime Authority
LNRCS Liberia National Red Cross Society
LRRRC Liberia Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement Commission
LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry
LWSC Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

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MAC Ministries, Agencies, and Commissions
MAT Multi-disciplinary Assessment Team
MFDP Ministry of Finance and Development Plan
MGCSP Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection
MIA Ministry of Internal Affairs
MICAT Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism
MOA Ministry of Agriculture
MOJ Ministry of Justice
MPTF Multi Partner Trust Fund
NaFAA National Fisheries and Aquaculture Authority
NDI National Data Infrastructure
NDMA National Disaster Management Agency
NDMC National Disaster Management Committee
NDRC National Disaster Relief Commission
NEOC National Emergency Operational Center
NEWEOC National Early Warning and Emergency Operation Center
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NTPS National Transport Policy Strategy
OHSP Occupational Health and Safety Policy
PAPD Pro-poor agenda for Prosperity and Development
PCA Paris Climate Agreement
RiDEV Risk-informed Development
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SFDRR Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
SRSP Shock-responsive Social Protection
TWG Technical Working Group
UNDP United Nations Development
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
UNFCCC United Nations Framework for Climate Change Conventions
UNICEF United Nations Children Fund
UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
UNMIL United Nations Mission in Liberia
USAFricom United States Africa Command
USAID United States Agency for International Development
VC Vulnerable Communities
WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
WB World Bank
WCF World Chimpanzee Foundation
WFP World Food Programme
WHO World Health Organization

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List of Figures
Figure 1. Building blocks of a national Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Resilience Strategy .. 14
Figure 2. Major flood-prone areas of Libera (as of 2019)............................................................. 26
Figure 3. Coastal erosion susceptibility areas of Liberia (as of 2019)........................................... 27
Figure 4. Windstorm-prone areas of Liberia (as of 2019)............................................................. 28
Figure 5. Low-lying coastal areas of Liberia (< 10 m above mean sea level). ............................... 32
Figure 6. Key components and relationships of an integrated national DRM system. ................ 34

List of Tables
Table 1. Multi-disciplinary Assessment Team for formulating the2020-2030 National DRR and
Resilience Strategy of Liberia. ....................................................................................................... 11
Table 2. Hazard profiles of Liberia. ............................................................................................... 24
Table 3. Hazard-specific risk hotspots and their profiles of Liberia by county (as of 2019)......... 29
Table 4. Hazard-specific population exposure of Liberia in 2008 and 2018, by county. ............ 30
Table 5. Population and land in the coastal low-lying areas (<10 m above sea level) (as of 2019).
....................................................................................................................................................... 30
Table 6. Population and households in the low-lying coastal areas of Liberia (< 10 m above
mean sea level (AMSL)), disaggregated by county . ..................................................................... 31
Table 7. Strategic focuses for DRM programming in Liberia. ....................................................... 36
Table 8. Proposed coordination mechanisms for Disaster Risk Reduction in Liberia .................. 51

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Table of Contents
Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 1.0 General Provision .................................................................................................... 8
1.1 Rationale for and Purpose of the Strategy ............................................................................................. 8
1.2 Disaster Risk Reduction as a Cross Cutting Issue .................................................................................... 9
1.3 The Process of Strategy Development .................................................................................................. 11
1.4 The Structure of the Document ............................................................................................................ 12
Chapter 2.0 Guiding Principles ...................................................................................................13
Chapter 3.0 National DRR Context .............................................................................................15
3.1 Evolution of the DRM System ............................................................................................................... 15
3.1.1 Establishment of the National Disaster Relief Commission ........................................................... 15
3.1.2 Development of Disaster Risk Management System (DRMS) ........................................................ 16
3.2 DRM-related Legal and Policy Frameworks .......................................................................................... 17
3.3 Stakeholders and their Roles ................................................................................................................ 18
3.3.1 National Government Agencies ..................................................................................................... 18
3.3.2 Local Stakeholders ......................................................................................................................... 20
3.3.3 International Development Partners ............................................................................................. 20
3.4 Governance and Coordination Mechanisms at all Levels ..................................................................... 21
Chapter 4.0 National Disaster Risk Hotspots ..............................................................................22
4.1 Climate-sensitive Ecosystems ............................................................................................................... 22
4.1.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems (CMEs) ........................................................................................ 22
4.1.2 Forest Ecosystems .......................................................................................................................... 22
4.1.3 Mountain Ecosystems .................................................................................................................... 23
4.1.4 Savanna Ecosystems ...................................................................................................................... 23
4.2 Hazard Profiles and Hazard-prone Areas .............................................................................................. 23
4.2.1 Hazard Profiles............................................................................................................................... 23
4.2.2 Hazard-prone areas ....................................................................................................................... 25
4.3 Risk Hotspots and Vulnerability Profiles ............................................................................................... 28
4.4 Coastal Population and Land Exposure ................................................................................................. 30
Chapter 5.0 Strategy Statement .................................................................................................33
5.1 Vision..................................................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 Goals and Objectives............................................................................................................................. 34
5.3 Strategic Focuses................................................................................................................................... 36
5.4 Priority Actions ...................................................................................................................................... 38
6.0 Implementation of the Strategy ...........................................................................................47
6.1 Implementation Approaches ................................................................................................................ 47
6.2 Road Map for Investment Plan ............................................................................................................. 47
6.3 Institutional Arrangement .................................................................................................................... 48
6.4 National Capacity and Resources.......................................................................................................... 49
6.4.1 Information and Knowledge Services ............................................................................................ 49
6.4.2 Resource Mobilization ................................................................................................................... 50
6.4.3 Communication Strategy ............................................................................................................... 53
6.5 Opportunities and Entries ..................................................................................................................... 53

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Chapter 7.0 Monitoring and Evaluation .....................................................................................54
7.1 Indicators for Measuring the Strategic Goals ....................................................................................... 54
7.2 Institutional arrangement for M&E ...................................................................................................... 54
7.3 Alignment with the Global Agendas ..................................................................................................... 54
7.4 Challenges for Implementing the Strategy ........................................................................................... 55
Annexes ....................................................................................................................................57
Annex 1. Key representatives of MACs ....................................................................................................... 57
Annex 2. Key Glossary (Source: UNISDR) .................................................................................................... 60
Annex 3. DRR-related targets and indicators of three global agendas ....................................................... 62
Annex 4. Linkages of DRR targets and indicators between SDGs and SFDRR ............................................. 65
Annex 5. Existing legal acts and policies for development ......................................................................... 66
Annex 6. Existing Institutional and coordination mechanisms for development ....................................... 69
Annex 7. Existing International and national development partners in Liberia ......................................... 70
Annex 8. National Resilience Baselines (as of 2019)................................................................................... 72
Annex 9. Flood-specific risk hotspots and vulnerability profiles of Liberia(as of 2019) ............................. 74
Annex 10. Coastal erosion specific risk hotspots and profiles of Liberia (as of 2019) ................................ 76
Annex 11. Windstorm specific risk hotspots and profiles of Liberia (as of 2019) ...................................... 77
Annex 12. County vulnerability profiles of Liberia (as of 2019) .................................................................. 79
Annex 13. Hazard-specific population exposure of Liberia in 2008 ........................................................... 82
Annex 14. Roadmap for Investment Plan ................................................................................................... 84
Annex 15. Existing opportunities and entry for integrating DRR Interventions ......................................... 96
Annex 16. Proposed indicators system for measuring strategic goals and objectives ............................... 99
Annex 17. Contributions of DRR interventions to national strategies and global agendas...................... 102
Annex 18. A snapshot of the 2020-2030 National DRR and Resilience Strategy of Liberia ...................... 110

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Chapter 1.0 General Provision

1.1 Rationale for and Purpose of the Strategy

In order to prevent and control disaster risks, the Government of Liberia developed a national
Disaster Risk Management (DRM) policy in 2012. This policy provided a legal framework for
guiding national stakeholders and international development partners in formulating and
implementing disaster risk reduction interventions. The development and Disaster Risk
Reduction (DRR) landscape has significantly changed since 2012. In response to the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), which was endorsed by 168 member states
(including Liberia) in 2015, in Sendai, Japan, and to safeguard the Pro-poor Agenda for Prosperity
and Development (PAPD), a national strategy on Disaster Risk Reduction and resilience is
required to provide a directive framework for the integration of DRR measures into all policies,
strategies and plans, ongoing programmes and projects at both national and local levels.

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Strategy of Liberia (hereafter “the Strategy”)
will guide national, whole-of-society efforts to proactively prevent and control disaster risks in
order to minimize the loss and suffering caused by disasters. The Strategy seeks to establish a
2030 vision, goals, objectives, strategic focuses, and priorities for action broadly aligned to three
global agendas, i.e. the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), the 2030
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Paris Climate Agreement (PCA). The Strategy will
be reviewed and updated at the end of the first five-year period (2020-2025) to ensure its
relevance and accuracy across the remaining years to 2030.

The purpose of this document is to:

• provide a comprehensive overview of the status of DRR in the country;
• assess the progress made so far and the processes implemented for the reduction of
vulnerability and the strengthening of resilience to climate change and disasters caused
by natural and other hazards;
• harmonize and link existing DRR interventions in the country; and
• identify strategic directions and DRR Priorities.

It will also serve as an important reference document for the design of policies and strategies,
the planning and implementation of DRR activities, and decision-making for action by
representatives of national systems, organizations and institutions that work on DRR in the
country and international development partners.

It is expected that the Strategy will be used to influence authorities at various levels of national
management, as well as to facilitate the establishment of channels for mutual help and
cooperation.

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1.2 Disaster Risk Reduction as a Cross Cutting Issue

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is defined as the development and application of policies,
procedures and capacities by the society and communities to lessen the negative impacts of
possible natural hazards and related environmental and technological disasters. This includes
structural and non-structural measures to avoid or to limit adverse impact of hazards, as well as
the development of coping capabilities (Annex 2).

Disaster Risk Reduction measures can take the form of structural interventions or non-structural
measures, such as the preparation of physical development plans with appropriate land use
planning and zoning, and the exploration of alternative fresh water resource options to counter
a gradual depletion of existing sources. These measures should seek to address both sudden
catastrophic events, due to a range of natural processes and human actions, as well as those
events that may be slow and cumulative over time but equally deleterious in effect including
those caused by climate change.

In this regard, DRR involves a set of actions: 1) that should be considered in the development
process (Risk Management); 2) that are associated with preparedness for, immediate response
to, and short-term recovery from a specific event (Disaster Management or Emergency
Management); 3) Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) has the potential to reduce long-term
adverse effects of climate change and can produce immediate ancillary benefits.

Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is inherently a multi-sectoral activity. As

mitigating the impacts of hazards means making choices with respect to development, it requires
considerable inter-agency coordination. The involvement of the private sector and the
cooperation and support of civil society. In the implementation of DRR activities, agencies and
citizens will need to act in concert to identify and utilize integrated mechanisms to reduce
potential damage and losses to the built environment, make appropriate land use choices,
protect the natural environment, implement building standards, adopt and enforce building
codes, retrofit, repair and reconstruct existing development.

In carrying out DRR activities the intent is to focus on actions that produce sustained benefits
over time. One of the principal benefits of DRR is that current money spent on DRR/DRM
activities will significantly reduce human suffering, infrastructural damage and the demand for
large sums of money in the future when extreme natural or man-made events occur. Expenditure
on DRR activities can reduce the economic impacts on the economy which occur when there are
disasters.

Effective formulation and implementation of DRR activities rely to a large extent on coordination
and collaboration among MACs. In a broader risk reduction framework, it is essential that
linkages between DRR and other policies and plans, particularly those related to development,
public investment, disaster and environmental management, are understood and integrated into
any DRR strategy that is to be developed.

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The essential challenge in implementing DRR strategy is that DRR must become an everyday
requirement at every level of the society, which means that all stakeholders must be aware of
the need for it and make DRR a part of their daily routines.

In reviewing the territory’s policies and studies related to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), a
number of issues emerge, which could impede the sustainability of disaster risk reduction
interventions. These include: 1) limited technical and financial resources; 2) weak institutional
and legislative frameworks for risk reduction; 3) the low priority given to reducing vulnerability
in advance of disasters; 4) the limited acceptance of responsibility for existing vulnerabilities; and
5) the limited involvement of communities and civil society in the development and
implementation of policies, plans and programmes. Awareness of each of these challenges must
inform the development of disaster risk management policies, strategy, action plans, and
programmes and projects.

Implementation of National DRR strategy requires adequate resources. The financing of risk
reduction activities in general and of sectoral budgets in particular, is generally insufficient; the
technical capacity for designing, implementing, monitoring and reviewing national disaster risk
reduction programmes is limited.

The information needed to prioritize and implement DRR interventions is often lacking,
incomplete or inaccessible. Scientific monitoring and research of hazardous phenomenon serve
two purposes in Disaster Management. The first is to provide early warning of impending natural
disasters or information regarding an ongoing natural disaster. The second is to build up an
archive of information, which can be used to improve basic scientific understanding of local
hazardous phenomena, which in turn leads to more effective mitigation.

Appropriate institutional and legislative frameworks and administrative and regulatory systems
for disaster risk management must be strengthened. At the institutional level, institutional links
and administrative systems must be further developed to support the multi-sectoral activities
required for disaster risk reduction. Legislative frameworks must be updated to provide
mandates for disaster risk reduction and strengthen the regulatory and enforcement
mechanisms in the national and sub-national levels. To make these changes, the existing priority
given to development planning and disaster management at the political level and the level of
awareness, understanding and acceptance of the need for disaster risk reduction will need to be
maintained and raised.

Currently there is some responsibility or accountability for the large contributions that individual
and communal decisions and actions make towards existing and future vulnerability to natural
and technological hazards. More meaningful stakeholder participation must be built into the
development and implementation of DRR policies, programs and actions. Such participation will
build understanding of the implications of development decisions for hazard vulnerability and
will continue to build support for the implementation of risk reduction programmes.

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1.3 The Process of Strategy Development

The Strategy is a multi-sector collaboration led by the National Disaster Management Agency,
with the financial and technical support from UNDP and partners. A Multi-disciplinary
Assessment Team (MAT), composed of around 30 representatives from respective line ministries,
agencies, and commissions (MACs) and divided into four Technical Working Groups (TWGs), was
constituted to develop, refine, and undertake further broad consultation on the Strategy.

The formulation of the Strategy started with the delineation of hazard-prone areas and the
identification of risk hotspots, while conducting a systematic stocktaking of the national
resilience baselines. Over the course of 16 months (from October 2018 to February 2020), the
MAT, with the guide and support from a team of consultants, held three national stakeholder
workshops, three MAT working sessions, three local stakeholders and conducted more than 20
stakeholder consultative meetings to identify priority actions towards risk reduction. The
composition of the MAT is summarized in Table 1.

The global, regional and national disaster risk reduction, climate change and development
frameworks, agreements, strategies, laws and rules were reviewed to inform the strategy
formulation process.

The priority actions of the Strategy were identified through the above-mentioned processes and
the reorganization of the 2018-2022 National DRR Action Plan.

Table 1. Multi-disciplinary Assessment Team for formulating the 2020-2030 National DRR and
Resilience Strategy of Liberia.
Technical Working
Lead and Co-lead Members
Group
• Core members: James Z. Barzon, Jr./LISGIS, Berexford
• Lead: Robert
TWG 1: Developing S. Jallah/EPA, Emmanuel Omanchi/WFP
Sammie/NDMA
National Data
• Co-lead: Andrew A. • Extended members: Matthew T. Dweh/NPHIL, Henry A.
Infrastructure Simpson/MOT
Tellewoyan/LISGIS

• Core member, Matthew T. Dweh/NPHIL,

JoceliaTarplah/MPW, Albert M.
• Lead: Gemeh B. Sherman/Metrological-MOT, Anthony
Kpadeh/Hydrological-MME, Stephen B. Lavalah/LiMA,
TWG 2: Hazard Roberts/NDMA
Emmanuel Omanchi/WFP
mapping and profiling • Co-lead: Berexford
• Extended Members: James Z. Barzon, Jr/LISGIS., John
S. Jallah/EPA
Korfeh Thomas/LWSC, E. Tenesee Wilson/MME,
Evangeline S. Nyantee/FDA

TWG 3: Risk hotspot • Lead: Jonathan A.

• Core Members: Aloysius Z. Momo/MOA, Solomon N
identification and Wordsworth/NDMA
Daryoue/NAFAA, John K. Thomas/LWSC Anthony
profiling • Co-lead: Eugene S.
Kpadeh /Hydrological-MME,Berexford S. Jallah/EPA,
Caine/WASH

11
 Patience Awhavbera/LEC, E. Tenesee Wilson/MME,
Albert M. Sherman/ Metrological-MOT
• Extended Members: Henry A. Simpson /Metrological-
MOT, Andrew A. Tellewoyan/LISGIS

• Core Members: Patience Awhavbera/LEC, John Korfeh

Thomas/LWSC, Jonathan A. Wordsworth/NDMA, Robert
• Lead: Romeo Sammie/NDMA, Gemeh B. Roberts/NDMA, Augustine
TWG 4: Resilience Bloh/NDMA-UNDP M. Kollie/NDMA, Albert M. Sherman /Metrological-
analysis and strategy MOT, Anthony D. Kpadeh/ Hydrological-MME,
• Co-lead: Mulbah
formulation E.Tenesee Wilson/MME, BerexfordJallah/EPA
Sayka/MFDP • Extended Team Members: Andrew A.
Tellewoyan/LISGIS, Evangeline S. Nyantee/FDA,
Jeremiah E. Paye/NDMA

• Jianping Yan/International Consultant

Technical Advisors
• Fairnoh T. Gbilah/National Consultant

1.4 The Structure of the Document

The Strategy document is divided into seven chapters:

Chapter 1 sets up a general provision of the rationale, purpose, and organization of the
national disaster risk reduction and resilience strategy of Liberia, as well as the process
needed in its development.
Chapter 2 lists all the guiding principles adopted to formulate the Strategy, including
global/regional/national policies and strategies, international/national norms and standards,
special concerns or values to be promoted, etc.
Chapter 3 provides an overview of the legal and regulatory, normative, and institutional
frameworks related to disaster risk management in Liberia.
Chapter 4 defines the actual risk issues or hotspots facing Liberia, including climate-sensitive
ecosystems, hazard-prone areas, vulnerability and risk hotspots, and disaster-affected
jurisdictions (i.e. vulnerable districts and communities).
Chapter 5provides the strategy statement consisting of vision, goals and objectives, strategic
focuses, and Priorities for Action.
Chapter 6 specifies the strategy for implementing the National DRR and Resilience Strategy,
including the road map for investment, institutional arrangement, capacity and resources for
support, communication strategy, and opportunities and entry points.
Chapter 7 provides the measurement of the strategic goals and objectives and maps out the
linkages of priority actions and associated activities with the goals and objectives of the
Strategy, PAPD, SFDRR, SDGs, and PCA. On this basis, a number of risks facing the strategy
implementation are identified, as well as possible mitigation measures.

In addition, 18 annexes are appended to provide further details on relevant topics.

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Chapter 2.0 Guiding Principles

The National DRR and Resilience Strategy is developed based on the following guiding
principles:
• The Government of Liberia will be prime driver of disaster risk reduction interventions;
however, it requires all-of-society engagement and partnership.
• Through maximum coordination, the National Disaster Management Agency will
incorporate all state and non-state actors at national, county, district and chiefdom levels,
in managing disaster-related issues to ensure reduced vulnerabilities to natural and human
induced hazards.
• The identification, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of priority actions will
be ‘inclusive’ and address special needs of women, children, youth, people with disability
and aged. The monitoring and evaluation process, with its indicators and criteria, is
considered as one of the most important phases of the implementation of the NDRRS. It is
also an integral part of the planning process and guarantees achievement of the quality of
implementation and improving its efficiency, along with ensuring that plans, measures and
decisions are consistent and inclusive with the objectives of the Strategy. The NDMA will
also coordinate all relevant MACs, private sectors, civil society organizations and
community leaders so as to monitor and evaluate the outcomes and requirements of the
local early warning systems. This is in addition to cooperation with international and
regional systems, considering the necessary measures towards rapid and appropriate
response to such requirements; along with making sure that it can deal with such
requirements through conducting periodic training and preparing periodic response
reports.
• The priority actions will ensure flexibility to meet special needs at ground level and
emerging needs due to changing risks.
• The strategy will engage the local community in managing local disaster risk often with the
collaboration of external actors from civil society, local government and the private sector.
NDRRS will also encourage dialogue, cooperation, and joint efforts between scientific and
technological circles along with other concerned entities, policymakers, public and private
sectors so as to link science with effective decisions in the field of disaster risk reduction.
• The priority actions will be national-level priority; however, the focus will be to build
resilience at community level. Sub-national and national government will be key in reducing
and managing disaster risks.
• The Strategy should include measures to be taken for the prevention of disasters, or the
mitigation of their effects, measures to be taken for preparedness and capacity building to
effectively respond to any threatening disaster, and roles and responsibilities of MACs. The
Strategy shall be reviewed and updated periodically (ideally every five years). Appropriate
provisions shall be made for financing measures to be carried out under the Action Plan.
• The Strategy and associated priority actions should be result oriented and will measure
changes in addressing disaster risks through tracking the impacts of disasters.
• The priority actions will use multi-hazard approach.

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 • The national multi-hazard preparedness and response plan will ensure a coordinated,
effective and functional preparedness and response mechanism, which will be used at all
levels of the government, with the capacity to address all threats to human safety.
• Identification and prioritization of actions will be based on disaster risk and impact of
intervention. The NDRRS will ensure the collection of relevant data and information with
practical value and analyzing, managing, using and disseminating them. Carrying out
periodic evaluation of disaster risks, vulnerability, and extent of exposure to them as well
as the characteristics of the risks responsible for their occurrence and their sequential
impacts on ecological systems. Preparing information and maps on disaster risks,
particularly at vulnerable places and hot spots. These pieces of information and maps
should include the scenarios relating to climate change and should be regularly updated
and circulated through using the applicable GIS technology.
• Avoid creating new risk, reduce existing risk and manage residual risk.

The formulation of the Strategy, following the key conception proposed by UNISDR (Annex 2),
will address the typology and level of the actual risk and resilience issues (Annexes 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, and 13), the PAPD and the 2012 National Disaster Risk Management Policy 1 and a number of
other initiatives, and in response to three global agendas, i.e. the Sendai Framework for Disaster
Risk Reduction (SFDRR), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Paris Climate
Agreements (PCA). Figure 1 illustrates four building blocks for a national DRR and Resilience
strategy. All the goals, targets, and articles that are related to three global agendas are
summarized in Annex 3 and their linkages in Annex 4.

Figure 1. Building blocks of a national Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Resilience Strategy

1
National DRM policy (2012)

14
Chapter 3.0 National DRR Context

3.1 Evolution of the DRM System

The legislative and institutional setup for disaster risk management has been evolving in Liberia.
Since 1976, disaster management in Liberia experienced three phases, namely: 1) Disaster Relief
phase, 2) Disaster Management System phase, and 3) Disaster Management Agency phase.

3.1.1 Establishment of the National Disaster Relief Commission

In 1976, an Executive Order by former President William R. Tolbert, Jr., established the National
Disaster Relief Commission (NDRC) to provide relief for disaster victims.

In May 1987 a Committee established to amend the 1976 Executive Order developed a National
Disaster Relief ‘Plan’ that was commissioned by former president Samuel K. Doe in 1988. The
Plan outlined the types of disasters to be addressed in Liberia, composition and functions of the
NDRC before, during and after a disaster and the roles of the National Red Cross and Disaster
Response Units at different institutions.

Later in 2007, the NDRC was reactivated by former president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf as a result of
a massive flooding of Bushrod Island, Paynesville and parts of Grand Cape Mount that affected
thousands of residents. As part of the response requirement and to improve coordination
between Government and partners, the Integrated National Disaster Contingency Plan was
developed with the objective of providing an effective and coordinated response to disasters
immediately after they occur.

The primary objective of the NDRC was to provide disaster relief assistance to victims, protect
lives and properties, and provide healthcare and welfare to the affected people. However, these
objectives enshrined in the plan were not coordinated by the NDRC due to lack of human and
logistical capacity. The NDRC setup comprises several line ministries, agencies and commissions
as well as local and international non-governmental partners. The UN agencies serve as co-opted
members of the NDRC. For decision-making and direction to key Government ministries,
agencies and commissions were constituted into a Board of Commissioners headed by the
Ministry of Internal Affairs as Chair and Ministry of Health & Social Welfare as Co-chair. Other
members include:
• Liberia National Red Cross Society – Secretary
• Ministry of Agriculture – member
• Ministry of Finance – Treasurer
• Ministry of Land, Mines & Energy – member
• Ministry of Public Works – member
• Ministry of Transport – member and several MACs

15
The Commission located at the Ministry of Internal Affairs setup a secretariat headed by a
director to coordinate its activities. The Deputy Minister for Operations, Ministry of Internal
Affairs exercise oversight responsibilities of the Secretariat for the following reasons: a) to cater
to disaster victims; b) to review regularly review and coordinate different disaster prevention,
preparedness, relief and rehabilitation measures and to coordinate them; c) for planning; and d)
to establish and maintain liaison with the representatives of the UN agencies, donors which have
disaster relief related programs within the country.

Although prevention of disasters was mentioned in the NDRC’s main objective, as well as in the
National Disaster Relief Plan, the NDRC remained a purely emergency response/relief-oriented
commission. Since 1976, the Commission has been involved in delivering relief assistance to
victims of fire, flood, rainstorm, sea erosion, landslide and other. The major challenge the
commission faced was capacity, mainly human and financial resource constraints. On its own, the
Commission was unable to coordinate disaster management activities due to limited institutional
mandate. The new legislation to be enacted replaces the National Disaster Relief Plan with the
National Disaster Management Policy.

3.1.2 Development of Disaster Risk Management System (DRMS)

The prolonged and dormant years of violent conflict in the country (1989 – 2003) gave rise to the
process of Disaster Risk Management System (DRMs), which began in 2007 with policy and plan
formulation by the Government and partners.

At the end of the civil crisis, efforts then gradually shifted and other developmental issues were
put in place such as the development of an Integrated National Contingency plan for Disaster
(INCP) and execution of the capacity Need Assessment (CNA) Report, conducted in 2007. In 2008,
DRM activities were focused on implementation of the recommendations outlined in both the
CNA Report and INCP, namely:
• Governance for Disaster Risk Reduction (Legal and Institutional Systems)
• Preparedness and Emergency Response
• Risk Identification and Early Warning
• Information and knowledge management
• Risk Management Applications

One key recommendation was the development of a policy and legislation for disaster risk
reduction. In response to the CNA recommendations, the Government of Liberia with UN
financial and technical assistance, and through a Policy Development Working Groups as well as
task forces members from MIA, MOJ, LNRCS, WFP, UNMIL, UNDP, WHO, WB and Child Fund
developed a National Disaster Management Policy followed by a Draft Act in 2012. In addition,
a name change was suggested and approved from NDRC to NDMA. Henceforth, under the new
legislation the National Disaster Relief Commission is now called the National Disaster
Management Agency. The whole National Disaster Management System after the passage of the
legislation consists of the committees and structures outlined in Figure 6(Chapter 5): National

16
Disaster Management System in Liberia. In keeping with the government of Liberia’s
decentralization efforts, DRM activities were fully decentralized through the reactivation of the
fifteen Counties Disaster Management Committees (CDMCs), with support from the World Bank
through the World Food Program between 2013-2015. In 2014-2015, the Government with
supported by the United States Africa Command (USAFricom) hosted a high-level meeting to
enhance the capacity of NDRC through the provision of foreign Disaster Preparedness Training
to inter-sectorial technicians. DRM activities were also enhanced through the Economic
Community of West African States (ECOWAS) “Table Top Exercise” which provided Disaster
Preparedness training for four hundred eighty (480) CDMC members across the Country from
October to December 2015.

In early 2016, DRM activities were supported through the UNISDR training of fifteen Data clerks
in Disaster Loss Bases Management and with technical support from WFP/World Bank funded
project that provided office equipment (Desk Top Computers and Printers) to CDMCs for use by
the trained County Data Clerks as a way to boost the reporting process at the sub-national levels.
In adherence to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and our experience
with the Ebola outbreak accelerated the establishment of the National Disaster Management
Agency (NDMA) in June 2016.

Between the end of 2017 and early 2018, key instruments required to adequately support DRM
activities in Liberia were put in place including;
• Standard Operating Procedures for the establishment of a National Early Warning and
Emergency Operation Center (NEWEOC)
• Design of the NEWEOC and alignment of equipment with the security sector were
completed
• National Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan finalized, validated and disseminated across the
fifteen CDMCs with support from the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning
(MFDP) through UNDP
• National Disaster Response Manual developed and training on the usage carried out for
CDMCs developed by GoL.
• Finalization of County Emergency Operations Centers (CEOCs) Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs)

The government setting up a National Headquarters for the NDMA with support from the MPTF
was a milestone in DRM in Liberia in 2018.

3.2 DRM-related Legal and Policy Frameworks

In order to reduce climate and disaster risks and enhance the Disaster Risk Management System
of Liberia, the Government of Liberia has published a number of legal and regulatory acts or laws
as follows:
• The Disaster Management Act
• The National Disaster Risk Management Policy

17
 • Multi-hazards contingency plan
• National gender policy for DRM in Liberia
• MISCA plan

In addition, a number of policies have been formulated to facilitate Disaster Risk Reduction and
Climate Change Adaptation in Liberia:
• National Strategy and Response Policy for Climate Change Adaptation (2016)
• National wildlife conservation and protected area management law
• Guidelines for mainstreaming climate change adaptation into the national planning and
budgeting process
• SOP for receiving International emergency Relief consignments and equipment imported
for humanitarian purposes
• National Oil Spill Contingency Plan of Liberia

All the aforementioned legal and regulatory acts and policies should be mainstreamed into
respective legal acts and policies for development. Annex 5 lists all the sectoral legal acts and
policies for development that should be reviewed during the implementation of the national DRR
and resilience strategy 2030.

