The Ultimate Goal of Life MEN Moksha Enlightenment Nirvana

3 AUDIOBOOK COLLECTIONS
6 BOOK COLLECTIONS
The Ultimate Goal of Life
Moksha
Enlightenment
Nirvana
By
The Ultimate Goal of Life
Moksha
Enlightenment
Nirvana
By
Copyright © AiR Institute of Realization 2019

AiR asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this book.
ISBN 978-93-5391-269-7
All rights reserved.
No part of the content (of this publication except images) may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the
prior permission of the publisher.
Printed in India by Navya Graphics

No-8, 12th Main,14th Cross, Lakkasandra Extn., Wilson Garden, Bangalore-560030
Publisher: AiR
Kemp Fort Mall, No-97, Old Airport Road, Bangalore-560017
Are we meant to live just to die?
Are we going to stop and find out why?
What is the purpose of our birth? Why
are we here on planet earth?
1. What is the Ultimate Goal of Life? 1
2. How can we achieve the Ultimate Goal of Life? 7
3. Moksha 16
4. Nirvana 50
5. Enlightenment 75
6. Which path will lead us to our Ultimate Goal? 91
7. Realization of the Truth 99

8. Liberation from Misery and Sorrow 112
9. The A to Z of Spirituality 119
10. Discover the secret of the Ultimate 129

Peace, Bliss, and Joy
11. POEM 136
12. ABOUT THE AUTHOR 140
13. BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR 143

What is the Ultimate Goal of life? The whole world
believes it is to be happy, to have peace and bliss, just as
it is to escape from misery and suffering. While this
seems to be the goal of life, it is not the Ultimate Goal of
life because although man enjoys pleasure that he gets
from achievement, and peace that he gets from
ful llment, man is still miserable. This is because man
has not found a purpose. He has not understood the
meaning of life – who he is, where he comes from and
where he will go. He has not realized the truth - who
created this world and who created him. Man struggles
to understand the truth and when he faces misery or
dif culties, he just folds his hands, looks up at the sky
and prays. But his problems are not solved. Unless man
nds the meaning of life, the true purpose of life, he
will continue to struggle and be miserable.
Are we meant to live just to die? What is our purpose here

on earth? Most of us are so busy in life that we have no
time to think about this. Religions all over the globe
however, advocate that there is a goal for human life -
some call it Moksha, some Enlightenment, and some
Nirvana. Different religions give a different title or
name to our Ultimate Goal. What do these religious or
spiritual concepts mean? Is Enlightenment the same as
Moksha or Nirvana? Are all these concepts different
religious dogmas, each unique to its own religion?
To get to the Ultimate Goal, we need to make an

inquiry about life. We need to study certain facts. Are
we sure to die? Will our human existence end? The
world calls this Death. What is Death? What happens
after Death? Is it just “Game Over”? If we use our
intelligence and ponder over the mystery of Death, of
life, we know there is something beyond human
comprehension. There is some connection between
our birth, our death, and our life in between. Why is
it that some people are born fortunate and some in
the most unfortunate circumstances? Some are born
rich and some poor. Some are born healthy and some
physically and mentally challenged. Who controls all
this? Who controls this Universe and everything that
happens in it? How did all this happen? Science says
the entire Cosmos was caused by a humungous 'Big
Bang'. But who created this 'Big Bang'?
The earth is a marvel with so many beautiful creatures,

insects, plants, animals and we, human beings - each so
amazing, so unique! How did all this come about? The
mountains and the oceans, the trees, the seas, and the
breeze, could all this 'just happen'? Each human being is
made up of several trillion cells, each cell is sizzling
with life. Theology comes out with an answer. It is God!
The Creator!
But who is God? Where is God? What is God? Who is

the Creator of this universe? Is God just a statue or a
saint? No! God is not a picture that anyone can paint.
God or the Creator is beyond human comprehension.
We don't know who God is, where God is, and what
God is, but God is.
When we try to study what the Ultimate Goal of Life is,

then we will realize the Ultimate Truth. Our Ultimate
Goal is Uni cation with the Divine, the Creator, the one
who created us, who gave us breath, without which
there would be death. The one who caused our birth on
earth, the one who created the planet and the stars, the
sun, and the moon and all life that exists.
We seem to be actors on this humongous stage called

Earth. This magic show called 'Life' seems to be
controlled by a Cosmic Magician through His own
universal laws that make things happen in order.
Nothing happens by chance. We know that, don't we?
What we don't understand is, who we are and why we

are here. What is our purpose on earth? Are we just the
physical body or are we the mind? Some think we are
the Ego that says 'I'. A few believe that we are the
Divine Soul. What is the Soul? It is the Life Energy that
is inside us, the Power that gives us breath and when it
leaves, it causes our death. It is like air inside a
balloon which gives life to an otherwise dead balloon.
When the balloon is de ated, the air merges with the
air that is everywhere. So does our Soul!
We are the body, mind, ego, and Soul. All these put
together create a human being. We are born with
nothing and we see that when people die, they take
nothing with them. We all seek Happiness and Peace,
but we suffer. The suffering is because of our ignorance.
We live in darkness without realizing the Truth.
Different religions in different countries offer different

solutions to the issue of Happiness, each advocating
their concept to be the best. Some religions promise that
their God will solve all our problems, will even suffer
on our behalf. Others talk of our actions being
important when we face the nal day of judgement and
go to heaven or hell. Each religion has its own concept
of God and Happiness. There are some Eastern faiths
that believe in Liberation from misery and sorrow, with
some advocating a rebirth based on our past actions.
If we go through all the religions of the world, we

will nd that they all believe that their God will give
their followers a life of peace and bliss. However, not
all religions advocate concepts that are tenable. Some
advocate beliefs that can no longer be considered
relevant, practical or logical. Amongst the various
concepts that promise us our Ultimate Goal, a life of
Bliss and Joy without suffering, are the three major
religious concepts that are worth a study and review.
They are - Moksha, Enlightenment, and Nirvana.
If we investigate and study 'MEN', Moksha,

Enlightenment, and Nirvana, it will help us
understand the A to Z of Spirituality and lead us to
discover the Ultimate Purpose of life.
What is the Ultimate Goal of life?

Why this misery, why this strife?
Instead of living with Peace and Bliss,
The Joy of this beautiful world we miss.
1
CHAPTER
01
What is the Ultimate
Goal of Life?
2
What is the Ultimate Goal of Life?
Most of humanity rightly believes that our Ultimate

Goal is Happiness. Everybody wants to be happy, but
unfortunately, not everybody is. We live with the sole
purpose of doing things that can put a smile on our
face. There are some who just exist, they drag
through life. It seems like their life has no meaning,
no purpose, and no goal. We all come into this world,
live for about 5 to 10 decades and then depart. Very
few really stop to nd out what is our true purpose.
There are some who feel that they have discovered
the secret that the goal of life is not just to be happy,
but to make others happy too! Is this true?
Can we be happy all the time? While we all experience

pleasure and joy, each one of us suffers misery and
pain. We live with stress, fear, worry, anger and anxiety
and this seems to be part of the life fabric that we are
woven into. While we seek pleasure and shun pain, it
seems that there is no way to escape from misery. Very
rarely do we nd people who make this their Ultimate
Goal, not just to enjoy bouts of happiness, but to
achieve the state of Everlasting Peace and Eternal Joy
without clouds of negativity spoiling their bright sky.
The most common way people try to achieve this

Ultimate Goal of Happiness is through success and
achievement. Most people think that success is
Happiness because achievement gives them a feeling
of exhilaration and excitement. There is no doubt that
achievement and success create pleasure and
3
happiness, but the question is - can we be successful all the

time? We desire and when the desire is achieved, we become
happy. But when it is not, we become disappointed and feel
discouraged. It feels like we are defeated. Some people,
therefore, stop this mad chase to be an ace in the race of life.
Instead of getting caught in the maze, they try to live with
grace on the second peak of happiness.
While the rst peak of happiness seems to be

Achievement, some people are lucky to take an exit
from this highway because they realize that such a
peak doesn't exist. They transcend their greed and try
to live with contentment, ful lling their needs. These
are the few lucky people who go beyond pleasure
and live with peace on the second peak of happiness,
Ful llment. They stop this mad chase of success and
achievement and live joyously and peacefully. But
less than one- fth of the world is lucky to do so.
While this minority who leaves the rst peak of happiness,

Achievement and scales the second peak, Ful llment, lives
peacefully and blissfully, is their life free from misery and
suffering? Unfortunately, no! Everybody who lives on
earth, who has been given this human birth, experiences
both joy and sorrow. They are both glad and sad as they
live through this journey called 'Life'. Less than one
percent of humanity tries to make this their Ultimate Goal,
not just to live with Contentment and Ful llment, but to
be Liberated from misery and sorrow.
4
Is there a way to escape misery and suffering? Yes,

there is! In fact, this is the Ultimate Goal of every
human being, not just to live with pleasure and peace
but to be liberated from pain and suffering. The only
way to get to this Ultimate Destination is by realizing
the true purpose and meaning of life. Only a few are
fortunate to go on a quest. They ask questions and
investigate their doubts about life to ratify their
beliefs. They are the ones who realize the Truth and
achieve the Ultimate Goal of life.
Most of humanity suffers misery and pain. Not just the

pain of the body which we all have to suffer, we also
suffer the misery of the mind. As we age, our body tends
to face all kinds of aches and pains. We also experience
some diseases and ultimately the body dies. Nobody on
earth can escape from this physical pain. Today, the world
has advanced and we have medicines that can nullify
physical pain. Not just ordinary painkillers, there are
advanced opioids and drugs that can kill any kind of pain.
If we can't reduce pain with medication, then we can use
anesthesia to create an absence of physical pain. But what
about mental distress? Who on earth is able to live without
worry, stress, regret, anxiety, fear, revenge, guilt, and
hate? We all experience such misery of the mind. While
we are able to take painkillers to overcome physical
suffering, how do we transcend mental pain? Then comes
the agony of the ego. We are all subject to the ego making
us miserable. We get angry, and upset over so many
things
5
just because of the ego - the ego that demands and

has expectations. All these together make us suffer
the pain of the ego, the body, and the mind.
Seekers of Truth, seeking the Ultimate Goal of life ask

questions and investigate how they can achieve this
state of Everlasting Peace and Eternal Happiness,
where there is no suffering, misery, and pain. Not
only do they study all religions, but they also make
every attempt to analyze every known philosophy
and theology to achieve their Goal. Let us glance at
the efforts of seekers who want to realize the Truth,
on how they can achieve the Ultimate Goal of life.
Most people don't live through life, they drift!

Alas, they lose the Happiness gift!
But there are a few who go on a quest,
For them, life is at its best!
6
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 1
 We live with the sole purpose of doing things that

can put a smile on our face. While we seek pleasure
and shun pain, it seems that there is no way to escape
from misery.

 Most people think that success is happiness because
achievement gives them a feeling of exhilaration and
excitement. This is the first peak- Achievement.

 But the question is - can we be successful all the
time? We desire and when the desire is fulfilled, we
become happy. But when it is not, we become
disappointed and feel discouraged.

 There are a few lucky people who go beyond
pleasure and live with peace as they scale the second
peak of happiness, Fulfillment and live with
Contentment.

 Those who aspire to achieve the Ultimate Goal of
Life, go on a quest, ask questions and investigate the
truth behind their beliefs.

 Less than one percent of humanity tries to move
beyond the second peak of happiness - Fulfillment,
realizes the Truth and attains Liberation from misery
and sorrow.
7
CHAPTER
02
How can we achieve
the Ultimate Goal of Life?
8
How can we achieve the Ultimate Goal of Life?
While every human being seeks to be happy and hates

to be unhappy and while it is a universal principle that
humanity seeks pleasure and shuns pain, it is also a
known fact that a life without sorrow and unhappiness
doesn't exist. It's like a mirage in the desert, an illusion.
Since all of humanity is seeking this Ultimate Goal of
everlasting Bliss, the entire world is lled with options
and possibilities and claims to have the solution to
achieve this ultimate state of happiness.
Manufacturers of beauty creams and luxury soaps

call out to women to use their product and become
more beautiful so they can have happiness. The
world has countless brands offering jewellery,
clothes, and accessories for the same reason. Men are
attracted by success, money and even erotic pleasure.
Kids are offered toys to make them happy, just like
senior citizens are given options that can ensure a
secure and healthy life.
But man is intelligent. Man doesn't get carried away

by these transitory solutions. Man knows that his
ultimate happiness comes from God, the Creator of
this universe. Therefore, most of humanity has a
religion. A small minority is either atheist or agnostic.
The others go to temples, mosques, churches,
synagogues or monasteries. The names are endless.
Man is constantly going to God for his happiness.
Why do we fold our hands in prayer? Most of humanity
9
prays because they seek happiness, peace of mind

and a life free of problems. We pray because we
believe that God is a solution to our pain and misery
and the giver of peace and joy. Still, we are unhappy!
Although the promise from our religions is
broadcasted on loudspeakers, the common man has
not found a solution to this problem of suffering and
pain. If we study the history of religion, God, and
prayer, what do we nd? It is very ambiguous as the
written records available are less than 5000 years old.
And we cannot just presume anything to be true.
A peek into history reveals some strange beliefs of

ancient man. An Egyptian script discovered recently
by archaeologists and said to be over 4500 years old,
reveals that the ancient Egyptians believed in over
700 Gods. They used to worship the God they needed
help from. In the East, the Hindu Faith or Sanatana
Dharma – the Eternal Religion without a beginning,
started with the belief that God had no name and
form. Later it transformed to Hinduism, a religion
that believes in thousands of Gods. The Abrahamic
religion which led to Judaism, Christianity, and
Islam, believed in one God and that their God was
the only God. These advocated that we would go to
heaven or hell after death.
The challenge with the monotheistic religions is not their

belief in heaven and hell based on our actions, good or
bad, but the question - who will go to heaven or
10
hell as we clearly see that a person who dies is cremated

or buried here on earth. Who will suffer or be rewarded
if the body lies below the earth and becomes one with
it? If we try to go deeper into the Truth, we realize that
even if there is a day of judgement and we will face our
good deeds and sins, it has to be through some kind of
rebirth or resurrection.
Ancient history is based on presumptions and

assumptions. Some historians talk of people praying
to Gods of nature - the Sun God, the Wind God, the
Water God and so on. There were other ancient
religions that were practised in the far East, but many
of these were wiped out due to the cultural and
political circumstances that existed then. In many
cases people were forced not to believe in God.
History across the globe, by and large, reveals that

people went to their God for happiness, just as they
prayed when they suffered in misery and pain. It
hardly matters which religion started rst, but this
gives us an idea of how man has been praying for the
last 4000 to 5000 years and why. It hasn't changed till
date with people continuing to ock to religious
institutions for the sake of peace and happiness, just as
we pray to be protected from sorrow and problems.
Scriptures of all religions reveal the ultimate promise -
that their God will shower happiness just as their God
will protect His people from suffering and pain.
11
In the Eastern world, because Hinduism became full of

rituals and superstitions, it led to Hinduism branching out
into Buddhism and Jainism which gained popularity
amongst followers. While we are not really concerned
about how many people follow each religion, we are more
interested in the concepts religions advocate.
All religions believe in God. But the fact is, God is not
made of skin and bone. God is a power beyond human
comprehension. God is a power that is Omnipresent,
Omniscient and Omnipotent. This is accepted by most
religions. But people do not go beyond religion to
realize the Truth about God. Probably, it would be
better to use the word 'Creator' rather than use the term
'God' which gets humanity even further confused about
who, where, and what God is.
Today's Hindu concepts seem untenable with there

being three primary Gods, the Creator, the Preserver,
and the Destroyer. It becomes further untenable with
the number of Gods that people believe in – a God of
Wealth, a God of Wisdom and so on. Unfortunately,
God has become some kind of a magician rather than
being the Divine Creator, a Power unknown to man.
While the current Hindu beliefs do not offer a solution

to the Ultimate Goal of life, the ancient Hindu Faith, the
Sanantana Dharma, speaks of Liberation, often known as
Moksha. It inspires followers to delve deep and realize
the truth about life.
12
While the Hindu concept of Moksha continues to

exist in all branches of Hinduism today, it has been
diluted by idol worship, rituals, and superstitions. Of
course, children need a God with name and form to
understand the powerful Creator, but we must learn
to grow up. Instead, Ancient Hinduism transformed
over the centuries and made religious priests even
more powerful than kings and these “god-men”
manipulated the spiritual concept of Moksha that led
to its decline. We shall get into the details of Moksha
a little later in this book.
Due to such beliefs in Hinduism, one rich Hindu prince