3.3 Stakeholders and their Roles

3.3.1 National Government Agencies

In Liberia, NDMA, MFDP, and EPA are the three leading agencies that are in a strong position to
guide and coordinate disaster risk management.
• National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA) is responsible for developing and
implementing disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery
efforts at the national and local levels, as well as serving as the major champion of disaster
risk management initiatives, where national-level planning and sectoral agencies develop
and implement national government policies and programs. Both long-term planning
activities and the day-to-day workings of the national government can significantly
increase or decrease the current and long-term vulnerability of a country to natural
hazards.
• Ministry of Finance and Development Planning (MFDP): MFDP is responsible for
formulating, institutionalizing and administering economic development, fiscal and tax
policies for the promotion of sound and efficient management of financial resources of
the government.
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
the regulatory Institution of the Government of Liberia for the sustainable management
of the environment and its natural resources. The EPA operates on three basic legal
Instruments: The National Environmental Policy (NEP), The Environmental Management
and Protection Law of Liberia and the Act Creating the Environmental Protection Agency.
Of these three instruments, the National Environmental Policy ordered the creation of

18
 the Environmental Protection Agency to ensure sound environmental management and
put in place measure to avoid irreparable damage to the country’s natural resources.

However, most disaster risk management actions and programs, by their nature, must be
implemented by the sectoral agencies and organizations responsible for the infrastructure,
assets, programs and individuals involved, including:
• Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL)
• Forestry Development Authority (FDA)
• Governance Commission
• Hydrological Survey
• Liberia Electricity Regulatory Authority (LERA)
• Liberia Geological Survey (LGS)
• Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS)
• Liberia Land Authority (LLA)
• Liberia Maritime Authority (LMA)
• Liberia National Fire Service (LNF)
• Liberia National Police (LNP)
• Liberia National Red Cross Society (LNRCS)
• Liberia Petroleum Refining Company (LPRC)
• Liberia Petroleum Regulatory Authority (LPRC)
• Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation (LWSC)
• Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)
• Ministry of Commerce Trade and Industry (MCTI)
• Ministry of Education (MOE)
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA)
• Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MGCSP)
• Ministry of Health (MOH)
• Ministry of Information, Cultural Affairs & Tourism (MICAT)
• Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA)
• Ministry of Justice (MOJ)
• Ministry of Labor (MOL)
• Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME)
• Ministry of National Defense (MOD)
• Ministry of Public Works (MPW)
• Ministry of Transport (MOT
• Ministry of Youth & Sports (MYS)
• National Company of Liberia (MCL)
• National Fisheries and Aquaculture Authority (NaFAA)
• National Public Health Institute of Liberia (NPHIL)
• National Security Agency (NSA)
• National WASH Commission (WASH)

19
Details on the leading agencies, stakeholders, and coordination mechanisms of each sector are
summarized in Annex 6.

3.3.2 Local Stakeholders

At the local level, civil society (i.e. individuals, the private sector, the labor sector, political parties,
academics and other non-governmental actors and organizations), local disaster committees
and, where existing, local governments can play important roles in disaster risk management.
Many local organizations and groups serve communities, often focusing on specific geographic
areas. Faith-based organizations, service-oriented organizations, school-related groups and
traditional institutions and sports clubs can serve as information conduits, provide mutual
support for members and neighbors and identify practices and developments that increase or
decrease hazard vulnerability. Local businesses serve the needs of the community and provide
critical employment. Where they exist, local media outlets, such as print and electronic media for
example newspapers and radio stations and social media, can provide appropriate information,
tailored to the community, and serve as an important voice of the community.

All parts of civil society also play a strong role in risk management at the national and regional
levels. Private companies and their organizations—chambers of commerce, business and trade
associations and standards organizations—control the majority of the businesses and assets that
make up a country's economy. Their decisions on how to invest, build, maintain and ensure these
assets have a significant effect on how well a country's economy can weather and recover from
a natural disaster event. Indigenous financial institutions provide the funding for most local
construction and development activities and, therefore, have the potential to contribute
significantly to risk management through their lending standards and policies. Business and
industry actors play a central role in risk management at all levels— local, national and regional.
Links to other businesses, both nationally and internationally, through trade associations and
business transactions, provide businesses with access to tested and appropriate risk
management practices.

Most national disaster and emergency management organizations in the region support a
network of local disaster management committees. These committees implement, in
coordination with other local groups, the activities of the National Disaster Management Agency
(NDMA), such as local shelter management, and inform national disaster management policies
and actions through local disaster management planning. Local governments, where they exist
and function must be given the ability to guide local hazard risk management efforts through
policies which encourage local participation and through the provision of technical assistance to
local groups.

3.3.3 International Development Partners

Multi- and bi-lateral lending institutions and donors can affect the vulnerability of the region to
natural hazards through their lending and grant programs. Although funds from donor agencies

20
for post-disaster reconstruction and response are diminishing, international donors continue to
be seen by many countries as the prime insurer of natural catastrophe risk. In an effort to change
this perspective and to promote better hazard risk management in the region, a number of
donors have supported broad hazard mitigation projects and initiatives in the region over the
past decade. These focused risk management interventions must be reinforced by the
incorporation of risk management measures into all funded activities. Appraisal of hazard risk,
through mechanisms such as natural hazard impact assessments, and identification and
implementation of appropriate risk management interventions must be incorporated into
standard project development and approval processes. By coordinating efforts and taking explicit
steps to ensure that funded projects are appropriately located and constructed and by
supporting related institutional capacity building, financial and donor institutions at all levels can
contribute significantly to overall hazard risk management in the region.

Annex 7 lists all the international and national development partners in Liberia.

3.4 Governance and Coordination Mechanisms at all Levels

Disaster risk management actions must be taken at many different levels simultaneously to
achieve maximum effectiveness. Currently, most existing risk management activities and
programs in Liberia are undertaken at the national level, coordinated by the NDMA. As
governments, private-sector enterprises, communities and individuals repeatedly suffer losses
and attempt to recover from the effects of natural disasters, a broader range of groups and
organizations have become actively involved in disaster risk management. For particularly
vulnerable communities, decisions that can be made and actions taken close to the individual-
and community-level have more immediate and significant effects than do more distant ones.
Often, however, appropriate expertise, decision-making power, organizational mechanisms and
economies of scale require actions and decisions to be taken at the local level in areas such as
hazard mapping, vulnerability assessment and building code implementation and enforcement.

21
Chapter 4.0 National Disaster Risk Hotspots

4.1 Climate-sensitive Ecosystems

There are three major types of ecosystems in Liberia: 1) Coastal and marine ecosystem; 2) Forest
ecosystem; 3) Mountain ecosystem; and 4) Savannah ecosystem. All the aforementioned
ecosystems are highly sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and sea level rise. The following
are brief characteristics of these ecosystems.

4.1.1 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems (CMEs)

The coastal ecosystem of Liberia, with an average altitude of 20 ft above sea level, consists of
estuaries, sand beaches, mangroves, and lagoons. There are sixteen (16) rivers entering the
coastal zone from an extensive network of catchments basins and transporting great quantity of
sediments from land based industrial and agricultural activities, of which the Mano River, Lofa
River, St. John River, St. Paul River, Cestos River and the Cavalla River are the major ones in
Liberia. The major lagoons are Bernard Beach Lagoon, the Sherman Lagoon and Caesar Beach
Lagoon. Mangroves cover discontinued blocks along the coast – from Cape Mesurado to Cape
Palmas at the edges of lagoons, river banks and river estuaries and in widespread areas of swamps.
The swamp-related vegetation, which includes mangrove forests and savannah woodland related
vegetation that extend up to 25 km inland.

The coastal and marine ecosystems are subject to all kinds of misuse such as coastal erosion due
to sand mining, oil pollution, solid and sewage wastes dumps, human settlement and the
discharge of run-off agricultural activities, etc., thereby contributing significantly to:
• The country’s pollution problems in the coastal and marine ecosystems.
• High levels of sedimentation in estuaries, lakes and lagoons resulting from poor upland
agricultural practices
• Loss of mangrove forest and tidal marshlands which support traditional fisheries
• Agricultural run-off and potential pesticide pollution in lagoons, estuaries, lakes and
wetlands
• The implications of all these problems for the socio-economic livelihood status of the
already poor Liberian people.

4.1.2 Forest Ecosystems

The Liberia‘s forest ecosystems are characterized by high rainfall as well as high diversity and
abundance of animal and plant species. Two types of forests are distinguished in the country:
• The evergreen forest ecosystems receive a very high rainfall and are characterized by dense
vegetation which comprises tall trees at different heights and are mostly found in the
southeast of Liberia. The moist semi-deciduous forest ecosystems also receive high rainfall
but not as high as the evergreen forest ecosystem, and are found in the northwest of the
country.

22
 • The evergreen and moist semi-deciduous forest ecosystems constitute the two main forest
blocks in the country and probably the largest forest blocks in the Upper Guinea Forest of
West Africa.

Currently, there are four protected areas created in the terrestrial ecosystems in Liberia. They include
Sapo National Park in southeastern Liberia (the oldest protected area in Liberia), Nimba Nature
Reserve in Northern Liberia, Grebo-Krahn in Southeastern Liberia and Gola Peace park in
northwestern Liberia.

4.1.3 Mountain Ecosystems

Mountains ecosystems are located at highlands and host plant and animal species that can adapt to
the influence of elevation and climate of the area. The ecological richness and beautiful sceneries of
Liberia‘s mountainous landscapes make for attractive tourist destinations. Unfortunately, the tourism
sector of Liberia is still underdeveloped and so is unable to utilize the opportunities which these
mountain ecosystems provide.

4.1.4 Savanna Ecosystems

The Liberian savanna ecosystems are highly specialized places for certain plants and animals and are
perfect habitat for birds of prey. These ecosystems are characterized by a forest-grassland mosaic
structure where patches of forest are developed within the grassland. Two main types of savanna
ecosystems are found in the country: 2
• Open savanna. The open savanna ecosystems are waterlogged seasonally (i.e. in the rainy
season only). They are completely dry and humid lands during the dry season.
• Savanna woodland. The savanna woodland ecosystems are found in the northern highland,
particularly in Lofa and Nimba Counties, and contain patches of forest with Elephant grass
(Pennisetumpurpureum).

The major threat to all Liberian savanna ecosystems is fire. These grasslands are intentionally set
on fire each year during the dry season. The local people‘s reason for burning the savanna fields
is to clean up the areas. Also farming forest patches in savanna ecosystems destroy important
biodiversity species and their habitats.

4.2 Hazard Profiles and Hazard-prone Areas

4.2.1 Hazard Profiles

There are a number of hazards affecting Liberia. When these encounter the vulnerable elements
(human, environment and economic assets) and fragile environment created by years of conflicts
and poverty of the Liberian population; either local or national disasters can easily occur. The
most common hazards are as follows: epidemics, floods, tropical storms, fire, tidal abnormalities,
2
Updated National Biodiversity Strategy & Action Program (2017)

23
coastal erosion, droughts. A comprehensive multi-hazard risk assessment of Liberia at national
level is still to be conducted, however, based on a preliminary hazard studies and other reports,
basic hazard information is summarized in Table 2.

Among all the hazards listed in Table 2, windstorm, flood, coastal erosion, and house fire are four
major hazards prevailing in Liberia in terms of the frequency of occurrence.

There are also human-induced disasters resulting from war, refugees, internally displaced people
(IDP), chemical and harmful elements. In future, meteorological hazards such as floods and
droughts are likely to increase due to global warming. Industrial development might further lead
to oil spills and other toxic waste disasters.

Table 2. Hazard profiles of Liberia.

Hazard Profile
A flood is a high flow of water, which exceeds either the natural or artificial banks of a river or area of land.
Floods induce disasters when human settlements have an overflow of water beyond the normal confines
Flood and humans are unable to cope with the calamity, or when they result in the destruction of crops, social and
economic infrastructures. By 2017, more than 100,000 people were affected by flood in Liberia. In 1982,
landslides killed 42 people in Grand Cape Mount County.
Windstorm, a wind that is strong enough to cause at least light damage to trees and buildings and may or
may not be accompanied by precipitation. Wind speeds during a windstorm typically exceed 24 meters per
Windstorm second. Wind damage can be attributed to gusts (short bursts of high-speed winds) or longer periods of
stronger sustained winds. Windstorms may last for just a few minutes when caused by downbursts
from thunderstorms, or they may last for hours (and even several days) when they result from large-
scale weather systems.
Drought is defined as a period of abnormally dry weather that persists long enough to produce a serious
imbalance, (for example; crop damage, water supply shortage, etc.) The severity of the drought depends
upon the degree of moisture deficiency, the duration, period of occurrence and the size of the affected area.
Drought Although this is not a problem now in Liberia, global warming (hence climate change) directs us to ensure
preparedness in this area. However, according to EM-DAT high extremes of temperature have affected over
one million people in the last ten years.
The World Health Organization defines an epidemic as "an unusually large or unexpected increase in the
number of cases of the disease for a given time, place or period." Human epidemics in Liberia include
Epidemics cholera, measles, yellow fever, Ebola and Lassa fever. There are also livestock diseases including bird flu that
need close monitoring. According to the Emergency Management Disaster Assistance Team (EM-DAT), over
600 people have been killed by different epidemics in the last ten years.
Coastal erosion has become a major problem in the coastal areas in Liberia and this is mainly exacerbated
by changing weather conditions, sea level rise and other human activities. The result being that populations
are being displaced and infrastructure lost due to high coastal erosion Liberia coastal cities are experiencing
increased of sea flooding, accelerated coastal erosion, and seawater intrusion into freshwater sources; these
Coastal erosion processes will be exacerbated by climate change and sea- level rise in particular has contributed to erosion
of sandy and gravel beaches and barriers ; loss of coastal dunes and wetland; and drainage problem in
Monrovia, coastal settlement will continue to be exposed to pressures whose impacts are expected to be
largely negative and potentially disastrous in some instances.

24
 Fire is defined as a rapid persistent chemical reaction that releases heat and usually light. Monrovia
particularly has experienced several fires outbreak causing deaths, injuries and destruction of properties.
The fire at the Executive Mansion on 26 July 2006 and the fire in Paynesville in which 27 persons died on
September 17 are classic examples. Most of the fire in Liberia is at the results of candles, electrical shocks,
mosquito coils, matches and generator. Fires are one of the most frequent hazards in Liberia, which causes
House fire the loss of life, juries and destruction of properties. The statistics of historic disasters shows that Fire
outbreaks in Liberia are very high during the dry season as compared to the rainy season. Communities in
Monrovia particularly West Point, Logan Town, New Kru Town, Doe Community, point four (4), Clara Town,
Duport Road, Matildi Communities, Paynesville, Vai Town, Old road and Gardnerville are the hardest hit Fire
Prone communities in Liberia. At least one fire incidence is reported every month in these communities.
A pest is an animal, insect or plant that causes damage to crop plants or animals by feeding on them. Ticks,
Pests/insects larger grain borer, the caterpillars/armyworms, tsetse fly, mosquitoes, locusts and rodents are problematic
in all parts of Liberia.
Conflicts have proven to be a potential hazard owing to Liberia’s fourteen (14) years of civil war. The Country
continues to experience other kinds of conflicts including land disputes, economic and political conflicts. The
youths in Liberia most times are perpetrators of conflicts and, normally result to the destruction of critical
Conflict infrastructures to include; police stations, vehicles, homes, school building among others. Liberia also
experienced violent conflicts in concession areas because of little or no understanding of concession
agreements signed between the local authorities and the concessioners.
A sudden influx of refugees and IDPs can be described as a disaster because of the exceptional measures
that are required to be put in place in order to manage the situation. Some refugees may have travelled long
Refugees and IDP distances from their usual place of residence. Having left their usual area of residence IDPs and refugees
need to be guaranteed protection, and provided with basic needs such as shelter, water, sanitary and health
amenities.
Other emergencies such as economic shock, car accidents, maritime, mining, chemical pollution, and
industrial accidents are of concern in Liberia’s future. A close monitoring of the frequency and impacts of
Other emergencies these shall be undertaken by the relevant different government ministries/agencies. This also includes acts
of terrorism and civil disobedience.

4.2.2 Hazard-prone areas

Flood-prone Areas:

In Liberia, floods are one of the most frequent hazards, which occur during rainy seasons. Floods
are costly in terms of human and economic loss. Direct impacts of floods are drowning, still water,

25
outbreak of diseases, and damage to infrastructure, as well as loss of farmlands.

Figure 2 presents major hazard-prone areas in Liberia as of 2019. The flood-prone areas can be
divided into two categories: 1) Coastal flood-prone areas; 2) Inland flood-prone areas.

26
Figure 2. Major flood-prone areas of Libera (as of 2019)

Coastal Erosion-prone Areas:

27
The total length of Liberia’s coastline is 580 kilometers (360 miles). As shown in

Figure 3, most of the coastal lines are susceptible to coastal erosion that will be intensified with
increasing sea level rise. With a one-meter sea level rise, about 95 km2 of land in the coastal zone
of Liberia will be inundated, of which about 50% (48 km2) of the total land loss due to inundation
will be the sheltered coast.3With a one-meter sea level rise , parts of the capital city of Monrovia
and its environs, West Point New Kru Town, River Cess, Buchanan and Robertsport will be lost
due to the fact that the greater parts of these areas are below one meter. The mangrove systems
along the coast will be lost. About 250 million US$ worth of land and infrastructures such as Hotel
Africa will also be lost.

Inundation will be followed by shoreline retreat which would vary along the coast from 10 meters
in the higher cliffed zone between Mamba Point and Sinkor to about 20 meters in the lowlands
on the Bushrod Island. All the damages that occur along the coast are located on Bushrod Island,
Buchanan, Cestos City, and Robertsport. These are the areas on the coast where erosion is most
severe. The development of sea ports and sand pits along the coast has meant that the major
coastal cities such as Monrovia, Buchanan and Harper are sand starved. Sand is trapped by the
sand spit and does not flow west of the constructed ports. This means that massive loss of sand
west of these constructions due to erosion is not replaced. The sand eroded from the coast finds

3
Wiles, D.L., 2005: Coastal zone vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Liberia. Proceedings of the training
workshop on adaptation and vulnerability to climate change, Maputo, Mozambique, April 18-22, 2005.

28
its way to the sea ports such as the Freeport of Monrovia and the port of Buchanan, thus causing
navigational problems. 4

Several locations of the coastal line, such as Ex-Hotel Africa, West Point, Buchanan, and coastal
cities are subject to a coastal erosion of 3-5 meter per year. As a result, about 30 to 200 meters
of Liberia’s coast line has been lost to coastal erosion over the past decade.

Figure 3. Coastal erosion susceptibility areas of Liberia (as of 2019).

Windstorm-prone Areas:

Although the geographical coverage and duration of storms are sometimes small and short, the
damage and losses caused by windstorms are enormous. According to the National Disaster
Management Agency, approximately 150,000 persons have suffered from the impact of strong
wind storms over the recent three years in Liberia.

Damage, including falling of trees on vehicles and homes, dropping of power lines and poles, De-
roofing of buildings, flying of zinc and other dangerous objects, eye injuries caused by flying dust
or debris, is largely attributed to exposure and low capacity for storm-resistant construction
practices and inputs.

4
Tumbey, 2015; Wiles, 2005, Updated National Biodiversity Strategy & Action Program 2017

29
As shown in

Figure 4, Gbarpolu, Lofa, Bong, Grand Gedeh, River Gee, Nimba and nine coastal counties are
prone to windstorms, which are especially intense at the inception and close of the rainy
season in April and October.

Figure 4. Windstorm-prone areas of Liberia (as of 2019).

4.3 Risk Hotspots and Vulnerability Profiles

The risk hotspots and their vulnerability profiles of Liberia are summarized in Table 3 and Table
4. The following is a snapshot of these risk hotspots:
• 11 flood-specific risk hotspots are identified, which are located in 11 counties. Total 103
communities and 8 sectors (i.e. Agriculture, fishery, education, health, housing, transport,
WASH, trade & commerce), are exposed to floods, with 9 elements are at risk.
• 9 coastal erosion specific risk hotspots are identified, which are located in 9 counties.
Total 60 communities and 9 sectors (i.e. Agriculture, education, fishery, health, housing,

30
 transport, WASH, trade commerce, Energy, are exposed to coastal erosion, with 10
elements are at risk.
• 12 windstorm specific risk hotspots are identified, which are located in 12 counties. Total
57 communities and 8 sectors (i.e. Agriculture, education, Communication, health,
housing, transport, WASH, trade & commerce, are exposed to windstorm, with 7
elements are at risk).
• Population exposure has been increasing by around 25% all the three major hazards since
2008. As of 2018, around 2.2 million people are exposed to floods, 0.32 million to coastal
erosion, and 2.1 million to windstorm, as shown in Table 4.

Details on hazard-specific risk hotspots and their profiles are detailed in Annex 9, Annex 10,
Annex 11, Annex 12, and Annex 13.

Table 3. Hazard-specific risk hotspots and their profiles of Liberia by county (as of 2019).
Risk Hotspots
Flood Coastal Erosion Windstorm
No. Country
# of Hotspot
Hotspot Name # of VCs Hotspot Name # of VCs
VCs Name
Senjeh-Klay
Tubmanburg-Dewoin-
1 Bomi Dewoin-Suehn 9 Dewoin District 15 14
Klay-Senjeh
Mecca Districts
Gbarnga-Selequelle-
2 Bong Gbarnga 6 - - 24
Panta-Gbarnga
3 Gbarpolu Bopolu 2 - - Bopolu 2
4 Grand Bassa Buchana 20 Edina-Buchana 12 Buchanan 18
Common Wealth-
Robertsport-
Grand Cape Garmula-
5 37 Common-wealth- 16 Robertsport 15
Mount Golakonneh-
Tehwor-Porkpa
Tehwor-Porkpa
Sasstown-
6 Grand Kru Wakpeken-Topoh 6 14 Wertehen-Kayken 4
Picnicess
7 Grand Gedeh Zwedru-Konobo 4 - - Zwedru-Putu-Konobo 7
8 Lofa Voinjama 45 - - Fishtown-Chedepo 14
Katata-Dolo-
Unification-New Kakata-Konola-Weala-
9 Margibi 25 Marshall 1 8
Dolo-Mamba- Borlorla
Wealla
10 Maryland Harper 13 Harper 7 Harper-Plibo 17
Monrovia- Monrovia- Monrovia-Paynesville-
11 Montserrado 36 14 22
Payesville Payesville Bushrod Island
Saniquellie-Tapeta-
12 Nimba - - - - 5
Kamplay
Fish Town-Gbeapo
13 River Gee 2 - - - -
Kanweaken
14 Rivercess Cestos 9 Cestos 10 Fishtown-Chedepo 4
15 Sinoe Greenville 15 Greenville 11 Greenville 3

31
 Total 14 226 9 100 14 167

Table 4. Hazard-specific population exposure of Liberia in 2008, by county.

Population in Flood- Population in Coastal Erosion Population in Wind Storm
County
specific Risk Hotspots Specific Risk Hotspots specific Risk Hotspots
BOMI 14,908 23397 29271
BONG 12,356 0 236413
GBARPOLU 6,521 0 19612
GRAND BASSA 24,924 36190 73800
GRAND CAPE
MOUNT 19,451 49162 23152
GRAND GEDEH 3,620 0 35476
GRAND KRU 3,815 5085 26150
LOFA 78,501 0 117064
MARGIBI 78,822 2088 163088
MARYLAND 78,757 38024 74758
MONTSERRADO 1,042,655 88242 81790
NIMBA 29,139 0 332002
RIVER GEE 5,212 0 31011
RIVERCESS 11,485 6003 21328
SINOE 1,997 13370 14555
SubTotal 1,412,163 261,561 1,279,470

4.4 Coastal Population and Land Exposure

The total population in Liberia was estimated at 4.8 million people in 2018. According to Table 6,
Table 6, and Figure 5, around half of the population (43.5% ) are residing in the coastal low-lying
areas with an elevation of less than 10 m above sea level and an area of 4500 km2, which accounts
for only 4% of the territory area of Liberia. Around 2% of the population are living in the extremely
low-lying areas with an elevation of <2 m above sea level and an area of 155 km2), and 16.4% in
the moderately low-lying areas (<5m above sea level and 1,253 km2).

These population is extremely susceptible to the increasing sea level rise.

Table 5. Population and land in the coastal low-lying areas (<10 m above sea level) (as of 2019).

Coastal low-
lying areas at Area Female
Villages Households Total POP Male POP
different (km2) POP
elevation
<2 m AMSL 155 31 20,594 104,270 53,428 48,842
<5 m AMSL 1,253 346 156,588 787,995 402,277 383,666

32
 <10 m AMSL 4,532 1,324 425,118 2,088,898 1,061,987 1,024,869

Table 6. Population and households in the low-lying coastal areas of Liberia (< 10 m above mean
sea level (AMSL)), disaggregated by county.

Coastal Female Male

County Area (km2) Households Total POP
Zone POP POP
< 2 m AMSL 0 0 0 0 0
Bomi < 5 m AMSL 49 42 150 78 72
< 10m AMSL 156 1,718 7,558 3,831 3,727
< 2 m AMSL 8 10,525 50,245 25,560 22,685
Grand Bassa < 5 m AMSL 223 14,209 68,950 35,273 31,677
< 10m AMSL 775 18,970 89,813 45,866 41,947
< 2 m AMSL 28.0 873 3,776 1,873 1,903
Grand Cape
< 5 m AMSL 214.0 963 4,291 2,191 2,100
Mount < 10m AMSL 881 5,925 28,655 14,259 14,396
< 2 m AMSL 15 53 309 158 151
Grand Kru < 5 m AMSL 167 569 3,666 1,852 1,814
< 10m AMSL 715 2,709 18,249 9,028 9,231
< 2 m AMSL 0 0 0 0 0
Margibi < 5 m AMSL 187 3,400 19,998 9,767 10,279
< 10m AMSL 511 8,825 44,009 21,953 22,104
< 2 m AMSL 8.0 190 1,535 660 875
Maryland < 5 m AMSL 103 4,265 27,984 13,886 14,098
< 10m AMSL 241 5,115 34,099 16,643 17,456
< 2 m AMSL 12 8,654 46,951 24,482 22,469
Montserrado < 5 m AMSL 144 129,157 642,049 329,137 896,832
< 10m AMSL 414 374,775 1,829,069 932,137 896,832
< 2 m AMSL 6 51 237 114 123
Rivercess < 5 m AMSL 43 765 4,057 1,879 2,178
< 10m AMSL 215 2,023 10,085 4,823 5,262
< 2 m AMSL 78 248 1,217 581 636
Sinoe < 5 m AMSL 123 3,218 16,850 8,330 8,520
< 10m AMSL 624 5,058 27,361 13,447 13,914
Source: This project.

33
Figure 5. Low-lying coastal areas of Liberia (< 10 m above mean sea level).

34
Chapter 5.0 Strategy Statement

5.1 Vision

A safe and resilient Liberia through the establishment of a functioning national Disaster Risk
Management (DRM) system and a significant reduction and management of the exposure and
vulnerability of Liberian society to natural and man-made hazards, as well as climate change.

Specifically, the National DRR Strategy will commit to:

• develop an integrated system framework5 to address disaster risk reduction at sectoral,
sub-national, and national levels (Figure 6);
• strengthen the appropriate legislative and regulatory framework in support of disaster
risk reduction;
• strengthen the capacities of institutions and individuals involved in disaster risk reduction;
• promote collaboration, coordination and strengthen cooperation among agencies to
harmonize activities towards achieving common objectives for disaster risk reduction;
• promote awareness and empowerment of communities to manage disaster risks;
• reduce and control the risk for loss of life and personal injury from the impacts of natural
and man-made disasters;
• protect and enhance the environment as a component of disaster risk management; and
• protect the major economic sectors and supporting infrastructure systems from the
effects of hazards.

5
A fully-functioning national DRM system should have the following functions or services that are provided different national stakeholders: 1)
Leadership and coordination; 2) data and risk Information services; 3) hazard mapping and risk hotspot identification; 4)training, education and
awareness raising; 5)legal and policy advisory services (to sectors and local governments); 6) technical support to design, review and approval of
DRR plans; 7) technical support to DRR plan integration ( sectors and local comprehensive plans); 8) DRR portfolio management (DRR projects and
programmes); 9) National DRR-related programming such as NRA, training, risk awareness campaign, hotspot-specific programmes; 10) Resource
mobilization and Grants management; 11) Donor relationship management; 12) Monitoring & Evaluation (DRR programmes and projects) 13)
Reporting to global and regional DRR-related agendas, such as SFDRR, SDGs, etc.; 14) Communication and outreach (National forum, NPDRR, policy
dialogue among stakeholders).

35
Figure 6. Key components and relationships of an integrated national DRM system.

5.2 Goals and Objectives

By 2030, the national DRR and resilience strategy will achieve the following goals and objectives6:

Goal 1: Significantly reduce and control the risks associated with floods, coastal erosions and
windstorms
Objective 1.1 Significantly reduce the exposure of population in hazard-prone areas by
2027.7
Objective 1.2 Significantly reduce the number and extent of flood-prone areas by 2027.8
Objective 1.3 Effectively protect and manage coastal ecosystems, i.e. mangroves and
beaches against coastal erosion and sea level rise by 2023.9
Objective 1.4 Build, upgrade and protect healthcare and educational facilities that are
safe from natural hazards and resilient from epidemic disasters by 2027.10

6
The Goals set what to achieve after the successful implementation of the Strategy. The Objectives are measures to
reach the goals.
7
SDG Target 1.5: Reduce exposure of the poor to climate related extreme events and disasters; SDG Target 11.5 /
SFDRR Target A: Significantly reduce the number of deaths, affected and economic losses by disasters.
8
SDG Target 15.3: Restore land affected by drought and floods.
9
SDG Target 6.6: By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands,
rivers, aquifers and lakes; SDG Target 14.2: By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems
to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration
in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans).
10
SDG Target 4.a: Build and upgrade educational facilities that are safe from disasters; SDG Target 3.6: Develop early
warning and reduce risk of health-related disasters.