– Siddhartha Gautama, left his palace and wandered
amongst genuine Hindu mystics who lived up in the
mountains. He sat in deep meditation until he
realized the Truth. He founded Buddhism and
concept of Nirvana, our Ultimate Goal which will be
described in detail later.
Since Buddhism offered people a simpler and practical

way to attain peace and happiness, it gained popularity.
If one studies world religions, one will realize how the
entire world seemed to decline in religion as humanity
got caught in living a life of myth and superstition. In
Europe, this period was known as the 'Dark Ages'. But
in reality, the Dark Ages was a global phenomenon
with a gradual decline of religion as people started
asking questions objecting to illogical rituals and
meaningless superstitions and dogmas.
13
One may come across the term Enlightenment. A

detailed study of Enlightenment follows, but this
concept of Enlightenment as the name suggests is
about being Enlightened. It seemed that the world
was living in dark ignorance, and thus people were
suffering. It was important to overcome ignorance
and to be Enlightened with the truth.
Although Enlightenment is a very recent global

concept, it offers a practical solution as it questions
every ritual and every superstition, demanding an
explanation before accepting anything. No doubt,
followers of such a philosophy do not accept any
theology, just because it is a family tradition. In the
quest of happiness, the modern world is not willing
to accept anything other than the truth. However, has
such questioning led to the realization of the truth?
The world and its pleasures, as well as our own mind
and ego, create a barrier. One cannot reach the
Ultimate Goal, without the Realization of the Truth.
While MEN, Moksha, Enlightenment, and Nirvana,

are the 3 major roads leading to the Ultimate Goal,
we may investigate other options, but we should not
get carried away or be lost in them. Our life is short
and before the journey is over, we must realize the
Truth, no matter which religion we follow.
Religion is just the kindergarten to spirituality. If we study

the scriptures of all religions, we will nd evidence
14
of the Ultimate Truth. The Truth is one, though it

may be spoken off in many ways, expressed through
many languages or advocated by many religions.
As a seeker seeking the Ultimate Goal of life, let us

study MEN, the 3 most popular solutions, Moksha,
Enlightenment, Nirvana that can lead us to a life of
Ultimate Bliss, Peace and Joy without any misery and
sorrow.
Religion doesn't matter in the search for Truth, Nor

does it matter if one is aged or a youth.
What matters is the achievement of Joy and
Peace, And that life's misery and suffering cease!
15
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 2
 Man knows that his Ultimate Happiness comes

from God, the Creator of this universe. Therefore,
most of humanity follows a religion and only a small
minority is either atheist or agnostic.

 If one studies world religion, one will realize how the
entire world seemed to decline in religion as humanity
got caught in living a life of myth and superstition.

 While the Hindu Faith or Sanatana Dharma's
concept of Moksha continues to exist in all branches
of Hinduism today, it has been diluted by idol
worship, rituals, and superstitions.

 Due to this, a Hindu price Siddhartha renounced
his palace and was eventually enlightened as the
Buddha. He brought about Buddhism and the
concept of Nirvana.

 The decline of religion and belief in God was a
global phenomenon and there was darkness
everywhere. This resulted in the birth of a movement
called Enlightenment, a movement that would help
humanity eradicate the darkness of ignorance.

 As a seeker seeking the Ultimate Goal of life, let us study
the 3 most popular solutions, Moksha, Enlightenment,
Nirvana that can lead us to a life of Ultimate Bliss,
Peace and Joy without any sorrow.
16
CHAPTER
03
Moksha
17
Moksha
The Hindu Faith, a faith that seems to have no

beginning was called Sanatana Dharma, the Eternal
Religion. It advocates that Moksha is the Ultimate Goal
of life. It is a state of eternal Bliss. Life is an endless
cycle of birth, death, and rebirth into a physical
universe. Hindu scriptures describe Moksha as the
spiritual Liberation from this continuous cycle of death
and rebirth and attainment of an eternal and blissful
state that transcends all suffering of the body, mind,
and ego. Before starting a thesis on the concept of
Moksha, it must be clear that we are not reviewing
Moksha as per the doctrine of Hinduism, which has
drifted away from the original concept of Moksha.
Rather, Moksha under review here is a highly spiritual
concept revealed by the sages who lived centuries ago.
It is said that over 4000 years ago when the Hindu

Faith, Sanatana Dharma, had still not transformed to
become Hinduism, people accepted Moksha as the
Ultimate Goal of life. Not only was it considered an
escape from the cycle of death and rebirth, it was also
Liberation from misery and sorrow when alive, with the
realization of the Truth that we are the Divine Atman or
the Soul. Today's Hinduism is very different from the
original Hindu Faith, Sanatana Dharma. Hinduism of
today seems to believe that there are thousands of Gods
that the Hindus worship. Along with this, people
perform rituals and follow superstitions that dilute the
original teachings and beliefs. However, all sections of
18
Moksha
Hindus still believe that the Goal of life for every

Hindu is Moksha.
Moksha, also known as Mukti, literally means

freedom. It implies freedom from all suffering. The
suffering of body, mind, and ego. How does one
escape all this suffering? The Realization that one is
not the gross body that suffers physical pain and one
is not the subtle body that is tormented by fear,
worry, and anxiety, results in Mukti or freedom from
suffering. This ultimately leads to Moksha.
We, human beings seek happiness but unfortunately,

our life is a mix of Joy and sorrow. We pray to God to
ful ll our desires and to solve our problems. But still,
no human being can escape from misery. Life on earth
is such that we experience both happiness and
suffering. Suppose it was all pleasure and no pain,
would anyone ask for freedom from this world? This
constant suffering becomes the cause of seeking
Liberation. Nobody really wants to suffer but because
we live and die in ignorance, we continue to suffer. We
suffer the pain of the physical body, the emotional pain
of the mind and the agony of the ego. Don't we see
people ghting to achieve material success and
becoming miserable over petty issues? This is because
we are so deeply embedded in ignorance that we don't
realize that nothing belongs to us. Then, we become
miserable because of fear, worry, anxiety, regret, anger,
hate, jealousy, and revenge. And we continue to suffer
19
Moksha
due to the non-realization of the Truth that

everything is Maya - a Cosmic drama. We must
surrender and accept, realizing that life is Mithya, an
illusion just like a dream that will soon be over. But
we don't realize this and continue to suffer.
Moksha or Liberation from the continuous cycle of death

and rebirth from this world is based on the belief that just
like a dream, life on earth is also Mithya, an illusion –
untrue and transitory. We think that only a dream is a
dream, but our life is real. It is Satya, the Truth. Moksha
advocates that life on earth is not Satya. It is not real. It is a
myth but we realize this only at death. As long as we are
alive, we don't realize that we are the Divine Soul. Instead,
we think that we are a body-mind complex and we
become prisoners, imprisoned in a prison of ignorance.
We live a life enveloped by darkness.
The doctrine of Moksha attributes this to Maya – a

Cosmic illusion. We believe in whatever we see and we
think it to be real but in reality, it is not. This is because
of the two powers of Maya - the power of projection and
the power to conceal. First, Maya projects a myth – the
constant unfolding of events on earth. By doing so,
Maya's second power conceals the Truth. This dual
power of Maya, rst to project an illusion and then, to
conceal the Truth, stops us from realizing who we truly
are. This leads us to getting caught in Samsara, the
world and makes us constantly suffer.
20
Moksha
This world is Samsara. In this Samsara, we are carried

away by sensual pleasures and our desires make us
miserable. This Samsara makes us attached both to
people and to possessions and seeking pleasures, we
live and die without realizing the Truth about the
Mithya of Maya and Samsara – the truth that this world
and its pleasures are an illusion. We don't realize that
everything in this alluring world is not everlasting and
eternal. It is like a momentary mirage in the desert and
due to our ignorance, we think it to be real and we
suffer. Moksha is Liberation from such ignorance. It is
transcending such suffering, ultimately being liberated
at death from this body-mind complex and being
united with the Divine, rather than being born again
and again, due to our Karma.
What is Karma? Literally, it means action. The Law of

Karma states that whatever be our action, good or bad, the
same will return to us. Karma is based on the universal
law, 'As you sow, so shall you reap'. The law states that our
present circumstances are not a matter of luck or chance.
These circumstances are our own Karma or past actions
that are returning back to us. But what happens to those
actions that we perform, good or bad, that we do not
redeem before our death? These are redeemed when we
are reborn in a new body. There seems to be no other
option but to believe in this doctrine.
How does it work? Every action of ours is recorded

whether it is good or bad and the Law of Karma makes
21
Moksha
no mistake. It returns to us our good deeds as fortune or

luck, just as it returns our bad deeds as our ill-fortune. In
reality, there is no good luck or bad luck. Our destiny is
the result of our Karma, our own actions. When
something goes wrong in our lives and we can't explain it,
Karma can. We must have committed some sin in the past.
It may be in our distant past and we have forgotten about
it or it could be in our previous life. But Karma doesn't
forget. It records everything. Even after we die, our Karma
remains in our account. The body dies but the ME - Mind
and Ego don't die. As per the Law of Karma, we are
reborn to redeem our sins or to enjoy the rewards of our
good deeds. The sages of the Hindu land inferred that
some people are born in fortunate and some in
unfortunate circumstances due to their own past Karma. It
wasn't luck. They believed that just like this whole
universe runs on certain universal laws, so does our life
which is controlled by the law of Karma. If there was no
law of Karma that was unfolding, then why are some
people born rich and some poor? Consider the universe -
the earth rotates on its own axis, revolving around the
sun. How does all this happen so perfectly? All this is
controlled by certain universal laws. One such law is the
law of Karma.
How does one achieve Moksha? How can one be free

from both, suffering in this lifetime, as well as an escape
from rebirth again and again that causes us to suffer?
Moksha prescribes four doors that one should pass
22
Moksha
through before one is ready to start their journey of

freedom or Mukti. These four doors are Vivek or
Discrimination, Vairagya or Dispassion, Shat Sampat or
Discipline, and Mumukshutva or Desire for the Divine.
The rst door is Discrimination. For one to attain

Moksha, one has to live a life of Discrimination,
referred to by the sages as Vivek. What does this
mean? The mind is constantly producing thoughts,
up to 50,000 thoughts a day. These thoughts make us
sink in the Bhoga of Samsara, the sensual pleasures of
this world. As such, it is impossible to get Moksha.
What is the solution?
For one to discriminate, one has to activate one's

intellect, the faculty that discriminates every thought
and decides what is right and what is wrong. When
our intellect takes charge of our mind, then no
thought is executed into action without rst being
ltered by the intellect. To attain Moksha one should
live with Discrimination. In normal human beings,
the intellect is weak and does not discriminate every
thought. Thus, it becomes dif cult to be in Yoga or
Union with the Divine, which is the only way to
Moksha because otherwise, one is constantly sinking
in the ocean of worldly thoughts.
Prakash had a dormant intellect. His mind was king.

Whenever he saw wine or whiskey, his mind would be
attracted and he would soon be intoxicated. Once
23
Moksha
intoxicated, he would lose his power to make the right

decisions in whatever he did. Instead of being the master,
he became a slave. He could never achieve Moksha.
To achieve Moksha one must be a Stithpragya, one

with a steady intellect. If one doesn't use this God-
given gift that each one of us has, the Intellect, then
we will fail to discriminate and sink in the miseries of
this world. Though they appear to be pleasures on
the outside, they are poison in reality.
The second door to Moksha is Dispassion or Detachment

which is called by the sages as Vairagya. How is this
possible? We are all connected to our family, friends, and
society. How can we detach from the world?
A true seeker of Moksha doesn't try to run away from

the world, but being in the world, he is internally
detached. He is not attached to his possessions and
people that he is connected with. On the outside, he
appears to be a normal human being, but deep within
he lives with detachment, disconnected from the
world and connected with the Divine.
To be detached, one has to live with Dispassion. The

moment we are passionate, and we desire and crave,
we become a slave to our own passions. If one wants
to attain Moksha, one has to live dispassionately, and
detached from the attachments of this world so that
one can be free to unite with the Divine.
24
Moksha
Karan was very passionate about his success, but he also

wanted to live a spiritual life and achieve Moksha. His Guru
or spiritual master advised him not to start another business
when he successfully wound up his old business in which he
had made millions, far more than what he needed. It was an
ideal time for Karan to transform his life. However, being
passionate about being successful, Karan started another big
business. His passion led him to become a slave of his desire.
How could he achieve the Ultimate Goal of Moksha?
The third door is Discipline of body and mind. To

achieve Moksha, one needs the perfect discipline of
body and mind. The sages prescribed six wealths which
were in reality, disciplines. To simplify the prescription
and understand it, one needs the perfect discipline of
body and mind. We human beings are said to be like a
chariot with 5 horses. The 5 horses are the 5 senses that
we are blessed with. The reigns of the horses is our
mind. We, the Divine Soul, are the charioteer. To
discipline our life, we must take charge of the 5 senses
by controlling the mind. If we don't, then our 5 senses
will behave like 5 wild horses and destroy our peace
and bliss. We must discipline both our body and mind
through Sadhana or Spiritual Discipline. This is not
easy and it takes time to develop such discipline, but
without discipline, one cannot achieve Moksha. Control
of the body and control of the mind makes us live like a
tortoise that has a protective shell. Whenever enemies
attack, it withdraws within and protects itself.
25
Moksha
Such is the way to live. Discipline creates Forbearance,

Faith and Fortitude, key elements to attain Moksha.
The fourth door is Desire for the Divine and Liberation.