36
 Objective 1.5 Construct roads without creating new flood risks to local communities by
2023.11

Goal 2: Establish a functioning national DRM system12

Objective 2.1 Clarify the roles and responsibilities of all national stakeholders in providing
key DRM functions and services13by 2023.
Objective 2.2 Strengthen the institutional capacity of NDMA in supporting DRR planning,
managing climate/disaster risk information, providing technical training, and coordinating
risk awareness/advocacy campaign activities by 2023.
Objective 2.3 Establish various thematic coordination mechanisms14 among all national
stakeholders in various formats by 2027.
Objective 2.4 Develop long-term International collaboration and partnerships to support
the implementation of the national DRR and resilience strategy of Liberia by 2023.

Goal 3: Develop national and local DRR strategies and action plans and fully integrate into
various development plans15
Objective 3.1 National DRR and resilience strategy developed and officially adopted by
all the national stakeholders by 2020.
Objective 3.2 National DRR and Resilience strategy integrated into sectoral
development strategies and plans by 2027.
Objective 3.3 All local governments are supported to develop local DRR strategies and
action plans by 2030.
Objective 3.4 All local DRR strategies and action plans are fully integrated into local
comprehensive development plans by 2030.

11
SDG Target 9.1: Develop quality and reliable infrastructure that are resilient to disasters.
12
SDG Target 2.4: Strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other
disasters; SDG Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural
disasters; SFDRR Target E, F, G; PCA Article 8.
13
Key Functions of the national DRM system include: 1) Leadership and coordination; 2) data and risk Information
services; 3) hazard mapping and risk hotspot identification; 4) training, education and awareness raising; 5) legal and
Policy advisory services (to sectors and local governments); 6) technical support to design, review and approval of
DRR plans; 7) technical support to DRR plan integration ( sectors and local comprehensive plans, DRR portfolio
management (DRR projects and programmes); 8) National DRR-related programming such as NRA, training, risk
awareness campaign, hotspot-specific programmes; 9) resource mobilization and grants management; 10)donor
relationship management; 11)monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the implementation of DRR-related programmes
and projects; 12) reporting to global and regional DRR-related agendas, such as SFDRR, SDGs, PCA, etc.; and 13)
communication and outreach, via National forum or NPDRR for policy dialogue among stakeholders, on safe growth,
resilience building, and sustainable development.
14
Key thematic resilience themes include risk information and knowledge management (IKM), risk-informed
development planning (RiDev), critical infrastructure protection (CIP), shock-responsive social protection (SRSP),
disaster/emergency management (DEM), and financing for disaster risk reduction (F4DRR).
15
SFDRR Target E: Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction
strategies by 2020.

37
Goal 4: Fully-functioning National Risk Information System (NRIS) established to be accessible
to the public and decision making.16
Objective 4.1 National Data Infrastructure (NDI), including disaster impact database,
established to support National hazard mapping and risk hotspot profiling, by 2023.
Objective 4.2 Detailed hazard maps and risk hotspot profiles developed to refine DRR
baselines by 2023.
Objective 4.3 People-centered Multi-Hazard Early Warning System established by 2027.

Goal 5: Long-term national support programmes established through extensive international

collaboration and partnerships17
Objective 5.1 National DRR Planning Support Programmes established by 2023 and
operationalized within the NDMA structure by 2027.
Objective 5.2 National Community-based Risk Awareness Campaign Programme
established by 2023 and operationalized within the NDMA structure by 2027.
Objective 5.3 National DRM training programme established by2023 and operationalized
within the NDMA structure by 2027.

Goal 6: Adequate financing mechanisms established to support the sustainability of

implementing DRR strategy and action plans
Objective 6.1 National annual budget lines established to provide a seed fund to support
national and local DRR planning by 2023.
Objective 6.2 Collaboration and partnerships of various formats, such as Technical
Assistance (TA), established with key global funds, international and regional financial
institutions, and bi-lateral donors by 2023.
Objective 6.3 National strategy for resource mobilization and grant management
developed and implemented by 2023.

5.3 Strategic Focuses

Strategic focus refers to the geographic areas, sectors, elements at risk, jurisdictions, resilience
themes that need to be specifically looked at during the planned timeframe, which will serve as
a guide for the stakeholder to set up their priorities. In terms of hazard risk assessment and
sensitivity analysis, Table 7identifies strategic focuses in seven categories.

Table 7. Strategic focuses for DRM programming in Liberia.

Category Strategic Focuses

16
SFDRR Target G: Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and
disaster risk information and assessments to people by 2030.
17
SFDRR Target F: Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate
and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of the present
Framework by 2030.

38
 Hazard-prone
All the flood-prone areas identified; coastal erosion areas (coastal ecosystems).
areas
Risk hotspots18 the Monrovia area; the risk hotspots in focus counties.

Agriculture, environment & climate change, education, health, water sanitation

Sectors19 hygiene, transport, electricity, housing, trade & commerce, social protection, security
Vulnerable social groups, residential buildings, settlements, hospitals, schools, trade
Elements at risk20 center or market places, roads, bridges, water wells, police station,
farms/plantations, wetlands
Bomi, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Montserrado,
Focus Counties21 Rivercess, Sinoe
[Bomi, 24 VCs] Tubmanburg, Joseph Town, Hammer Hill, Gbarllasuah, Nyanlla, Gbah Jarkeh, Lingar,
Gohnzipo, Mecca, Manjamah, Jonborbah, Bomah, Gbaigbon, Malema Kpannah, Keiku, Nyamah, Votor,
Royesville, Tomah Town, Varmah, Boh, Fish Town, Bogbeh, Charlie Town
[Grand Bassa, 32 VCs] Atlantic Street, Barclayville (#1 compound), Barconline, Neetor,
Buchanan, Bassa community, Corn Farm, Compound # 2, Edina, Fairground, Fanti Town, Four Houses, God
Bless You, Gonniigar town, Gorzohn, Grand Kolka, Jarko Town, Korduah Community, Kpandy Town, Trade
Town, Peace community, Peace Town, Pearchuzohn, Dirt hole, Little Bassa, Little Kola,
Lewis street, New York Street, New Buchanan, Juah Town, Tinway Town, Vai Town, WATCO Camp
[Grand Cape Mount, 53 VCs]Tallah, Falie, Lapia, Torso, Robertsport, Mandina, Peh, Warkenkor,
Mecca, Lofa Bridge, Jenneh Brown, Fahn, Bandor, Fahn Town, Goe, Mambo, Weelor, Wayneh, Dambala,
Bambala, Bendaja, Manor River, Gbassslor, Ludijah, Grassfield, Fanti Town, Latia, Mandoe, Tosor, Bandu
Town, Jundu Town, Kpennejee, Gbah Foboi, Sawelor Town, Diah Town, Kobolia, Bo Waterside, Kru Beach,
Fanti Town, Tallah, Falie, Latia, Bandor, Mano River, Kru Town, Up Town, Sembehum, Latia Beach, Falie
Beach, Sowe Town, Tailor Beach, Young island, Fombah Beach
[Grand Kru, 20 VCs] Wakpeken, Setor, Topoh, Filorken, Fleneken and Juduken Village, Sasstown,
Picnicess, Nero, Pitay, Sobo, Dio, Botiah, Wessehpoh, Nifu, Betu, Grandcess, Wedabo, Po-River, Garraway
[Lofa, 45 VCs] Voinjama, Market Ground Community, Tebermai, Foyah-Kugbemai, Zinalomai,
Kpakarmai, Jallamai, Tenebu, Vezela, Bazagizia, Kpotomai, Selega, Manamai, Zawordamai, Kolahun Dist-
Vulnerable Yandihun, Kamatahun, Massabolahun, Lukasu, Poplahun, Kailahun-Lukasu, Vahu Dist-Kannleh, Garbon,
Kpngula,
Communities22 Zorzor Dist-Konia, Boi, Passama, Zealakp, Kilewu, Salayea Dist-Salayea City, Kpayea, Yarpuah, Gboynea,
Kpeteyea, Alayea, Tinsue, Sucrumu, Quadu Gboni Dist.-Samodu, Jamulor, Bakedu, Maiekonnedu,
Foya Dist.-Porluma, kormai
[Margibi, 26 VCs] Harbel, Marshall, Unification Town Zone #2, Mandingo Quarter, Dennisville, Benla,
Miss Moore, Matiyala, Buzzie Quarter, Gotomue Town, Peter’s Town, Charlesville, Duazon, RS Caul Field,
Koon Town, Joe Blow Town, Nyankapa Town, Dolos Town, Rock Crusher, Dweh Town, Zazay Town,
Zuawein, Goll Town, Whevlen, Peace Island, Marshall
[Montserrado, 50 VCs] Bushrod Island ( St. Paul Bridge Community, Whea Town, Crab Hole), New
Hope Peace Island, Steven Tolbert (Borbor Island), Jallah Town, Lakpazee, Doe Community, Jimaca Road,
Free Port, Clara Town, Old Road, Cardwell, Kabah, Diggsville, Omega, Bonnard Farm, Wen Town, Soul Clinic
(Garza,Sorto Guinea), Logan Town, Battery Factory (Plank Field), Sinker (12 St., 16 St, Weazay, NewMatadi),
Brewerville (Red Hill Field), Zayzay Community, Du-Port Road (Shara), Mt. Barclay ( Lofa community, old
field, new road community) Nezoe community, pipeline(Daniel Chea community), new Georgia(port
Harcourt), Don Bosco community, Cooper Farm, West Point (Power Plant, Kru Beach, Fanti Town), New Kru
(Popo Beach, Lagoon) Town, Sinkor (17 - 20 st.), Hotel Africa Com., Mabam Point (South Beach, ELWA
Community, King Gray, Congo Town (Sophie Community, Bernard Beach)
[Rivercess, 19 VCs] Cestos, Lonestar Community, Red Cross Community, ITI Township, Neezuien,
Bodowea, Yarpah Town, Timbo, James Town, Borkor Point, Fanti Town, Kru Town, Jackson Community,
Zinc Camp, Kaye Town, Manneh Beach, Timbo Beach, Jomo Town

18
Hazard-prone areas + exposure
19
Selected based on hazard sensitivity analysis
20
Selected based on hazard sensitivity analysis
21
The counties that have the most vulnerable communities
22
Exposed to flood and coastal erosion, total 127 communities.

39
 [Sinoe, 26 VCs] Greenville, Sanquine, Down Town, New Kru Town, Geekloh, Panama, Kwitatuzon,
Karquekpo, Pyne Town, Seethun NewTown, Teah Town, Seebeh, Peluwa, Seethun Juaryen, David Solo
Village, Nana Kru, Fish Town, Down Town, Fanti Town, New Kru Town, Poor River, Pumgbor, Manwah, Toni
Ta, King Williams Town, Settra Kru
Thematic Risk information and knowledge management, risk-informed development planning,
Resilience critical infrastructure protection, shock-responsive social protection, disaster and
Themes23 emergency manage, financing for disaster risk reduction

5.4 Priority Actions24

A number of strategic priorities for action and associated activities have been identified in terms
of the goals, objectives, and strategic focuses set in Sections 5.2 and 5.3, and based on the
National DRR Action Plan of 2018-2022. The Priorities of Action (PA) will serve as an overall guide
for both national stakeholders and international development partners to decide on their
investment, engagement, and contributions in terms of the availability of the financial, human
and technical resources, through long-term programmes and short-term projects.

The Actions and Activities of Priorities are organized into four categories in line with the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR).

Priority Area 1: Understanding disaster risks

Priority Area 1 (PA 1) aims to enhance climate/disaster risk information and knowledge
management for integrating disaster risk management into development planning at all levels
and across all sectors.

PA 1specific objectives include:

• To establish a system for coordinated disaster risk assessment and its dissemination,
usage and updating;
• To sustain disaster risk management related policy decisions through development of
comprehensive disaster risk profile of Liberia;
• To influence operational development and disaster risk planning and actions at the sub-
national level through location and hazard specific risk information;
• The overall emphasis of actions identified under this component till 2023 is towards
creating system for disaster risk assessment and dissemination and creation of national
risk profile along with location and hazard specific higher resolution risk information;
• The risk assessment will be conducted under the guidance of the proposed disaster risk
assessment committee and will make best use of geospatial and space-based technology,

23
Identified based on a systems approach and in terms of the country actual issues and concerns.
24The priority actions are to identify key actions to be implemented as the first priorities for reaching the goals and
objectives of the Strategy, given that the scares resources can be used in a more effective and efficient way to reach
the strategic goals.

40
 indigenous and local knowledge and existing databases related to disasters such as Liberia
disaster loss database. Dissemination and usage of disaster risk information will be
emphasized and special attention will be given to cater the special needs of people at
most risk including women, children, people with disabilities and aged.

Action 1.1 Fully-functioning National Risk Information System (NRIS) established to be

accessible to the public and for decision making
1.1.1 Establish National Data Infrastructure (NDI)to support hazard mapping and risk
hotspot identification
1.1.2 Conduct comprehensive hazard assessment and mapping for major hazards
1.1.3 Develop detailed hazard maps and risk hotspot profiles to refine DRR baselines
1.1.4 Develop a national database/dashboard to collect and manage disaster
information
1.1.5 Develop/adapt a user-friendly risk identification and assessment tool
1.1.6 Provide trainings to institutions and communities on risk assessment/identification
1.1.7 Establish risk and vulnerability assessment committees in local governments
1.1.8 Promote utilization of indigenous knowledge in disaster risk assessment
1.1.9 Conduct national and local level risk assessments
1.1.10 Develop and implement computerized information management system for risk
assessment
1.1.11 Improve communication and information exchange among stakeholders on risk
assessment
1.1.12 Improve integration and coordination of risk identification and assessment
processes and interventions

Action 1.2 Public awareness and information on disaster risk reduction improved
1.2.1 Disseminate and communicate risk information and get feedback during all phases
of a disaster management cycle
1.2.2 Strengthen and expand the role of media in disaster risk reduction (talk shows on
radio and television, social media, community-based radio stations and town criers)
1.2.3 Establish forums amongst relevant MACs, NGOs, and other national and local
disaster management stakeholders for experience-sharing in DRR
1.2.4 Strengthen the role of traditional and religious leaders, women, youth and other
vulnerable groups to participate in and be represented in public awareness and
information exchange
1.2.5 Develop and standardize Information, Education & Communication (IEC) materials
for Disaster Risk awareness

Action 1.3 Knowledge systems for DRR improved

1.3.1 Integrate DRR into the educational sector and provide trainings on how to
mainstream Disaster Risk Reduction into development planning

41
 1.3.2 Promote implementation of local risk assessment and disaster preparedness in
schools and institutions of higher learning taking cognizance of gender and cultural
sensitivities
1.3.3 Develop DRR training and learning programs targeted at specific sectors
(development planners, emergency managers, local government officials, women-led
CSOs and other vulnerable groups, etc.)
1.3.4 Conduct community-based training initiatives on disaster risk reduction, using
volunteers, where appropriate, with wide promotion of women’s participation
1.3.5 Promote engagement of media to stimulate a sustained culture of resilience and
strong community participation in education campaigns
1.3.6 Develop improved research methods for predictive multi-risk assessments and
socio-economic cost-benefit analysis and legal ramifications of risk reduction actions

Action 1.4 Integration of risk identification into policy and strategic plans development process,
and use of risk outcomes in development plans improved
1.4.1 Develop and periodically update and disseminate risk maps and related information
to all decision makers and communities at risk in an appropriate format
1.4.2 Develop systems of indicators of disaster risk and vulnerability, share with all
stakeholders and use to assess impact of disasters on social, culture, economic and
environmental conditions
1.4.3 Record, analyze, summarize and disseminate statistical information on disaster
occurrence, impacts and losses
1.4.4 Integrate disaster risk identification and mitigation measures into national
development policies, programs and strategies from a gender perspective
1.4.5 Analyze, monitor and report on long terms changes and emerging issues that might
increase risk and vulnerability or capacity to respond to disasters

Priority Area 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster

The overall objective of Priority Area 2 (PA 2) is to create/strengthen a systems approach to

disaster risk reduction and control, disaster preparedness, response and recovery that spans
multiple disciplines and includes all relevant stakeholders.

PA 2 calls for a long-term phased approach and in the short-term phase till 2023it has following
objectives:
• To put in place public policies, framework, guideline and other administrative tools aimed
at improving risk reduction, disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery;
• To strengthen coordination and delivery mechanism within government and between
government and other stakeholders at all levels through clearly defined roles and
responsibilities of key stakeholders;

42
 • To improve disaster preparedness, response, and recovery by drafting/revising and
practicing comprehensive disaster risk management plan at all levels in a phased manner;
and
• To improve disaster response system by creating special response teams and
strengthening fire services and improving allocation of resource for disaster risk
management.

Action 2.1 The 2012 National Disaster Risk Management Policy implemented
2.1.1 Implement and mainstream National Disaster Risk Management Policy integrated
into national developmental plans such as the Pro-poor Agenda and the Vision 2030
2.1.2 Conduct regular monitoring and evaluation in the context of sustainable
development
2.1.3 Create and implement nationwide information sharing and dissemination structure
and to include national early warning and response mechanism

Action 2.2 National Disaster Management Agency strengthened, as the central Disaster
Risk Management body
2.2.1 Develop and implement a human resource strategy for NDMA (to include
recruitment procedures, staff competence and expertise, provide training, structure,
reporting mechanisms, retention strategy, motivation and mainstreaming gender in
employment
2.2.2 Link NDMA to existing line ministries/agencies with trained human resources and
capacity on both national and local levels
2.2.3 Ensure appropriate budgetary allotment for NDMA
2.2.4 Increase financial resource allocation to NDMA for DRR implementation
2.2.5 Provide logistical and infrastructural support and information resources for NDMA

Action 2.3 National Disaster Risk Management System (district, county and national levels)
strengthened
2.3.1 Establish national platform for disaster risk reduction with the consensus on the
terms of reference (TOR) of all existing structures
2.3.2Establish National Emergency Operational Centers (NEOC) while supporting
decentralization of responsibilities and resources for DRR to all counties, districts,
chiefdoms, and other local communities
2.3.3 Develop and implement national strategy for resource mobilization

Action2.4 Coordination mechanisms for disaster risk reduction strengthened

2.4.1 Develop a coordination strategy for disaster risk reduction in Liberia in collaboration
with stakeholders
2.4.2 Organize coordination meetings to discuss work plans, achievements, experiences
and lessons learnt in DRR implementation
2.4.3 Produce and disseminate monthly/quarterly/yearly newsletters, dramas, jingles &
plays for visual learners & illiterate people

43
 2.4.4 Strengthen roles and responsibilities of national platform for Disaster Risk Reduction
2.4.5 Promote networking at all levels and put in place mechanism by which stakeholders
from different background are included

Action 2.5 Consultation and advocacy for political commitment, responsibility and
accountability strengthened
2.5.1 Organize disaster risk reduction awareness meetings for policy makers and other
key government officials/decision makers
2.5.2 Conduct training and study tours for policy makers and other key government
officials on disaster risk reduction
2.5.3 Advocate and consult for integration of DRR into development plans such as Pro-
Poor Agenda and align with sustainable development goals, and other national
documents like decentralization and gender policies, etc.
2.5.4 Allocate resources for the development and implementation of DRR policies,
programs, laws and regulations on DRR in all relevant sectors and authorities at all levels
of administration, and budgets on the basis of clearly prioritized actions
2.5.5 Develop strategies or Plans for partnership with private sector, and other key
stakeholders including development partners in policy and legislation development

Action 2.6 Monitoring and evaluation management systems developed and implemented/
operationalized
2.6.1 Develop and implement sectoral M & E systems for disaster risk reduction activities
2.6.2 Develop an M & E system for implementation of the National Action Plan for disaster
risk reduction at all levels
2.6.3 Implement the monitoring and evaluation feedback loop system as required
2.6.4 Document lessons learned and best practices gathered from feedback and data to
inform future interventions

Priority Area 3: Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for resilience

The overall objective of Priority Area 3 (PA 3) is to mainstream disaster risk reduction into
development agenda of Liberia, which includes national, sectorial and local development
planning and implementation. It includes development and investments by the private sector.

PA 3 specific objectives include:

• To integrate disaster and climate risk considerations into national and local development
planning;
• To mainstream disaster and climate risk considerations into health sector, private
investment guidelines and infrastructure sector;
• To undertake comprehensive risk reduction and preparedness measures in priority
sectors namely health, education and agriculture;

44
 • To support enforcement of building codes and implement location-specific risk reduction
programmed in coastal urban centers;

Action 3.1: Reduce and control the risks associated with flood, coastal erosion and wind
storms in the Monrovia area
3.1.1 Relocate population residing in flood-prone areas below the elevation of 2 m
above mean sea level (AMSL)
3.1.2 Enhance the drainage capacity of flood-prone areas in the inland of Liberia along
major road networks.
3.1.3 Protect mangroves and beaches against mining, coastal erosion and sea level rise
3.1.4 Build, upgrade and protect health and educational facilities that are safe from
natural hazards and resilient from epidemic disasters

Action 3.2 Reduce and control the risks associated with flood, coastal erosion and windstorms
in the focus counties
3.2.1 Relocate population residing in flood-prone areas below the elevation of 2 m
AMSL.
3.2.2 Enhance the drainage capacity of flood-prone areas in the inland of Liberia along
major road networks.
3.2.3 Protect mangroves and beaches against mining, coastal erosion and sea level rise
3.2.4 Build, upgrade and protect healthcare and educational facilities that are safe from
natural hazards and resilient from epidemic disasters

Action 3.3 Reduce and control the risks of agricultural production against flood, coastal
erosion and windstorms
3.3.1 Conduct agricultural development vulnerability and risk assessment
3.3.2 Protect, upgrade, and maintain agricultural irrigation infrastructure
3.3.3 Introduce climate-tolerant food crop varieties
3.3.4 Promote integrated agroforestry
3.3.5 Promote climate-resilient agricultural development for enhancing food security
3.3.6 Strengthen capacities in risk reduction and control in agricultural production

Action 3.4 Build, upgrade and protect health and educational facilities that are safe from
natural hazards and resilient also from epidemic disasters
4.4.1 Conduct facility vulnerability assessment for both health and education sectors
4.2.2 Relocate healthcare and educational facilities located in the hazard-prone areas
below the elevation of 2 m AMSL.
4.4.3 Promote climate and disaster resilient healthcare and educational facilities that
are safe from natural hazards and resilient from epidemic disasters, as well as climate
changes
4.4.4 Provide awareness on the effect of schistosomiasis and other health related
diseases

Action 3.5 Environmental and natural resource management practice improved

45
 3.5.1 Encourage the sustainable use and management of ecosystems through better land-
use planning, climate resilience agriculture, carbon financing and development activities
to reduce risk and vulnerabilities
3.5.2 Implement integrated environmental and natural resource management that
incorporates disaster risk reduction
3.5.3 Promote integration of risk reduction associated with existing climate variability and
future climate change into strategies for the reduction of disaster risk and adaptation to
climate change

Action 3.6 Socio-economic development at local and national levels strengthened

3.6.1 Improve food security and livelihood opportunities to ensure resilience of
communities to disasters
3.6.2 Integrate disaster risk reduction planning into the health sector, ensuring that all
new hospitals built are climate- and disaster-resilient
3.6.3 Properly build, retrofit and rebuilt critical public facilities and physical infrastructure,
particularly schools, clinics, hospitals, water and power plants, communications and
transport lifelines, and other structures
3.6.4 Advance implementation of social safety-net mechanisms to assist vulnerable
population including People Living with Aids (PLWA).
3.6.5 Incorporate disaster risk reduction measures into post-disaster recovery and
rehabilitation processes
3.6.6 Promote diversified income options for populations in high-risk areas including loan
provision for agriculture
3.6.7 Promote the development of financial risk-sharing mechanisms, particularly
Insurance and reinsurance against disasters
3.6.8 Promote the establishment of public-private partnerships
3.6.9 Develop and promote alternative and innovative financial instruments for
addressing disaster risk

Action 3.7 Land-use planning and other technical measures at local and national levels
improved
3.7.1 Incorporate disaster risk assessments into the urban and rural planning and
management of hazard-prone areas.
3.7.2 Mainstream disaster risk considerations into planning procedures for major
infrastructure projects
3.7.3 Review and revise existing and/or develop new building codes, standards, and
rehabilitation and reconstruction practices at the local or national levels

Action 3.8 Comprehensive One Health strategy for public health diseases and events integrated
into DRM policies and activities
3.8.1 Ensure the implementation of the One Health strategy for effective linkages among
all relevant MACs at all levels
3.8.2 Strengthen DRM component of the One Health strategy
3.8.3 Conduct comprehensive One Health risk assessment at all levels

46
 3.8.4 Assess impacts of disasters and respond to the needs of affected population in the
context of One Health (animal/human/environmental)

Priority Area 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build back
better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

The overall objective of Priority Area 4 (PA 4) is to manage residual risk effectively and efficiently
by creating systems including human resources, equipment, facilities and procedures for disaster
response, rehabilitation and reconstruction before disaster, with the following specific
objectives:
• To develop/update local, sectorial and national DRM master plans in line with the 2012
national DRM policy and the 2020-2030 national DRR strategy and action plan;
• To create inventory of disaster response resources and setup rapid response teams for
speedy disaster response;
• To improve capacity of stakeholders through strengthening of institutions, development
of training courses and research;
• To strengthen people-centered early warning systems at community and sub-national
levels;
• To undertake hazard-specific and theme-specific risk management measures targeted to
flood risk, and health sector; and
• To strengthen community level preparedness through engagement of CSOs, foundations
and volunteers in disaster preparedness efforts.

Action 4.1 People-centered early warning systems enhanced

4.1.1 Develop/strengthen people-centered early warning systems for all hazards at all
levels considering the demographic, gender, cultural and livelihood activities of the target
audience
4.1.2 Use science and technology to improve real-time early warning early action data for
response preparedness
4.1.3 Establish baseline information on various hazards (i.e., floods, fire, mudslide, etc.)
and Map hazard-prone areas
4.1.4 Establish and periodically review and maintain information systems as part of DRR
and early warning systems
4.1.5 Integrate early warning systems into government policy, decision making processes
and emergency management systems at all levels
4.1.6 Improve coordination and cooperation among all relevant sectors and actors in early
warning chain, in line with recommendations from the Third Conference on Early Warning
held in Germany

Action 4.2 Emergency preparedness and response systems improved

4.2.1 Develop, review and update guidelines, SOPs and tools for rapid assessments and
Epidemic Preparedness and Response (EPR)

47
 4.2.2 Map out all possible logistic hubs for response planning in Liberia
4.2.3 Establish national, county and district levels Emergency Response Teams
4.2.4 Conduct training on emergency preparedness and response
4.2.5 Prepare and periodically update disaster preparedness and contingency plans and
SOPs at all levels with particular focus on the most vulnerable areas and groups
4.2.6 Undertake regular disaster preparedness exercises/simulations including
evacuation drills, with focus on marginalized groups to ensure rapid and effective disaster
response
4.2.7 Establish local/traditional people-centered Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems
(MH-EWSs)
4.2.8 Establish and equip national and county emergency operating centers (EOCs)
4.2.9 Establish, build capacity and operationalize the National Disaster Management
Technical Committee (NDMTC)

Action 4.3 Disaster Risk Mitigation, Recovery and Resilience Measures Strengthened
4.3.1 Identifies and implement early recovery activities during early phase of
humanitarian operations
4.3.2 Implement recovery schemes including psycho-social support, cash transfer
programs to mitigate psychological impacts on vulnerable population and protection of
victims of violence including sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)
4.3.3 Integrate disaster risk reduction into emergency management and response
strategies at local and national levels
4.3.4 Mobilize resources for implementation of contingency plans, operating centers,
simulations, etc.

48
6.0 Implementation of the Strategy

6.1 Implementation Approaches

There are three approaches to implement the activities identified in Section 5.4, in terms of their
expected outputs and outcomes:
• Product-oriented approach: This approach is usually adopted to implement those
activities that are focused on producing tangible outputs such as policies, action plans,
guidelines, tools, etc. The implementation of activities usually takes up to three years in
duration.
• Process-over-product approach: A process-over-product approach is required in the case
of capacity development, and it usually takes from three to five years in order for the
stakeholders to master knowledge and skills they have learned.
• Process-based approach: A process-based approach is highly required in the case of
awareness raising and institutional strengthening, and it may take 5 to 10 years to
implement the activities.

The aforementioned approaches are used in developing the road map for investment plan.

6.2 Road Map for Investment Plan

The implementation of the national DRR and Resilience strategy of Liberia (2020-2030) will follow
a phased approach, in line with the national development planning horizon (PAPD). With a long-
term vision and considering deep-rooted underlying drivers of disaster risks, it has set overall
targets for 2030. It aims to provide a base for mobilizing and leveraging, primarily, national and
external resources and for result-oriented outcomes and their monitoring.

Phase I (2020-2023) aims to generate disaster risk information and strengthen systems to create
an enabling environment for implementing risk reduction solutions. It will also include setting up
system and drafting policies and procedures related to disaster risk management, enhancing
capacities of institutions, undertaking pilot projects, and ensuring continuity of the actions from
the last action plan. The priorities identified under the short-term phase have been grouped
under four themes: Risk Assessment, Risk Governance, Mainstreaming DRM into Development,
and Preparedness for Response and Recovery.

Phase II (2023-2027) will primarily focus on application of risk information for risk reduction and
it will also build on the pilot interventions of the short-term phase. It will primarily include
disaster and climate risk information in development planning and implementation and large-
scale DRR targeted investments.

Phase III (2027-2030): Due to their complexity, some risk reduction interventions require longer
term to implement based on the development trajectory including underlying risk drivers will
further institutionalize actions and undertake additional measures towards enhancing resilience.

49
The priority actions Phase I, primarily towards creating and strengthening systems, creating risk
profile and implementing pilot projects on disaster risk reduction, should achieve the following:
• A number of steering committees, thematic coordination mechanisms, and technical
working groups should be strengthened or established, and fully functional;
• Thematic coordination mechanism for disaster risk assessment is established and
operational under the leadership of government;
• Regulatory frameworks (planning guideline, implementation and monitoring) to include
DRM into development (local and national development planning) prepared and
implemented;
• District, sectorial, national disaster risk management plans prepared and implemented;
• Significant improvement in people-centered early warning systems (monitoring, forecast,
dissemination, evacuation, etc.);
• System to track DRR investments by government and development partners created and
strengthened; and
• System/database for recording disaster damage and loss data is fully operational and
annual report on disaster impact and trend prepared and shared.

The road map for investment plan is summarized in Annex 14. All the activities identified in the
Strategy are prioritized (i.e. high priority – RED; medium priority – ORANGE; low priority – LIGHT
BLUE) in terms of their importance and relevance, as well as highlighted the timeframe of
implementation (i.e. short-term – 0-3 years; medium term – 3-5 years; long-term – 5-10 years).

However, the indicative inputs and budgets for each activity need to be further determined in
terms of their modality of implementation.

6.3 Institutional Arrangement

Considering that disaster risk reduction requires a multi-disciplinary approach, the mission of a
comprehensive DRM system and meaningful relationships are necessary with national and
international agencies. The NDMA will play a coordinating role of the inputs of the different
stakeholders before, during and after emergencies/disasters. Line ministries and other
stakeholders including development partners will collaborate with NDMA in respect to the
implementation of their work plans, programmes and activities.

The NDMA will encourage the establishment of networks and thematic groups at different levels
with participation of all stakeholders to enhance the implementation (Table 8). In particular an
active engagement strategy for women, youth, the people living with HIV/AIDS, persons living
with disabilities, and other vulnerable groups, and the associated benefits from DRR, will be

50
developed by NDMA. Gender equality and youth participation in DRR should be one of the major
priorities by all stakeholders implementing the Strategy.

Government institutions (MACs): MACs will lead implementation of the Strategy in accordance
with their sectorial mandates. They are expected to incorporate disaster risk reduction activities
in their sectorial strategies, frameworks or work plans as well as fully budgeted for these
activities. MACs will implement these DRR activities as part of their normal development
interventions, except during an emergency or disaster.

During the development of government institutional strategies, frameworks and work plans,
reference will be made to the Strategy in order to ensure full incorporation of some or all relevant
activities as deemed necessary from the Strategy. MACs will provide information/reports as
necessary on their DRR activities for compilation and synthesis by the NDMA.

MACs will also liaise with their partners in the NGO, donor and/or UN community to ensure
synergy and close coordination of DRR activity implementation.

United Nations agencies and other development partners: UN agencies and Development
Partners shall continue to play a pivotal role to support government efforts in the area of
strengthening capacities for disaster risk reduction and supplementing efforts in mobilizing
resources for the Strategy implementation. The collaborative relationship will be carried out
comprehensively at various levels including chiefdom, district, county and national.

UN agencies shall also assist the Government of Liberia to design and carry out development
programmes in its efforts to achieve sustainable human development goals. This will be achieved
through UN agencies’ programs and activities in the area of disaster risk reduction stemming
from overlapping concerns with other development priorities, which are poverty reduction,
sustainable development, women's empowerment, natural resource management and good
governance.

6.4 National Capacity and Resources

6.4.1 Information and Knowledge Services

There is a variety of knowledge and experience with Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and
Disaster Risk Reduction/Management (DRR/M) within Liberia, although it is still limited in
response to the actual needs and requirements for hazard and risk information. There is an
urgent need to further systematization to increase knowledge and experience, building on the
outputs of the present project “Conduct Disaster Risk Assessment and Develop National DRR
Strategy of Liberia”. In addition, it is highly necessary to widely share the outputs of the project
with development sectors in order for the said outputs to be effectively incorporated into
development decisions in either the public or private sector.

51
The NDMA, in collaboration with MACs and international development partners, will coordinate
the setting up of a robust information management system to ensure all DRR activities are well
coordinated, monitored and evaluated. This will also ensure a one stop information hub for all
DRR activities.

6.4.2 Resource Mobilization

The prioritized actions range from stand-alone disaster preparedness intervention such as
emergency shelter construction to risk reduction measures embedded into developmental
activities as well as additional specification into road design and construction to control disaster
and climate risk. Hence, baskets of funding sources are needed. The following are some of the
instruments for resource mobilization:
• Annual development budget: In consultation with relevant development sectors, some of
the activities of the Strategy can be considered in the annual planning. The implementation
can be undertaken in phases over more than one financial year.
• Local jurisdiction budget: Liberia is moving towards decentralized development planning
and implementation and provision of district/county budget has been created. The
vulnerable region and state can identify priorities, it can be supported through the
district/county budget.
• Public-Private Partnership (PPP): Private sector can also contribute significant financial
resources to implement the Strategy. NDMA should actively engage the private sector
through a PPP approach.
• Disaster risk management Trust Fund (Funding Pool): Disaster risk management as a cross
cutting issue is a priority for most of international development partners. Hence, a number
of international and regional agencies fund small to large-scale risk reduction activities. It
is important to pool resources to fund integrated risk reduction interventions especially
community level interventions.

52
Table 8. Proposed coordination mechanisms for Disaster Risk Reduction in Liberia

Coordination Leading
Member Institutions Key Responsibilities
mechanisms agencies
• Support disaster risk management coordination at all levels;
• Ensure the establishment and functioning of coordination meetings at the national
and sub-national level;
• Cooperate and coordinate the operation of regional, international, donor and
specialized organizations on Disaster Risk Reduction;
• Ensure coordination and operation of working groups by considering the knowledge,
MACs (i.e. MIA, MOH, NPHIL, experience and views of stakeholders on Disaster Risk Reduction;
EPA, MME, MOD, MOA, FDA, LLA, • Study and replicate the best practices on the process of disaster risk management;
General MFDP; MOJ, LISGIS, LiMA, MCC, etc.); • coordinate the cooperation between the ministries and agencies of the country on
Coordination NDMA IDPs(i.e. UNDP, USAID, SIDA, these issues within the commitments of Liberia based on relevant agreements and
USDA, JICA etc.); NGOs; CSOs; treaties;
private sector. • Coordinate, analyze and arrange consultations on disaster risk reduction priorities
requiring national-level coordination;
• Develop proposals and recommendations on establishment and coordination of
activities on disaster risk reduction and man-made accidents, as well as human and
socio-economic losses;
• Ensure monitoring of implementation of programs, projects, recommendations and
other documents and address the issues related to disaster risk reduction.
MOT (Meteorology), MPW,
Risk WASH, MOE, EPA, NPHIL, MICAT, • Ensure the establishment of DRR related data base, data collection, compilation and
LISGIS, FDA, MFDP, MME, management mechanism;
information NDMA;
AFL/LCG, NaFAA, MOA, • Ensure information and knowledge sharing, awareness raising, training of trainers,
and EPA,
Universities, MOH, NCHE, NPHIL, workshop publicities, publications, etc
knowledge LISGIS
MME, MICAT; IDPs • Develop and coordinate programs and unified methodologies on natural disaster risk
management (UNDP/GEF/GCF, USAID, SIDA, assessment.
USDA, etc.)
EPA, LISGIS, MIA, MOT, NFS,
• Ensure disaster risk issues are mainstreamed in national and sector plans;
MPW, LLA, LTA, MOT, MOE,
Risk-informed • Coordinate and facilitate the development and implementation of national policy,
MFDP; MOH, NPHIL, MOA, MME,
development strategy, and action plan for risk-informed planning and zoning.
NDMA MGCSP, NIC, NBC, etc.); IDPs (i.e.
planning • Support to mainstream the national DRR and resilience strategy of Liberia (2020-
UNDP, USAID, SIDA, USDA, etc.);
2030) into sectoral development strategies and plans.
CSOs (i.e. RED Cross); NGOs
Critical MPW; MPW, MOT, GSA, MFDP, MME, • Coordinate and facilitate the establishment of effective working mechanism for

53
Infrastructure NDMA EPA, MOA, MOD, WASH, MOH, Critical Infrastructure Protection;
Protection EPA, LNP, LNFS, LTA, LEC, LWSC, • Coordinate and facilitate the development and implementation of national policy,
MOS, AFL LERC, MOE, MOH, strategy, and action plan for Critical Infrastructure Protection;
RREA, MOJ, NFS; IDPs (EU, USAID, • Support to mainstream policy and strategy for Critical Infrastructure Protection into
WB, JICA, AfDB, etc.) sectoral development plans;
• Ensure climate- and disaster-resilient zoning codes, design, and construction of critical
infrastructure.
MFDP, MPW, NPHIL, LNFS,
LNP,MOD, LRRRRC, LNRCS, MOE, • Coordinate and facilitate the establishment of effective shock responsive working
Shock- MOH, LIS, MOJ, INRHC, mechanism for affected population especially the most vulnerable
responsive MGCSP; AFELL,WASH, MOA; IDPs • Coordinate and facilitate the development and implementation of national policy,
Social NDMA (UNICEF, Save the Children, strategy, and action plan for shock-responsive social protection;
Protection UNWOMEN, ECOWAS, UNDP, • Support to mainstream the shock-responsive social protection policy and strategy
IRC, etc.);RED CROSS; religious into sectoral development plans.
Community
LNFS, LNP, LNRCS, MFDP, NFS,
NPHIL, MOH, MOJ, MOD, MICAT,
Disaster/Emer
NDMA; MARITIME, AFL, MOA, ICAA,
gency • Ensure or coordinate the management of disaster emergency interventions;
LRRRC LiMA, EPA, MIA, Red Cross, NFS,
Management NRC, LIS; IDPs (IRC, UNDP, WFP,
WHO, etc.)
• Coordinate and facilitate the development, implementation, and updating of national
EPA, LRA, UN Agencies, ODFDRR, strategy for resources mobilization and portfolio management for DRR;
Financing for
MFDP; World Bank, ECOWAS, MFDP, • Coordinate and facilitate the development of funding policies development and
Disaster Risk
NDMA IDPs (WB, AfDB, EU, USAID, SIDA, implementations;
Reduction etc.), MOCI, CBL, private sectors • Support to mobilize resources for implementing the national DRR and resilience of
Liberia (2020-2030).

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6.4.3 Communication Strategy

It is important to have strong communication plan for success of the Strategy as its
implementation relies heavily on all stakeholders including MACs, CSOs, NGOs, international
development partners and donors, private sector and community. The engagement of these
stakeholders over a long-time will be possible through regular communication regarding needs,
achievements and most importantly impact of the Strategy implementation.

The communication requires multi-phased approach and in early phase, the priority needs and
intended outcome of the Strategy need to be widely shared with policy makers and senior
officials of the key stakeholders; in particular, MACs. It needs to be followed by sharing progress
on implementation of priority actions and success stories from the ground. The impact of the
Strategy including findings of the proposed mid-term outcome evaluation need to be shared
subsequently to ensure continued interest of stakeholders in the Strategy implementation till
2023 for realizing the full potential. The existing MAT can play a key role in developing the
communication strategy.

Some of the tools and networks proposed for communicating the Strategy include: Flyers on the
Strategy, a section of the Strategy on the website of the NDMA, which can provide glimpse of
progress as well as success stories, annual report on progress, development of case studies, video
clips on impact and outcome, use of social media, etc. Periodic briefing to media, especially
impact stories will also help in creating awareness as well as interest.

It is also proposed to widely share the Strategy, its implementation and impact at global and
regional forums such as the Global Platform on DRR, ECOWAS, etc.

It is important to mainstream DRR communication to the media. Encourage citizen participation

at all level of the DRR communication strategy.

6.5 Opportunities and Entries

The DRR-related actions and activities identified in Section 5.4 should be implemented through
development strategies, plans, programs and projects. Annex 15lists possible opportunities and
entry points for implementing the Strategy.

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Chapter 7.0 Monitoring and Evaluation
The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the Strategy implementation is:
• To track progress of individual priority action and implementation of activities for achieving
the stated goals and objectives of the Strategy;
• To track overall implementation of the Strategy’s actions, identify gaps, areas for
improvement, coordination issues, successful case studies, recommendations and follow
up action etc. to measure overall outcome and output of the Strategy. It will also be a
source of information that provides regular feedback to NDMA on implementation
progress and will provide inputs for communication to other stakeholders; and
• To measure outcome, output and impact of DRR interventions as specified in the Strategy,
funding requirement and expenditure, policy support, etc. It will also help in global and
regional reporting on disaster risk management by Liberia.

7.1 Indicators for Measuring the Strategic Goals

The implementation of the Strategy must be monitored, analyzed, documented, and reported.
The indicators for measuring the goals and objectives under the Strategy 2020-2030 are proposed
in Annex 16.

7.2 Institutional arrangement for M&E

The NDMA will lead the development of an integrated Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system
for the Strategy implementation on a five-year basis with clear performance and impact
indicators. MACs, NGOs and UN agencies are expected to integrate DRR into their annual work
plans so that it becomes part of their development activities.

The NDMA will compile national semi-annual and annual progress reports on DRR achievements
in consultation with key stakeholders. These national reports will be compiled based on reports
provided to NDMA by MACs, different sectors, counties and districts.

The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR) and National Climate Change Steering
Committee (NCCSC) should meet at least quarterly to discuss plans and progress in achieving
objectives of the Strategy using key performance areas as benchmarks and guidance.

7.3 Alignment with the Global Agendas

The alignment with the global agendas can serve multiple purposes:
1) Reporting on the progress of and contributions to the three global agendas, namely,
the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Paris Climate Agreement
(PCA), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);

56
 2) Mobilizing resources from the funding mechanisms established under these global
agendas; and
3) Keeping up to date with global best practices.

Annex 17 presents alignment of the actions and associated activities identified in Section 5.4 with
their goals and objectives of the Strategy 2020-2030, the Pro-poor Agenda for Prosperity and
Development (PAPD), the Sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), and the Paris Climate Agreement (PCA).

7.4 Challenges for Implementing the Strategy

There are a number of challenges in developing and implementing the 2020-2030 National DRR
Strategy of Liberia;
1) Limited understanding of disaster management and risk management both conceptually
and operationally. While disaster or emergency management is the core function of
National Disaster Management Agency, risk management or Disaster Risk Reduction
remains a cross-cutting issue like WASH, Gender, CCA, etc., that requires all the society’s
active contribution in their everyday life. There are some perceptions that risk
management is the sole province of the National Disaster Management Agency
responsible for disaster/emergency management has hindered the incorporation of risk
management measures into the work programs and agendas of those responsible for
most of the assets at risk, namely the sectoral agencies, trade associations and private
companies.
2) Public knowledge of risk management measures is currently limited, due to factors such
as complacency, ignorance of risk and the perceived cost of those measures. There is also
a clear need to stimulate public understanding of disaster risk management, through
visible and persistent advocacies, design and enforcement of regulations combined with
incentives for adoption of appropriate practices.
3) With some exceptions, successful examples or pilot activities are often not well known
outside of the community or county in which they were carried out. Too often,
documentation of those successful examples is either unavailable or inaccessible,
because of overly technical language or inadequate distribution. User-friendly
documentation of successful approaches, including distillations for use by decision
makers, is essential for the sharing of successes. Mere provision of hazard information,
however, is not sufficient to effect change in disaster risk management practices in
Liberia.
4) Until recently, there has been no overarching strategic framework to enable broad
collaboration on disaster risk management across the country. Duplication of efforts has
resulted from limited coordination among MACs, regional and international agencies and
organizations and donor and multi-lateral lending institutions. Limited standards and
common methodologies for hazard, vulnerability and environmental impact assessments,
however, limits the potential for development and sharing of national and regional
expertise in these arenas.
5) Coordination of risk information and promotion of risk management measures among

57
 MACs, businesses and industrial institutions are limited. Although large businesses
understand the need for this information and include hazard considerations at some level
of their investment decisions, several multi-national businesses have suffered significant
losses from recent natural events. Small businesses often have neither the understanding
of hazards nor the capability to incorporate this information into their business plans. A
formal Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is needed to ensure that information is shared
and that business investments include appropriate risk reduction measures.
6) Finally, many significant risk management measures and controls are already in place, for
development control, building standards and environmental protection. Limited political
will by governments, private sector entities, donor agencies, and most lending institutions
to insist on adherence to those standards, however, render these important measures
largely ineffective.
7) Limited sectorial funding for Disaster Risk Reduction.
8) Limited inter-agency coordination and interest by lead agencies.

End of the Strategy Document

58
Annexes
Annex 1. Key representatives of MACs
1) Aaron D. Kollie, National Youth Program Coordinator, LSA
2) Abraham Dioh, Technical Director, Ecogreen
3) Adolphus H. Collins, Focal Point, MOE
4) Albert Sherman, Asst. Director Meteorology, MOT
5) Allen S. Charleson, A.A/DMO, MOD
6) Alloycious David, Asst. Media Officer, EPA
7) Aloysious Momo, Data Officer, MOA
8) Amara Karneh, M&E Consultant, NAP Project UNDP
9) Amb. Bobby Whitfield, CEO, WASH Commission
10) Amos Ballayan, Program Manager, WFP
11) Andrew A. Tellowayan, Statistician, LISGIS
12) Anna T. Sherman, Focal Point, MOL
13) Anthony D. Kpadeh, Director-Hydrology, MME
14) Anthony D. Lander, Director, MOD
15) Augustine Browne, Chief of Research, LNP
16) Augustine M. Kollie, Coordinator, Response, Recovery & Logistic, NDMA
17) Bannel S. Dennis, Sr. Staff, LISGIS
18) Benjamin Karmorh, Manager, EPA
19) Berexford Jallah, UNCCD Focal Point, EPA
20) Catfish Brownell, Environmental Expert, PETRA Resources
21) Charlene J. Freeman, Lecturer, Cuttington University
22) Charles Cyrus-Civil Society
23) Christopher O. Johnson, Head of Progammes, Liberia National Red Cross Society
24) Danise Love Dennis, Media Specialist, EPA
25) Daoda S. Carlon, Remediation Analyst, EPA
26) Darlington Tugbeh, Executive Director, GGC
27) Dominic T. Johns, YFC, REDD+ Convene FDA
28) E. Abraham T. Tumbey, Project Manager-NAP, UNDP
29) Eddie C. Dilah-Civil Society
30) Eugene Caine, WASH Technician, WASH Commission
31) Evangeline Swope Nyantee, Protected Area Manager, FDA
32) Fatu S. Rogers, WASH Technician, WASH Commission
33) Francess B. Doe, EFP, MME
34) Francis Mwah, NAP Focal Point, MOA
35) Gemeh Roberts, Risk Analyst, NDMA
36) Georgetina T. Tugbeh, Nurse/Concelor, MYS
37) Hawa Jabateh, Youth
38) Hon. Augustine F. Tamba, Deputy Executive Director, NDMA
39) Hon. Henry O. Williams, Executive Director, NDMA
40) J. Marcus Flomo, KwikFinaz
41) James Mcclain, Environmental Expert, Ul

59
42) James Z. Barzon, Statistician, LISGIS
43) Jeremiah Sokan, Coordinator, NCCS
44) Jocelia Tarplah, Director-Zoning, MPW
45) Joe-Hoover Gbadyu, Economic Growth Officer, USAID
46) Joel Gamys, Coordinator, WRI
47) John F. Kannah, Executive Director, Help Liberia
48) John G. Coleman, Focal Point, MOD
49) John Kannah, Climate Change Staff, EPA
50) John Korfeh Thomas, Data Officer, LWSC
51) Johnson Willabo, Assistant Minister for Planning, MME
52) Jonathan Wordsworth, Risks & Early Warning Coordinator, NDMA
53) Konikay Nimely, Focal Point, FDA
54) Kumeh Assaf, National Coordinator, DIWA
55) Lt Col Y. Tarold W. Gabriel, Asst. Chief of Staff for Log, ARM Forces of Liberia
56) Marcus V. Dangbuah, Chief of Planning, LNFS
57) Marie Froma, Youth
58) Matthew Dweh, Data Manager, NPHIL
59) Michael Garbo, Executive Director, SCNL
60) Mulbah Sayka, Sectoral Planning, MFDP
61) Musa Tulay, Focal Point, MOJ
62) Nyenetue R. Bloh, DRR Analyst, UNDP
63) Othreniel A. Forte, PYP, EPA
64) Pandora K. Powell, S/A, Girl Guard
65) Patience Awhvbera, Environmetalist, LEC
66) Patricia Togba, Focal Point, MOGCSP
67) Patrick Scere, Environmetalist, UCEL
68) Randall Dobayou, Deputy Executive Director, EPA
69) Robert M. Sammie, Planning Coordinator, NDMA
70) Roland Lepol, Policy Expert, REDD+ FDA
71) S. Ahmed Sherif, Associate Director, NaFAA
72) Salia Kamara, Executive Director, WASH Commission
73) Salimatu Lamin, E&E Coordinator, EPA
74) Sampson Chea, Chairman SC, Ul
75) Samukai V. Dukuly, Assistant Editor, Power TV
76) Sarah Paye, Program Officer, CSO/WEI
77) Saye-Maye Cole, Director, MFDP
78) Saywhar Gbaa, Information Officer, LF/ECOWAS
79) Solomon Daryoue, Director, NFAA
80) Stephen B. Lavalah Associate Director, LiMA
81) Tarlo Kekula, Gender Coordinator, NDMA
82) Teddy Taylor, Executive Director, YCCI
83) Tenesee Wilson, Coastal Engineer, MME
84) Vinton Johnson, Focal Point, NPHIL
85) Windell M. Weah, Director, National Scout Association

60
86) Yenneh P. Galimah, Civil Society
87) Z. Elijah Whapoe, Planning, EPA

61
Annex 2. Key Glossary (Source: UNISDR25)

CLIMATIC CHANGE - Change observed in the climate on a global, regional or sub-regional scale caused by natural
processes and/or human activity.

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE- The physical structures, facilities, networks and other assets which provide services
that are essential to the social and economic functioning of a community or society.

DISASTER - A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society, causing widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community/society to cope using only its
own resources. Disasters are often classified according to their cause (natural or manmade).

DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENT - A qualitative or quantitative approach to determine the nature and extent of disaster
risk by analyzing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of exposure and vulnerability that together
could harm people, property, services, livelihoods and the environment on which they depend. Disaster risk
assessments include: the identification of hazards; a review of the technical characteristics of hazards such as their
location, intensity, frequency and probability; the analysis of exposure and vulnerability, including the physical,
social, health, environmental and economic dimensions; and the evaluation of the effectiveness of prevailing and
alternative coping capacities with respect to likely risk scenarios.

DISASTER RISK GOVERNANCE- The system of institutions, mechanisms, policy and legal frameworks and other
arrangements to guide, coordinate and oversee disaster risk reduction and related areas of policy. Good governance
needs to be transparent, inclusive, collective and efficient to reduce existing disaster risks and avoid creating new
ones.

DISASTER RISK INFORMATION - Comprehensive information on all dimensions of disaster risk, including hazards,
exposure, vulnerability and capacity, related to persons, communities, organizations and countries and their
assets. Disaster risk information includes all studies, information and mapping required to understand the disaster
risk drivers and underlying risk factors.

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT- The systematic management of administrative decisions, organization, operational
skills and responsibilities to apply policies, strategies and practices for hazard risk reduction.

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION– The development and application of policies, procedures and capacities by the society
and communities to lessen the negative impacts of possible natural hazards and related environmental and
technological disasters. This includes structural and non-structural measures to avoid or to limit adverse impact of
hazards, as well as the development of coping capabilities.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT- The organization, planning and application of measures preparing for, responding to and
recovering from disasters. Disaster management may not completely avert or eliminate the threats; it focuses on
creating and implementing preparedness and other plans to decrease the impact of disasters and “build back
better”. Failure to create and apply a plan could lead to damage to life, assets and lost revenue.

EMERGENCY- Sometimes used interchangeably with the term Disaster in the context of biological and technological
hazards or health emergencies, can also relate to hazardous events that do not result in the serious disruption of
the functioning of a community or society.

EXPOSURE - The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets
located in hazard-prone areas. Measures of exposure can include the number of people or types of assets in an area.

25
https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology

62
These can be combined with the specific vulnerability and capacity of the exposed elements to any particular hazard
to estimate the quantitative risks associated with that hazard in the area of interest.

HAZARD – A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon and or human activity, which may cause the loss of
life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.

HAZARD ANALYSIS/ASSESSMENT- Identification, study and monitoring of any hazard to determine its potential,
origin, characteristics and behavior.

HAZARD MITIGATION – Structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural
hazards, environmental degradation and technological hazards. In climate change terminology, hazard mitigation is
synonymous with adaptation to some degree. Climate change adaptation is an adjustment in natural or human
systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits
beneficial opportunities.

NATURAL HAZARD – Natural processes or phenomena occurring in the biosphere that may constitute a damaging
event.

RESILIENCE - The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate,
adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the
preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions through risk management.

RISK – The probability of harmful consequences, or expected loss (of lives, people injured, property, livelihoods,
economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or human
induced hazards and vulnerable/capable conditions. Conventionally, risk is expressed by the conceptual equation:
Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability.

RISK HOTSPOT– is an area that has greater exposure and/or vulnerability to the negative effects of natural hazards.
It can be identified from various perspectives, i.e. sector, elements at risk, and special concerns.

STAKEHOLDERS - Person or entity holding grants, concessions, or any other type of value that would be affected by
a particular action or policy.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts: the concept of “needs”, in
particular the essential needs of the world’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of
limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present
and the future needs.

TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS (MAN-MADE HAZARDS) – Danger originating from technological or industrial accidents,
dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or certain human activities, which may cause the loss of life or injury,
property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.

VULNERABILITY – A set of conditions and processes resulting from physical, social, economic, and environmental
factors, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.

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Annex 3. DRR-related targets and indicators of three global agendas

Three are three global agendas (or policies) to support Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR): Sendia Framework for Disaster
Risk Reduction, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and the Paris Climate Agreement (PCA). The following are a
brief summary of the goals, targets, and indicators of these agenda, which national, local, and sectorial DRR and
Resilience strategies and action plans should be based on.

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR)

1) Scope and Purpose

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) applies to the risk of small-scale and large-scale,
frequent and infrequent sudden and slow-onset disasters caused by natural or man-made hazards, as well as
related environmental, technological and biological hazards and risks. It aims to guide the multi-hazard
management of disaster risks in development at all levels, as well as within and across all sectors.

2) Expected Outcomes
The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic physical,
social, cultural, and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities, and countries.

3) Goals
Prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic,
structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political, and institutional
measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for
response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience.

4) Targets
Target A: Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower the average per 100,000 global
mortality rates in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015.
Target B: Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the average
global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015.
Target C: Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030.
Target D: Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, among
them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by 2030.
Target E: Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies
by 2020.
Target F: Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and
sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of the present Framework by
2030.
Target G: Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster
risk information and assessments to people by 2030.

5) Priorities for Action

There is a need for focused action within and across sectors by States at local, regional, and global levels in the
following four priority areas:
Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk
Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
Priority 4: Enhance disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build back better” in recovery,
rehabilitation and reconstruction

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SDG Goals and Targets related to DRR

Disaster risk reduction cuts across different aspects and sectors of development. There are 25 targets related to
disaster risk reduction in 10 of the 17 sustainable development goals, firmly establishing the role of disaster risk
reduction as a core development strategy.

Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Target 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their
exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental
shocks and disasters

Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Target 2.4: By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices
that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for
adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively
improve land and soil quality

Goal3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Target 3.d: Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk
reduction and management of national and global health risks.

Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Target 4.7: By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable
development including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable
lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and nonviolence, global citizenship
and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture's contribution to sustainable development.
Target 4.a: Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide
safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all.

Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Target 6.6: By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands,
rivers, aquifers and lakes.

Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster
innovation
Target 9.1: Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-
border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable
and equitable access for all.
Target 9.a: Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through
enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries,
landlocked developing countries and small island development states.

Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Target 11.1: By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable and basic services and upgrade
slums.
Target11.3: By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated
and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries.
Target 11.4: Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage.
Target 11.5:by 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and
substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters,
including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations.
Target 11.b: By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and
implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation

65
 to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels.
Target 11.c: Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building
sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials.

Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all
countries.
Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning.
Target 13.3: Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change
mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning.
Target 13.a: Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all
sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and
transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as
soon as possible.
Target 13.b: Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and
management in least developed countries, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized
communities.

Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Target 14.2: by 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant
adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and act for their restoration in order to achieve
healthy and productive oceans.

Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Target 15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland
freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and dry lands, in line with
obligations under international agreements.
Target 15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt
deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally.
Target 15.3: By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by
desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world
Target 15.4: By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order
to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for 19 sustainable development.
Target 15.9: By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning,
development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts.

Paris Climate Agreement (PCA) Articles related to DRR and resilience

Article2: Foster climate resilience in a manner that does not threaten food production.

Article7: Parties establish global goal of exchange adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing
vulnerability to climate change, with a view to contributing to sustainable development.