The sages called this door Mumukshutva. We human
beings are not able to be liberated because we desire and
crave for worldly possessions. We fall in love with people,
knowing very well that these relationships are temporary.
Our ignorance makes us love an illusion and we fail to
love the Divine. We fail to crave for Liberation.
There was once a prince. He was over 30 years old and the
king and queen were very worried because he had not liked a
single girl and thus, had remained unmarried. One day, as he
was searching for some treasure in the attic of the palace, his
eye fell upon the painting of a very beautiful maiden. It looked
like she was in her early teens. He instantly fell in love with
her. When he looked closely at the painting, it was dated over
15 years back. He decided that he would marry this girl and
nobody else. He took the picture and asked the ministers of
the kingdom to nd this girl. A search was conducted but this
girl was nowhere to be found. The news reached the Queen.
Obviously, she was keen to get the Prince married and called
for the picture. She was aghast when she saw the painting.
“Oh my God, this is the Prince himself”, she said.
Several years ago, a play was being performed in the palace

and they could not nd a pretty maid. So the queen had
dressed up the Prince as a gorgeous little girl for the
drama. This painting was painted at that time.
26
Moksha
The Prince was getting very disappointed that they could not
nd the girl and the Queen did not want to break his heart by
revealing the Truth. The advisor of the King was a wise man.
He took the picture to the Prince and revealed the Truth. He
said, “This painting is 'you', my dear Prince.” The Prince
had a hearty laugh. How could he marry himself? His despair
disappeared when he realized the Truth. The Prince overcame
his ignorance and smiled at his love for himself, the pretty
Princess in the painting, who was none other than he himself.
We too need a wise man to help us overcome the

illusion. We need a spiritual master who will lead us
to Moksha, making us realize that love in this world
is not eternal. If we are fortunate to become
Mumukshus, then our Desire for the Divine and for
Liberation will lead us to be liberated. If one wants to
achieve the Ultimate Goal of life – Liberation or
Moksha, one must pass through the four doors which
are pre-requisites for attaining Moksha.
When one builds their life on these 4 pillars, one has

created a rm foundation to be liberated. These 4,
together help us realize the Truth about Life, about
who we are and why we are here.
Who are we in reality? If one wants to achieve Moksha,

one must realize the Truth that we are the Atman, the
Divine Spirit or the Soul. Every individual being is a
manifestation of God. Every Soul, every Atman is God
itself, and therefore, when we talk to somebody, we
27
Moksha
should realize that we are talking to a manifestation of

God. Maybe the body and mind are not God, they are
just illusions. But the soul inside every human is God.
The truth is that we are all Divine beings going through
a human experience. God exists in every animal, tree,
and living being, and therefore, we should treat animals
with care and love. When we touch a tree, we should
realize that there is God within it. The fact is that we are
the soul, the Atman! We continue to live as per our
Karma - the Karma we brought to this world. When our
Karma is over, this Jivatman or embodied soul will drop
dead. Whether the Atman merges with the Paramatman,
or the ME – the Mind and Ego continue their journey of
being born again in some other form depends on our
evolution as a realized soul. If our Self-realization is
complete, we will be liberated and not be reborn. 'ME',
our Mind and Ego, stops us from realizing that we are
the Divine Soul, Atman or Energy. Due to ignorance, we
are unable to overcome the mind, transcend the ego and
control the senses.
What is our purpose on earth? The purpose of life is to

realize God, for the Atman to unite with the
Paramatman. For the Divine soul to be liberated and to
be uni ed with the Divine Creator. Many of us think
that the purpose of our life is to be happy, to raise
children, to build empires, and to have name and fame.
We don't realize that all this is transitory. Look at
someone dying. Does that person take anything with
him? Absolutely not! We should realize the truth that
28
Moksha
nothing belongs to us - not the wealth, buildings, or

assets. They are all just possessions that come into our
life and go during this short journey. We cannot even
take our near and dear ones with us at the end of our
life journey! Therefore, the goal is to be liberated and to
unite with the Divine. God is everywhere and God is in
everything! For the Atman to be liberated from the
body-mind complex, to achieve Moksha, we must live
in constant union with the Divine. This is called Yoga.
Yoga is a very important step on the path towards

attaining Moksha. Real Yoga is not just physical exercise
or breathing techniques, but a union with the Divine. Like
a SIM card is constantly connected to its network, we must
live a life of constant Yoga or union. It may be through
devotion or through meditation, spiritual study, and acts
of service to others. We must remain connected with the
Ultimate Power whom we call God. Yoga must be made a
way of life. The cycle of Yoga gives us an opportunity to
live with Dhyaana Yoga, Yoga of meditation, Karma Yoga,
the Yoga of action, Gyaana Yoga, Yoga of wisdom and
education, or Bhakti Yoga, Yoga of devotion. Whatever be
the Yoga, as long as we live in union or in Yoga, we can
achieve Moksha or Liberation. A person who wants to
achieve Moksha, becomes a true Yogi, one who lives a
yogic life.
Dhyaana Yoga is the Yoga of meditation. A true Yogi

spends his life in Dhyaana, which literally means
concentration, focus, attention, and contemplation. It
29
Moksha
starts with silence. It calls for shutting off all our 5 body
senses. It also calls for shutting off the mind. This is
very dif cult because the mind is like a monkey, it
jumps from thought to thought. Even if we sit in a
Yogic posture, with all our 5 senses switched off, it is
practically impossible to switch off the mind. The
moment we try to go into complete silence, there is one
common possibility – we fall asleep. Yoga of meditation
or Dhyaana is not about sleeping. It is about being
awake while we seem asleep. It is about being
conscious, awake and aware of our true reality. The
Divine Soul in us, during spells of Dhyaana Yoga, gets
connected with the Universal Cosmic Soul and there is
a transfer of superconscious energy.
These moments of silence or Dhyaana help in many

ways. First, it brings peace of mind by slowing down
the production of thoughts. As it reduces thoughts,
toxic energy that comes from fear, regret, worry,
anxiety and other negative thoughts ceases to exist in
that moment. At this point when one is in Dhyaana
Yoga, silent and conscious, with their super
consciousness united with the Cosmic consciousness,
one receives Divine messages which become a
command for the future actions of their life.
Once a Yogi nishes his spell of meditation, contemplation

or Dhyaan, then what? If he has a clear direction from the
Divine that appears as an intuition, Realization or
telepathic thought, he gets into action. This is called Karma
30
Moksha
Yoga. The Yogi acts as the instrument of the Divine and

executes the Divine Will with total devotion and
dedication. Not for a moment does the Yogi think that
he is doing anything. He realizes that he is nothing. He
is not the ego, mind or body. He is the Divine Life
Energy, the Soul, the Chi, the Prana or the Atman that
ows in each of the approximately 37 trillion cells that
seem to form his physical body. As a human being
embodied in this body-mind complex, the true Yogi
remains in Union or Yoga through his actions. He is
conscious of the fact that these are not his actions. He is
just acting on behalf of the Divine. He is doing nothing;
everything is being done by the Divine. So, in the end,
whatever be the result of the action, he offers it back to
the Divine as a humble offering from a Yogi who is
performing Karma Yoga or the Yoga of action.
Normally, people who are not Yogis, act as the ego,

mind, and body. Their actions invoke an equal reaction
as per the Law of Karma. This universal law states that
what you give is what you get or as you sow, so shall
you reap. It is the law of the boomerang that works on
the principle - what goes around comes around.
Normal human beings are faced with their past Karma
in every circumstance of Life, just as their present action
causes the Karma for future circumstances. The cycle of
Karma goes on and doesn't stop at death. The body
dies, but the mind and ego are reborn to face the
previous Karma that have not been redeemed.
However, a Yogi is free from Karma. Because he is a
31
Moksha
Karma Yogi, none of his Karma is his Karma. Karma

means action, but the Yogi doesn't own any of his
actions. Although he acts, he is acting on behalf of the
Divine as the Divine instrument, and therefore, he is
liberated from Karma. This Liberation from Karma
not only liberates him from all suffering of the ego,
mind, and body but also liberates him from a possible
future rebirth. Thus, Karma Yoga has a profound
meaning in the overall philosophy of Yoga.
The next Yoga is Bhakti Yoga. Bhakti Yoga is Union

with the Divine through any form of prayer or
devotion. When we are born, as kids, we normally
have faith in a personal God. Whatever be our
religion and whoever is our God, we love our God
with heart and Soul. Our faith grows stronger into
belief and trust and causes our enthusiasm. We visit
temples because of Bhakti or love for God. Normally,
the emotion of Bhakti is very strong, born out of Love
for the Divine. It grows into a deep passion and
obsession, seeking God above everything else.
Bhakti is common, but Bhakti Yoga is not common.

Billions around the world have Bhakti or devotion, but
not a fraction of them are in Bhakti Yoga. Bhakti Yoga
calls for Realization that we are the Divine Soul, not the
body that we seem to be. We are none other than the
Divine Consciousness that is everywhere. Realization of
this, when expressed in the form of Bhakti, creates a
spiritual ecstasy unknown to man. No doubt all this is
32
Moksha
Bhakti - performing prayers and rituals, reciting the

name of God, singing Bhajans or hymns, but it is doing
all this in Union with the Divine that makes us enjoy
Bhakti Yoga, with the realization that we are a
manifestation of the Divine. Bhakti Yoga or the Yoga of
devotion is magical because it creates that deep longing
in an embodied Soul to be liberated and be united with
the Divine. It is Bhakti Yoga that craves for the wave to
become part of the ocean. Unfortunately, unlike the
wave that naturally comes from the ocean and goes
back into it, we human beings are prisoners in a body-
mind complex, facing Karma due to our past actions. To
be liberated, one of the most effective Yogas taught by
spiritual masters is Bhakti Yoga.
When we love the Divine so intensely and we pray, we

even cry in entreaty. This passion for the Divine creates a
union that helps us remain in Yoga and nally achieve our
Ultimate Goal of Liberation. Bhakti Yoga is also a very
Joyous experience of a true Yogi. In this Yoga of devotion,
a Yogi is so lost in his Union with the Divine, that he
transcends the world and its allurements, remaining in a
state of Divine Yoga. Some people spend their entire life in
Bhakti Yoga. Unfortunately, sometimes, there is a very
strong Bhakti, but no Union or Yoga. What is needed is
Bhakti Yoga, being united with the Divine, in devotion
with the Realization of Truth that the Lord is none other
than the Divine Soul, that the Lord is no different from us,
that we are nothing but a manifestation of the Divine.
Sometimes, we need Bhakti Yoga to lead us
33
Moksha
into the nal step of Yoga - Gyaana Yoga, the Yoga of

Education which helps us realize the Truth as we
gain intuitive wisdom when in our quest and we are
united with the Divine.
Gyaana Yoga is the Yoga of wisdom or Education.

Yoga is not just about being in Union with the Divine
through meditation, action, and devotion. We need
Education. How else will we realize the Truth? Every
child that is born must learn to develop their faculty
of intelligence. We learn to discriminate between
right and wrong, just as we learn to contemplate and
build our devotion. However, each human being is
covered by a blanket of ignorance, dark ignorance
that we must be liberated from. No doubt, we can
overcome this darkness by the Yoga of meditation, if
we are spiritually inspired by an intuitive experience.
We can also overcome this darkness when we serve
the suffering humanity as a blessing from the Divine
due to our Karma Yoga. Another way to overcome
this darkness is through our devotion. Our devotion
to the Divine can open the doors and enlighten us
with the Truth. Whatever be the Yoga that triggers
our Realization of the Truth, it takes the form of
Gyaana, or wisdom.
The Yoga of education, wisdom or knowledge, Gyaana

Yoga, is a Yoga that uses the intellect to discriminate
and realize the Truth. A true Yogi who wants to be
ever-united with the Divine, often spends hours, even
34
Moksha
days engrossed in the study of scripture. He reads

theology and philosophy and tries to discriminate
between reality and illusion to realize the Truth about
our existence, the creation of this universe and the
Creator. A true Yogi spends time in Gyaana Yoga till
he has the spiritual 'Aha!' moment.
Some people divide Yoga into four distinct types as

enumerated above but some believe Yoga is one
seamless state of living life. It is only through Yoga
that we can be liberated from the world and united
with the Divine. It is Yoga that leads us to the
realization of the truth.
What is this Realization all about? Normally it starts

with the simple Realization that we are not the body.
For this, Gyaana Yoga is needed. Education to
understand what the body is, how it is formed, how
it deteriorates and dies. Gyaana Yoga is also needed to
nd the mind. Where is the mind? We can nd our
toes and our nose, we can nd our heart and our
brain, but where is the mind we cannot nd.
Without Gyaana Yoga or Yoga of education, we will

never realize that the mind is an illusion. Ultimately,
Gyaana Yoga makes us realize that we are the Divine
Soul. In fact, it is this Yoga that makes us realize that
we are nothing, just energy, a manifestation of the
Divine. Gyaana is one of the 4 Yogas that keeps us
constantly united with the Divine.
35
Moksha
What stops us from Yoga? The doctrine of Moksha says

that it is Avidya or ignorance. We live life thinking we are
the ego, mind, and body. Our own mind stops us from
realizing the Truth of who we truly are and why we are
here. Together, the Ego and the Mind gets caught in a web
of desires. We should let go of our desires and our ego.
One of the most important components of achieving
Moksha is letting go of the things that tie us to our life in
the physical world. This is part of the reason that most
people renounce society and live a simple, ascetic lifestyle
once they are ready to achieve Moksha. Practising sel ess
acts of service, such as helping the sick or the needy, helps
us let go of our desires and attachments. When we start
seeing beyond body-mind-ego, we start seeing Divinity in
all the things around us. We realize that every living being
is the manifestation of God and we start loving one and all
as God.
Ignorance is a big obstacle on the path to achieving

Moksha. In order to overcome it, one should spend time
contemplating physical, mental, and emotional self-
control. One should also understand the Truth that this
world is an illusion and the goal of our life is Moksha.
We should try to overcome ignorance using our
intellect. We can overcome ignorance if we realize that
we are not the ego, mind, and body. Although we live
in a body-mind complex and though we are the Soul
and we refer to ourselves as 'I', we must live with the
realization that 'we are not this, we are that'. We are not
the ego, the mind, the body but rather that Divine
36
Moksha
Energy, the power that gives life for our existence.

Overcoming this ignorance helps us attain
Enlightenment.
To overcome this ignorance, the Hindu Faith advocated

the starting point to be 'Neti Neti – not this, not this'.
'Tat Twam Asi, thou art that' - What does this mean?
“Not this, Not this” – you are not this body. These are
important words from the Upanishads, and only those
who are keen to seek the truth will understand it. Isn't it
true that when we die, we leave the body behind?
This is a simple truth that we are not the physical

body. We are the Atman, the Soul. How many of us
truly understand the truth? Those who understand
the truth realize the self and move on towards God-
realization and the path of enlightenment. This path
is tough and long but it starts with these three simple
words: “Tat Twam Asi” meaning Thou Art That! We
should think and meditate on the following questions
– Who am I? What am I? And we can realize the
truth, “I am not this, I am that”.
All these are very complicated concepts and it needs the

help of a learned sage, a spiritual master to overcome
ignorance and realize the Truth. Working with a Guru,
or spiritual teacher is considered a vital part of
achieving Moksha. To discover the secret of life and to
evolve on the journey of Self-Realization, one needs a
spiritual master or a Guru. Without a Guru
37
Moksha
who takes us from 'Gu', darkness, to 'Ru', light, who

helps us overcome our ignorance, we will never
acquire the wisdom to realize the Truth of Life. The
Guru is the one who helps us go on a quest and
realize the Truth. Otherwise, we will suffer birth after
birth. It is the Guru who leads us to acquire wisdom,
to develop our devotion and to tread the spiritual
path that will lead us to Moksha. Without a Guru,
self-realization and God-realization are impossible.
The spiritual masters who lived 40 centuries ago,

seemed to have some spiritual intuition. This
intuition is now known as self-Realization and God-
Realization. Essentially, this was the Realization by
the true seekers of God of their real identity. Those
who were true Bhaktas or devotees of God went on a
quest and realized that we are the Divine Atman or
Soul. We are not the ego or mind, nor are we the
body that dies. Those rare few who realize this Truth
attain Mukti or Moksha and are liberated.
What is this Realization? The physical body dies. We

are not this body that is constantly changing. It starts as
a tiny zygote and is born as a baby. Then it grows and
ultimately, dies. We are not this outer covering of esh,
blood, bone, and skin. We are the Atman that lives
within. The moment we realize this that we are not the
ego, mind or body, what happens? All our Karma of the
past gets wiped off immediately. Why? Because the
Karma belongs to ME (Mind+Ego) that drives the body
38
Moksha
into action. When we realize that we are neither the

body, ego, or mind, we are liberated from all Karma.
The sages used to spend hours, days and weeks in
silence, meditating on these spiritual mysteries and
were blessed with these right answers.
What else did the Hindu sages believe that together

constituted the Hindu Faith, which considered Moksha
to be the Ultimate Goal? In those days it was said that
spiritual messages were intuitively received by certain
blessed believers or saints from the Creator, who then
passed on these messages by word of mouth, Shruti,
often as hymns and songs to the next generations. The
generations that followed nally, recorded these
spiritual Truths as the Vedas. This probably happened
from 2000 BC to 1000 BC. Finally, by about 200 BC, they
appeared in India. These spiritual revelations said to be
received by scholars directly from God, culminated as
the Upanishads. They carried the essential message of
the Vedas and summarized it in four principal
statements or Mahavakyas.
1.Tat Tvam Asi - "Thou art That," – you are not this
body or this mind. You are that- the Divine Soul.
2.Ayam Atma Brahma - This soul is God. Since we are

not the body, nor are we the mind, what are we? We
are the Soul. The Soul is nothing but a manifestation
of the Divine.
39
Moksha
3.Prajnanam Brahma – Everything on earth is a

manifestation of God. My Soul is Divine, your Soul is
Divine, there is Divinity everywhere, in everything.
4.Aham Brahma Asmi - "I am the Divine." Since I am

not the ego, the mind, the body, then I am nothing
other than the Soul, I am Divinity itself. I am nothing
but a manifestation of the Divine.
These four principal statements of the Upanishads are

the essence of the Vedas, the crux of the 5000-year-old
Hindu Faith or Sanatana Dharma. They summarise the
entire belief of our life purpose. We are not this mortal
body, nor are we the mind, we are the Soul which is the
manifestation of the Divine. Some people
misunderstand the statement to be full of arrogance and
ego when they literally translate it to “I am God,” The
humble ones realize that the teachings here infer, “I am
nothing. I am a manifestation of the Divine. God is
everything. God is everywhere.”
It is these four statements that can make one ultimately

realize that at death of the body, the Soul must be
liberated to unite with the Divine. If one realizes the
truth what these four principal statements of the
Upanishads are explaining, one will realize that at
death of the body, the Soul will be liberated and it will
unite with the Divine. How can one understand this
truth? How can one imagine that the Soul will unite
with the Divine? To understand the Soul and its
40
Moksha
uni cation, one may compare it with two balloons,

two pieces of dead rubber which suddenly become
full of life when we in ate them with air. Now they
are two lively balloons. The moment we de ate the
balloons, the air inside the balloons unites and
merges to become one. Is it possible to separate the
air of the de ated balloons? Impossible! It has
already uni ed, so does our Soul. At death, when the
Soul leaves the body, it uni es with the Soul that is
everywhere, the Omnipresent Divine Soul.
Fortunately, we human beings see the death of a

body and we presume that the person has passed
away, but we do not realize that the Soul that was
giving life to the body, has left. Thus there is death
and there is no breath. The Upanishads tell us that
this is the ultimate truth that we are not the body that
dies, we are not even the 'ME', Mind and the Ego,
that takes birth again and again, but we are the
Divine Soul, that Energy that departed at death.
When the spiritual sages started their contemplation,

they essentially started with the realization 'Neti
Neti,' - We are not this body, not the mind. When
they realized this profound Truth, they inferred that
we are the Atman or the Divine Life Energy that
arrives at birth and departs at death.
What is the Atman, the Spirit or the Soul? In today's

context, it is like electricity in our homes. Just like a bulb
41
Moksha
cannot function on its own and it needs electric power

to light it up, similarly, our body and mind cannot come
alive without the Atman in it. The Life Energy in each
cell of our body that keeps it alive is nothing but
Spiritual Energy that powers every cell of our body.
Without that Power, our body will be lifeless and will
return to dust. This is the power known as the Soul, the
Atman. Just like the electric source that supplies power
to our house is the same source that supplies to other
houses, the source of our Life Energy is one, the Cosmic
Divine Power. It gives life to all living things on earth. It
is this Power that keeps all of us alive just as it keeps
the universe moving.
The sages also contemplated death. Every human being

dies but what happens at death? Only the physical
body dies. The life inside that body departs at death, as
is clearly seen. What happened to that mind and ego,
that was the software of the human-computer? The real
'ME' – Mind and Ego, has left the body along with the
Atman, the Soul. It is not an easy concept for us to
understand because we, human beings are caught in
Maya, the cosmic illusion. We, human beings don't see
beyond. If anybody removes an ornament, say a gold
bangle from their hand and asks us what that is, we
immediately say that it's a bangle. In reality, this is
Maya. It is not a bangle, it is only gold. If we remove the
gold from the bangle, there is no bangle. Then why do
we call it a bangle? This is because it appears to be the
bangle. Similarly, we don't
42
Moksha
realize that in reality, this body is only what we wear,

but we are not the body though we appear to be the
body. We are the Atman, the Soul. The Atman is the
Paramatman. The Soul or Life Energy inside us is the
same power we call God. If there is no God inside our
body, there will be no life in us, like gold is the cause
and the bangle is the effect. It is just the form that gold
appears as. Similarly, God is the cause and we are mere
effects. Today, the world very well accepts the Law of
Cause and Effect and if we contemplate deeply, we will
realize that we are just the Divine effects. The Universal
Divine is the cause. Just like Gold is the cause, the
bracelet, the bangle, the ring, and the chain are just the
effects. If we remove the gold, nothing remains.
Similarly, when the Divinity leaves us, nothing remains,
there is no life, no breath and we experience death. This
is part of the belief of Moksha.
We must realize that our biggest enemy on the path of

Moksha is ME – our own Mind + Ego. This ME causes
the greatest harm in our life. Why is ME the greatest
enemy? It is because the mind bombards us with
thoughts, it creates stress, and it causes us to worry. But
more important than all this - the mind blocks the
realization of the Truth. It does not permit us to realize
that we are not the body, not the mind. It does not
allow us to transcend suffering. It constantly produces
thoughts that make us prisoners in this body-mind
complex and causes suffering. Thus, it is one of our two
43
Moksha
greatest enemies and creates obstacles on the path to

Moksha or Liberation.
The second greatest enemy is our ego. Together, ME

– the Mind + Ego - destroy our peace, happiness, and
stop us from realizing the truth. The ego constantly
makes us live with a fake identity. We all say, “I am
John. I am Mary. I am Smith.” But this is a lie! This is
only our name but our ego makes us believe the lie as
reality. The ego makes us so entrenched in the
personality that we are, that it seems impossible to
change our identity, realize the Truth, and live as the
one who we truly are. Yes, this is what life is actually
about, but unfortunately, most of humanity doesn't
realize this Truth.
We live in ignorance, blinded by Maya, the cosmic

illusion and we go through life. We live and die
probably to be reborn for one more life cycle. While
there is no proof of this, there is enough inference. We
infer that the Law of Karma exists. That is the reason
why some people are born in fortunate circumstances
and others in unfortunate circumstances. Why else
would this happen? Thus, we infer the Law of Karma
exists.The Mind and Ego 'ME' is the real cause of all
Karma, our actions that ultimately lead us to taking
birth again and again. And thus we repeatedly suffer.
Then, when does this story end? The sages realized and
believed that the end was Moksha. Moksha means
44
Moksha
Mukti or Liberation which happens if we are free from

rebirth. One can be free from rebirth only when one has
redeemed all Karma. This seems impossible because
there will always be some leftover Karma to settle. It is
only the body, mind, ego that create Karma. When we
are not the body-mind-ego, then there is no question of
any Karma being created. Although we act, we act in
Karma Yoga, as an instrument of the Divine. Thus, we
are not creating Karma for ourself, and therefore, there
is no need to be reborn to redeem our own actions.
The sages concluded that we are embodied Souls

imprisoned in body-mind complex based on our Karma
and thus we suffer. But there is a way to escape rebirth,
to escape our own Karma. It starts with the realization
of the Truth that we are not the body, we are not the
mind. This realization leads to Liberation from the cycle
of death and rebirth. Most of the religions follow
similar beliefs but call them by different names. Unless
one goes on a quest, one will never realize the Truth
about death and rebirth. Religions preached that our
goal was Liberation or Moksha - the uni cation of our
Atman or the Soul with the Paramatman or the Creator.
Hindu Faith had very profound principles on which the
concept of Moksha stood. However, over centuries the
Hindu Faith became Hinduism and got diluted with so
many Gods, a lot of mythology, rituals, and
superstitions that confused not only Hindus but all of
humanity.
45
Moksha
Due to our ignorance or Avidya, we suffer, not just in

this life, but we take rebirth again and again to redeem
our past Karma. Moksha is an escape from such rebirth.
It is a Liberation from suffering. How does one attain
Moksha?At death, one of the two things happens. As
the body dies and becomes dust, the Mind and Ego-ME,
takes birth once again as per our accumulated Karma.
However, if we realize we are the Divine Soul, not the
body, mind, and ego that we appear to be, then we are
liberated from the cycle of rebirth and we are uni ed
with the Divine. That is Moksha. Is Moksha achieved
only after death? Yes. The ultimate Moksha, the total
Liberation and Uni cation happens after our journey on
earth. However, a Jivatman, a human being who is an
embodied Soul, becomes a Jivanmukta or liberated Soul
once he realizes the Truth. Realization is the absolute
knowledge of who we are. It is a state of self-
Realization. Jivanmukta is one who is liberated when
alive, one who has achieved a state of Mukti or
Liberation while alive, subject to living a life of
Jivanmukta. It calls for one to transcend ego, mind, and
body, although alive in it.
A Jivanmukta lives as an instrument of the Divine. He

does not believe that the action is his. Thus, a Jivanmukta
is not creating any future Karma and doesn't have to
come back to live another life on earth. A Jivanmukta has
to be a Stithpragya, one who has a steady intellect. It is
one who doesn't waver in thought
46
Moksha
because he is intellectually stable. A Jivanmukta or

Stithpragya doesn't fall prey to the senses or the mind.
In such a state, he renounces all kinds of intoxications
and he lives as a master of the ego, mind, and body.
Eventually, at death, he is not reborn, he attains
Moksha and is liberated.
Moksha has no author. No saint or God with name and

form is given credit to its origin. This state of God-
Realization is what the Rishis or the sages who lived
4000-5000 years ago, received as a direct intuition or
Aparokshanubhuti when they sat in meditation to
contemplate the Truth. They were the true sages of the
original Hindu Faith, Sanatana Dharma.
While the priests and the sages originally were very

committed, with time they became very powerful and
greedy which made them lose focus on the core
philosophy and the belief system of the Upanishads.
Somewhere around 6th century BC, a Hindu prince
Siddharth Gautama went on a quest and contemplated the
beliefs of the era. He questioned rituals, superstitions as
well as the corrupt power of the priests who were
controlling religion in the kingdom. He refused to believe
in all the dogmas, the caste system prescribed by the
priests and found that these would not lead to Moksha or
Liberation. How could sacri cing innocent animals please
God, he thought amongst many other questions and
objections that came to his mind. He
47
Moksha
awakened to the Truth as Buddha and became

known as the 'Awakened One'. He reframed the
concept of Moksha and titled it as Nirvana with his
own practical beliefs and logical principles. Let us
study what Nirvana is all about.
Moksha is a concept 5000 years old,

To renounce and discriminate one must be bold.
Then there will be Liberation from misery on earth,
And we will escape the cycle of death and rebirth.
48
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 3
Moksha
 Hindu scriptures describe Moksha as Spiritual

Liberation from the continuous cycle of death and
rebirth, and attainment of an eternal and blissful state
that transcends all of the sufferings of the physical body.

 About 4000 years ago when the Hindu Faith was
known as Sanatana Dharma, people accepted Moksha
as the Ultimate Goal of life.

 It is said that in ancient times, spiritual messages
were intuitively received by certain blessed believers
or saints from the Creator, who then passed on these
messages by word of mouth, to the next generations. 

 These spiritual revelations were received by the sages of
original Hindu Faith directly from God. Of these messages

- four principal statements, form the essence of the
Vedas and are known as the Mahavakyas. They are :
 1. Tat Tvam Asi - "Thou art That," – you are not this
body or this mind. You are that- the Divine Soul.

 2. Ayam Atma Brahma - This soul is God. Since we are not
the body, nor are we the mind, what are we? We are the soul.
The Soul is nothing but a manifestation of the Divine. 

 3. Prajnanam Brahma – Everything on earth is a
manifestation of God. My soul is Divine, your soul is
Divine, there is Divinity everywhere, in everything.
49
 4. Aham Brahma Asmi - "I am the Divine." Since I am
not the ego, the mind, the body, then I am nothing
other than the Soul, I am Divinity itself. I am nothing
but a manifestation of the Divine.

 These four principal statements of the Upanishads
are the essence of the Vedas, the crux of the 5000-
year-old Hindu Faith. They summarise the entire
belief of our life purpose. We are not this mortal
body, nor are we the mind, we are the Soul which is
the manifestation of the Divine.

 Yoga is a very important step on the path towards
attaining Moksha. Real Yoga is not just physical exercise
or breathing techniques, but a Union with the Divine.
There are 4 ways to live a Yogic Life, through
meditation Dhyaana Yoga, action Karma Yoga, devotion
Bhakti Yoga, and education Gyaana Yoga.
 Moksha prescribes four doors that one should pass

through before one is ready to start their journey of
freedom. These four doors are: Discrimination,
Dispassion or Detachment, Discipline of body and
mind, Desire for the Divine and Liberation.

 The sages who lived 4000-5000 years ago were the
true sages of the original Hindu Faith, Sanatana
Dharma. With time, Hindu Faith diluted to the current
form of rituals and superstitions and this made
Hinduism lose focus on the core philosophy and the
belief system of the Upanishads.
50
CHAPTER
04
Nirvana
51
Nirvana
What is Nirvana? It is a state of Ananda, eternal bliss,

and joy. It is overcoming the ignorance that we live in
and being enlightened with the Truth. It is a state of
self-realization, a state that liberates us from misery
and sorrow while we are alive. Not only that, it also
liberates us from the cycle of death and rebirth.
Unlike Moksha which has no author, Nirvana is the

brainchild of Prince Siddhartha Gautama who went on
to be known as the Buddha or the awakened one. Tired
of the inhumane practices during his time, he
renounced his kingdom, all the wealth and luxury and
went in pursuit of the truth. He saw so much suffering,
so much cruelty that his heart was torn into pieces.
Being full of compassion, he went from sage to sage,
monk to monk, from one ashram to another monastery
searching for the truth. To him, nothing else mattered.
Being a Hindu Kshatriya, the royal class, he was tired of
the in uence of the Brahmins, the priestly class who
had manipulated theology to suppress the lower castes.
He questioned every ritual and superstition until he
nally awakened to the truth.
Let us try to understand how Nirvana came about.

Around 1000 BC, the Hindu Faith also known as Sanatana
Dharma, that prescribed Moksha to be the Ultimate Goal of
life started getting diluted into Hinduism. Earlier, God
was considered to be a power that was omnipresent,
omnipotent, omniscient but by now, Hinduism had
52
Nirvana
become a religion of rituals and superstitions. It became

a religion of innumerable Gods with name and form.
The priestly caste or the Brahmins became very

powerful, even more powerful than the kings
themselves. To keep their power supreme, they created
several rituals and superstitions that started making
Hinduism unpopular. These included the caste system,
which made life for the poor people miserable.
Nirvana became a solution to all the ills that developed

in the Hindu belief system. When the Hindu Prince of
Kapilvastu, Siddhartha Gautama who later became the
Buddha, grew up to be a young man, he questioned the
supremacy of the Brahmins just as he wondered why so
many illogical rituals and superstitions were being
followed. While he grew up in a palace and was
protected from all the signs of suffering, it is said when
he was born, he was destined to become a world
conqueror, either he would be king of kings or he
would be the most realized spiritual leader who would
win over humanity with his love and compassion. This
was a matter of great concern to the king and queen.
Since a noble sage prophesied that the prince

Siddhartha Gautama could become the biggest saint
humanity has ever seen, his father, the king was
disturbed and made all-out efforts for the prince to live
in the lap of luxury so that his mind never entered into
the realm of spirituality, but as destiny would have it,
what the sages had proclaimed became true.
53
Nirvana
The king did everything he could to keep his son

away from the thoughts of suffering. He even made a
new city where the sick and the old were shifted so
his son would never see the dawn of suffering in life.
But eventually, the prince came face to face with
suffering and death.
What were the various realizations of the prince

before he was enlightened to be the Buddha? The
Prince had a very kind and compassionate heart.
Although he was a very happy person, he felt
saddened by the suffering that he saw. He is said to
have observed 'four signs' which led him to his quest.
First, he saw an old man, which made him realize
that life on earth is not permanent. We will not
remain young and healthy forever. None of us can
escape old age. He realized that the body will become
weak and this will ultimately lead to suffering.
He then saw a sick person and was distraught to see

the suffering in this world due to disease. As a prince,
he had been sheltered from seeing such pain. He
realized that most of us will suffer as our bodies will
face disease and decay.
He went on to see a corpse that made him realize that

life is not a continuous process. We all have to die
one day and with death, we will lose all our pleasures
and possessions that we believe belong to us.
54
Nirvana
While he saw these three signs of suffering, he also

saw a monk sitting in meditation peacefully beneath
a tree. The peace and bliss on the face of the monk
inspired him to realize that it was possible to live
with joy and tranquillity. Unfortunately, he had not
been exposed to these realities of life.
The prince did not become the Buddha overnight. His

quest led him from being a seeker to a master. The
prince Siddharth did unusual things, quite unlike a
king. He refused to go to war as it would lead to a loss
of so many lives. He was compassionate and for him
winning a kingdom was not as important as saving
lives was. The turning point in his life was when he saw
a war, in which hundreds of people lay dead on the
battle eld. He was shocked to see the suffering and
bloodshed and wondered why. He realized the futility
of war and the need for peace. Seeing the horror, the
prince said, “I don't want this wealth, this kingdom, I
don't want war, I don't want power. I want peace, I
want Liberation from this misery, this pain.”
Once, the prince was asked by saints to kill an animal

as a sacri ce as per the scriptures but he refused to do
it. Not just this, he refused to do anything that was
inhuman and lacked compassion. He was against
rituals, superstitions and gave utmost importance to
kindness and fairness as he looked at each issue
practically and with human eyes.
55
Nirvana
In his quest for the Truth, Siddhartha went on to

become a Sanyasi, a renunciate and went deep into
meditation. As the future king of Kapilvastu, Prince
Siddhartha Gautama was not attracted by the
kingdom and the wealth that he possessed. Even
though he had a beautiful wife and a lovely son, he
left his family, mother and father included, one night
to go into the forest in search of the truth. The prince
realized that to be peaceful, one must live with
Ahimsa or non-violence, a philosophy that believed
that we must not cause any injury to anybody in
thought, word or deed. He advocated that we must
forgive unconditionally. Every human being makes
mistakes in life but the moment we realize our
wrongdoings, we are forgiven by the Divine.
After that, Siddhartha Gautama became a Tapasvi,

living a life of sacri ce and deprivation. He even gave
up eating fruits and drinking water to deprive the
senses of the body, he gave up all desires, for the
purpose of achieving Liberation. In his quest for the
Truth, Siddhartha Gautama happened to meet some of
the followers of Mahavira, a sect that followed the Jain
Tirthankaras. To them, life was all about Tapasya, letting
the body suffer physical pain and living with deep
austerities. He himself went into such a practice till it is
said that he nearly died as he deprived his body of food
and water. A young maiden exclaimed, “You have
become like a stick where your front and your
56
Nirvana
back have become one. What is the use of such a life?”