Article8: Enhancing understanding, action and support on: Early warning systems, emergency preparedness,
slow-onset events, events that may involve irreversible and permanent loss and damage, comprehensive risk
assessment & management, risk insurance facilities, climate risk pooling and insurance solutions, non-
economic losses, and resilience of communities, livelihoods, and ecosystems.

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Annex 4. Linkages of DRR targets and indicators between SDGs and SFDRR
SDG Goal DRR-related Target SFDRR Target SFDRR Indicators SFDRR Priorities of Action (PA)
Target A A1, A2, A3
Goal 1 Target 1.5 Target B B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 PA2, PA3, PA4
Target C C1
Goal 2 Target 2.4 Target C C2 PA2, PA3, PA4
Goal 3 Target 3.d PA1, PA2, PA3, PA4
Target 4.7
Goal 4 PA1, PA2, PA3
Target 4.a Target D D3, D6
Goal 6 Target 6.6 PA2, PA3, PA4
Target D D3, D6
Target 9.1
Goal 9 Target E PA1, PA2, PA3, PA4
Target 9.a
Target 11.1
Target 11.3
Target 11.4
Target A A1, A2, A3
Goal 11 PA1, PA2, PA3, PA4
Target 11.5 Target B B1, B2, B3, B4, B5
Target C C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6
Target 11.b Target E E1, E2
Target 11.c
Target A A1, A2, A3
Target 13.1
Target E E1, E2
Target 13.2 Target E E1, E2
Goal 13 PA1, PA2, PA3, PA4
Target 13.3 Target G G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6
Target 13.a
Target 13.b
Target A A1, A2, A3
Goal 14 Target 14.2 Target B B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 PA1, P2, P3
Target C C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6
Target 15.1
Target 15.2
Target C C2
Goal 15 Target 15.3 PA1, PA2, PA3, PA4
Target G G1, G2
Target 15.4
Target 15.9

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Annex 5. Existing legal acts and policies for development
Sector Law and Acts Policies & Strategies
• National Poverty Reduction Strategy (2007)
• PFM Act 2009,2014 Act of the Liberia Legislature establishing the • Liberia Monitoring, Control and Surveillance Strategy and Development Plan
National Ministry of Finance and Development Planning. • Agenda for Transformation (2012-2017)
Development • Public Financial Management Act 2009 • Liberia Rising Vision 2030
• Liberia Management Act 2019 • Pro-poor Agenda for Prosperity and Development (2018-2023)
• National Gender-responsive Budgeting Policy
• Agricultural Policy and Food Security in Liberia (2005)
• Comprehensive Assessment of the Agriculture Sector in Liberia: Volume 4,
Crosscutting Issues (2007)
• National Pesticide Policy
• Act of the Liberia Legislature on Agriculture, on May 11, 1972. The 1972 • Food and Agriculture Policy and Strategy (2008)
Agriculture Act repealed the 1964 law. • National Policy for Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services (2012)
• mainstreaming gender in agriculture, national food security strategy 2015,
• Agricultural Advisory Service Policy (2016)
• Sector Scan: The Agriculture Sector in Liberia (2017)
• Agricultural Policy in Liberia: A vision for the future
• Natural Resources Law of 1956
• The Bureau of National Fisheries (BNF) was created by Legislation in
1957 within the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) to regulate fishing
activities in the Liberian waters.
• Fisheries & Agriculture Policy (2014)
Fisheries • Fisheries Regulations of 2010
• The National Fisheries and Aquaculture Authority (NAFAA) was • Fisheries &Aquaculture Policy &Strategy (2014)
established by an Act of legislature in 2017
• Liberia Fisheries Management Act of 2019
• Maritime Act 2010
• The Forestry Development Authority (FDA) was established by an Act of • National Forest Environmental Policy (2003)
Legislature in 1976 with the mandate to sustainably manage and • National Bio-diversity Strategy and Action Plan (2004)
conserve all forest resource for the benefit of present and future • FDA Ten (10) Code Regulations (2007)
Forestry generation. • Liberia Protected Areas Network Strategic Plan (2008) National Forest Management
• National Forestry Reform Act (2006) Implementation Strategy (2007)
• Wildlife conservation and protected area management law 2016 • Community Forest Management Plan
• National Wildlife & Protected Areas Law 2016 • National biodiversity strategy and action plan II (2017)
• National Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Policy (2007)
Natural Resources • Liberia Land Authority (LLA) Act of 2017
• Land Use Planning Policy
• Liberia Second National Communication to UNFCCC
• National Environmental Policy Act (2002)
Environment &
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act of 2002 • Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol (2002)
Climate Change • National Climate Change Policy (2018)
• Waste Management Policy and Procedure (2018)
Education • The Ministry of Education (MOE) Act of 1972 • Policy on Higher Education

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 • The Repeal Education Law of 2002 • Tuition-Free Education Policy
• The New Education Reform Act of 2011 • National Policy of Girls Education (2005)
• National Health and Social Policy and Plan (2011-2022)
• The Ministry of Health Act (2015)
Health • National Policy and Strategic Plan on Health Promotion (2016-2021)
• National Public Health Institute of Liberia Act
• National Health and Social Welfare Financing Policy and Plan (NHSWFPP)
• WASH Commission was established by an Act of legislature November
15, 2017
• WASH Commission Act – August 2018
Water Sanitation
• Ministry of lands, mines and energy, in collaboration with the Ministry • Water Supply and Sanitation Policy
Hygiene of Health and Social Welfare (MOH), Ministry of Public Works (MPW),
and Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation (LWSC) April 2009
•
• National Disaster Risk Management Policy (2012)
Security and • The National Security apparatus is responsible to protect the lives and • Gender Policy on Disaster Management (2019)
properties. In the case of disaster, the security jointly works together to • Liberia National Police Act (2015)
Emergency protect disaster sites. • Liberia National Fire Service
Management • National Defense Act • National Security Strategy of Liberia (2008)
• Fire Prevention Code (1968)
• National Transport Policy and Strategy (NTPS)
• National Transport Master Plan (2012)
Transport& Public
• National Transport Policy and Strategy (NTPS) • National Road Fund (2016)
works • Zoning Law 1958
• Public Works Acts
• Liberia Mineral and Mining Law (2000)
• Liberia Mineral Policy
• Land Rights Act (2017)
• National Energy Policy (2007)
• Liberia Extractive Industries and Transparency Initiative (LEITI) Act
Mines and energy • Environmental Code
(2009)
• Revenue Code
• Rural Renewable Energy Act
• Liberia Integrated Coast Zone Management (ICZM) Strategy
• Liberia Exploration Regulations (2010)
• Ministry of Information, Cultural Affairs & Tourism (MICAT) Act (1965)
Information • Liberia Telecommunication Corporation (LIBTELCO) Act (1973)
• Liberia Telecommunication Authority Act(2007) • ICT Policy of Liberia (2012)
Technology and • Ministry of Posts & Telecommunications of Freedom of Information Act • National Communication Strategy
Communication (2008)
• Abdulah K. Kamara Act of Press Freedom (2019)
• Energy Preparedness and Response Framework for site wide Emergencies (Draft)
• LEC Environmental Management, Plan, Policies, Procedures and Standards (Draft,
2011)
• Occupational Health and Safety Policy (OHSP)
• LEC Health and Safety Manual
Electricity • Electricity Act (2015)
• Oil Spill Response Plan (OSRP) (Draft, 2014)
• Waste Management Safety and Procedure (2018)
• Fire and Medical Emergency Evacuation Response Plan (2018)
• World Bank Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power
Transmission and Distribution (April 30, 2008)

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Commerce, Trade • Title 12 The Executive Law (1972)
and Industry
• Community Rights Law (2008) Ministry of Gender, Children and Social • National Gender Policy
Social protection Protection Act (2014), amending Chapter 38 of the new executive law of • Social Protection Strategy
1972 • Child Protection Policy and plan

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Annex 6. Existing Institutional and coordination mechanisms for development
Sector Leading Agencies Stakeholders Coordination Mechanisms
National Central Bank, Ministry of Labor, National Bureau of Concession, Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Commerce &
and Development Planning, Liberia Business Registry, Liberia Marine Time Authority,
Development: Industry-Lead, National
Liberia Revenue Authority, National Transit Authority, Liberia Business association, Sector Coordination Meeting
Sustainable Investment Commission - Co-
Liberia Chambers of Commerce, Liberia Petroleum Importers Association, Water
Lead
Economic Growth Producer Association
Ministry of Agriculture -Lead,
Fisheries, Forestry, Central Agriculture Research Institute, LACRA, UL, CU, SMP, BWI, Agriculture Coordination Committee
Agriculture Corporate Development
Community Colleges, Liberia Meteorological Services (ACC)
Agency - Co-Lead
National Fisheries and
Monitoring Control and Surveillance
Fisheries Aquaculture Authority -
Coordination Committee (MCSCC)
(NaFAA)
Forestry Development
Forestry Authority
MOA, LLA, MIA, FTI, UL, MICAT, EPA, MGCSP, MME, LIS, CSOs Sector Coordination Meeting, MOUs

Environment& Mines and Energy Ministry,

Liberia Electricity Corporation, Rural Renewable Energy Agency, Land Commission,
Climate Change/ Environmental Protection
Liberian Petroleum Regulatory Authority, National Oil Company of Liberia
Sector Coordination Meeting
Natural Resources Agency

Education Ministry of Education Higher Education, Technical and Vocational Training, MCSS Sector Coordination Meeting
National Public Health Institute, Water, sanitation Hygiene Commission, Liberia
Health Ministry of Health Institute of Bio-Medical Research, Liberia Medical and Dental Council, Liberia Medical Sector Coordination Meeting
and Health Products Regulatory Authority
Water, sanitation
WASH Commission - Sector coordination meeting
hygiene
National Security Agency, Executive Protection Services, Human Rights Commission,
Security& Emergency Ministry of National Defense,
National Commission on Small Arms, Drug Enforcement Agency, LNP, Liberia Sector Coordination Meeting
Management Ministry of Justice, NDMA
Immigration Service
Transport & public
MOT MPW, GSA, MOD, Liberia National Red Cross Society Sector Coordination Meeting
works
Mines & energy MME MME, Liberia Energy Regulatory Authority -

Communication MICAT - -

Electricity LEC, RREA MME, Liberia Energy Regulatory Authority Sector Coordination Meeting

Commerce, Trade MFDP, Liberia Business Association, Liberia Chambers of Commerce, Liberia Revenue
Ministry of Commerce (MOC) Sector Coordination Meeting
&Industry Authority
Ministry of Gender, Children Ministry of Youth and Sports, Liberia Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement
Social Development and Social Protection Commission, National Veterans Bureau, Liberia Agency for Community Empowerment,
Sector Coordination meeting
&Protection (MGCSP) NASSCORP, National Commission on Disabilities, Liberia Insurance Company,
Millennium Challenge Cooperation, PPCC, MPW (Community Service Division),

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Annex 7. Existing International and national development partners in Liberia
Sector International Development Partners National Development Partners
World Bank, African Development Bank, IMF, USAID, EU, DFID, Japan, Norway, Central Bank of Liberia, Commercial banks, money changers associations, Liberia
National
Sweden, China, France Development Agency, JICA Business Association and State-owned enterprises Liberia Marketing Association,
Development Liberia chambers of Commerce, Civil Society Organization
World Bank, USAID, EU, SIDA, IFAD, FAO, African Development Bank, Israel, China, Fire Stone, LAC, GVL, Sim Darby, Cavalla Rubber Plantation, Equatorial Palm Oil
Agriculture WFP, UNDP, UNICEF, Government of Egypt, Conservation International (CI), JICA, Company, CARI and other local Agriculture Cooperative Societies, Equatorial
Proforest, Tropical forest Alliance 2020 Palm Oil, Salala Rubber Cooperation, Cocopa Rubber Corporation, WHH
World Bank, West Africa Regional Fisheries Programme (WARFP), University of
ICELAND, EU, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Fishery Committee for the Collaborative Management Association (CMA), Liberia Artisanal Fishermen
West Central Gulf of Guinea (FCWC), Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC), Association (LAFA), Liberia Seaman Union, Liberia Maritime Authority (LiMA),
Fisheries Ministerial Conference on Fisheries Cooperation among African States Bordering Ministry of Defense (MoD)/Liberia Coast Guard (LCG), Liberia Immigration
the Atlantic (ATLAFCO/COMHAFAT), Government of Wales, Government of Japan, Services (LIS), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Conservation International (CI)
Fauna & Flora International REDD Partnership, Hummingbird Resources, VPA-Local
Society for the Conservation of Nation of Liberia (SCNL), Friends of Ecosystem
Partner, Conservation International, Wild Local Partners, SCNL, and other local
and the Environment (FEE), Sustainable Development institute (SDI), Skills and
NGOs Chimpanzee foundation (WCF), Ambero GIZ, KFW, USAID WaBiC, SGS, ITTO,
Forestry PCI media impact, World Bank, Sustainable Development Initiative (SDI), Norwegian
Agricultural Services (SADS), Save My Future Foundation (SAMFU), Green Globe
Consultancy, Partners in Development (PADEV), Youth Climate Change Initiative
Government, World Resources Institute (WRI), FAO, World Agro Forestry Center,
– Liberia (YCCI-Lib)
Center for International Forestry Research, Conservational International
Natural Resources FDA, CI, USAID, NUDP, GIZ
Environment and
UNDP, African Development Bank Youth Climate Change Initiative – Liberia (YCCI-Lib)
Climate Change
Global Partnership for Education (GPE), World Bank Liberia, United States Aid for
Peace Corps, Bridge, Ministry of Finance & Development Planning (MFDP),
Education International Development (USAID) Liberia, UNICEF Liberia, UNESCO Liberia,
Ministry of Youths & Sports (MYS)
European Union (EU) Liberia, Plan International Liberia
Liberia Medical and Dental Council, Liberia Nursing and Midwifery Board, Liberia
Health WHO, World Bank, CDC, EU, UNICEF, Plan International Liberia, ICRC, LNRCS
Physician Association, National Health workers Association
Water Sanitation UNDP, UNICEF, Water Aid, National Government, WASH Consortium, Concern
Hygiene World Wide, USAID, Plan International Liberia, Oxfam
Security and
Emergency China, JICA, US Government
Management
Transport& public MCA, MCC, World Meteorological Organization, GIZ, AfDB, ACMAD, ECOWAS,
works AHDRYMET, CILLSS
UNDP, Green Climate Fund (GCF), MRU, ECOWAS, Agromet, ACMAD, ADB, IHP, MME, EPA, MPW, Mining companies, Youth Climate Change Initiative – Liberia
Mines and energy WMO, UNICEF, WB, (YCCI-Lib)
Ministry of Post & Telecommunications (MOPT), PUL, WAJA, ALJA, ITC Union,
Communication Local Media groups
MPW, MME, MOA, FDA, LWSC, MCC, Libtelco, RREA, NOCAL, Liberia Petroleum
Electricity EU, MCC, MCA, JICA, US GOVERNMENT, WORLD BANK,
Regulatory Authority, West Africa Power Pull

72
Commerce, Trade
- -
and Industry
World Bank, USAID, EU, UN Women, UNFPA, Millennium Challenge Account, SIDA,
Social protection UNICEF
Line Ministries, IHRC, LRRRC, CSOs, Media

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Annex 8. National Resilience Baselines (as of 2019)26
Thematic Resilience Areas
Resilience
Interventions
IKM RiDEV CIP SRSP DEM F4DRR
Budgeting allocation
National Disaster policy, international aid;
National Gender Policy
No risk-related data and National policies for Management Act needs Risk-informed investments
(2018-2022)
information sharing mainstreaming DRM amendment to capture Trust fund of Disaster
Policy & National Social
policy in place yet, but and climate resilience, National Critical Safety current realities. Preparedness and
Protection Policy and
legislative the issue is addressed in as part of sectoral risk policy is fragmented & Not
Strategy (2013)
Pro-poor Agenda for Response (outlined in the
setup the National Disaster management holistic. Development and act and not yet
Liberian Children Law
Risk Management framework, are under Prosperity (PPADP); Local implemented)
2011
Policy (2012). development. Government Act of 2018 Medium term framework
available/Risk informed
investment is N/A
No National Risk A Gender Social Inclusion
No national CIP committee, Disaster Management
Assessment Framework No committees for Unit within MGSP has
Institutional but available Committees established at No disaster risk financing
(NRAF) and National Investment planning been established for
setup national steering committee both national and County committee in place.
Hazard Review and Risk and building codes. gender mainstreaming
on WASH in formation. Levels
Committee. and monitoring
MFDP with various
sectoral coordination No national coordination
Leads on the social MFDP& NDMA, but no
NDMA with mechanisms for mechanism in place yet, but
development pillar NDMA with emergency coordination mechanism
Leadership & coordination development issues, but MPW, MOT, MOH, MOL,
Has GBV taskforce in 15 coordination protocol and for mobilizing resources
coordination mechanisms including no coordination MIA, EPA, etc. address the
counties, coordinates contingency plans for DRR.
NPDRR mechanism for risk- infrastructure security
with other sectors
informed development issues.
planning.

Stakeholder LISGIS, thematic

Ministries of public works, MACs, CSOs, NGOs, private Regional & Intl. Donors
institutions Coordinate with all
engagement MFDP, MOA, MOH, transportation, FDA, EPA, sectors, as well as and financial institutions
(Development Sector stakeholders as gender is
and MOE, etc. etc. international development Trust fund as mentioned in
Institutions) a cross cutting issue
partners the Act.
collaboration

No National Risk data

and information National CIP strategy & National DRR Strategy & National strategy for risk
No National DRM
Strategy & strategy & action plan, Action Plan and National National Gender-based Policy is prepared; financing & transfers is
mainstreaming strategy
action plans but addressed in Adaptation Plan (NAP) are Violence Plan of Action Long-term DRR action plan under development.
& action plan.
National Disaster Risk under development. is under development.
Reduction Action Plan.

26
Serving as baselines for resilience building

74
 National Early Warning
System (NEWS) has been in
IWRM, ICZM, WASH, place, but there are no
Liberia Social Safety Net
Social Protection, No National CIP hazard or hotspot-specific Disaster Risk Financing
No National Initiative (targeting presently food
Programs Livelihood programme, Critical Facility disaster mitigation Initiative (DRFI) and
for Risk-informed insecure households in
&projects Development, Poverty Safety Programme programme, no local DRR international Cooperation
Decision Support (RiDS) Grand Kru and Maryland)
Reduction, and PAPD planning support are in place.
Venerable Girls Project
are available. programme, and no nation-
wide community risk
awareness campaign.
Limited understanding
of DRM/DRR
No unified methodology
No sector risk
for hazard and risk
assessments Probabilistic risk
assessment Have trained staff to
No sector-specific Disaster Risk Modelling and assessment
No well-established Risk No Facility Vulnerability & conduct case
Core procedures & tools for profiling Budgeting & expenditure
data and information Risk Assessment management
RiDM(Baseline, Goal & Disaster Planning analysis (DRR);
Capabilities management system Contingency plans are Capable staff to provide
Objectives Setting, CBA) DRR Planning Public investment planning
& support (NDI) available support to survival of
Limited Know How to DRR Portfolio Management Resource mobilization
No stakeholder-specific No Business Continuity GBV
resources Plan Integration (i.e.
risk management planning Limited financial
CCA + DRR; DRR + Public On going On going
knowledge Portal resources
Investment Plan; DRR +
National Hazard Risk
IWSM; etc.)
Assessment support
team is under
development
Note: IKM – Information and Knowledge Management; RiDEV – Risk-informed Development; CIP – Critical Infrastructural Protection; SRSP - Shock-Responsive Social Protection; DEM – Disaster and
Emergency Management; F4DRR – Financing for Disaster Risk Reduction.

75
Annex 9. Flood-specific risk hotspots and vulnerability profiles of Liberia(as of 2019)27
Risk hotspots County Vulnerable Communities Exposed Sector Exposed Elements at Risk
Senjeh-Klay 9 VCs: Tubmanburg, Joseph Town, Hammer Hill,
6 Sectors: Education, Trade, Commence, 4 elements at Risk: Residential buildings,
Dewoin-Suehn Bomi Gbarllasuah, Nyanlla, Gbah Jarkeh, Lingar,
Housing, Agriculture, WASH vegetable farms, water points, markets
Mecca Districts Gohnzipo, Mecca
6 VCs: Gbarnga, Kokoya, Statutory district, 4 sectors: Education, trade & Commerce, 4 elements at risk: Residential building, schools,
Gbarnga Bong
Jorquelleh, Panta Fuamah, Suakoko Agriculture, Housing markets, farms
7 elements at Risk: Residential buildings,
6 sectors: Education, Trade & Commerce,
Bopolu Gbarpolu 2 VCs: Bambuta, Compounds Junction
Agriculture, Housing, Health, Transport
schools, Animal husbandry, vegetable farms,
water points, roads, clinics,
20 VCs, Edina, Compound # 2 Fairground, God Bless
You, New Buchanan,, WATCO Camp, Kpandy town,
Bassa community, Peace community,Corn 5 elements at Risk: Residential buildings,
4 sectors: Education, Agriculture, WASH,
Buchana Grand Bassa Farm,Pearchuzohn, Lewis street, Dirt
Housing, Fishery
schools, Animal husbandry, vegetable farms,
ho;le,Gonniigar town,Jarko town,Tinway town, Four water points, Fish Landing Sites and Fish Ponds
Houses , Juah and ,Gorzohn
Barclayville( # 1 compound)
37 VCs: Tallah, Falie, Lapia, Torso, Robertsport,
Mandina, Peh, Warkenkor, Mecca, Lofa Bridge,
Common Jenneh Brown, Fahn, Bandor, Fahn Town, Goe,
7 elements at Risk: Residential buildings,
Mambo, Weelor, Wayneh, Dambala, Bambala,
Wealth-Garwula- Grand Cape 6 sectors: Education, Agriculture, WASH, schools, Animal husbandry, vegetable farms,
Bendaja, Manor River, Gbassslor,
GolaKonneh- Mount Health, Transport, Housing, Fishery water points, roads, clinics, Fish landing sites
Ludijah, Grassfield, Fanti Town, Latia, Mandoe,
and fish ponds
Tehwor-Porkpa Tosor, Bandu Town, Jundu Town, Kpennejee, Gbah
Foboi, Sawelor Town, Diah Town, Kobolia, Bo
Waterside
Zwedru-Konobo Grand Gedeh 4 VCs: Krahville, ELRZ, Kannah Road, Baleken 2 sectors: Agriculture, housing 2 elements at risk: farms, residential buildings
Wakpeken- 6 VCS: Wakpeken, Setor, Topoh, Filorken, Fleneken
Grand Kru
Topoh and Juduken Village
45 VCs: Voinjama, Market Ground Community,
Tebermai, Foyah-Kugbemai, Zinalomai, Kpakarmai,
Jallamai, Tenebu, Vezela, Bazagizia, Kpotomai,
Selega, Manamai, Zawordamai, Kolahun Dist-
Yandihun, Kamatahun, Massabolahun,
Lukasu,Poplahun, Kailahun-Lukasu, Vahu Dist- 3 sectors: Trade & commerce, WASH, 3 elements at risk: Residential buildings,
Voinjama Lofa
Kannleh, Garbon, Kpngula, Housing markets, water points
Zorzor Dist-Konia, Boi, Passama, Zealakp, Kilewu,
Salayea Dist-Salayea City, Kpayea, Yarpuah,
Gboynea, Kpeteyea, Alayea, Tinsue, Sucrumu,
Quadu Gboni Dist.-Samodu, Jamulor, Bakedu,
Maiekonnedu,

27
Serving as baselines for disaster risk management / reduction

76
 Foya Dist.-Porluma, . kormai
25 VCs: Harbel, Marshall, Unification Town Zone #2,
Katata-Dolo- Mandingo Quarter, Dennisville, Benla, Miss Moore,
Matiyala, Buzzie Quarter, Gotomue Town, Peter’s 7 elements at Risk: Residential buildings,
Unification-New 7 sectors: Education, Agriculture, WASH,
Margibi Town, Charlesville, Duazon, RS Caul Field, Koon schools, Animal husbandry, vegetable farms,
Dolo-Mamba- Health, Transport, Housing, Commerce
Town, Joe Blow Town, Nyankapa Town, Dolos water points, roads, clinics
Wealla Town, Rock Crusher, Dweh Town, Zazay Town,
Zuawein, Goll Town, Whevlen, Peace Island
13 VCs: Harper, Pleebo, Hoffmann Station, Gebio,
5 elements at Risk: Residential buildings,
Tu- Community,Lake Shepherd, Zone 2, Zone 4A, 4 sectors: Education, Agriculture, WASH,
Harper Maryland
Skyville, Zone 7, YederoboWissiken, Nyenewroken, Housing, Fishery
schools, Animal husbandry, vegetable farms,
water points, Fish landing sites and Fish ponds
Suken, Jobloken
36 VCs: Bushrod Island ( St. Paul Bridge Community,
Whea Town, Crab Hole), New Hope Peace Island,
Steven Tolbert (Borbor Island), Jallah Town,
Lakpazee, Doe Community, Jimaca Road, Free Port,
Clara Town, Old Road, Cardwell, Kabah, Diggsville,
Omega, Bonnard Farm, Wen Town, Soul Clinic 7 elements at Risk: Residential buildings,
Monrovia- (Garza,Sorto Guinea), Logan Town, Battery Factory 6 sectors: Education, Agriculture, WASH, schools, Animal husbandry, vegetable farms,
Montserrado
Payesville (Plank Field), Sinker (12 St., 16 St, Weazay, Health, Transport, Housing, Fishery water points, roads, clinics, Fish landing sites
NewMatadi), Brewerville (Red Hill Field), Zayzay and fish ponds
Community, Du-Port Road (Shara), Mt. Barclay
( Lofa community, old field, new road community)
Nezoe community, pipeline(Daniel Chea
community), new Georgia(port Harcourt), Don
Bosco community, Cooper Farm
Fish Town-
2 elements at risk: Residential building, rice
Gbeapo- River Gee 2 VCs: Supper Gari, Shinning Board 2 sectors: Agriculture, housing
farms
Kanweaken
9 VCs: Cestos, Lonestar Community, Red Cross
3 sectors: Fishery, WASH, Transport, 4 Elements at risk: Roads, bridges, fish landing
Cestos Rivercess Community, ITI Township, Neezuien, Bodowea,
agriculture sites , fishponds, water points,
Yarpah Town, Timbo, James Town
15 VCs: Greenville, Sanquine, Down Town, New Kru
Town, Geekloh, Panama, Kwitatuzon, Karquekpo, 5 Elements at Risk: Residential building,
5 sectors: Trade & Commerce, Fishery,
Greenville Sinoe Pyne Town, Seethun NewTown, Teah Town,
WASH, Transport, Housing
markets, fishing, water points, roads, landing
Seebeh, Peluwa, Seethun Juaryen, David Solo sites, fish ponds
Village

77
Annex 10. Coastal erosion specific risk hotspots and profiles of Liberia (as of 2019)
Risk hotspots County Vulnerable Communities Exposed Sector Exposed Elements at Risk
15 VCs: Manjamah, Jonborbah, Bomah, Gbaigbon,
Malema Kpannah, Keiku, Nyamah, Votor, Fishery, Education, Housing, Trade, Fish landing sites, residential building,
Dewoin District Bomi
Royesville, Tomah Town, Varmah, Boh, Fish Town, Commence, environment business centers, water sources
Bogbeh, Charlie Town
12 VCs: Atlantic Street, Fanti Town, , , , Little
Bassa, Juah town Buchanan, Korduah community, Fishery, education, trade & commerce, Fish landing sites, residential buildings,
Edina-Buchanan Grand Bassa
Vai town, Barconline, Edina, Neetor, Grand Kolka, transport, housing schools, roads, business centers
Little Kola
Robertsport- 16 VCs: Kru Beach, Fanti Town, Tallah, Falie, Latia,
Bandor, Mano River, Kru Town, Up Town, Fishery, Trade and Commerce,
Common-wealth- Grand Cape Mount
Sembehum, Latia Beach, Falie Beach, Sowe Town, environment, housing
Fish landing sites, residential building, tourism
Tehwor-Porkpa Tailor Beach, Young island, Fombah Beach
14 VCs: Sasstown, Picnicess, Nero, Pitay, Sobo,
Sasstown Fishery, Agriculture, Trade and
Grand Kru Dio, Botiah, Wessehpoh, Nifu, Betu, Grandcess, Fish landing sites , Tree crop
Picnicess Commerce
Wedabo, Po-River, Garraway
Marshall Margibi 1 VCs: Marshall Fishery, housing, Trade and Commerce Fish landing sites, residential buildings
7 VCs: Cape Palmas, Fanti Town, Around Lake
Harper Maryland Shepherd, Harper, Fish town, Rock town and Fishery, Trade and Commerce housing Fish landing sites residential buildings
Middle Tow
14 VCs: West Point (Power Plant, Kru Beach, Fanti Fishery, health, education,
Fish landing sites, residential building, health
Town), New Kru (Popo Beach, Lagoon) Town, environment, Trade and Commerce
Monrovia- facilities, Water treatment plant, power
Montserrado Sinkor (17 - 20 st.), Hotel Africa Com., Mabam WASH, Urban Service(drinking water
Payesville transmission facilities, Roads, schools,
Point (South Beach, ELWA Community, King Gray, supply, power supply), Transport
freshwater resource
Congo Town (Sophie Community, Bernard Beach, housing
10 VCs: Borkor Point, Fanti Town, Kru Town,
Jackson Community, Zinc Camp, Kaye Town, Fishery, Agriculture, Trade and Fish landing sites , residential building, tree
Cestos Rivercess
Manneh Beach, Timbo Beach, Jomo Town commerce housing crop (Coconut)

11 VCs: Nana Kru, Fish Town, Down Town, Fanti

Town, New Kru Town, Poor River, Pumgbor, Fishery, trade & commerce, Fish Landing sites , residential buildings, Sea
Greenville Sinoe
Manwah, Toni Ta, King Williams Town, Settra Kru agriculture, housing Port, Market, Tree crop (Coconut)

78
Annex 11. Windstorm specific risk hotspots and profiles of Liberia (as of 2019)
Risk hotspots County Vulnerable Communities Exposed Sector Exposed Elements at Risk
14 VCs: Klay, Tubmanburg, Gbah, Suehn Town, Residential Buildings, Community Radio
Tubmanburg Gbojay, Beh Town, Sasstown, Gayah Hill, Behsao, Education, Communication, agriculture, Stations, GSM Network, Schools, religious
Bomi
Dewoin-Klay-Senjeh Bonnoh, Jenneh #3, Julijuah, Gohnzipo, Beajah housing, Trade and Commerce building, Farm, tree crops/fruits
Zordee
24 VCs: Bong Mines, Civil Compound, SKT, Sinyea,
Gbarnga- Far East, Kokoya Road, Sugar Hill, Frankjoe, Residential Buildings, Community Radio
Jugbemue, Zienzu, Palala, Yela, Boiyemah, Garmue, Education, communication, agriculture, Stations, GSM Network, Schools, religious
Selequelle-Panta, Bong
Kelebi, Daviddins Town, Garyea, Bakalu, Kpo, housing building
Gbarnga Lelekpeayea, Brooklyn, Chief Compound Kokoya
Road, Frog Island, Sanoyea Town
Communication, education, agriculture, Residential buildings, GSM network, schools,
Bopolu Gbarpolu 2VCs: Henry Town, Camp Alpha Region
housing, mining religious buildings
18 VCs: Trade Town, Buchanan city( CornFarm,
Flour Mill, Four Houses, Peachuzohn,Tarbar Residential Buildings, Community Radio
community, Own Your own,Saypue hill,Gorzohn,), Stations, GSM Network, Schools, religious
Buchanan Grand Bassa
Compound # 3, Frank Diggs town # 3,Desoe town
Communication, education, housing
building
#3,Gayepue hole # 3, Baseegiah town, # 3, District #
2, District # 4, and District # 1
15 VCs: Robersport, Tewor, Garwola, Porkpa,
GolaKonneh, Common Wealth, Sembehum, Latia,
Falia, Fandor, Sinje, Vonzua, Gbah Foboi Residential Buildings, Community Radio
Grand Cape Residential Buildings, GSM Network,
Robertsport Mount
Gola Konneh, Mecca
Schools, Farms
Stations, GSM Network, Schools, electricity,
Farms ( Tree Crops, Fruit Crops etc.)