She asked the prince who was in search of the truth,
“How would such deep Tapasya and austerity help in
realization and Liberation? If you make the string of the
sitar very loose, you cannot extract music from it, just as
tightening too much will snap it." The Buddha realized
that such extreme austerities would not help us to
achieve the goal of life. He realized that one cannot
realize the Truth by making the body suffer. It is
through the body that one achieves Liberation. He then
coined a new way known as the 'Middle Path'
philosophy for people to live a balanced life.
The way to realization is through self-effort. Realization is

intuitive. A Guru can guide but cannot give Mukti.
Siddharth was called the Buddha because he realized the
Truth by his own experience, going within. He told his
fellow monks, “ There is no need of doing sacri ces and
Tapasya. We must not torture the body. This is Avidya or
ignorance. We must live with the realization of the truth.
We need to realize ourselves.” “Our biggest problem is
our ego. Due to our ignorance, our ego creates worry, fear,
and misery by believing in illusions following rituals and
superstitions which make no sense. Ignorance creates
arrogance, it makes us angry, we worry, live with fear and
anxiety all due to our ignorance.”
The Buddha called his realizations the Four Noble

Truths of Life. What were the four noble truths?
57
Nirvana
1.Dukkha – the world is full of suffering.
2.Samudaya- the origin of suffering is desire.
3.Nirodha- if we give up desire, we can escape suffering.
4.Magga- there is a path to follow to renounce desires,

which ultimately came to be known as the Eight-fold
Path.
Let us understand what the four noble truths are. The

rst was the existence of suffering or Dukkha. The
sights that the Buddha saw as a prince shocked him,
just as they made him realize that one cannot escape
from suffering. As long as the universe exists, misery
will follow us like our shadow.
When he went on a quest to understand why we

humans suffer, he realized the second Truth of the
origin of suffering Samudāya. He advocated that
suffering was mostly caused by desire or craving or
Trishna. The cause of this misery is attachment or
craving and desire for somebody or something. It is
important to activate our intellect and realize the
truth, not to react to any joy or sorrow with too much
passion. If we follow the right path, we will be
peaceful, blissful and we will be liberated from this
world of misery and from suffering.
The Buddha taught that the way to extinguish desire,
58
Nirvana
which causes suffering, is to liberate oneself from

attachment. This is the third Noble Truth - the
possibility of liberation, the cessation of suffering or
Nirodha.
Was there a way to overcome this suffering? Yes. One

could live a life of bliss or Nirvana. The nal Noble Truth
is the Buddha's prescription for the end of suffering, the
path to the cessation of suffering or Magga. However, he
taught us that we cannot achieve Nirvana unless we
follow a particular path, which he later called the Eight-
fold Path. What was this Eight-fold Path?
1.Right Understanding: The Buddha taught us that we

must not accept anything without proper discrimination.
2.Right Intention: The Buddha advocated that our

intentions should be pure, not cunning or manipulative.
3.Right Speech: Whatever we speak must be the truth

and must bring about positive consequences. We
must not hurt anybody with our words.
4.Right Action: We must not do anything that harms

others. Our actions must only be for the good of
humanity.
5.Right Livelihood: We should make a living through

ethical means, living with values.
6.Right Effort: We must control thoughts and feelings
59
Nirvana
from leading us to evil actions.
7.Right Mindfulness: Living with awareness and

consciousness of the truth and nothing else.
8.Right Concentration: Training the mind to think,

introspect and contemplate the right and pure thoughts.
The Buddha described the Eight-fold Path as a means to

Nirvana, like a raft that is needed for crossing a river. It
was by following this path, said the Buddha, that we
can cross the river of Samsara. After becoming the
Buddha and being blessed to realize the Truth, being
the 'Awakened One,' the Buddha dedicated his life to
helping people live a life of peace because all around
him, he saw people suffering and living a life of
ignorance with stress, worry, and anxiety.
He created 'the Sangha' and welcomed people to join it by

shaving off their hair, wearing orange robes and following
the rules of the Sangha. While he made certain rules to
join 'the Sangha', he did not expect everybody who
followed his teachings to do so. He went from city to city,
kingdom to kingdom, teaching people to live a life of
peace and nonviolence. Whether it was the richest king, a
religious priest, a rich businessman or a low caste
scavenger, to him all were equal. In those days, women
were not allowed to evolve spiritually or take important
positions, but the Buddha changed even this belief
because he believed in the concept of equality. He
60
Nirvana
welcomed everybody to join his 'Sangha' including

women.
In the times when the Buddha lived, there was so much

disparity in the society because of the caste system.
Society was divided into four castes – the Brahmins or
priestly people, the Kshatriyas also called Rajanyas who
were the rulers, administrators, and warriors, the
Vaishyas or artisans, merchants, tradesmen, and
farmers, and Shudras or labouring classes, the poorest of
the castes. The poor and the weak in society were
tormented and tortured. He questioned why this should
be so because all humans are equal. He opposed the
concept of 'untouchables' that existed in the Hindu
society then, just as he questioned the supremacy of the
kings and the Brahmins. According to the Buddha, to
look down upon another human being based on caste
and creed is a shame. Although the scriptures and the
society in those days strongly followed the caste
system, the Buddha openly opposed it and gave
importance to the equality of all humanity.
Buddha's teachings and thoughts destroyed this caste

system with the logic that all human beings are the
same, our tears are the same just as our blood is. The
skies and the clouds, the mountains and the streams,
do not differentiate in the way they treat humanity. If
nature doesn't differentiate, then why should a man
do so? Buddha said all humanity is equal. We must
not divide people into high caste and low caste. The
61
Nirvana
Buddha, thus, accepted untouchables as a part of his

following. Although he knew there would be great
opposition from the priests and the kings, he boldly
renounced all divisions of society as per caste. This
was one major change in society at that time.
As the prince, the Buddha was very friendly with king

Bimbisar, king of Magadha, and the king continued to
be his friend even after Sidharth Gautama became
Buddha. King Bimbisar changed his entire style of
ruling the kingdom and implemented the teachings of
the Buddha setting aside the advocacies of the priests,
even at the cost of antagonizing them.
One can follow the Buddha's path by living with the

ve virtues that the Buddha advocated. All the
religions of the world are based on the fundamental
principles of good conduct and prohibit their
followers to indulge in the misconduct and
misbehaviour that may harm society at large. So, the
Panchshila of Buddha comprises the basic teachings of
conduct which are as under:
1. We should never kill anybody, not even an animal.
2. We should never steal.
3. We should not live with adultery.
4. We should not lie in any way.
62
Nirvana
5. We should not consume any kind of intoxicants.
When the Buddha was asked how one should live, he

said that we should follow the ve rules of life. Buddha
also said that not everyone needs to become a Bhikshu
or monk to realize the Truth. Somebody asked Buddha,
“Why do you beg. Why can't you farm your own food?
He replied, “ I'm also farming my soul and with the
grains, I will feed Souls.” It's not that Bhikshus do
nothing. They do far more important work than just
farming or other work. They save people from misery.
Helping people to be liberated is more important.
The Buddha was very practical and prescribed a

lifestyle that would make one blissful and peaceful.
The Buddha lived a life that set an example for his
followers. He chose humility and non-violence over
victory and power. He transcended the body, mind,
and ego with his compassion and love. Through his
sacri ce and renunciation, he inspired people to
embark on a journey of ultimate peace and joy. He
showed sympathy even to his biggest enemy because
he realized the true meaning of life.
The Buddha explained how anger burns our peace and

happiness. We spend time in unnecessary arguments
and then, create poison within our own hearts and
become miserable. When we get angry, we throw
burning coal at others to destroy them, but before that,
the burning coal burns our own hands. The Buddha
63
Nirvana
said: Hatred can not be defeated by hatred, it can only be

overcome by means of compassion. It is the rm and
unchangeable Law of Nature.
He gave a lot of importance to contemplation and

realization of the Truth. In his life, there were several
instances where he transformed people, sinners, and
criminals by his spiritual wisdom.
The Buddha was very clear that all our suffering was
due to ignorance. We experience suffering from birth
to death. To be happy, we desire, we crave, we have
expectations from others, and ultimately, we are
disappointed. This distances us from the bliss that is
within. He advocated that we must nd peace and
happiness by going within. Why do we chase money
and pleasure in the journey of life that is so short?
Instead, we can live with love, compassion, kindness
and create a blissful heaven wherever we are. We
create our own fears, worries, and miseries by our
own mind. One who transcends their mind, said the
Buddha, has conquered the whole world. It is most
unfortunate, he said, that we do not understand what
the true and Ultimate Goal of life is. He termed that
state as 'Nirvana'. The only way to achieve Nirvana is
through the realization of the Truth, contemplating
spiritual wisdom that will liberate us, and living with
soulful love for one and all.
We think we are everything when in reality, we are
64
Nirvana
nothing. This is nothing but ignorance. What does

ignorance do? It makes us live a life of illusion. It
creates worry, stress, and anxiety which is the cause
of all our misery. What is ego? The ego gives birth to
wild sensual desires of the body, just as it permits the
mind to create miserable thoughts. When we realize
the Truth of the cosmic illusion, we experience a state
of everlasting peace. We live with compassion and
love, despite all circumstances and evil-doing of
those around us. Nothing affects a realized soul,
explained the Buddha. We must activate our intellect
to overcome miseries - that is the way to escape from
fear and worry. We must live in the present moment.
The way to freedom from misery is to live a life of
Divine acceptance and surrender. We all want to be
happy, just as we want to be liberated from misery.
But we choose actions that take us in the opposite
direction. How can we achieve our goal? We become
slaves, prisoners to our own desires and expectations.
Although we may look peaceful on the outside, we
experience violent turbulence in the inside, with our
own thoughts destroying our peace.
What did the Buddha have to say about death? He

accepted it as a reality of life. It should be accepted
without expression of sorrow. All those who are born
are certain to die. Nobody can escape death. Then why
should we become unhappy when somebody dies? This
is the law of nature. Our life is like the moon – it
appears as a new moon and then becomes a full moon,
65
Nirvana
after which there is complete darkness. Then the moon

reappears, so is our life. Death is not the end. Only the
body dies. We will be reborn as per our Karma until we
are liberated. Buddha made people realize that death is
certain. Let us learn to accept the reality of death.
Because we become attached to people and things not

realizing that nothing is permanent, we live in
misery. How does one escape from this misery and
achieve Liberation? The only way is to live by our
intellect and not by our mind. We must learn to
discriminate the illusion from the Truth, and thus live
a life of Realization. As long as we don't accumulate
the wisdom that makes us realize the Truth, we will
continue to suffer. Suffering is a reality, we cannot
escape from it. But the truth is that suffering is caused
by desire and craving. If we eliminate the cause of
suffering, then how can suffering continue?
The Buddha taught that prayer by itself can achieve

nothing. Of course, prayers are magical, but they must
be accompanied by Divine action, meditation, and
education that leads to realization. Just following
certain rituals and superstitions can get us nowhere. It
is possible to achieve Ananda or bliss and be liberated or
achieve Nirvana. However, this needs our effort. It
needs discrimination and a quest for Realization. We
must light our own lamp to illuminate the darkness
within, just as the lamp will create a path to move
forward. We must be conscious of the power that is
66
Nirvana
within us. We don't have to search outside.

Everything is within. We must be steady in our
discipline and thought, and this must be our
persistent effort until we achieve Nirvana.
Buddha advocated that the world is a Cosmic Illusion

or Maya. It robs us of the present. We don't live in the
past, nor in the future. We should be conscious of the
present moment following the 'middle path.' We
should not torture the body, nor give it scope to crave
and desire. The moment we realize the illusion of
Maya, we end our worry, fear, and anxiety. We live
peacefully and blissfully. As we realize the Truth, we
don't feel hatred against anybody. Even a person who
is cruel to us is responded with compassion and
kindness. That is true realization.
Realization makes us live with love and Divine

Acceptance. We get calm and peaceful with a steady
intellect. It is our ignorance that has separated us from
each other and has created a division. Thus, we desire, we
crave and we are lost in the ignorance, in the illusion.
When we realize the Truth, ignorance is overcome. The
Buddha said: The biggest enemy of a man is his own mind
which makes him do inappropriate tasks. What we think, we
become. A good thought brings in good results while a bad
thought brings in bad results. This is the Law of Nature.
The Buddha said, “We are living in utter ignorance. We

perform rituals and follow superstitions, we sacri ce
67
Nirvana
the lives of innocent animals but ourselves continue

to live with sin, how can we achieve Liberation?” He
said that we are the cause of our own Liberation or
our own misery. It's for us to realize the truth by
living a life that leads to Nirvana. The Buddha stated:
Ignorance is the root cause of all suffering. Ignorance
cannot be overcome by worshipping, fasting or offering. It
can only be eradicated through meditation, which will
result in wisdom and realization of the Truth.
The Buddha said, “We are spoiling the present

moment with what happened in the past and
worrying about the future losing the present
moment.” To be liberated one must not overreact to
misery or to joy. Accept both equally.
People think the Buddha said, “There is no God.” But

he never said that there is no God nor did he say there
is God. Buddha said that prayer without efforts will not
work. If you want to cross a river and you sit down on
the bank of the river and pray, would you be able to
cross the river? Of course not. If the water is shallow,
you can walk. If the water is deep, you can take a boat
or even swim. The Buddha said that if one doesn't want
to walk across, doesn't want to swim, or doesn't want to
use the boat, will the other side of the riverbank come to
him? Similarly, if we don't use our intellect to overcome
ignorance, how will we achieve a life of peace and bliss?
How much ever we pray, do rituals, follow
superstitions, we cannot achieve the objective that we
68
Nirvana
seek without using our intellect. This is not dif cult

to understand but we don't understand it because of
our ignorance. Prayer is good but without
knowledge, one cannot realize the truth and be
liberated. He said that we don't have to have blind
faith. We should use our intellect to discriminate.
Somebody asked Buddha, “What did you get out of

Meditation?” He said, “Nothing! Just that I lost worry,
fear, anger, sorrow, insecurity, the anxiety of old age,
and death.” Human beings get attached to their
possessions. They are never satis ed. They crave for
more and are fearful of losing what they have. But if we
cut away all attachments then we are free.
The Buddha always said that one should become one's

own lamp and light one's own light. Which means, one
should try to seek the reality oneself and realize the truth
by making self-efforts. Instead of accepting anything
blindly, one should try to question everything and then
accept what is right. The Buddha was a very practical
person. He told people not to believe anything, not even
him. He said that we should question everything with our
intellect and use our logic to realize the Truth. While he
refused to follow any ritual or superstition, he encouraged
people to question their religion and idol worship. His
objective was simple, to be liberated from misery and to
live a life of eternal peace and joy, attain a state he called
Nirvana, our Ultimate Goal. According to him, we must
live a life that ultimately
69
Nirvana
liberates us, a life of salvation and enlightenment.
What was the key difference between Moksha and

Nirvana? The Buddha might have called it Nirvana
but it was no different from Moksha. The destination
was the same, the means to reach it was different.
During the Buddha's time, Hindu Faith had lost its
original principles and declined to a religion of Gods
and Goddesses, of rituals and superstitions, of caste
systems and division of society. The Buddha opposed
all this and prescribed a simple path to the same goal
of Liberation which he called Nirvana, the Ultimate
Goal of life. It was all about living in bliss, peace, and
joy, liberated from misery and sorrow. This was no
different from Moksha.
The Buddha's logic was very simple: Why should we worry

about things which are beyond our comprehension? Why
don't we focus on our Ultimate Goal of life, peace, joy, and
bliss? We want to create Gods and Goddesses to pray and
instead of understanding the Creator who created us, we
spend our life in rituals and superstitions. Instead of
overcoming our ignorance, we are creating more reasons to
become more ignorant by complicating our life. What do we
human beings seek? Our Ultimate Goal is happiness and
peace. Why not achieve that? Why are we submitting to the
world of illusions and becoming miserable? Why are we
complicating our life with desires and expectations and
becoming miserable? The Buddha was against all this. He had
a simple solution. He called it Nirvana - ultimate joy and
70
Nirvana
peace, a life that is liberated from misery and sorrow.
While the Buddha found a solution to the ills of the

Hindu society and delivered the doctrine of Nirvana
which after his life became Buddhism, this doctrine too
slowly got diluted over time. The Buddha gave us a
solution on how to overcome suffering. He taught us
the importance of meditation, introspection, and
contemplation. However, Buddhism, just like
Hinduism, slowly drifted away from the Truth. While
Buddhism became very popular and spread all over the
world, not just in India and Asia where it originated,
the diluted Buddhism drifted away from the teachings
of the Buddha, which laid focus on liberation from
suffering, the realization of the Truth about life and
death. People continued chanting and following other
rituals, but the essence of Nirvana got lost. Just like
there were Brahmins who led to the downfall of the
Hindu Faith as it got concocted into Hinduism, many
Buddhist monks and masters, who considered
themselves to be the Buddha led to the downfall of
Nirvana, a practical concept initiated by the Buddha.
Buddhism got divided into Hinayana and Mahayana
and further branched into Zen Buddhism as it spread
its in uence over several countries.
People all over the world got disillusioned with religion

and faith. In the East, not only were Hinduism and
Buddhism propagating the power of their religion, but
Jainism, Sikhism, and many other religions emerged,
71
Nirvana
each presenting their God or Guru to be the true God.

In the western civilizations, Judaism branched into
Christianity and Islam, but it did not stop there. Each
of these got divided and subdivided. The result was
innumerable scriptures and countless Gods that
confused all of humanity.
There was darkness that spread all over the world, and
ignorance about the Truth only increased. The Ultimate
Goal of humanity – happiness, bliss, and peace,
remained a distant dream. This continued for several
centuries, with a few fortunate people continuing to
believe in the original teachings of self-Realization and
God-Realization. Some called it Moksha, some called it
Nirvana. In the western world too, people were seeking
Liberation from misery and sorrow. The world evolved,
and so did communication that led to a revolution in
education. There was growth and change in lifestyle,
just as the entire world was discovered and colonies
and countries established.
While people started living life with healthier bodies,

better food to eat, clothes to wear and gadgets to live
with, their relationship with God found no progress.
Material pleasures may have increased over the
centuries, but there was no progress in spirituality.
After many centuries of spiritual turmoil, one major

movement that appeared in the world was the
movement to eradicate ignorance and the darkness
72
Nirvana
that was born due to rituals and superstitions. The

movement was beyond religion. It was a spiritual
revolution that started over 700 to 1000 years ago and
continues till date. What was the movement?
Siddhartha Gautama was a Hindu Prince,

Whom the King and the priest could not
convince! Renouncing all the pleasures
of the world and fun, He became Buddha,
the Awakened One.
73
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 4
Nirvana
 Nirvana is a state of Ananda, eternal bliss, and joy.


 Unlike Moksha which has no author, Nirvana is the
brainchild of Prince Siddhartha Gautama who went on
to be known as the Buddha or the awakened one.

 Tired of the inhumane practices during his time, he
renounced his kingdom, all the wealth and luxury
and went in pursuit of the truth.

 Nirvana became a solution to all the ills that
developed in the Hindu Faith that became Hinduism.

 Prince Siddhartha is said to have observed 'four
signs'. He saw an old man, a sick person, a corpse and
a monk. This led him to his quest.

 After that, Siddhartha Gautama became a Tapasvi,
living a life of sacrifice and deprivation but he realized that
one cannot achieve Liberation by making the body suffer.
He then coined a new way that is known as the 'Middle
Path' philosophy for people to live a balanced life.

 The Buddha called his realizations the Four Noble
Truths of Life. They are:

 Dukkha – the world is full of suffering.

 Samudaya- the origin of suffering is desire.
74
 Nirodha- if we give up desire, we can escape suffering.

 Magga- there is a path to follow to renounce desires.
Which ultimately came to be known as the Eight-fold path.
which includes Right Understanding, Right Intention,
Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort,
Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.

 The Buddha was very clear that our entire suffering was
due to ignorance which we experience from birth to death.

 The Buddha said that it is most unfortunate that
we fail to realize the true and Ultimate Goal of life. He
termed that state as 'Nirvana'.

 When we realize the Truth of the cosmic illusion,
we experience a state of everlasting peace. We live
with compassion and love, despite all circumstances
and evil-doing of those around us.

 Nothing affects a realized soul, explained the
Buddha. We must activate our intellect to overcome
miseries - that is the way to escape from fear and worry.

 The Buddha always said that instead of accepting
anything blindly, one should try to question
everything and then accept what is right.

 The Buddha might have called it Nirvana but it
was no different from Moksha. The destination was
the same, the means to reach it was different.
75
CHAPTER
05
Enlightenment
76
Enlightenment
While Moksha and Nirvana are the concepts that

existed centuries ago in ancient civilizations, the most
recent term which helps us to understand the Ultimate
Goal of life - Peace and Happiness by attaining
Liberation from misery and sorrow, is 'Enlightenment'.
Formerly, it was known as inlighten meaning 'to
illuminate'. Originating from the translation of a
German word Aufklärung, the term 'Enlightenment'
denotes 'the full comprehension of a situation'.
Enlightenment as a global movement triggered
mankind to make a move in the direction of eradicating
the darkness of ignorance and be enlightened with the
Truth. While this effort started many centuries ago, the
term 'Enlightenment' was formally made into a
movement by philosophers only after the advent of 15th
century. The thinkers and philosophers consolidated all
rationalistic thoughts and created a philosophy that
encouraged freedom and independence of all kinds,
primarily to put an end to suffering.
While Moksha originated about 5000 years ago, and

Nirvana about 2500 years ago, Enlightenment is an infant
that came into existence around 500 years ago. People
across the world, belonging to various religions spanning
through the continents, were still miserable and religion
told them to pray to God to be liberated from misery and
sorrow. As they tried to do so, education evolved and
people started contemplating about so many religions and
scriptures. People wondered how there can be so many
Gods and where could heaven and
77
Enlightenment
hell possibly be. Thus, came about the belief that

Liberation from misery and sorrow will come from
Enlightenment by getting awakened to the Truth. It
will only be possible if we overcome the darkness of
ignorance and we get illuminated. Today, many
people around the world believe that the goal of life
is Enlightenment, a state that would liberate them
from the misery that is born out of ignorance.
In the western world, the concept of 'Spiritual

Enlightenment' had become synonymous with 'Self-
Realization' and overcoming the ignorance that
humanity lived in over the centuries. Enlightenment
destroyed all the myths like going to heaven or hell. A
glance into history shows that all the ancient religions
of the world experienced a downfall at this point in
time, either due to the deterioration of the original
message propagated by the faith or overcoming of the
religion itself, by a different religion.
To understand how 'Spiritual Enlightenment' came

about, one needs to have a fair idea about what exactly
was taking place around the globe that resulted in the
dilution of original faiths and the emergence of the
ambiguous and questionable forms of various religious
practices. These religious practices brought about a lot
of confusion to mankind instead of guiding it towards
the Ultimate Goal of life – Peace and Happiness. The
effect of Enlightenment was such that the suffering
humanity started enquiring about the
78
Enlightenment
truth behind so many religions. It wanted to know

the reality as to who can help end its misery.
Enlightenment, at the spiritual front, emerged as an
outcome of the religious struggle across the world.
The objective of achieving freedom from misery and
sorrow got overshadowed.
Hindu Faith, also known as Sanatana Dharma, was

established 4000 to 5000 years ago. It is so ancient that its
origins are lost in the midst of prehistory. Many sages who
were associated with the original Hindu Faith, lived
around 4000 BC. Hinduism has no historical founder and
its authority rests upon sacred texts, known as the Vedas.
It is believed that these texts which form the very basis of
Hinduism, were received by the saints directly from God
through meditation and realization and these were passed
on to the future generations by word of mouth. These are
the most ancient religious texts which de ne the truth of
the Hindu Faith.
But while Hindu Faith advocated Moksha, the

Liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth as the
Ultimate Goal of life, it got transformed to Hinduism
that started a belief system of worshipping innumerable
Gods and following endless rituals and superstitions.
The caste system which undermined the poor as
untouchables led to the downfall of the otherwise
primary religion of the masses. Hinduism continued to
believe in some principle concepts like Karma and
Moksha, but due to the large mythological in uence of
79
Enlightenment
Gods and Deities, the original Hindu Faith

disappeared into insigni cance.
The reason why the original Hindu Faith transformed

to Hinduism might have had a positive intention
behind it. It was very dif cult for the masses to believe
in a nameless and formless God. Thus, the sages around
the post-Vedic period introduced several Gods that one
could pray to. Each would ful ll the respective
objectives. There was a God of Wealth, just as there was
a God of Knowledge. It started with one God, went on
to the trinity – the Creator, the Preserver, and the
Destroyer; and then ended up with countless Gods with
each village having their God, and each family
believing in their own personal God. Over time
Hinduism lost its popularity and there was the birth of
Buddhism, and other religions.
A Hindu prince, Siddhartha Gautama, fed up with the

rituals and superstitions and the power of the priests,
renounced his kingdom and family and went in search
of the Truth. It is ironic that what he realized was the
original Hindu Faith itself which had now become
diluted over the many centuries. He cleaned up the
myth from the truth and called the Ultimate Goal -
Nirvana, instead of Moksha. He presented the Hindu
Faith with a different perspective and coined the term
Nirvana for Liberation.
Buddhism that arose in the Eastern part of ancient India
80
Enlightenment
evolved as it spread from the Northeastern region of the

Indian subcontinent through Central, East, and Southeast
Asia. Today, Buddhism exists, just like Hinduism, in
various parts of the world. Buddhists believe in chanting
and achieving Nirvana, a state of bliss, just like the Hindus
believe it to be Moksha. Unfortunately, Buddhism like
Hinduism also lost its authenticity by its dilution. Many
monks who considered themselves to be Buddha and
Bodhisattvas, lost sight of the original message of the
Buddha. The decline of religion was not just limited to
Hinduism and Buddhism. Religions all over the world
were becoming more powerful and because of
Enlightenment, people in all these civilizations started
questioning the authority of religion.
While Hinduism and Buddhism were centered in the

East, what was happening in the other parts of the
world in the ancient civilizations? In India itself,
Jainism emerged as a dominant religion in the Indian
subcontinent. Its followers believe in the
Tirthankaras, whose de ning characteristics are
marked by asceticism and self-discipline. The most
known Tirthankara Mahavira, around 6th century BC,
is said to have advocated his followers to live a life of
Tapasya, deep austerities of the body that were very
dif cult for a common man to follow.
Looking beyond the Indian subcontinent and the Middle

East, religions around the globe were as complicated if not
more. An ambiguous system of polytheistic beliefs
81
Enlightenment
and rituals formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian

society. Ancient Egyptian religion was centered on the
Egyptians' interaction with many deities believed to be
present in, and in control of, the world. Rituals such as
prayer and offerings were provided to the Gods to gain
their favour. The Pharaohs, the rulers of Egypt, were
believed to possess a Divine power by virtue of their
position. This resulted in the decline of the original
religious practices in ancient Egypt and made way to
the spread of Christianity in the region.
In the area around Mesopotamia, modern-day Israel,

Palestine and Jordan, Judaism was the foundation for
all other Abrahamic religions. It was born as the
oldest form of monotheism which later branched out
into Christianity (1st century AD) and Islam (7th
century AD), the two major religions of the world
today. The founder of Judaism was said to be
Abraham, although it was made famous by Moses in
the Ten Commandments. Judaism received criticism
because its theology and religious texts describe a
personal God who has conversations with important
gures from ancient Israel like Moses and Abraham.
Ancient Persia or modern-day Iran, around 1500 BC,

saw the birth of Zoroastrianism. The ancient Indo-
Iranian religion, known to natives as Mazdayasna,
served as the state religion of the pre-Islamic Iranian
empires for more than a millennium. Extremely
in uential over the development of the Abrahamic
82
Enlightenment
tradition, it was the state religion of various Persian

empires until the Muslim conquest of the 7th century
AD and it survives in parts of Iran, India, and Iraq to
this day. This was not very different from Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam.
In China, Confucianism was created by one man,

Chinese politician, teacher, and philosopher Confucius
in the 5th century BC. Though the most humanistic and
least spiritual in essence, Confucianism does provide
for a supernatural worldview as it incorporates Heaven
and the Lord on High. Also, in and around China,
Taoism was practised along with Confucianism. Taoism
can be traced to a work attributed to the mythical Lao
Tze, said to have been a contemporary of Confucius.
This religion evolved from a strand of traditional
Chinese folk religion, and makes mention of masters
and teachings from long before it was codi ed,
including the god-like Yellow Emperor, said to have
reigned about 2500 years before Christ, and the 'I
Ching,' a divination system dating back to 1150 BC.
Confucianism rose to the position of an of cial
orthodoxy during the Han dynasty. It absorbed the
metaphysical doctrines of Yin and Yang. With the fall of
the Han, the dynastic model, Confucianism fell into
severe decline.
In Japan, Shintoism was the only religion until the

arrival of Buddhism in the 6th century CE. From then on
Shinto faiths and traditions took on Buddhist elements,
83
Enlightenment
and later, Confucian ones. Some Shinto shrines became