Residential Buildings, Community Radio

4 VCs: Toddyville, Pennue, Karqumoh site, Education, health, communication, Stations, GSM Network, Schools, health
Zwedru Grand Gedeh
Gbarbarville, Boleyville, ELRZ electricity, agriculture, housing facilities, electricity, Farms ( Tree Crops, Fruit
Crops etc.)
Residential Buildings, Community Radio
Education, health, communication, Stations, GSM Network, Schools, health
Putu Grand Gedeh 2 VCs: Pennoken. Towabli
electricity, agriculture, housing facilities, electricity, Farms ( Tree Crops, Fruit
Crops etc.)
Communication, education, agriculture, Residential Buildings, GSM Network, Schools,
Konobo Grand Gedeh 1 VCs: Kaobli
housing Farms
Communication, education, agriculture, Residential Buildings, GSM Network, Schools,
Wertehen-Kayken Grand Kru 4 VCS: Werteken, Wakpo, Weayan, Kayken
housing Farms
14 VCs: Kolahum, Mendekoma, Buedu, Zigida,
Wonegizi Range, Vahun Home, kolahun, Wassar, Communication, education, agriculture, Residential Buildings, GSM Network, Schools,
Vonjiman Lofa
Kamatahun, Zorzor, Salayea, Popalahun, housing Farms
Massalahun, New ife community, Yanhun

79
 Residential Buildings, Community Radio
8 VCs: Kpelle Community, Walker Farm, Konola
Kakata-Konola- Communication, education, agriculture, Stations, GSM Network, Schools, Farms ( Tree
Margibi Mission, Frog Island, SRC Camp 3, Baypolu, Ansa
Weala-Borlorla housing Crops, Fruit Crops etc.)
Town, Yarnwillie
17 VCs: Harper,Pleebo, Barrobo / Golfaken,
Fishtown, Rock Town, Lake Shepherd, Middle town Residential Buildings, Community Radio
andKarloken, Zone 2, Zone 4A, Skyeville, Zone 7, Communication, education, agriculture, Stations, GSM Network, Schools, Farms ( Tree
Harper-Plibo Maryland
YederoboWissiken, Nyenewroken, housing Crops, Fruit Crops etc.)
NyandoWissiken, Pomken, Doboken, Doloken,
Warterken
22 VCs: Soul Clinic, Brewerville, Gardnersville,
Logan Town, New Kru Town, Clara Town, Morris
Monrovia- Farm, Pleemu Town, Karto’s Towm, Varney Goyah
Communication, education, electricity,
Paynesville-Bushrod Montserrado Town, Freeman Reserved, Goba Town, Holder
housing
Communication, school, electricity, housing
Island Town, Zoepa town, Nyehn Town, Gwee Town,
Kollie Town, Kanasuah, Hope Village, Dee Town,
Nyemah Town, Gola Nepolo Town
Residential Buildings, Community Radio
Saniquellie-Tapeta- Communication, education, electricity, Stations, GSM Network, Schools, Farms (Tree
Nimba 5 VCs: Butlo, Sanniquellie, Yekepa, Gboyi, Kahnpie
Kamplay agriculture, housing Crops, Fruit Crops etc.)

4 VCs: Cestos City, ITI Township Jarkaken, Chedepo Education, Communication, Agriculture, Residential buildings, schools, townhalls, tree
Cesto City Rivercess
Greeken housing crops
Residential Buildings, Community Radio
Communication, education, agriculture,
Greenville Sinoe 3 VCs: Sinoe Bay, Sanquine, Baffur Bay Community
housing
Stations, GSM Network, Schools, Farms (Tree
Crops, Fruit Crops etc.)

80
Annex 12. County vulnerability profiles of Liberia (as of 2019)
Vulnerable Communities (VCs)
County
Flood Coastal Erosion Windstorm
9 VCs: Tubmanburg, Joseph Town, Hammer 15 VCs: Manjamah, Jonborbah, Bomah, Gbaigbon,
14 VCs: Klay, Tubmanburg, Gbah, Suehn Town, Gbojay, Beh
Hill, Gbarllasuah, Nyanlla, Gbah Jarkeh, Lingar, Malema Kpannah, Keiku, Nyamah, Votor, Royesville,
Bomi Tomah Town, Varmah, Boh, Fish Town, Bogbeh, Charlie
Town, Sasstown, Gayah Hill, Behsao, Bonnoh, Jenneh #3,
Gohnzipo, Mecca Julijuah, Gohnzipo, Beajah Zordee
Town
24 VCs: Bong Mines, Civil Compound, SKT, Sinyea, Far East,
Kokoya Road, Sugar Hill, Frankjoe, Jugbemue, Zienzu, Palala,
6 VCs: Gbarnga, Kokoya, Statutory district,
Bong Jorquelleh, Panta Fuamah, Suakoko
- Yela, Boiyemah, Garmue, Kelebi, Daviddins Town, Garyea,
Bakalu, Kpo, Lelekpeayea, Brooklyn, Chief Compound Kokoya
Road, Frog Island, Sanoyea Town
Gbarpolu 2 VCs: Bambuta, Compounds Junction - 2 VCs: Henry Town, Camp Alpha Region
20 VCs, Edina, Compound # 2 Fairground, God
Bless You, New Buchanan,, WATCO Camp,
18 VCs: Trade Town, Buchanan city( CornFarm, Flour Mill, Four
Kpandy town, Bassa community, Peace 12 VCs: Atlantic Street, Fanti Town, , , , Little Bassa, Juah
Houses, Peachuzohn,Tarbar community, Own Your own,Saypue
community,Corn Farm,Pearchuzohn, Lewis town Buchanan,Korduah community, Vai town,
Grand Bassa street, Dirt ho;le,Gonniigar town,Jarko Barconline, Edina, Neetor, Grand Kolka, Little Kola,
hill,Gorzohn,), Compound # 3, Frank Diggs town # 3,Desoe town
#3,Gayepue hole # 3, Baseegiah town, # 3, District # 2, District #
town,Tinway town, Four Houses , Juah
4, and District # 1
and ,Gorzohn
Barclayville( # 1 compound)
37 VCs: Tallah, Falie, Lapia, Torso,
Robertsport, Mandina, Peh, Warkenkor,
Mecca, Lofa Bridge, Jenneh Brown, Fahn, 15 VCs: Robersport, Tewor, Garwola, Porkpa, GolaKonneh,
16 VCs: Kru Beach, Fanti Town, Tallah, Falie, Latia,
Bandor, Fahn Town, Goe, Mambo, Weelor, Common Wealth, Sembehum, Latia, Falia, Fandor, Sinje,
Grand Cape Bandor, Mano River, Kru Town, Up Town, Sembehum,
Wayneh, Dambala, Bambala, Bendaja, Manor Vonzua, Gbah Foboi
Mount Latia Beach, Falie Beach, Sowe Town, Tailor Beach, Young
River, Gbassslor, Ludijah, Grassfield, Fanti Gola Konneh, Mecca
island, Fombah Beach
Town, Latia, Mandoe, Tosor, Bandu Town,
Jundu Town, Kpennejee, Gbah Foboi, Sawelor
Town, Diah Town, Kobolia, Bo Waterside
7 VCs: Toddyville, Pennue, Karqumoh site, Gbarbarville,
Grand Gedeh 4 VCs: Krahville, ELRZ, Kannah Road, Baleken -
Boleyville, ELRZ, Pennoken. Towabli, Kaobli
2 VCs: Sasstown, Picnicess, Nero, Pitay, Sobo, Dio, Botiah,
6VCS: Wakpeken, Setor, Topoh, Filorken,
Grand Kru Fleneken and Juduken Village
Wessehpoh, Nifu, Betu, Grandcess, Wedabo, Po-River, 4 VCS: Werteken, Wakpo, Weayan, Kayken
Garraway
45 VCs: Voinjama, Market Ground
Community, Tebermai, Foyah-Kugbemai,
Zinalomai, Kpakarmai, Jallamai, Tenebu,
14 VCs: Kolahum, Mendekoma, Buedu, Zigida, Wonegizi Range,
Vezela, Bazagizia, Kpotomai, Selega,
Lofa Manamai, Zawordamai, Kolahun Dist-
- Vahun Home, kolahun, Wassar, Kamatahun, Zorzor, Salayea,
Popalahun, Massalahun, New ife community, Yanhun
Yandihun, Kamatahun, Massabolahun,
Lukasu,Poplahun, Kailahun-Lukasu, Vahu Dist-
Kannleh, Garbon, Kpngula,

81
 Zorzor Dist-Konia, Boi, Passama, Zealakp,
Kilewu, Salayea Dist-Salayea City, Kpayea,
Yarpuah, Gboynea, Kpeteyea, Alayea, Tinsue,
Sucrumu, Quadu Gboni Dist.-Samodu,
Jamulor, Bakedu, Maiekonnedu,
Foya Dist.-Porluma, . kormai
25 VCs: Harbel, Marshall, Unification Town
Zone #2, Mandingo Quarter, Dennisville,
Benla, Miss Moore, Matiyala, Buzzie Quarter,
Gotomue Town, Peter’s Town, Charlesville, 8 VCs: Kpelle Community, Walker Farm, Konola Mission, Frog
Margibi Duazon, RS Caul Field, Koon Town, Joe Blow
1 VCs: Marshall
Island, SRC Camp 3, Baypolu, Ansa Town, Yarnwillie
Town, Nyankapa Town, Dolos Town, Rock
Crusher, Dweh Town, Zazay Town, Zuawein,
Goll Town, Whevlen, Peace Island
13 VCs: Harper, Pleebo, Hoffmann Station, 17 VCs: Harper,Pleebo, Barrobo / Golfaken, Fishtown, Rock
Gebio, Tu- Community,Lake Shepherd, Zone 2, 7 VCs: Cape Palmas, Fanti Town, Around Lake Shepherd, Town, Lake Shepherd, Middle town andKarloken, Zone 2, Zone
Maryland Zone 4A, Skyville, Zone 7, YederoboWissiken, Harper, Fish town, Rock town and Middle Town 4A, Skyeville, Zone 7, YederoboWissiken, Nyenewroken,
Nyenewroken, Suken, Jobloken NyandoWissiken, Pomken, Doboken, Doloken, Warterken
36 VCs: Bushrod Island ( St. Paul Bridge
Community, Whea Town, Crab Hole), New
Hope Peace Island, Steven Tolbert (Borbor
Island), Jallah Town, Lakpazee, Doe
Community, Jimaca Road, Free Port, Clara
Town, Old Road, Cardwell, Kabah, Diggsville, 22 VCs: Soul Clinic, Brewerville, Gardnersville, Logan Town, New
14 VCs: West Point (Power Plant, Kru Beach, Fanti Town),
Omega, Bonnard Farm, Wen Town, Soul Clinic Kru Town, Clara Town, Morris Farm, Pleemu Town, Karto’s
New Kru (Popo Beach, Lagoon) Town, Sinkor (17 - 20 st.),
(Garza,Sorto Guinea), Logan Town, Battery Towm, Varney Goyah Town, Freeman Reserved, Goba Town,
Montserrado Factory (Plank Field), Sinker (12 St., 16 St,
Hotel Africa Com., Mabam Point (South Beach, ELWA
Holder Town, Zoepa town, Nyehn Town, Gwee Town, Kollie
Community, King Gray, Congo Town (Sophie Community,
Weazay, NewMatadi), Brewerville (Red Hill Town, Kanasuah, Hope Village, Dee Town, Nyemah Town, Gola
Bernard Beach
Field), Zayzay Community, Du-Port Road Nepolo Town
(Shara), Mt. Barclay ( Lofa community, old
field, new road community)
Nezoe community, pipeline(Daniel Chea
community), new Georgia(port Harcourt), Don
Bosco community, Cooper Farm

Nimba - - 5 VCs: Butlo, Sanniquellie, Yekepa, Gboyi, Kahnpie

River Gee 2 VCs: Supper Gari, Shinning Board - 3 VCs Jarkaken, Chedepo Greeken

10 VCs: Borkor Point, Fanti Town, Kru Town, Jackson

9 VCs: Cestos, Lonestar Community, Red Cross
Community, Zinc Camp, Kaye Town, Manneh Beach,
Rivercess Community, ITI Township, Neezuien,
Timbo Beach, Jomo Town
3 VCs: Cestos City, ITI Township
Bodowea, Yarpah Town, Timbo, James Town

82
 15 VCs: Greenville, Sanquine, Down Town,
11 VCs: Nana Kru, Fish Town, Down Town, Fanti Town,
New Kru Town, Geekloh, Panama, Kwitatuzon,
New Kru Town, Poor River, Pumgbor, Manwah, Toni Ta,
Sinoe Karquekpo, Pyne Town, Seethun NewTown,
King Williams Town, Settra Kru
3 VCs: Sinoe Bay, Sanquine, Baffur Bay Community
Teah Town, Seebeh, Peluwa, Seethun Juaryen,
David Solo Village
Total 226 100 167

83
Annex 13. Hazard-specific population exposure of Liberia in 2008
Population Exposure in 2008
COUNTY
TOTAL POP FEMALE POP MALE POP

Flood-specific population exposure profile

BOMI 14,908 7,302 7,606
BONG 12,356 6,146 6,210
GBARPOLU 6,521 3,070 3,451
GRAND BASSA 24,924 12,641 12,283
GRAND CAPE MOUNT 19,451 9,680 10,016
GRAND GEDEH 3,620 1,713 1,907
GRAND KRU 3,815 1,909 1,906
LOFA 78,501 41,574 38,727
MARGIBI 78,822 39,659 39,211
MARYLAND 78,757 39,224 39,533
MONTSERRADO 1,042,655 511,454 531,201
NIMBA 29,139 14,123 15,056
RIVER GEE 5,212 2,542 2,670
RIVERCESS 11,485 5,472 6,013
SINOE 1,997 921 1,076
SubTotal 1,412,163 697,430 716,866
Coastal erosion specific exposure profile
BOMI 23397 11884 11513
BONG 0 0 0
GBARPOLU 0 0 0
GRAND BASSA 36190 17967 18223
GRAND CAPE MOUNT 49162 25506 23656
GRAND GEDEH 0 0 0

84
GRAND KRU 5085 2690 2395
LOFA 0 0 0
MARGIBI 2088 1009 1079
MARYLAND 38024 19591 18433
MONTSERRADO 88242 43774 44468
NIMBA 0 0 0
RIVER GEE 0 0 0
RIVERCESS 6003 3132 2871
SINOE 13370 6698 6672
SubTotal 261,561 132,251 129,310
Windstorm specific population exposure profile
BOMI 29271 14628 14643
BONG 236413 120490 116521
GBARPOLU 19612 10003 9609
GRAND BASSA 73800 37115 36685
GRAND CAPE MOUNT 23152 11484 11668
GRAND GEDEH 35476 16751 18725
GRAND KRU 26150 12745 13412
LOFA 117064 59954 57093
MARGIBI 163088 81511 81625
MARYLAND 74758 35674 39084
MONTSERRADO 81790 40316 41374
NIMBA 332002 166415 165647
RIVER GEE 31011 15110 15901
RIVERCESS 21328 10241 11087
SINOE 14555 6695 7860
SubTotal 1,279,470 639,132 640,934

85
Annex 14. Roadmap for Investment Plan
Implementation Indicative
Proposed
Expected Timeframe & Inputs/ National Intl. Dev.
Priority Area Proposed Activities Leading
Outputs Priority Budget Participants Partners
Agencies
S M L (US$)
Priority Area 1: Understanding disaster risk
1.1.1 Establish National Data
Infrastructure (NDI) to support NDI, technical EPA, LIGIS, MOT (MET),
NDMA UN Agencies, USAID
hazard mapping and risk manual Red Cross
hotspot identification
1.1.2 Conduct comprehensive
hazard assessment and Hazard maps NDMA EPA, LIGIS, MOT (MET) UN Agencies, USAID
mapping for major hazards
1.1.3 Develop detailed hazard
Risk profiles, DOM,EPA, LIGIS, MOH,
maps and risk hotspot profiles NDMA UN Agencies, USAID
baselines NPHIL, Red Cross
to refine DRR baselines
1.1.4 Develop a national
database/dashboard to collect
Disaster database NDMA MACs UN Agencies, USAID
and manage disaster
information
1.1.5 Develop/adapt a user- Standard
Action 1.1 Fully-
friendly risk identification and metholody for NDMA National stakeholders INGOs in Liberia
functioning
assessment tool NDRA
National Risk
1.1.6 Provide trainings to
Information Short-term
institutions and communities
System (NRIS) technical training NDMA National stakeholders INGOs in Liberia
on risk
established to be sessions
assessment/identification
accessible to the
1.1.7 Establish risk and
public and
vulnerability assessment Risk Assessment
decision making NDMA, MFDP MACs INGOs in Liberia
committees in local Committees
governments
Policy for using
1.1.8 Promote utilization of
tranditional
indigenous knowledge in NDMA Local jurisdictions UNESCO
indigenous
disaster risk assessment
knowledge
National Risk Atlas,
1.1.9 Conduct local and national
local hazard and NDMA MACs UNDP
level risk assessments
risk profile
1.1.10 Develop and implement
computerized information UNDP, WB, other intl.
NRIS NDMA MACs
management system for risk donors
assessment
1.1.11 Improve communication National policy for UNDP, WB, other intl.
NDMA, LISGIS MACs
and information exchange risk information donors

86
 among stakeholders on risk sharing and
assessment/outcomes communication
1.1.12 Improve integration and
NDMA, EPA, PUL,
coordination of risk
IKM committee MICAT, NGOs Private UNDP
identification and assessment
sector
processes and interventions
1.2.1 Disseminate and
communicate risk information Protocol on risk MICAT, PUL, CSOs,
NDMA UNDP
and get feedback during all communication NGOS, Private sector
phases of disaster management
1.2.2 Strengthen and expand
the role of media in disaster
risk reduction (i.e. talk shows
MoUs NDMA MICAT, local media UNDP
on radio and television, social
media, community-based radio
stations and town criers)
Action 1.2 Public 1.2.3 Establish forums amongst
awareness and relevant MACs, NGOs, and
Annual nation MICAT, MIA, NGOs,
information on other national and local disaster NDMA UNDP, INGOs
forum CSOs
disaster risk management stakeholders for
reduction experience-sharing in DRR
improved 1.2.4 Strengthen the role of
traditional and religious
MGCSP and Internal
leaders, women, youth and
Affairs, MYS, LRRRC,
other vulnerable groups to TOR, protocol on
NDMA NCD, LNRCS,
participate in and be engagement
Tranditional Council,
represented in public
MOE
awareness and information
exchange
1.2.5 Develop and standardize Brochures, posters,
MICAT, NGOs, MOPT,
Information, Education & video clips,
NDMA MIA, LNRCS, MGCSP, UNDP
Communication (IEC) materials localized drama,
LNFS, private sector
for risk awareness raising jingles, etc.
1.3.1 Integrate DRR into the
Formal education
educational sector and provide NDMA, MYS, MOH,
programmes,
trainings on how to mainstream MOE MGCSP, MFDP, UNDP
short-term traning
Disaster Risk Reduction into Academia, NGOs
sessions
development planning
Action 1.3
1.3.2 Promote implementation
Knowledge
of local risk assessment and MIA, MGCSP, LNRCS,
systems for DRR
disaster preparedness in LRRRC, MICAT,
improved
schools and institutions of Periodic events NDMA, MOE Commission on Higher UNDP, UNESCO
higher learning taking Education, NGOs,
cognizance of gender and Academia
cultural sensitivities
1.3.3 Develop DRR training and MFDP, LRRRC, MIA,
Training facilities MOE, NDMA UNDP, UNWOMEN
learning programs targeted at MGCSP, NCD, MYS,

87
 specific sectors (i.e. LNFS, MME, NGOs,
development planners, LISGIS, Academic
emergency managers, local institutions
government officials, women-
led CSOs and other vulnerable
groups, etc.)
1.3.4 Conduct community-
based training initiatives on
MLME, MPW, MGCP,
disaster risk reduction, using Risk awareness
NDMA MGCSP, LNRCS, EPA, UNWOMEN, UNDP
volunteers, where appropriate, sessions
CBOs
with wide promotion of
women’s participation
1.3.5 Promote engagement of
media to stimulate a sustained
MICAT, MIA, NGOs,
culture of resilience and strong Periodic events NDMA, PUL UNDP, UNESCO
Academic institutions
community participation in
education campaigns
1.3.6 Develop improved
research methods for predictive
multi-risk assessments and Standardized MFDP, LISGIS, MOT,
NDMA UNDP
socio-economic cost-benefit methodologies MOJ, Academia
analysis and legal ramifications
of risk reduction actions
1.4.1 Develop and periodically
update and disseminate risk
National Risk Atlas,
maps and related information
Risk information NDMA LIGIS UNDP
to all decision makers and portal
communities at risk in an
Action 1.4 appropriate format
Integration of risk 1.4.2 Develop systems of
identification into indicators of disaster risk and
policy and vulnerability, share with all MICAT, MFDP, EPA,
strategic plans stakeholders and use to assess Indicators systems NDMA MOCI, LRRRC, GSA, UNDP
development impact of disasters on social, MGCSP, LIGIS
process, and use culture, economic and
of risk outcomes in environmental conditions
development 1.4.3 Record, analyze,
plans improved summarize and disseminate
Annual Disaster UNDP
statistical information on NDMA, LIGIS MACs LNRCS
Report
disaster occurrence, impacts
and losses
1.4.4 Integrate disaster risk Gender-responsive, LEgISLATURE, LNRCS,
identification and mitigation risk-sensitive MGCSP, MIA, LLA,
NDMA, MFDP UNDP, UN WOMEN
measures into national sectoral MPW, MME, LMA, EPA,
development policies, programs development CBOs

88
 and strategies from a gender policies, strateies,
perspective and programmes
1.4.5 Analyze, monitor, and
report on long-term changes LISGIS, MOT, EPA, GSA,
and emerging issues that might Annual National MOH, MICAT, NPHIL,
NDMA, MFDP UNDP
increase risk and vulnerability Risk Report MIA, MOJ, MOA, MOCI,
or capacity to respond to MOD
disasters

Priority Area 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk

2.1.1 Implement and

Thematic
mainstream National Disaster
coordination
Risk Management Policy
mechanisms,
integrated into national NDMA, MFDP MACs UNDP
stakeholder
developmental plans such as
Action 2.1 The roundtables,
the Pro-poor Agenda and the
2012 National thematic seminars
Vision 2030
Disaster Risk
2.1.2 Conduct regular
Management Stakeholder
monitoring and evaluation in
Policy roundtable NDMA, MFDP MACs UNDP
the context of sustainable
implemented meetings
development
2.1.3 Create and implement
nationwide information sharing
National Risk
and dissemination platform and NDMA MACs, NEWRM UNDP
Information System
to include national early
warning and response
2.2.1 Develop and implement a
human resource strategy for
NDMA (to include recruitment
procedures, staff competence NDMA’s Human
and expertise, provide training, resources
NDMA LIPA, MACs UNDP
Action 2.2 structure, reporting develooment
National Disaster mechanisms, retention strategy
Management strategy, motivation and
Agency mainstreaming gender in
strengthened, as employment.)
the central 2.2.2 Link NDMA to existing line
Disaster ministries/agencies with trained
Network of Focal
Risk Management human resources and capacity NDMA, MFDP MACs, CSA, LIPA UNDP
Points on DRM
body on both national and local
levels
2.2.3 Ensure appropriate Updated national
NDMA, MFDP Legislature UNDP
budgetary allotment for NDMA budgeting policy
2.2.4 Increase financial Various national
Strategy for Multi-lateral donor
resource allocation to NDMA NDMA, MFDP development
resources agencies
for DRR implementation programmes, i.e.

89
 mobilization and IWRM, WASH, NAPA,
leverage ICZM, etc.
2.2.5 Provide logistical and
infrastructural support and Multi-lateral donor
Office equipment NDMA MACs
information resources for agencies
NDMA
Annual NPDRR
2.3.1 Establish national meeting or
platform for disaster risk National fourm on
UNDP, WB, other INGOs in
reduction with the consensus safe growth, NDMA, MFDP National stakeholders
Liberia
on the terms of reference of all resilience, and
existing structures sustainable
Action 2.3
development
National Disaster
2.3.2 Establish National
Risk Management
Emergency Operational Centers
System (district,
(NEOC) while supporting
county, and
decentralization of
national levels) NEOC, LEOCs NDMA, MOH MACs UNDP
responsibilities and resources
strengthened
for DRR to all counties, districts,
chiefdoms and other local
communities
National strategy
2.3.3 Develop and implement
for resource International development
national strategy for resource MFDP, NDMA MACs
mobilization; partners
mobilization
funding pool
2.4.1 Develop a coordination
Protocol on
strategy for disaster risk
National DRM NDMA, MFDP MACs UNDP
reduction in Liberia in
coordination
collaboration with stakeholders
2.4.2 Organize coordination
Stakeholder
meetings to discuss work plans,
Roundtable
achievements, experiences and NDMA, MFDP MACs UNDP
meetings, thematic
Action 2.4 lessons learnt in DRR
workshops
Coordination implementation
mechanisms for 2.4.3 Produce and disseminate
disaster risk monthly/quarterly/yearly
Communication
reduction newsletters, dramas, jingles & NDMA MACs UNDP
materials
strengthened plays for visual learners &
illiterate people
2.4.4 Strengthen roles and TOR of the national
responsibilities of national DRM system’s
NDMA, MFDP MACs UNDP
platform for Disaster Risk functions and
Reduction services
2.4.5 Promote networking at all Stakeholder
MACs, local
levels and put in place roundtable NDMA, MFDP UNDP
jurisdictions
mechanism by which meetings, Annual

90
 stakeholders from different National Forum –
background are included Networking session
2.5.1 Organize disaster risk
reduction awareness meetings Periodic thematic
for policy makers and other key workshops (Policy NDMA, MFDP MACs INGOs in Liberia
government officials/decision dialogue)
makers
2.5.2 Conduct training and
study tours for policy makers Short-term sessions
and other key government on DRM, study NDMA, MFDP MACs INGOs in Liberia
officials on disaster risk tours
reduction
2.5.3 Advocate and consult for
integration of DRR into
development plans such as Pro-
Action 2.5
Poor Agenda and align with Thematic policy
Consultation and NDMA, MFDP MACs INGOs in Liberia
sustainable development goals, workshops
advocacy for
and other national documents
pollical
like decentralization and gender
commitment,
policies, etc.
responsibility and
2.5.4 Allocate resources for the
accountability
development and
strengthened
implementation of DRR policies,
programs, laws and regulations
on DRR in all relevant sectors Funding pool NDMA, MFDP MACs Mullti-lateral donors
and authorities at all levels of
administration, and budgets on
the basis of clearly prioritized
actions
2.5.5 Develop strategies or
Plans for partnership with
private sector, and other key CSOs, NGOs, Private
MoU on PPP NDMA, MFDP UNDP
stakeholders including sector
development partners in policy
and legislation development
2.6.1 Develop and implement
Sectoral DRR M&E
sectoral M & E systems for NDMA, MFDP MACs INGOs in Liberia
systems
Action 2.6 disaster risk reduction activities
Monitoring and 2.6.2 Develop an M & E system
evaluation for implementation of the
National DRR M&E
management National Action Plan for NDMA, MFDP MACs INGOs in Liberia
system
systems developed disaster risk reduction at all
and implemented/ levels.
operationalized 2.6.3 Implement the
monitoring and evaluation M&E Feedback
NDMA, MFDP MACs INGOs in Liberia
feedback loop system as Loop System
required

91
 2.6.4 Document lessons learned
and best practices gathered
Periodic reports NDMA MACs INGOs inLiberia
from feedback and data to
inform future interventions.