Buddhist temples, existed within Buddhist temples, or
had Buddhist priests in charge. Today, the faith is a
uni ed account of ancient Japanese mythology, marked
strongly by Buddhist in uences, and is followed by the
vast majority of the country's population.
What do all the ancient world religions tell us? People

were tired of religions that promoted myth, followed
rituals and superstitions. As the world evolved with the
'Spiritual Enlightenment', people started asking
questions to know the truth because not just the Hindu
Faith but the whole world found itself in darkness.
Centuries passed but there was no glimmer of light.
There was a time period in European history that

started around the 5th century AD until around the
time Christopher Columbus arrived in the New
World in 1492. This time period is known as the
'Middle Ages' or the 'Dark Ages'. This was the time
when the world witnessed the fall of Imperial Rome
and due to the severe loss of cultural, technological
and historical wealth of the Roman empire, this time
period resulted in ignorance. Simultaneously, this
time period is also called as the 'Age of Faith' because
of the rise of Christianity and Islam.
In the Dark Ages, the Catholic Church became very rich

and powerful. People gave the church 1/10th of their
earnings in tithes. Eventually, the church-owned about
84
Enlightenment
one-third of the land in Western Europe. Because the

church was considered independent, they did not
have to pay the king any tax for their land. Kings in
France, England, and Spain consolidated their power
and set up lasting governing institutions. The French
monarchy slowly began to expand its authority to
have control over more of the country in the 11th and
12th centuries.
Haven't we all heard the sad incident when the poor

were hungry and had nothing to eat and the queen
supposedly said, “If they have no bread, let them eat
cake.” Because of the misery experienced by people in
the Dark Ages, a new movement was born. It
questioned the authority of the king and the church.
While the priest and royalty lived a life of luxury, the
poor were led to suffering and misery. This movement
became known as Enlightenment. Not only did it cover
the Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th centuries but it
also became a global movement linking all the
continents although having different names.
The Enlightenment Era, also known as the 'Age of

Reason', was a philosophical movement that took place
primarily in Europe and, later, in North America,
during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Its
participants thought they were illuminating human
intellect and culture after the "dark" Middle Ages. The
term 'Enlightenment' was popularised in the Western
85
Enlightenment
world and has been understood as having a sudden

insight into a transcendental truth or reality.
Due to this awakening, the world witnessed the

emancipation of women and the abolishment of slavery.
People started questioning the authority of the religious
institutions and asking for scienti c evidence behind
every ritual, every practice unlike in the Dark Ages.
Enlightenment is the Age of Reason. People started
questioning monarchy and in 1789 the French revolution
took place due to widespread discontent with the French
monarchy and the poor economic policies of King Louis
XVI. The theory of 'natural law' was a vital part of the
Enlightenment as what constitutes “right” and “wrong,” is
the same for everyone, and this concept is expressed as
“morality.” It also talked about freedom of speech,
religion, and trade. Skepticism of religious dogma - where
monarchs were placed in positions of power by the Will of
God and were not subject to earthly powers. Even the king
was above law
– but enlightenment refused it. It questioned the logic
of this practice.
In the Age of Reason or Enlightenment started the

tradition of early eighteenth-century British Deism.
They believed that God exists but the universe proceeds
according to natural law. These deists, while
maintaining individual positions, shared several sets of
assumptions and arguments. The most important
position that united the early deists was their call for
86
Enlightenment
"free rational inquiry" into all subjects, especially religion.

Saying that early Christianity was founded on freedom of
conscience, they demanded religious toleration and an
end to religious persecution. They also demanded that
debate rest on reason and rationality. Deists embraced a
Newtonian worldview, and they believed that all things in
the universe, must obey the laws of nature. Without a
concept of natural law, the deists argued, explanations of
the workings of nature would descend into irrationality.
This belief in natural law drove their skepticism of
miracles. Because miracles had to be observed to be
validated, deists rejected the accounts laid out in the Bible
of God's miracles and argued that such evidence was
neither suf cient nor necessary to prove the existence of
God. Along these lines, deistic writings insisted that God,
as the rst cause or prime mover, had created and
designed the universe with natural laws as part of his
plan.
With a background of all this confusion, coupled with

the Enlightenment movement that was born in the
world, where was the world heading to? Due to the fact
that written history was barely a few thousand years
old and religious scriptures of all religions did not have
any concrete explanation to what they preached,
modern man found it preferable to chose Reason over
Blind Faith. Man did not change his aspirations over the
centuries. He still wanted peace and happiness but he
was not willing to follow a scripture that did not
87
Enlightenment
agree to his logic. He wanted to overcome ignorance

by nding answers. He wanted Enlightenment.
Therefore, what exactly is Enlightenment all about? It

is awakening. It is overcoming the ignorance that we
live in. It is questioning every ritual and superstition.
It is eradicating darkness from our life. Just as the
Buddha was enlightened, we all have an intellect,
and we can all attain liberation and enlightenment by
transcending our mind.
Whether it was called Moksha by the Hindus or

called Nirvana by Buddha or it became known as the
Enlightenment Era, all the three movements had one
goal - the goal was to be liberated from misery and
sorrow and live a life of peace, joy, and bliss.
Enlightenment is all about using our power of

reasoning and distinguishing the truth from the
myth. From time immemorial man has been gifted
with a Mind and Ego 'ME,' which is his biggest
enemy. The goal of human life is to transcend 'ME'
and overcome the illusion that we live with.
The cosmic illusion makes us believe that this world is

real and therefore we suffer. We swing from regrets of
the past to fear of the future because of our ignorance.
We live in darkness not realizing that nothing is ours.
At death, we see nothing goes with us just as when we
are born, we bring nothing with us. When will we
overcome this ignorance that makes us suffer?
88
Enlightenment
Enlightenment, therefore, can be summarized as a

modern-day movement that was born several
centuries ago as a result of man's belief in blind faith
and dogmatic religion. Unlike Nirvana which was the
product of the Buddha and Moksha that was a
message from God to the ancient sages,
Enlightenment was a realization by humanity that
suffered the ills of the various religions that people
followed in different parts of the world.
Enlightenment was the answer. It is a path that would

lead us to our Ultimate Goal. It will make us realize the
truth, but how is this path different when compared to
Moksha and Nirvana? Let us compare the three.
Centuries passed, but the darkness did not end,

Ignorance remained to only extend.
There was no Peace, there was disillusionment, Till
the world found Enlightenment.
89
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 5
Enlightenment
 While Moksha and Nirvana are the concepts that

existed centuries ago in ancient civilizations, the most
recent term which helps us to understand the Ultimate
Goal of life - Peace and Happiness by attaining
Liberation from misery and sorrow, is 'Enlightenment'.

 People across the world, belonging to various
religions spanning through the continents, were still
miserable and religion told them to pray to God to be
liberated from misery and sorrow.

 While they tried to do so, education evolved and people
started wondering as to how there can be so many Gods
and where could heaven and hell possibly be.

 Thus, came about the belief that Liberation from
misery and sorrow will come from Enlightenment by
getting awakened to the Truth.

 In the western world, the concept of 'Spiritual
Enlightenment' came about. To understand that, one
needs to have a fair idea about what exactly was taking
place around the globe that resulted in the dilution of
original faiths and the emergence of the ambiguous and
questionable forms of various religious practices.

 All the ancient world religions tell us that people
were tired of religions that promoted myth, followed
90
rituals and superstitions. As the world evolved,
people started asking questions to know the truth.
 There was a time period in European history that

spanned through 5th to 15th century AD, known as the
'Middle Ages' or the 'Dark Ages'. The Middle Ages
are often said to be 'dark' because of the lack of
scientific and cultural advancement. 

 Because of the misery experienced by people in the
'Dark Ages', a new movement 'Enlightenment' was born
which questioned the authority of the king and the church.

 Therefore, Enlightenment is all about awakening. It
is overcoming the ignorance that we live in by
questioning every ritual and superstition to eradicate
darkness from our life.

 Enlightenment is all about using our power of
reasoning and distinguishing the truth from the myth.

 Whether it was called Moksha by the Hindus or
called Nirvana by Buddha or it became known as the
Enlightenment Era, all the three movements had one
goal – to be liberated from misery and sorrow and
live a life of peace, joy, and bliss.
91
CHAPTER
06
Which path
will lead us to
our Ultimate
Goal?
92
Which path will lead us to our Ultimate Goal?
If we compare Moksha, Nirvana, and Enlightenment,

what do we see? All three are different names, but they
essentially mean one and the same thing. Some people
even call this Mukti or Freedom, some Salvation or
Uni cation with the Divine. Whatever we may call this
state of being, it is about living a life of Peace and Joy,
which was at the outset our primary goal of life and is
the goal of every human being alive on earth.
In India, water is known as Pani in the northern parts,

just as it is called Tanni or Niru in the south. In France, it
is called Eau and in China, it is called Shui. Though the
names are different, all the names refer to the same
product – water. Moksha, Enlightenment, and Nirvana
maybe different concepts from the outside, but they
refer to the same thing. There is no difference. The
principles involved in all the three are the same.
All three concepts talk about spiritual enlightenment

through acquiring the wisdom of the Spirit, the Soul or the
Life Energy within. Enlightenment focuses on eradicating
the darkness of ignorance that we all live in. This is agreed
to by the doctrine of Moksha and Nirvana.
The Buddha, the awakened one, who is the founder

of Nirvana was himself a Hindu prince. His belief of
Nirvana is no different from Moksha. The only
difference is that it removed all the unnecessary
myths from the macro principles involved.
93
These 3 concepts are quite different from the concepts

of 'heaven and hell' known to the modern world,
disseminated by monotheistc Abrahmic religions and
also, they do not fall in line with the present day
Hindusim that talks about Heaven - Swarga and Hell -
Narkha because of the dilution of the pure Hindu Faith,
Sanatana Dharma. Do we really go to heaven or hell after
we die? These 3 concepts Moksha, Enlightenment, and
Nirvana – MEN, question the reality of death and try to
help us realize: who dies? Are we the body that dies, or
the mind that we can't nd or are we the Divine Soul?
All three concepts help us to be enlightened with the
Truth, compared to other concepts that continue to let
us live in ignorance, believing in the myth, in rituals
and superstition. All this makes us live with fear and
anxiety as we continue to be ignorant of the Truth.
What other option do we have if our common sense

makes us realize that after we are dead, we cannot go to
heaven because the body is right here on earth, to be
buried or cremated? Further, there is no doubt that as a
human being, the body will die and the Law of Karma,
of action and reaction tells us that we cannot escape
from our sins, just as our good deeds will de nitely
come back to us. Putting all this together, what are the
available options we have to believe in? We know our
life is not just meant to live and die, there is a purpose
for us human beings here on earth. It makes no sense to
believe that this world has no Creator. It seems beyond
94
doubt that an intelligent Power controls everything

that happens here on earth. The 3 concepts of
Moksha, Enlightenment, and Nirvana, seem to be
practical concepts which help us live meaningfully
and take us towards our Ultimate Goal. They show
us a way to live with peace and bliss, every moment,
every day of our life. They eliminate fear, worry,
anxiety and stress, as they make us realize the Truth.
It seems quite obvious that there is no doubt that a

Divine Power, the Creator, is in control of this
universe. How else would the earth rotate on its own
axis precisely once in 24 hours? How would it be
possible for the earth to revolve around the sun once
in 365 ¼th days? There are many universal laws like
the Law of Gravity and the Law of Karma which we
know to be true through inference. All this should
make us accept that our Ultimate Goal is to realize
the Divine. Once we do, we will be liberated from
misery and sorrow, just as we would be blessed with
Everlasting Peace and Eternal Happiness.
Even today, many people around the world continue to

live in ignorance due to their blind faith. There is
nothing wrong with having faith in a Divine Power or
God. However, if we truly love our God, we must go
beyond traditional belief and use our intellect to realize
the Truth. Just blindly believing in something because it
is written in the scriptures or is taught to us by our
parents, will not help us achieve our Ultimate Goal of
95
life. We must learn to ask questions and investigate

until we realize the Truth.
After all, the Truth is the Truth and there can be nothing
other than the Truth. Unfortunately, we human beings
have limited comprehension and we have not been given
that comprehension to de ne or decipher God. If I tell you
to close your ears and listen to me through your eyes, can
you? Just like the eyes cannot comprehend sound, we
human beings cannot comprehend the power that we call
God. We don't know who God is, where God is or what
God is, but God is.
Since there is no doubt that a Power - we call God,

exists, our goal is to realize God. God-Realization is a
state where we realize the Truth about God and become
one with the Divine. God-Realization is not possible
without Self-Realization. Both of the above happen
when we investigate and realize the Truth. We know
that death is certain and whatever be our religion, we
all experience death of the body. If we contemplate
death, we will get many of our answers. Who dies? The
body lies in front of us, but we know that this is only
the dead body, not the one who was alive. Where did
the one who passed away go? We say he departed or
expired, but where? Up to a point, we are able to verify
the Truth with what we see, but beyond that, we can
only realize the Truth by inference. Not realizing the
Truth, and blindly believing in superstitions is not the
answer that will lead us to our
96
Ultimate Goal. Unless we delete all untenable

concepts and investigate what is tenable, we will
never realize the Truth.
Even today, there are people around the world who

believe that we will go to heaven or hell, although
they are absolutely sure that the dead body
disintegrates here below the soil. Then who is it that
goes to heaven or hell? When we go on a quest to
realize the Truth, we nd answers that will lead us to
our Ultimate Goal of Peace, Joy, and Bliss.
Of course, we have a choice of believing that God rides on

a tiger or a cow, or sits on a lotus somewhere in outer
space on a planet unknown to man. We can continue to
believe in these fantasies born out of mythological tales,
but these will not help us realize the Truth. Even the
scriptures of all the concerned religions have subtle
statements embedded in them that reveal the Truth that
God who lives within our heart is present in every Soul.
Because less than 1% of humanity goes on a quest to
realize the Truth, very few of us are blessed to realize our
Ultimate Goal. Most of us are spiritually blind because we
blindly follow religion, rather than evolving spiritually. Of
course, we all need religion to begin our belief in God, but
as we grow up, we must go beyond our belief-system to
achieve our goal.
The concepts of MEN, Moksha, Enlightenment and

Nirvana, take us closer to the Truth. The Divine Truth in
97
all the 3 seems to be the only practical thing to believe in.

However, this is not for everybody. Only a few seekers of
the Truth are fortunate to realize the Truth, that all the 3,
Moksha, Enlightenment, and Nirvana advocate.
The Truth is one, not different, but the myths are many.
We must ignore the blind beliefs of this world if we
want to achieve our Ultimate Goal of happiness and
live without any suffering. The Ultimate Goal will be
achieved when we realize the Truth as we overcome the
ignorance and the myth that the world believes in.
What is this realization of the Truth? Unfortunately, we

human beings don't even realize that we don't know the
Truth. We don't know who we truly are and why we
are here. In fact, it is because of this we suffer misery
and pain. In our pursuit of happiness, we zoom through
life seeking success, achievement, and pleasure, but we
reach our tomb with regret, anxiety, misery, and pain.
A rare fortunate minority that goes on a quest, is graced
with the gift of realization, a gift that liberates them
from all misery and transports them to a life of Joy,
Bliss, and Peace. Isn't it time to realize the Truth?
What is the path that will take us home?

All our life, will we drift and roam? When we
realize there is no difference in these concepts
three,
Then we will realize the Truth and be free.
98
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 6
 If we compare Moksha, Nirvana, and

Enlightenment, we see that all three are different
names, but they essentially mean one and the same
thing. Some people even call this Mukti or Freedom,
some Salvation or Unification with the Divine.

 All three concepts talk about spiritual
enlightenment through acquiring the wisdom of the
Spirit, the Soul or the Life Energy within.

 These concepts question the reality of death and try
to help us realize: who dies? Are we the body that dies,
or the mind that we can't find or are we the Divine Soul?

 All three concepts help us to be enlightened with
the Truth, compared to other concepts which continue
to let us live in ignorance, believing in the myth, in
rituals and superstition.

 Since there is no doubt that a power, we call God
exists, our goal is to realize God and become one with
the Divine.

 When we go on a quest to realize the Truth, we
find answers that will lead us to our Ultimate Goal of
Peace, Joy, and Bliss.