Priority Area 3: Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for resilience

3.1.1 Relocate population

Reduced
residing in flood-prone areas
population NDMA, MIA Local jurisdiction INGOs in Liberia
below the elevation of 2 m
exposure
above mean sea level
3.1.2 Enhance the drainage
Action 3.1: Reduce
capacity of the flood-prone Reduced flood-
and control the MPW, NDMA MOT, MIA WB, AfDB
areas in the inland of Liberia prone areas
risks associated
along major road networks
with flood, coastal
3.1.3 Protect mangroves and Protected
erosion and MME local
beaches against mining, coastal mangroves and EPA, NDMA GCF
windstorms in the jurisductions
erosion and sea level rise beaches
Monrovia area
3.1.4 Build, upgrade and
protect health and educational Revamp
facilities that are safe from educational and MOE, MOH, NDMA, LACE, MPW WHO, UNFDP
natural hazards and resilient healthcare facilities
from epidemic disasters
3.2.1 Relocate population
residing in flood-prone areas Well organized
NDMA, LRRRC MFDP, NHA, LISGIS
below the elevation of 2 m relocation plan
above mean sea levels
3.2.2 Enhance the drainage
Action 3.2 Reduce Inland drainage
capacity of flood-prone areas in
and control the improvement MOT LLA, MPW WB, AfDB, Bi-lateral donors
the inland of Liberia along
risks associated programme
major road networks
with flood, coastal
3.2.3 Protect mangroves and Protected or
erosion and
beaches against mining, coastal restored mangrove EPA LMA, MME GCF
windstorms in the
erosion and sea level rise areas
focus counties
3.2.4 Build, upgrade and
protect health and educational
Climate-resilient
facilities that are safe from MOE, MOH WASH
facilities
natural hazards and resilient
from epidemic disasters
3.3.1 Conduct agricultural
Action 3.3 Reduce Agricultural risk
development vulnerability and MOA NDMA, LISGIS WFP, FAO
and control the profile
risk assessment
risks of agricultural
production against 3.3.2 Protect, update, and Protected
MPW, NDMA, MOT,
flood, coastal maintain agricultural irrigation agricultral MOA WFP, FAO
EPA
systems infrastructure

92
erosion and
3.3.3 Introduce climate tolerant Increased food
windstorms MOA CARI, LACRA, CDA IFAD, FAO, IITA, WFP
food crops varieties security
Protected climate-
3.3.4 Promote integrated GROW, IDH, GEF, GCF,
sensitive MOA MPW, FDA, RPAL
agroforestry Norway, DFAID, FAO, WB
ecosystems
National standards
3.3.5 Promote climate-resilient and guidelines for
agricultural development for Climate-resilient MOA EPA WFP, FAO
enhancing food security agricultural
development
Enhanced capacity
3.3.6 strengthen capacities in Universities, Acadmic
in agricultural
risk reduction and control in UL, MOE Institutions , EPA, UNDP, WB, MDB,
development risk
agricultural production NPHIL,
management
Facility
3.4.1 Conduct facility
vulnerability
vulnerability assessment for NDMA, MPW, MOT,
profiles for health MOE, MOH UNDP
both health and education LISGIS
and education
sectors
sectors
3.4.2 Relocate health and
Action 3.4 Build, No critical facilities
educational facilities located in MPW, NPHIL, NDMA,
upgrade and in low-lying costal MOE, MOH WHO, UNICEF, WB, UNDP
the hazard-prone areas below MOT
protect health and areas (<2 m ASL)
the elevation of 2 m AMSL.
educational
facilities that are 3.4.3 Promote climate and
safe from natural disaster resilient health and
Standards and
hazards and educational facilities that are
guidelines for
resilient from safe from natural hazards and MOE, MOH MPW, NDMA WHO, UNICEF, WB, UNICEF
climate-resilient
epidemic disasters resilient from epidemic
infratructure
disasters, as well as climate
changes
Informed
3.4.4 Provide awareness on the knowledge on
NPHIL, WASH, MOE,
effect of schistosomiasis and preventable health MoH UNDP, WHO, FAO, MSF,
Media outlet, MICAT
other health related diseases related diseases
increased
3.5.1 Encourage the sustainable
use and management of
Action 3.5 ecosystems through better
Environmental and land-use planning, climate Protected
EPA NDMA GCF
natural resource resilience agriculture, carbon ecosystems
management financing and development
practice improved activities to reduce risk and
vulnerabilities
3.5.2 Implement integrated Risk-senstive NDMA,FDA,NaFAA,
EPA GCF
environmental and natural environmental and MOA

93
 resource management that natural resources
incorporates disaster risk management policy
reduction and strategy
3.5.3 Promote integration of
risk reduction associated with
existing climate variability and National policy for
EPA, NDMA,
future climate change into integrating DRR MACS, GCF
MACS
strategies for the reduction of and CCA
disaster risk and adaptation to
climate change
3.6.1 Improve food security to
Food security
ensure resilience of MOA, NDMA MIA, NaFAA, WFP,FAO
policy and strategy
communities to disasters
3.6.2 Integrate disaster risk
reduction planning into the
Revised school WB, UNDP,FAO, WHO,
health sector, ensuring that all MOH, NDMA MOH,MPW,EPA, MOA,
safety code UNICEF
new hospitals built are climate-
and disaster-resilient
3.6.3 Properly build, retrofit
and rebuilt critical public
National policy and
facilities and physical
strategey for
infrastructure, particularly
Critical , MPW, NDMA MACs WB, AfDB
schools, clinics, hospitals, water
Infrastructure
and power plants,
Protection (CIP)
communications and transport
Action 3.6 Socio- lifelines, and other structures
economic 3.6.4 Advance implementation
development at of social safety-net mechanisms
Scoial safety-net
national and local to assist vulnerable population MIA, NDMA MACs UN AIDS, WHO, UNICEF
mechanism
levels including People Living with
strengthened Aids (PLWA)
3.6.5 Incorporate disaster risk PDNA, Pre-disaster
UNDP, WB, EuropeAid,
reduction measures into post- recovery plan,
NDMA, MFDP MACs WFP, LNRCS, SAVE THE
disaster recovery and Post-disaster
CHILDREN,ACDI/VOCA
rehabilitation processes recovery plan
3.6.6 Promote diversified
income options for populations
Cash programm MOA, NDMA LNRCS, NGOs INGOs in Liberia
in high-risk areas including loan
provision for agriculture
3.6.7 Promote the development
National Disaster
of financial risk-sharing Intl. & regional financial
Risk Financing LRA, NASSCORP, Private
mechanisms, particularly NDMA, MFDP institutions, i.e. WB,
strategy and sector
Insurance and reinsurance AfDB/ACP
mechanisms
against disasters
3.6.8 Promote the
establishment of public–private MOU on PPP NDMA Private sector UNDP
partnerships

94
 3.6.9 Develop and promote Liberia-specific
alternative and innovative alternative and Intl. and regional donors
NDMA, MFDP MACs
financial instruments for innovative financial and financial institutions
addressing disaster risk instruments
3.7.1 Incorporate disaster risk
Local DRR plans
assessments into the urban and
and their Local jurisdictions,
rural planning and management NDMA, MFDP INGOs in Liberia
integration with MACs
of hazard-prone areas
development plans
Action 3.7 Land-
3.7.2 Mainstream disaster risk
use planning and SOP for risk-
considerations into planning
other technical informed public
procedures for major MFDP, NDMA MACs UNDP
measures at local investment
infrastructure projects
and national levels planning
improved
3.7.3 Review and revise existing
and/or develop new building
Risk-informed
codes, standards, and
normarive NDMA, MPW MACs UNDP
rehabilitation and
framework
reconstruction practices at the
local or national levels
3.8.1 Ensure the
implementation of the One Guielines for
MOH, WORLD BANK, WHO,
Health strategy for effective implementing One MACs
NDMA,MOA, UNDP,FAO,AfDB
Action 3.8 linkages among all relevant Health Strategy
Comprehensive MACs at all levels
One Health 3.8.2 Strengthen DRM DRM Responsive
MOH,MOA, NDMA, MACS, Local WHO,WORLD BANK,
strategy for public component of the One Health ONE HEALTH
EPA,FDA Jurisdiction FAO ,AfDB
health diseases strategy strategy
and events 3.8.3 Conduct comprehensive Health risk
NDMA, MACS, Local WHO, FAO,WORLD BANK,
integrated into One Health risk assessment at hotspots and MOH,MOA,
jurisdiction AfDB
DRM policies and all levels profiles
activities 3.8.4 Assess impacts of
disasters and respond to the PDNA (Social NDMA, MACS, Local WHO, FAO,WORLD BANK,
MOH,MOA,
needs of affected population Sector) jurisdiction AfDB
(animal/human).

Priority Area 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build back better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

4.1.1 Develop/strengthen
people-centered early warning
Action 4.1 People-
systems for all hazards at all
centered early
levels, taking into account the
warning systems MHEWSs NDMA MACs, UNDP INGOs in Liberia
demographic, gender, cultural
enhanced
and livelihood activities of the
target audience

95
 4.1.2 Use science and
technology to improve real- Academic institutions,
Innivative data tool NDMA INGOs in Liberia
time early warning early action universities
data for response preparedness
4.1.3 Establish baseline
information on various hazards
National DRR
(i.e., floods, fire, mudslide, etc.) NDMA MACs UNDP
baselines
and map out hazard-prone
areas
4.1.4 Establish and periodically
review and maintain NDMA, LIGIS,
Upodate of NRIS MACs UNDP
information systems as part of EPA
DRR and early warning systems
4.1.5 Integrate early warning
systems into government
Protocol on Early
policy, decision making
Warning and Early NDMA MACs UNDP
processes and emergency
Action (EWEA)
management systems at all
levels
4.1.6 Improve coordination and
cooperation among all relevant
sectors and actors in early Protocol on
warning chain, in line with Coordination of NDMA MACs UNDP
recommendations from the EWEA
Third Conference on Early
Warning held in Germany
Updated
4.2.1 Develop, review and
guidelines, SOPs, NPHIL, EPA, LLAs, MoH,
update guidelines, SOPs and
and tools for rapid NDMA NGOs, CSOs and INGOs in Liberia
tools for rapid assessments and
assessment and NWASHC
EPR
EPR
4.2.2 Map out all possible NPHIL, EPA, LLAs, MoH,
Logistic hub
logistic hubs for response NDMA NGOs, CSOs and INGOs in Liberia
database
Action 4.2 planning in Liberia NWASHC
Emergency 4.2.3 Establish local and NPHIL, EPA, LLAs, MoH,
Professional
preparedness and national level emergency NDMA NGOs, CSOs and INGOs in Liberia
emergency teams
response systems response teams NWASHC
improved 4.2.4 Conduct training on
Short-term traning MOH, NPHIL, LLAs, EPA,
emergency preparedness and NDMA INGOs in Liberia
sessions CSOs, NGOs
response
4.2.5 Prepare and periodically
update disaster preparedness
NPHIL, LRRRC, EPA,
and contingency plans and SOPs Updated CPs and
NDMA LLAs, CSOs, NGOS and INGOs in Liberia
at all levels with particular focus SOPs
NWASHC
on the most vulnerable areas
and groups

96
 4.2.6 Undertake regular
disaster preparedness
exercises/simulations including
Simulation NPHIL, LLAs, LRRRC,
evacuation drills, with focus on NDMA INGOs in Liberia
exercises CSAs, NGOs, MOA
marginalized groups to ensure
rapid and effective disaster
response
4.2.7 Establish local/traditional
people-centered Multi-hazard
MHEWS NDMA MACs UNDP
Early Warning Systems (MH-
EWSs)
4.2.8 Establish and equip local
MACs, Local
and national emergency NEOC, LEOCs NDMA UNDP
jurisdictions
operation centers (EOCs)
4.2.9 Establish, build capacity
and operationalize the National
NDMTC NDMA MACs UNDP
Disaster Management Technical
Committee (NDMTC)
4.3.1 Identify and implement
early recovery activities during LLAs, MOA, MOH, MOE,
PDNA, Early
early phase of humanitarian NDMA LRRRC, MGCSP, CSOs, INGOs in Liberia, i.e. UNDP
recovery planning
operations NGOs

4.3.2 Implement recovery

schemes including psycho-social
support, cash transfer programs
Recovery schemes
to mitigate psychological
Action 4.3 Disaster for vulnerable LAs, MOH, MGCSP,
impacts on vulnerable NDMA INGOs in Liberia
Risk Mitigation, population and CSOs, NGOs
population and protection of
Recovery and SGBV
victims of violence including
Resilience
sexual and gender-based
Measures
violence (SGBV)
Strengthened
4.3.3 Integrate disaster risk
reduction into emergency Risk-informed
management and response Disaster MIA, MFDP, LLAs,
NDMA UNDP
strategies at local and national Management MGCSP
and local levels Strategy

4.3.4 Mobilize resources for

Funding pool for
implementation of contingency
disaster NDMA MFDP, CSOs, NGOs INGOs in Libertia
plans, operating centers,
management
simulations, etc.

Note: Color – RED – High Priority, Orange – Medium Priority, BLUE – Low Priority; Timeframe of Implementation: S – Short-term (0-3 years), M – Medium term (3-5 years), L – Long-term (5-10 years);
Indicative inputs/budget - (need to consider the implementation modality. Many activities require engaging international consultants.)

97
Annex 15. Existing opportunities and entry for integrating DRR Interventions

Sector Sectoral Development Plans Programmes & Projects

• President Young Professional Program (2009)

• National Poverty Reduction Strategy (2007)
• Strengthening National Capacity for Development Effectiveness Project (2012)
• Intern Poverty Reduction Strategy (2008)
• Public Sector ModernizationProject (2014)
• County Development Agenda (2008)
National • Public Sector Modernization Project for Liberia (2014)
• Agenda for Transformation (2012-2017) Pro-poor Agenda for Prosperity and
Development • Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Rural Finance Projects in Liberia (2017)
Development (2018-2023)
• Public Sector Investment Projects
• National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS 2015-2025)
• National Cadet Program (2018)
• MFDP strategic plan (2019)
• ECOWAS Volunteers Program (EVP) (2018)

• Comprehensive assessment of the agriculture sector in Liberia: Volume 4,

Crosscutting Issues (2007)
• Liberia Agriculture Sector investment program (LASIP) (2010)
• National policy for agricultural extension and advisory services, July 2012
• West Africa agricultural productivity programme (WAAPP-1C Liberia) (2011)
• Agricultural policy in Liberia: A vision for the future (2014)
Agriculture • SAPEC Project (2012)
• Climate risk management strategy and action plan for specific subsectors of
• Smallholder Tree Crop Revitalization Support Project (STCRSP/IFAD) (2013)
the agriculture sector (GEF project, 2014 )
• Sector scan: The agriculture sector in Liberia (2017)
• School Garden Program, 1901 - Community of Hope Agriculture Project Update to
Liberia MOA (2019)

• Collaborative Management Association (CMA)(2018)

Fisheries • West Africa Regional Fisheries Project (WARFP)-Liberia (2017)
• National Fisheries and Aquaculture Management and Development Act (2019)

• Expansion of the Protected Area Network (EXPAN) (2009)

• National forest environmental policy (2003) • Consolidation of Protected Area Network (COPAN)(2010)
• National biodiversity strategy and action plan (2004) • Forest Law Enforcement, Governance & Trade (FLEGT) (2013)
• National forestry policy and implementation strategy (2006) • Forest Governance, Markets & Climate (2015)
• National forest management strategy (2007) • Liberia Forest Sector Project (LSP) (2016)
Forestry • Liberia protected areas network strategic plan (2008) • Conservation of the biodiversity in Tai-Grebo-Sapo complex (2016)
• Community forest management plan (2009) • Conservation of Ecosystem and International Water Resources and Management of
• Land administration policy (2015) the Mano River union (2016)
• National wild life and protected areas Of Liberia Act (2016) • Scaling Up the Participation of SME in the secondary wood processing industries in
Liberia (2018)

Natural
• • IWRM Mano River (2014)
Resources
Environment & • National Climate Change Response Strategy (2018) • NAP-CCA Programme (2016)
Climate Change • Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) (2018) • Cross Cutting Capacity Development Program(2017)

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 • • Reforestation Program
• Advancing Youth Projects (USAID)(2012-2017)
• Liberia Teacher Training Program II (LTTP)(2013)
• Girls’ Opportunities to Access Learning (2016)
• Education Sector Plan (2010-2020)
• Liberia Education Advancement Program (LEAP)(2016)
Education • Getting to Best Education Sector Plan (2017-2021)
• Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) (2015-2020)
• Ten-Year Strategic Educational Plan (2018-2028)
• Liberia Partnership Schools (LSP) Projects (2016-2020)
• READ Liberia (USAID)(2017-2022)
• Early Grade Reading Support (2018)
• National Public Health Strategy (2015)
• National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) (2018 – 2022)
• The Road to Recovery Rebuilding Liberia’s Health System (2012)
• A Report of the CSIS (Centre for Strategic International Studies)
• Investment Plan for Building a Resilient Health System in Liberia (2015 to • The REDISSE project (2019)
Health 2021)
• In response to the Ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014 – 2015
• National Health and Social Welfare Financing Policy and Plan (NHSWFPP)
• National Health and Social Policy and Plan (2011-2022)
• National Public Health Institute of Liberia Act 2017
Water,
• WASH Strategic Plan (2011-2017) • Water Supply and Sanitation in Liberia Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and
sanitation • Water Safety Plan of Liberia (2019) Beyond
hygiene
Security& • National Defence Act(2009)
Emergency • Military Support to Civil Authority (MSCA plan) (2014) National Security Strategy of the Republic of Liberia (NSSRL) (2017)
Management • National Disaster Relief Plan; National DRR Action Plan (2018-2022)

Transport • National Transport Master Plan (2012) -

Mines & energy - • LACEEP & Coastal Défense Project(2010)

Information • MICAT Regular Thursday Press Briefing (2011)

Technology and - • MICAT Outreach Program
Communication • Fiber Optic Connectivity (LIBTELCO)(2017)
• Expansion Projects (2014)
• Fire and Medical Emergency Evacuation Response Plan (2015)
• Liberia Accelerated Electricity Expansion Project (LACEEP) & LACEEP-Additional
• Oil Spill Response Plan (OSRP) (2014)
Financing (WB funded) (2015)
• Occupational Health Safety (OHS) System Management Implementation
• Monrovia Consolidation Project (EU funded) (2018)
(2015)
Electricity • Liberia Energy Efficiency Access Project (LEEAP)- (ELWA-RIA Corridor & Pleebo-Fish
• Risk Assessment Management
Town Corridor)-jointly funded by AFDB, EU and GEF) (2015)
• OHS Committee Roles and Responsibilities (2015)
• Electrification & Grid Upgrade Project (funded by KFW Bank of Germany) (2012)
• Portable Fire Extinguisher Plan (2015)
• OHS Training Plan
• Generation project (2019)

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 • Mt. Coffee Hydropower plant rehabilitation project (MCAL/US Govt.)(2012-2018)
• WAPP Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea (CLSG) transmission
interconnection project (2017)

Commerce,
- -
Trade & Industry
• Liberia Social Safety Net Project (2016) Gender and Social Inclusion Project
• UNICEF Support to Ebola Affected Families (2014-2016)
• Vulnerable Girls Program (2013)
• National Social Protection Policy and Strategy (2013)
• Gender-based Violence Joint Program
Social • MGCSP Strategic Plan (2016)
• Joint Program for Women Economic Empowerment (2014-2020)
Protection • Child Protection Policy and plan (2017)
• ECOWAS Strategic Framework for Strengthening Child Protection Systems and its
• National Gender-based Action Plan (2017)
Strategic Action Plan (2019-2023)
• Gender Responsive Planning and Budget Policy (GRPB) (2019-2023)
• ECOWAS Girls of Excellence Program (2019)

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Annex 16. Proposed indicators system for measuring strategic goals and objectives
Goals Objectives Proposed Indicators
I1.1.1 Number or percentage of the exposed population in the coastal low-lying areas below the
elevation of 2 m above mean sea level reduced
Objective 1.1 Significantly reduce the exposure of I1.1.2 Number or percentage of exposed population in the coastal low-lying areas between 2
population in hazard-prone areas by 2027. and 5 m above mean sea level protected
I1.1.3 Number or percentage of exposed population in the coastal low-lying areas between 5-10
m above mean sea level with raised risk awareness
Goal 1: Significantly Objective 1.2 Significantly reduce the number and extent of I1.2.1 Number or percentage of the flood-prone areas reduced or protected
reduce and control the flood-prone areas by 2027. I1.2.2 Area of the flood-prone areas reduced or protected
Objective 1.3 Effectively protect and manage coastal I1.3.1 Area of the mangroves protected or restored
risks associated with
ecosystems, i.e. mangroves and beaches, against coastal I1.3.2 Length of the beach protected against coastal erosion and mining
flood, coastal erosion and erosion and sea level rise, by 2023. I1.3.3 Area of the coastal ecosystems protected or restored
windstorms. I1.4.1 Number of healthcare facilities upgraded and protected
Objective 1.4 Build, upgrade and protect healthcare and
I1.4.2 Number of educational facilities upgraded and protected
educational facilities that are safe from natural hazards and
I1.4.3 Number of climate- and disaster-resilient healthcare facilities built
resilient from epidemic disasters, by 2027.
I1.4.4 climate- and disaster-resilient educational facilities built
I1.5.1 Length of existing roads upgraded to increase drainage capacity
Objective 1.5 Construct roads without creating new flood I1.5.2 Length of new roads constructed with increased drainage capacity
risks to local communities by 2023. I1.5.3 Length of feeder roads with drainage capacity constructed in rural areas
I1.5.4 Number of drainage structure upgraded and constructed
I2.1.1 Number of governmental institutions with a clear role and responsibilities defined in
Objective 2.1 Clarify the roles and responsibilities of all providing key functions or services of the national DRM system
national stakeholders in providing key DRM functions and I2.1.2 Number of national CSOs and NGOs with a clear role and responsibilities defined in
services, by 2023. providing key functions or services of the national DRM system
I2.1.3 Number of local jurisdictions that are taking actions to prepare local DRR plans
Objective 2.2 Strengthen the institutional capacity of NDMA
Goal 2: Establish a and DRR platform members in supporting DRR planning, I2.2.1 Number of functions or services of the national DRM system that NDMA is able to provide
managing climate/disaster risk information, providing I2.2.2Number of technical professionals that are competent for providing NDMA’s services in
functioning national DRM technical training, and coordinating risk DRR
system. awareness/advocacy campaign activities by 2027.
Objective 2.3 Establish various thematic coordination
I3.3.1 Number of thematic coordination mechanisms strengthened
mechanisms in among all national stakeholders in various
I3.3.2 Number of thematic coordination mechanisms established
formats, by 2030.
Objective 2.4 Develop long-term International collaboration
I3.4.1 Number of long-term partnerships with international organizations established
and partnerships to support the implementation of the
I3.4.2 Number of collaborative relationships established
national DRR and resilience strategy of Liberia, by 2023.
Objective 3.1 National DRR and resilience strategy
Goal 3: Develop national developed and officially adopted by all the national I3.3.1 National DRR and resilience strategy officially endorsed by the stakeholders
and local DRR strategies stakeholders by 2020.
and action plans and fully Objective 3.2 National DRR and Resilience strategy
I3.2.1 Number of sectoral development strategies that respond to the goals and objectives of
integrate into various the national DRR and resilience strategy
integrated into sectoral development strategies and plans
I3.2.2 Number of sectoral development plans that respond to the priority actions and activities
development plans. by 2027.
of the national DRR and resilience strategy

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 Objective 3.3 All districts are supported to develop DRR
I3.3.1 Number of local jurisdictions supported to develop DRR strategies and plans
strategies and action plans by 2030.
I3.4.1 Number of local jurisdictions that have integrated the local DRR strategies or action plans
Objective 3.4 All district DRR strategies and action plans are
into their comprehensive development plans
fully integrated into local comprehensive development
I3.4.2 Percentage of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction
plans by 2030.
strategies in line with national strategies
I4.1.1 Number of nation-wide hazard maps of various kinds for the major hazards prevailing in
Objective 4.1 National Data Infrastructure (NDI), including the country
Disaster database, established to support National hazard I1.4.2 Number of georeferenced datasets of the target elements at risk developed with a
mapping and risk hotspot profiling, by 2023. complete set of attributes populated
Goal 4: Fully-functioning I1.4.3 Number of base data and maps compiled and ready for use in hazard and risk assessment
National Risk Information I1.4.4 Number of datasets that are subjected to Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QAQC)
I4.2.1 Number of Detailed hazards maps of various kinds for the major hazards prevailing in the
System (NRIS) established Objective 4.2 Detailed hazard maps and risk hotspot profiles
country
to be accessible to the developed to refine the baselines national DRR, by2023.
I4.2.2 Number of risk hotspot profiles developed or updated
public and decision I4.3.1 Number of Multi-hazard Early Warning Systems (MEWS) established
making. I4.3.2 (SFDRR G-3) Number of people per 100,000 that are covered by early warning
Objective 4.3 People-centered Multi-hazard Early Warning information through local governments or through national dissemination mechanisms.
Systems established by 2027. I4.3.3 (SFDRR G-4) Percentage of local governments having a plan to act on early warnings.
I4.3.4 (SFDRR G-6) Percentage of population exposed to or at risk from disasters protected
through pre-emptive evacuation following early warning.
I5.1.1 Number of local DRR plans guided by NDMA
Goal 5: Long-term Objective 5.1 National DRR Planning Support Programme
I5.1.2 Number of local DRR plans reviewed by NDMA
established by 2023 and operationalized within the NDMA
national support structure by 2027.
I5.1.3 Number of local DRR plans approved by NDMA
programmes established I5.1.4 Number of local DRR plans implemented with support from NDMA
Objective 5.2National Community-based Risk Awareness I5.2.1 Number of vulnerable communities with raised risk awareness and good knowledge of
through extensive Campaign Programme established by 2023 and good construction practice
international operationalized within the NDMA structure by 2027. I5.2.2 Number of vulnerable population with raised risk awareness
collaboration and Objective 5.3 National DRM training programme established
I5.3.1 Number of training sessions delivered
partnerships. by 2023 and operationalized within the NDMA structure by
I5.3.2 Number of persons trained
2027.
Objective 6.1 National annual budget lines established to
I6.1.1 Percentage of annual budget allocated to implement the national DRR and resilience
provide a seed fund to support national and local DRR
strategy 2020-2030
planning by 2023.
I6.2.1 (SFDRR F-1) Total official international support, (official development assistance (ODA)
Goal 6: Adequate
plus other official flows), for national disaster risk reduction actions (financial resources)
financing mechanisms I6.2.2 (SFDRR F-2) Total official international support, (official development assistance (ODA)
established to support plus other official flows), for national disaster risk reduction actions by multi-lateral agencies
Objective 6.2 Collaboration and partnerships of various
the sustainability of (financial resources)
formats, such as Technical Assistance (TA), established with
I6.2.3 (SFDRR F-3) Total official international support, (official development assistance (ODA)
implementing DRR key global funds, international and regional financial
plus other official flows), for national disaster risk reduction actions by bi-laterally (financial
strategy and action plans. institutions, and bi-lateral donors by 2023.
resources)
I6.2.4 (SFDRR F-4) Total official international support, (official development assistance (ODA)
plus other official flows), for the transfer and exchange of disaster risk reduction-related
technology (financial resources, technology development and transfer)

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 I6.2.5 (SFDRR F-5) Number of international, regional and bilateral programmes and initiatives
for the transfer and exchange of science, technology and innovation in disaster risk reduction
(Technology development and transfer)
I6.2.6 (SFDRR F-6) Total official international support (ODA plus other official flows) for disaster
risk reduction capacity-building (Financial resources, capacity building)
I6.2.7 (SFDRR F-7) Number of international, regional and bilateral programmes and initiatives
for DRR-related capacity building (capacity building)
Objective 6.3 National strategy for resource mobilization
and grant management developed and implemented by I6.3.1 National strategy for resource mobilization and grant management in place
2023.

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Annex 17. Contributions of DRR interventions to national strategies and global agendas.
Proposed Actions Activities NDRRS PAPD SFDRR SDG PCA

Priority Area 1: Understanding disaster risk

1.1.1 Establish National Data Infrastructure (NDI) to
support hazard mapping and risk hotspot G1/O4.1 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
identification
1.1.2 Conduct comprehensive hazard assessment
G1/O4.2 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
and mapping for major hazards
1.1.3 Develop detailed hazard maps and risk
G1/O4.2 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
hotspot profiles developed to refine DRR baselines
1.1.4 Develop a national database/dashboard to
G1/O4.1 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
collect and manage disaster information
1.1.5 Develop/adapt a user-friendly risk
G4/4.2 Target G Target 13.1, 13.3 Article 7, 8
identification and assessment tool
1.1.6 Provide trainings to institutions and
Action 1.1 Fully-functioning G5/O5.3 Target G Target 13.1, 13.3 Article 7, 8
communities on risk assessment/identification
National Risk Information
1.1.7 Establish risk and vulnerability assessment
System (NRIS) established to G2/O2.2 Pillar 1 Target G Target 13.1 Article 7, 8
committees in local governments
be accessible to the public
1.1.8 Promote utilization of traditional indigenous
and decision making G5/O5.1 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7, 8
knowledge during disaster risk assessment
1.1.9 Conduct local and national level risk
G4/O4.2 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7, 8
assessments
1.1.10 Develop and implement computerized
information management system for risk G4/O4.1 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7, 8
assessment
1.1.11 Facilitate improved communication and
information exchange among stakeholders on risk G3/O2.3 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7, 8
assessment/outcomes
1.1.12 Improve integration and coordination of risk
identification and assessment processes and G3/O2.3 - Target 13.1 Article 7, 8
interventions
1.2.1 Disseminate and communicate risk
information and get feedback during all phases of G5/O5.2 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
disaster management
1.2.2 Strengthen and expand the role of media in
disaster risk reduction (i.e. talk shows on radio and
Action 1.2 Public awareness G2/O2.1 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
television, social media, community-based radio
and information on disaster
stations and town criers) Pillar 1
risk reduction improved
1.2.3 Establish forums amongst relevant MACs,
NGOs, and other national and local disaster
G2/O2.3 - Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
management stakeholders for experience-sharing
in DRR
1.2.4 Strengthen the role of traditional and religious
G2/O2.1 - Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
leaders, women, youth and other vulnerable groups

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 to participate in and be represented in public
awareness and information exchange
1.2.5 Develop and standardize Information,
Education & Communication (IEC) materials for risk G5/O5.2 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
awareness raising
1.3.1 Integrate DRR into the educational sector and
provide trainings on how to mainstream Disaster G5/O5.3 Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
Risks Reduction into development planning
1.3.2 Promote implementation of local risk
assessment and disaster preparedness in schools
G5/O5.3 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
and institutions of higher learning taking
cognizance of gender and cultural sensitivities
1.3.3 Develop DRR training and learning programs
targeted at specific sectors (i.e. development
planners, emergency managers, local government G5/O5.3 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
Action 1.3 Knowledge officials, women-led CSOs and other vulnerable
systems for DRR improved groups, etc.) Pillar 1
1.3.4 Conduct community-based training initiatives
on disaster risk reduction, using volunteers, where
G5/O5.3 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
appropriate, with wide promotion of women’s
participation
1.3.5 Promote engagement of media to stimulate a
sustained culture of resilience and strong G5/O5.3 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
community participation in education campaigns
1.3.6 Develop improved research methods for
predictive multi-risk assessments and socio-
G2/O2.2 Target G Target 4.7, 13.1, 13.3 Article 8
economic cost benefit analysis and legal
ramifications of risk reduction actions
1.4.1 Develop and periodically update and
disseminate risk maps and related information to all
G4/O4.2 Target G Target 4.7, 13.2, 13.b Article 8
decision makers and communities at risk in an
appropriate format
1.4.2 Develop systems of indicators of disaster risk
and vulnerability, share with all stakeholders and
G2/O2.1 Targets A, B, C, D Target 4.7 Article 8
Action 1.4 Integration of risk use to assess impact of disasters on social, culture,
identification into policy and economic and environmental conditions
strategic plans development 1.4.3 Record, analyze, summarize and disseminate
process, and use of risk statistical information on disaster occurrence, G4/O4.1 Pillar 1 Targets A, B, C, D Target 4.7 Article 8
outcomes in development impacts and losses
plans improved 1.4.4 Integrate disaster risk identification and
mitigation measures into national development G3/O3.1, O3.2, O3.3,
Target E Target 4.7, 13.2, 13.b Article 8
policies, programs and strategies from a gender O3.4
perspective
1.4.5 Analyze, monitor and report on long-term
changes and emerging issues that might increase
G4/O4.2 Target G Target 4.7 Article 8
risk and vulnerability or capacity to respond to
disasters

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Priority Area 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
2.1.1 Implement and mainstream National Disaster
Risk Management Policy integrated into national G3/O3.1, O3.2, O3.3,
Target E Target 13.2 Article 7
developmental plans such as the Pro-poor Agenda O3.4
Action 2.1 The 2012 National and the Vision 2030
Disaster Risk Management 2.1.2 Conduct regular monitoring and evaluation in
G4/O4.2 Pillar 4 Target G - Article 7
Policy implemented the context of sustainable development
2.1.3 Create and implement nationwide
information sharing and dissemination platform
G4/O4.1 Target G - Article 7
and to include a National early warning and
response
2.2.1 Develop and implement a human resource
strategy for NDMA (to include recruitment
procedures, staff competence and expertise,
G2/O2.2 - Target 13.1 Article 7
provide training, structure, reporting mechanisms,
retention strategy, motivation and mainstreaming
Action 2.2 National Disaster gender in employment.
Management Agency
2.2.2 Link NDMA to existing line ministries/agencies
strengthened, as the central
with trained human resources and capacity on both G2/O2.3 Pillar 4 - Target 13.1 Article 7
Disaster Risk Management
national and local levels
body
2.2.3 Ensure appropriate budgetary allotment for
G6/O6.1 - Target 13.1 Article 7
NDMA
2.2.4 Increase financial resource allocation to
G6/O6.2 Target F Target 13.1 Article 7
NDMA for DRR implementation
2.2.5 Provide logistical and infrastructural support
G2/O2.2 - Target 13.1 Article 7
and information resources for NDMA
2.3.1 Establish national platform for disaster risk
reduction with the consensus on the terms of G2/O2.3 - - Article 7
reference of all existing structures
Action 2.3 National Disaster
2.3.2 Establish National Emergency Operational
Risk Management System
Centers (NEOC) while supporting decentralization
(national and local levels) Pillar 4
of responsibilities and resources for DRR to all G2/O2.2 Target G - Article 7
strengthened
counties, districts, chiefdoms and other local
communities.
2.3.3 Develop and implement national strategy for
G6/O6.3 Target F Target 13.1 Article 7
resource mobilization
2.4.1 Develop a coordination strategy for disaster
risk reduction in Liberia in collaboration with G2/O2.3 - Target 13.1 Article 7
stakeholders
Action 2.4 Coordination
2.4.2 Organize coordination meetings to discuss
mechanisms for disaster risk
work plans, achievements, experiences and lessons G2/O2.3 Pillar 4 - Target 13.1 Article 7
reduction strengthened
learnt in DRR implementation
2.4.3 Produce and disseminate
monthly/quarterly/yearly newsletters, dramas, G5/O5.2 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7
jingles & plays for visual learners & illiterate people

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 2.4.4 Strengthen roles and responsibilities of
G2/O2.1 - Target 13.1 Article 7
national platform for disaster risk reduction
2.4.5 Promote networking at all levels and put in
place mechanism by which stakeholders from G2/O2.3 - Target 13.1 Article 7
different background are included
2.5.1 Organize disaster risk reduction awareness
meetings for policy makers and other key G5/O5.2 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7
government officials/decision makers
2.5.2 Conduct training and study tours for policy
makers and other key government officials on G5/O5.3 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7
disaster risk reduction
2.5.3 Advocate and consult for integration of DRR
into development plans such as Pro-Poor Agenda
Action 2.5 Consultation and
and align with sustainable development goal, and G5/O5.2 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7
advocacy for pollical
other national documents like decentralization and
commitment, responsibility Pillar 4
gender policies, etc.
and accountability
2.5.4 Allocate resources for the development and
strengthened
implementation of DRR policies, programs, laws
and regulations on DRR in all relevant sectors and G6/O6.2 Target F Target 13.2, 13.3 Article 7
authorities at all levels of administration, and
budgets on the basis of clearly prioritized actions
2.5.5 Develop strategies or Plans for partnership
with private sector, and other key stakeholders
G2/O2.4; G6/O6.2 Target F Target 13.1 Article 7
including development partners in policy and
legislation development
2.6.1 Develop and implement sectoral M & E Targets A, B, C, D, E,
G4/O4.1 Target 13.1 Article 7
systems for disaster risk reduction activities F, G
Action 2.6 Monitoring and 2.6.2 Develop an M & E system for implementation
Targets A, B, C, D, E,
evaluation management of the National Action Plan for disaster risk G4/O4.1 Target 13.1, 13.3 Article 7
F, G
systems developed and reduction at all levels.
Pillar 4
implemented/ 2.6.3 Implement the monitoring and evaluation
G4/O4.1 - Article 7
operationalized feedback loop system as required
2.6.4 Document lessons Learned and Best Practices
gathered from the feedback and data to inform G5/O5.1, O5.2, O5.2 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7
future interventions.

Priority Area 3: Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for resilience

3.1.1 Relocate population residing in the hazard-

G1/O1.1 Target A.1 Target 1.5 Article 7
Action 3.1 Reduce and prone areas below the elevation of 2 m AMSL
control the risks associated 3.1.2 Enhance the drainage capacity of the flood-
with flood, coastal erosion prone areas in the inland Liberia along the road G1/O1.2 Pillar 3 Target A.2 Target 6.6 Article 7
and windstorms in the network.
Monrovia area. 3.1.3 Protect mangroves and beaches against
G1/O1.3 - Target 6.6 Article 7
mining, coastal erosion and sea level rise

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 3.1.4 Build, upgrade and protect healthcare and
educational facilities that are safe from natural G1/O1.4 Target C Target 4.a Article 7
hazards and resilient from epidemic disasters
3.2.1 Relocate population residing in the hazard-
G1/O1.1 Target A.1 Target 1.5 Article 7
prone areas below the elevation of 2 m AMSL.
3.2.2 Enhance the drainage capacity of the flood-
Action 3.2 Reduce and
prone areas in the inland Liberia along the road G1/O1.2 Target A.2 Target 6.6 Article 7
control the risks associated
network.
with flood, coastal erosion Pillar 3
3.2.3 Protect mangroves and beaches against
and windstorms in the focus G1/O1.3 - Target 6.6 Article 7
mining, coastal erosion and sea level rise
counties28
3.2.4 Build, upgrade and protect healthcare and
educational facilities that are safe from natural G1/O1.4 Target D Target 4.a Article 7
hazards and resilient from epidemic disasters
3.3.1 Conduct vulnerability and risk for agricultural Targets A, B, C, D, E,
G4/O4.1, O4.2 Target 13.1, 13.3 Article 7
development F, G
3.3.2 Protect, upgrade, and maintain agricultural
G1/O1.4 Target D Target 9.1 Article 7
irrigation infrastructure
Action 3.3 Reduce and
control the risks of 3.3.3 Introduce climate-tolerant food crops
G3/O3.2 Pillar 2 - Target 9.1 Article 7
agricultural production varieties
against flood, coastal 3.3.4 Promoted integrated agroforestry G1/O1.3 - Target 15.1 Article 2
erosion and windstorms
3.3.5 Promote climate-resilient agricultural
G3/O3.2 Target D Target 9.2 Article 2
development for enhancing food security
3.3.6 Strengthen capacities in risk reduction and
G5/O5.1 - Target 15.1, 2.4 Article 7
control in agricultural production
3.4.1 Conduct facility vulnerability assessment for Targets A, B, C, D, E,
G4/O4.1, O4.2 Target 13.1, 13.3 Article 7
both health and educational sectors F, G
3.4.2 Relocate health and educational facilities
Action 3.4 Build, upgrade
located in the hazard-prone areas below the G1/O1.4 Target D Target 9.1 Article 7
and protect health and
elevation of 2 m above mean sea level
educational facilities that are
3.4.3 Promote climate and disaster resilient Pillar 1
safe from natural hazards
healthcare and educational facilities that are safe
and resilient from epidemic G3/O3.2 - Target 9.1 Article 7
from natural hazards and resilient from epidemic
disasters
disasters, as well as climate changes
3.4.4 Provide awareness on the effect of
G1/O1.4 Target D Target 3.D Article 8
schistosomiasis and other health-related diseases
3.5.1 Encourage the sustainable use and
management of ecosystems through better land-
Action 3.5 Environmental
use planning, climate resilience agriculture, carbon G1/O1.3 - Target 14.2, Article 7
and natural resource
financing and development activities to reduce risk
management practice Pillar 3
and vulnerabilities.
improved
3.5.2 Implement integrated environmental and
Target 15.1, 15.2,
natural resource management that incorporates G3/O3.2, O3.4 - Article 7
15.3, 15.4, 15.9
disaster risk reduction.

28
Refer to Section 5.3 Table 7 Strategic focus for DRM programming in Liberia

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 3.5.3 Promote integration of risk reduction
associated with existing climate variability and
future climate change into strategies for the G3/O3.1, O3.3 Target E Target 13.2, 13.b Article 7
reduction of disaster risk and adaptation to climate
change
3.6.1 Improve food security to ensure resilience of
G3/O3.3 Target E Target 2.4 Article 2, 7
communities to hazards
3.6.2 Integrate disaster risk reduction planning into
the health sector, ensuring that all new hospitals G3/O3.2, O3.4 - Target 4.a Article 7
built are hazard resilience
3.6.3 Properly build, retrofit and re-built critical
public facilities and physical infrastructure,
particularly schools, clinics, hospitals, water and G1/Q1.4, O1.5 - Target 4.a, 9.1, 9.a Article 7
power plants, communications and transport
lifelines, and other structures
3.6.4 Advance implementation of social safety-net
mechanisms to assist vulnerable population G3/O3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 - Target 1.5, 3.d Article 7
Action 3.6 Socio-economic
including People Living with Aids (PLWA).
development at national and
3.6.5 Incorporate disaster risk reduction measures Pillar 2, 3
local levels strengthened
into post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation G5/O5.1 - Target 1.5, 13.1 Article 7
processes
3.6.6 Promote diversified income options for
G3/O3.1, O3.2, O3.3,
populations in high-risk areas including loan Target E Target 2.4 Article 7
O3.4
provision for agriculture
3.6.7 Promote the development of financial risk-
sharing mechanisms, particularly Insurance and G6/O6.2 Target G Target 13.1 Article 7
reinsurance against disasters
3.6.8 Promote the establishment of public–private
G2/O2.4 Target F Target 13.1 Article 7
partnerships
3.6.9 Develop and promote alternative and
innovative financial instruments for addressing G6/O6.2 - Target 13.1 Article 7
disaster risk
3.7.1 Incorporate disaster risk assessments into the
G3/O3.1, O3.2, O3.3,
urban and rural planning and management of Target E Target 11.3, 11.b Article 7
O3.4
Action 3.7 Land-use planning hazard-prone areas
and other technical 3.7.2 Mainstream disaster risk considerations into
G1/O1.4; G3/O3.1,
measures at national and planning procedures for major infrastructure Pillar 3 Target E Target 9.1 Article 7
O3.3
local levels improved projects
3.7.3 Review and revise existing and/or develop new
building codes, standards, and rehabilitation and G5/O5.1, O5.3 Target G Target 4.a, 9.1, 9.a Article 7
reconstruction practices at national or local levels
Action 3.8 Comprehensive 3.8.1 Ensure the implementation of the One Health
One health strategy for strategy for effective linkages among all relevant G3/O3.1 Target E Target 3.a Article 7
Public Health Diseases and MACs at all levels Pillar 3
events integrated into DRM 3.8.2 Strengthening DRM component of the One
policies and activities G3/O3.2 - Target 3.a Article 7
Health strategy

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 3.8.3 Conduct comprehensive One Health risk
G4/O4.2 Target G Target 3.a Article 7
assessment at all levels
3.8.4 Conduct an assessment on the impact of
disasters and respond to the needs of affected G4/O4.2 Target G Target 3.a Article 7
population (animal/human).

Priority Area 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build back better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

4.1.1 Develop /strengthen people-centered early

warning systems for all hazards at all levels,
G4/O4.3 Target G Target 3.d Article 7, 8
considering the demographic, gender, cultural and
livelihood activities of the target audience
4.1.2 Use science and technology to improve real-
time early warning early action data for response G4/O4.3 Target G Target 3.d Article 7, 8
preparedness
4.1.3 Establish baseline information on various
Action 4.1 People-centered hazards (i.e., floods, fire, mudslide, etc.) and map G4/O4.3 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7, 8
early warning systems out hazard-prone areas
Pillar 1
enhanced 4.1.4 Establish and periodically review and maintain
information systems as part of DRR and early G4/O4.1, O4.3 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7, 8
warning systems
4.1.5 Integrate early warning systems into
government policy, decision making processes and G4/O4.3 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7, 8
emergency management systems at all levels
4.1.6 Improve coordination and cooperation among
all relevant sectors and actors in early warning
G4/O4.3 Target G Target 13.1 Article 7, 8
chain, in line with recommendations from the Third
Conference on Early Warning held in Germany
4.2.1 Develop, review and update guidelines, SOPs
G2/O2.2 Target G Target 13.3 Article 8
and tools for rapid assessments and EPR
4.2.2 Map out all possible logistic hubs for response
G2/O2.2 Target G Target 13.3 Article 8
planning in Liberia
4.2.3 Establish local and national level emergency
G2/O2.2 Target G Target 13.3 Article 8
response teams
4.2.4 Conduct training on emergency preparedness
G5/O5.3 Target G Target 13.3 Article 8
and response
Action 4.2 Emergency
4.2.5 Prepare and periodically update disaster
preparedness and response Pillar 4
preparedness and contingency plans and SOPs at all
systems improved G3/O3.3 - Target 13.3 Article 7
levels with particular focus on the most vulnerable
areas and groups
4.2.6 Undertake regular disaster preparedness
exercises, with focus on marginalized groups
G2/O2.2 Target G Target 13.1, 13.3 Article 7
including evacuation drills/simulation to ensure
rapid and effective disaster response
4.2.7 People-centered Early Multi-hazard Early
G4/O4.3 Target G Target 13.3 Article 7
Warning System.

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 4.2.8 Establish and equip national and County
G2/O2.2 - Target 13.1 Article 7
disaster operating centers
4.2.9 Establish, build capacity and Operationalize
the ‘National Disaster Management Technical G2/O2.2 - Target 13.1 Article 7
Committee (NDMTC)
4.3.1 Identify and implement early recovery
activities during early phase of humanitarian G3/O3.4 - Target 13.1, 13.b Article 7
operations
4.3.2 Implement recovery schemes including
psycho-social support, cash transfer programs to
mitigate psychological impacts of vulnerable
Action 4.3 Disaster Risk G3/O3.4 - Target 3.d Article 7
population and protection of victims of violence
Mitigation, Recovery and
including sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)
Resilience Measures Pillar 1, 4
Strengthened
4.3.3 Integrate disaster risk reduction into
emergency management and response strategies at
Q3/O3.4 - Target 13.1 Article 7
national and local community levels

4.3.4 Mobilize resources for implementation of

contingency plans, operating centers, simulations, G6/O6.2 - Target 13.1 Article 7
etc.

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Annex 18. A snapshot of the 2020-2030 National DRR and Resilience Strategy of Liberia

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Strategy of Liberia (2020-2030)

Vision
A safe and resilient Liberia through the establishment of a functioning national Disaster Risk Management (DRM) system and the significant reduction and
management of the exposure and vulnerability of Liberian society to natural and man-made hazards, as well as climate change.

Goals and Objectives

Goal 1: Significantly Goal 2: Establish a Goal 3: Develop Goal 4: Fully- Goal 5: Long-term Goal 6: Adequate
reduce and control the functioning national national and local DRR functioning National national support financing mechanisms
risks associated with DRM system strategies and action Risk Information programmes established to support
floods, coastal plans and fully System (NRIS) established through the sustainability of
Objective 2.1 Clarify the roles
erosions and integrate into various established to be extensive international implementing DRR
and responsibilities of all
windstorms national stakeholders in development plans accessible to the collaboration and strategy and action
providing key DRM functions public and decision partnerships plans
Objective 1.1 Significantly and services by 2023. Objective 3.1 National DRR making
reduce the exposure of Objective 2.2 Strengthen the and resilience strategy Objective 5.1 National DRR Objective 6.1 National annual
population in hazard-prone institutional capacity of NDMA developed and officially
Objective 4.1 National Data Planning Support Programme budget lines established to
areas by 2027. in supporting DRR planning, adopted by all the national
Infrastructure (NDI), established by 2023 and provide a seed fund to
Objective 1.2 Significantly managing climate/disaster risk stakeholders by 2020.
including disaster bases, operationalized within the support national and local
reduce the number and information, providing Objective 3.2 National DRR
established to support NDMA structure by 2027. DRR planning by 2023.
extent of flood-prone areas technical training, and and Resilience strategy
National hazard mapping Objective 5.2 National Objective 6.2 Collaboration
by 2027. coordinating risk integrated into sectoral
and risk hotspot profiling, Community-based Risk and partnerships of various
Objective 1.3 Effectively awareness/advocacy campaign development strategies and
by 2023. Awareness Campaign formats, such as Technical
protect and manage coastal activities by 2027. plans by 2027.
Objective 4.2 Detailed Programme established Assistance (TA), established
ecosystems, i.e. mangroves Objective 2.3 Establish various Objective 3.3 All local
hazard maps and risk by2023 and operationalized with key global funds,
and beaches, against coastal thematic coordination governments are supported
hotspot profiles developed within the NDMA structure international and regional
erosion and sea level rise, by mechanisms among all national to develop DRR strategies
to refine DRR baselines by by 2027. financial institutions, and bi-
2023. stakeholders in various formats and action plans by 2030.
2023. Objective 5.3 National DRM lateral donors by2023.
Objective 1.4 Build, upgrade by 2027. Objective 3.4 All local DRR
Objective 4.3 People- training programme Objective 6.3 National
and protect health and Objective 2.4 Develop long- strategies and action plans
centered Multi-hazard Early established by 2023 and strategy for resource
educational facilities that are term international are fully integrated into local
Warning System established operationalized within the mobilization and grant
safe from natural hazards collaboration and partnerships comprehensive development
by 2027. NDMA structure by 2027. management developed and
and resilient from epidemic to support the implementation plans by 2030. implemented by 2023.
disasters by 2027. of the national DRR and
Objective 1.5 Construct resilience strategy of Liberia by
roads without creating new 2023.
flood risks to local
communities by 2023.

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Strategic Focuses
Hazard-prone Sectors: Elements at Risk: Focus Counties: Vulnerable Communities: Thematic resilience
areas: • Agriculture, • Vulnerable social • Bomi [Bomi, 24 VCs] Tubmanburg, Joseph Town, Hammer Hill, Gbarllasuah, Nyanlla, Gbah Jarkeh, Lingar, Gohnzipo, themes:
• All the flood- Environment groups • Grand Bassa Mecca, Manjamah, Jonborbah, Bomah, Gbaigbon, Malema Kpannah, Keiku, Nyamah, Votor, Royesville, Tomah • Risk information
prone areas Education • Residential • Grand Cape Town, Varmah, Boh, Fish Town, Bogbeh, Charlie Town and knowledge
identified; • Health buildings Mount [Grand Bassa, 32 VCs] Atlantic Street, Barclayville(#1 compound), Barconline, Neetor, management
• Coastal erosion • Water sanitation Settlements • Grand Kru Buchanan, Bassa community, Corn Farm, Compound # 2, Edina, Fairground, Fanti Town, Four Houses, God Bless • Risk-informed
areas (or coastal hygiene • Hospitals • Lofa You, Gonniigar town, Gorzohn, Grand Kolka, Jarko Town, Korduah Community, Kpandy Town, Trade Town, development
ecosystems). • Transport • Schools • Margibi Peace community, Peace Town, Pearchuzohn, Dirt hole, Little Bassa, Little Kola, planning
• Electricity • Trade center or • Montserrado Lewis street, New York Street, New Buchanan, Juah Town, Tinway Town, Vai Town,WATCO Camp • Critical
Risk Hotspots: • Housing market places • Rivercess [Grand Cape Mount, 53 VCs] Tallah, Falie, Lapia, Torso, Robertsport, Mandina, Peh, Warkenkor, Mecca, Lofa infrastructure
• the Monrovia • Trade & • Roads • Sinoe Bridge, Jenneh Brown, Fahn, Bandor, Fahn Town, Goe, Mambo, Weelor, Wayneh, Dambala, Bambala, Bendaja, protection
area; commerce • Bridges Manor River, Gbassslor, Ludijah, Grassfield, Fanti Town, Latia, Mandoe, Tosor, Bandu Town, Jundu Town, • Shock-responsive
• the risk • Social protection • Water wells Kpennejee, Gbah Foboi, Sawelor Town, Diah Town, Kobolia, Bo Waterside, Kru Beach, Fanti Town, Tallah, Falie, social protection
hotspots in • Security • Police station Latia, Bandor, Mano River, Kru Town, Up Town, Sembehum, Latia Beach, Falie Beach, Sowe Town, Tailor Beach, • Disaster/emergency
focus counties Young island, Fombah Beach
• Farms/plantations management
[Grand Kru, 20 VCs]Wakpeken, Setor, Topoh, Filorken, Fleneken and Juduken Village, Sasstown, Picnicess, Nero, • Financing for
• Wetlands
Pitay, Sobo, Dio, Botiah, Wessehpoh, Nifu, Betu, Grandcess, Wedabo, Po-River, Garraway Disaster risk
[Lofa, 45 VCs]Voinjama, Market Ground Community, Tebermai, Foyah-Kugbemai, Zinalomai, Kpakarmai, reduction
Jallamai, Tenebu, Vezela, Bazagizia, Kpotomai, Selega, Manamai, Zawordamai, Kolahun Dist-Yandihun,
Kamatahun, Massabolahun, Lukasu,Poplahun, Kailahun-Lukasu, Vahu Dist-Kannleh, Garbon, Kpngula,
Zorzor Dist-Konia, Boi, Passama, Zealakp, Kilewu, Salayea Dist-Salayea City, Kpayea, Yarpuah, Gboynea,
Kpeteyea, Alayea, Tinsue, Sucrumu, Quadu Gboni Dist.-Samodu, Jamulor, Bakedu, Maiekonnedu,
Foya Dist.-Porluma, . kormai
[Margibi, 26 VCs] Harbel, Marshall, Unification Town Zone #2, Mandingo Quarter, Dennisville, Benla, Miss
Moore, Matiyala, Buzzie Quarter, Gotomue Town, Peter’s Town, Charlesville, Duazon, RS Caul Field, Koon Town,
Joe Blow Town, Nyankapa Town, Dolos Town, Rock Crusher, Dweh Town, Zazay Town, Zuawein, Goll Town,
Whevlen, Peace Island, Marshall
[Montserrado, 50 VCs] Bushrod Island ( St. Paul Bridge Community, Whea Town, Crab Hole), New Hope Peace
Island, Steven Tolbert (Borbor Island), Jallah Town, Lakpazee, Doe Community, Jimaca Road, Free Port, Clara
Town, Old Road, Cardwell, Kabah, Diggsville, Omega, Bonnard Farm, Wen Town, Soul Clinic (Garza,Sorto
Guinea), Logan Town, Battery Factory (Plank Field), Sinker (12 St., 16 St, Weazay, NewMatadi), Brewerville (Red
Hill Field), Zayzay Community, Du-Port Road (Shara), Mt. Barclay ( Lofa community, old field, new road
community) Nezoe community, pipeline(Daniel Chea community), new Georgia(port Harcourt), Don Bosco
community, Cooper Farm, West Point (Power Plant, Kru Beach, Fanti Town), New Kru (Popo Beach, Lagoon)
Town, Sinkor (17 - 20 st.), Hotel Africa Com., Mabam Point (South Beach, ELWA Community, King Gray, Congo
Town (Sophie Community, Bernard Beach
[Rivercess, 19 VCs] Cestos, Lonestar Community, Red Cross Community, ITI Township, Neezuien, Bodowea,
Yarpah Town, Timbo, James Town, Borkor Point, Fanti Town, Kru Town, Jackson Community, Zinc Camp, Kaye
Town, Manneh Beach, Timbo Beach, Jomo Town
[Sinoe, 26 VCs] Greenville, Sanquine, Down Town, New Kru Town, Geekloh, Panama, Kwitatuzon, Karquekpo,
Pyne Town, Seethun NewTown, Teah Town, Seebeh, Peluwa, Seethun Juaryen, David Solo Village, Nana Kru,
Fish Town, Down Town, Fanti Town, New Kru Town, Poor River, Pumgbor, Manwah, Toni Ta, King Williams
Town, Settra Kru

Priority Actions (PA)

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PA 1: Understanding Risks PA 2: Strengthening Governance PA 3: Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction PA 4: Disaster Preparedness

Action 1.1 Fully-functioning Action 2.1 The 2012 National Disaster Risk Action 3.1 Reduce and control the risks associated with floods, Action 4.1 People-centered early
National Risk Information System Management Policy implemented coastal erosions and windstorms in the Monrovia area warning systems enhanced
(NRIS) established to be Action 2.2 National Disaster Management Agency Action 3.2 Reduce and control the risks associated with flood, Action 4.2 Emergency preparedness
accessible to the public and strengthened as the central Disaster Risk coastal erosion and windstorms in the focus counties and response systems improved
decision making Management body Action 3.3 Reduce and control the risks of agricultural Action 4.3 Disaster risk mitigation,
Action 1.2 Public awareness and Action 2.3 National Disaster Risk Management production against flood, coastal erosion and windstorms recovery and resilience measures
information on disaster risk System (i.e. district, county, and national) Action 3.4 Build, upgrade and protect health and educational strengthened
reduction improved strengthened facilities that are safe from natural hazards and resilient from
Action 1.3 Knowledge systems Action 2.4 Coordination mechanisms for disaster epidemic disasters
for DRR improved risk reduction strengthened Action 3.5 Environmental and natural resource management
Action 1.4 Integration of risk Action 2.5 Consultation and advocacy for pollical practice improved
identification into policy and commitment, responsibility and accountability Action 3.6 Socio-economic development at local and national
strategic planning processes and strengthened levels strengthened
use of risk information in Action 2.6 Monitoring and evaluation Action 3.7 Land-use planning and other technical measures at
development planning improved management systems developed, implemented local and national levels improved
and operationalized Action 3.8Comprehensive One Health strategy for public health
diseases and events integrated into DRM policies and activities.

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