 The concepts of MEN, Moksha, Enlightenment and
Nirvana, take us closer to the Truth.
99
CHAPTER
07
Realization of the Truth
100
A common man would wonder what it means when he

reads that our Ultimate Goal is the realization of the
Truth. To him, he knows the Truth. He knows who he
is, he has goals and he is so busy living and achieving
his objectives that there is no time for any further
realization. In fact, he scoffs at the thought and ridicules
religion and spirituality as something meant for those
who have lost their mind. “Be practical,” he says, “there
is no time for all this.” Unfortunately, when he suffers,
and he has nowhere to go, he cries and ultimately dies.
He may have achieved millions, just as he might have
the rewards, trophies, and accolades. Then why did he
not have peace of mind, the basic foundation of
happiness, his Ultimate Goal? It is because he did not
realize the Truth.
Unfortunately, most people suffer and are miserable

because they are ignorant of the Truth. They rush
through life without nding out who they truly are, and
what is their real purpose and meaning to be alive on
planet earth. They don't pause to think about what
happens after death. A human being is alive, and then
suddenly, the life inside that person disappears in a
ash and the person is considered dead. It is not like
sleeping and waking up. This person is gone, never to
return. But where has he gone? What about all his
money, his property and his wealth? What about his
son's marriage that was planned in the coming few
days? Suddenly all the celebrations have turned to
101
mourning. Who controls all this drama that happens on

earth? And why do bad things happen to good people?
There are hundreds of questions that have no answer,

not because there are no answers, but because we
have not bothered to nd the answers and to realize
the Truth. We just believe in the myth that we are
taught, and we do not investigate and ask questions.
Thus, we live with ignorance. It is this blanket of dark
ignorance that covers us with misery and sorrow.
What is the Truth about Life? Of course, our mother

and father are the cause of our birth, but when are we
actually born: When two cells fuse to become a zygote
or when the embryo is nally delivered on earth? What
is this life inside us that gives us breath, without which
there would be death? The fact is that we human beings
are uniquely blessed with a body that has about 37
trillion cells, eyes that each have what equates to a 576
megapixel camera, a brain that has a memory of a
mega-computer beyond man's comprehension. And
there are 8 billion such people on earth, each with a
unique ngerprint. Is this a myth? No, these are facts!
But what is the Truth? Did all this happen because of
one big bang or did monkeys become apes that grew
into human beings by magic? It is really tragic that we
don't understand the Truth of life. Instead of realizing
the facts of life, and being amazed by creation, we
continue to live with ignorance and we suffer.
102
Have you ever wondered who suffers? Is it your body?

If it was only our body that suffered, then we could take
pain killers, opioids or even anesthesia to suffer no
more. But what about the mind? The greatest suffering
is experienced by ME – the mind and ego. The ME is the
director of all action and the ME suffers because of
ignorance. Although each one of us wants to be happy
and that seems to be our Ultimate Goal, we live in
misery because we don't realize the Truth.
If suffering is the main problem, then the question is – is

there a way to overcome suffering? The good news is that
there is a way to end all pain, suffering, and misery. Our
suffering is due to the ignorance that we live with. The
moment we realize the Truth about life, about who we
truly are, and why we are here, we can transcend all
misery. Our challenge is to realize the Truth.
How can we realize the Truth? Realization is not

something that you can put in your shopping cart
through online shopping. It is not a product available in
malls and supermarkets. It is not even a secret that is
written in books. Realization is a gift from the Divine.
All this magic that happens on planet earth, is created
and preserved by a power that is beyond human
comprehension. Because humanity doesn't know the
Truth about this power, we term this power as the
Creator or God. Then we confuse the creative power
and give our God names, shapes and forms as we once
again sink into the myth of ignorance. Unless we
103
overcome the myth, we will never realize the Truth.

Unless we realize 'who we are not', we will never
realize 'who we truly are' and unless we realize the
Truth, we will continue to suffer due to our ignorance.
There are 10 established methods that one can

contemplate and introspect on if one is truly passionate
about realizing the Truth. Several methods help us
discover answers to these questions. Any of these
methods can help us in the Realizations of the Truth.
1. The Law of Causation: This is made up of three

principles:
1. Every effect has a cause
2. The effect is nothing else but the cause in another form
3. If you remove the cause, there is no effect
Based on the Law of Causation, one realizes that a gold

ring is actually not a ring. Why? Because if you remove
the gold from the ring, nothing remains. There is no
ring without the gold. It appears to be a ring but
actually, it is gold. Gold is the cause – the ring is the
effect. Similarly, mud is the cause. The pot, the plate,
and the statue may appear to be so, but in reality, they
are not. They are only effects of the cause - mud. If you
remove the mud, there would be nothing. Without the
mud there would be no pot, no plate, and no statue.
We human beings appear to be the body – the gross
104
physical body and the subtle mind. But in reality, we

are the Divine Life Energy that gives life to the body-
mind complex. At death, when the Life Energy departs,
there is no breath. The body immediately disintegrates
into dust and becomes nothing. It is only an effect of the
cause, the Life Energy that departed. Life Energy is the
cause. Without the Life Energy, we return to dust. We
become nothing. This Law of Causation makes people
realize the truth. The truth that we are not the body or
mind. We are the Divine Life Energy, the Soul.
2. The Peeling Method: Another method of realizing

who we are is called the virtual peeling method. If we
virtually peel a live human body like an onion, layer by
layer, and keep every cell with blood in beakers on the
table, organs in trays, and esh and bones along with
the rest of the body, we will nd everything except the
one who was alive. The room in this virtual experiment
is completely sealed and airtight. Where did the person
who was alive go? Now, if we try to stitch back the
body with the help of expert surgeons and medical
equipment, we may probably recreate the body but we
cannot put back life into it. The one who was alive in
the body escapes into Consciousness. This virtual
peeling method makes us realize we are not the blood,
nor the bone or the skin but the Life Energy within.
3. The Consciousness Method: Another way to realize

who we truly are is to re ect upon what is popularly
known as the consciousness method. We human
105
beings experience different states of consciousness.

When we are awake, the body and mind are conscious.
When we sleep, the body is not conscious, but if the
mind dreams, it is conscious. When the mind also
sleeps, neither body nor the mind is conscious and we
experience a feeling of peace, which makes us say, “I
slept like a log” when we wake up. If we notice we
experience the waking state, the dream state, and the
deep sleep state. We are neither the waker nor the
dreamer nor the sleeper, but the one who experiences
these three states. Who are we? We are the
Consciousness, the Atman, the Spirit or the Soul.
4. Meditation: To realize the truth, some people meditate.

What is meditation? It is slowing down the mind. It
produces up to fty thoughts per minute. Meditation is
about focusing on one thought. In such a state, one
realizes the truth. Normally, the mind jumps like a
monkey and does not let us contemplate the truth, that
neither are we the body nor the mind. Although we know
it, we are not able to realize this truth because of the rascal
mind. Meditation helps reveal the truth. It stops the mind
from the constant jumping from thought to thought and
makes it focus on one thought with concentration. It is at
this point that we realize we are not the body, nor the
mind, but the Soul.
5. Questioning: Most seekers on their quest progress

on the journey by asking questions - existential
questions like what came rst: the chicken or the egg?
106
The chicken screams, “I came rst. If there was no

chicken how could the egg ever come?” “Hello, Mr.
Chicken”, retorts the egg, “If there was no egg how
would you be born?” The questioning method
ultimately leads us to the answer to - Who are we?
We should not give up and believe that some
questions have no answers. We must persist to nd
answers. The tree came from a seed but the seed
came from the tree. What came rst? We were born
from our parents and our parents from their parents.
Could our forefathers be apes? Questions like these
make us investigate and ultimately help us realize the
answer to who we truly are. We are a manifestation
of the Divine, a fraction of the pure Divine Energy.
6. The Negation Method: Ancient scriptures suggest

that we use the method called 'negation' to nd out
who we are. This calls for us rst to know who we
are not. We are not the body, there is no doubt about
that. We also know we are not the mind. Then who
are we? There is no doubt that we exist. From birth to
death, our existence is referred to as our life journey.
The only element that may be 'us', is that life that
arrives at birth and departs at death. We are That!
7. Understanding what makes us beautiful: We

human beings are very proud of our beauty, but stop
and think – the most beautiful human being decays and
disintegrates at death. Why? What happens? The real
beauty is that Life Energy that departs at death. We
107
become still, stone-like, we stink and become incapable

of being maintained unless we are embalmed or
preserved under special conditions. The Egyptians
preserved the 'Mummy', the bodies of their dead but
these were not those that were truly alive. This should
make us realize that we are actually the beauty that
departs at death, not the bodies that decay after we
depart. We are the Life Energy that causes the beauty in
us just as it causes the beauty in a beautiful bird or an
exotic butter y. The moment this Life Energy leaves, all
the beauty starts to disappear.
8. The Seer and Seen Method: Another method of

realizing who we are is spiritually coined as 'The Seer
and Seen' method. We see a ball with our eyes. The ball
is the object. The eyes are the subject. The eyes seem to
see the ball. But if we remove the eyes and keep them
on the table, can we see the ball? Of course not! The
eyes are connected to the mind and it is the mind that
observes the eyes seeing the ball. The eyes become the
object and the mind the subject. Next, we nd that the
mind is wandering and although we are staring at the
ball, we don't see somebody grabbing it because our
mind is wandering. Who is conscious that the mind is
wandering? The mind itself becomes the object and we,
the observers, become the subject. We realize that we
are not the eyes or the body. We are not even the mind.
We are the observers, the ones who are conscious, and
the ones who actually see. This 'Seer and Seen' method
takes us further into realizing the truth of who we are.
108
We are the Living Consciousness that is alive within.
9. Our 'given' names: Our names are just our names -

our identity. Our names are not us. “Who are you?” the
Saint asked the American who came to be blessed. He said, “I
am John.” “That's your name,” said the Saint. “I asked who
you are.” “Oh! I am an American.” “I didn't ask for your
nationality. Tell me who you are.” “Oh! I am a lawyer.”
“That's your profession, Mr. John. Who are you?” “I am the
son of Tom and Mary and the father of Sarah and Rachel.”
“Did I ask you for your relationships? Please tell me, who are
you?” “I am a millionaire from New York.” “That is your
nancial status - I am not asking that. Tell me, who are
you?” The American was embarrassed. After a lot of
introspection, he realized the truth. He thought he was his
name but that was only his name, he had no idea of who he
truly was. Now he was inspired to search for the truth that he
was not what he appeared to be on the outside but rather the
one who was alive inside.
10. Scienti c Reasoning: Those who want to nd out

who they are through a scienti c method may also do
so. Science, too, endorses that we are not matter, but
rather trillions of energy particles that appear to be the
body. For so many centuries, science and spirituality
were at loggerheads. But recent experiments in science
have tabled several theories that are in sync with
spirituality. One such theory is the belief that energy
can transform to matter and matter to energy. This
formula is popularly known as E=MC2 . Is the scienti c
109
belief enough to make us realize who we are? Scientists

who study quantum physics and quantum mechanics
go deep into studying the smallest particle of matter at
subatomic levels. Recently in one such experiment, the
smallest particle known as Quark, suddenly
disappeared. The scientists were intrigued. As they
were wondering whether matter had transformed into
energy, the particle reappeared. They coined a new
theory called 'Wave-Particle Duality'. No more were
matter and energy to be considered separate from each
other as one could transform to the other. This scienti c
truth should lay to rest our doubt of who we are. There
is no doubt we are not the matter that we seem to be but
the energy that creates life in us.
Those who are sincere and want to realize the truth of

who they are can use any of these methods to realize
the truth. It is so obvious that we are not the body.
Science declares it, death endorses it, beauty proclaims
it, and virtually peeling the body will con rm it. Several
methods endorse that we are not the mind. We observe
the mind watching the world. We meditate to calm the
mind. And we re ect that we are not the dreamer.
Whatever be the method of realization, where does the

realization of the Truth lead us to? It makes us realize
beyond doubt that we are not the body that we seem to
be. It also makes us realize that we are not the mind. It
leads us to the ultimate realization that we are the life
110
energy within, often referred to as the Soul, the spirit,

the Atman, Chi or Prana.
Seekers of the Ultimate Goal of life, the realization of

the Truth, are sometimes shocked to know that the
realization of the Truth is not achieving the Ultimate
Goal. It is just the beginning of the journey. Once we
realize the Truth of who we are and why we are here,
then we start our journey of Liberation, the Ultimate
Goal of life.
The quest for the Truth starts with what we are not,
We are the Soul that in a body-mind is caught.
Until we transcend our ego and mind,
This Realization we will never find.
111
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 7
There are 10 established methods that we can

contemplate to realize the Truth that we are not the
body, nor the mind but the Soul.
1The Law of Causation: The body and mind are
justeffects. We are the cause.
2The Peeling Method: If we virtually peel the
body,we will realize that we are not the body.
3The Consciousness Method: If we are not the
waker,the dreamer, the sleeper, but we are, then who are
we?
4Meditation: It stops the mind from the
constantproduction of thoughts and makes it focus
on one thought.
5Questioning: We can realize the truth by asking
questions like 'What came first: chicken or egg?'
6The Negation Method: We must realize who we
arenot, and then we will realize who we truly are.
7Understanding what makes us beautiful: We are
notthe beautiful body that we appear to be. It decays.
We are the Life Energy within that causes the beauty.
8The Seer and Seen Method: If we realize that we
areobservers, we can realize the truth of who we
really are.
9Our 'given' names: Our names are just our names -
ourmistaken identity. Truly, our names are not us in reality.
10 Scientific Reasoning: Even science now endorses
that we are not matter. We are energy.
We can use any of these methods to Realize the Truth.

But this is just the beginning of the journey to
Liberation, our Ultimate Goal!
112
CHAPTER
08
Liberation from
Misery and Sorrow
113
Liberation from Misery and Sorrow
As the word suggests, Liberation is Freedom. What is

this Freedom all about? Most people don't even realize
that we human beings are prisoners – prisoners who
suffer, caged in misery and sorrow. Every human being
on earth suffers and there is no one who can escape
from it. However, those who realize the Truth are the
ones who can be liberated from misery and sorrow.
How can one be liberated from misery and sorrow?

As long as we live in this body-mind-ego complex,
the body suffers physical pain. The mind experiences
all kinds of emotional pain and the ego experiences
the agony when it is hurt. Realization is magical! It
makes us realize that we are not the body-mind-ego
that suffers. Thus, realization instantly liberates us
from all misery, pain, and suffering.
For one to be liberated, one has to realize the Truth. But

realization is not Liberation. Realization makes us
aware of who we are not, just as it makes us conscious
of who we truly are. While there are many methods of
realization, realization actually happens in a ash. We
human beings experience so many other realizations
that happen instantly, in the moment, but we don't
realize the Truth because we are covered by a dark
blanket of ignorance. The moment we realize the Truth
and we eradicate the ignorance, we start the journey of
Liberation, our Ultimate Goal.
Most religions in the world advocate that there is a law
114
existing in the universe that returns good for good and

evil for evil. The Eastern cultures call this law the Law
of Karma. The law states - what you give is what you
get. Karma today, is a universally accepted law and
even people in the Western world believe that as you
sow so shall you reap. There are some differences in the
ner points of this belief, with some advocating that we
would go to heaven or hell, others believing that we
will be reborn and still others believing in the nal day
of judgement when we would be appropriately
rewarded or punished by a God and his angels.
It hardly matters what religion we believe in because

we all believe in the law of the boomerang – what goes
around comes around. Thus, by inference, we believe
that we cannot escape from this law. Unfortunately,
there is no proof of this, but it is through inference that
most of humanity accepts that our actions, good or bad,
will invoke a similar reaction. If we plant mangoes, the
universal law ensures that we don't get apples. What
does this prove? Several universal laws exist but there
is no way to prove them. Do we believe in the Law of
Gravity? There is no proof but because of the fact that
anything thrown up in the sky is pulled back to earth,
we believe through inference that there is a law called
the Law of Gravity that is prevalent on earth. So also,
by inference, we believe that the universe is governed
by the law of action and reaction.
Most theologies advocate that the Ultimate Goal of life
115
is Liberation from misery and sorrow, going to heaven

after we die or being enlightened with the Divine Truth.
Each religion talks of being liberated from misery and
sorrow or being blessed with eternal joy and peace.
However, religions and their scriptures over the centuries,
like the game Chinese whisper, have been misunderstood
and misinterpreted. What has not changed globally is both
the desire to be glad and not sad, just as we human beings
seek to escape from all kinds of pain, misery, and sorrow.
Not just momentarily, how can we escape from all our
sinful actions and be liberated?
Those who believe in the concept of rebirth, Hindus, Jains,

and Buddhists amongst others, believe that we human
beings will be reborn in a new body based on our Karma,
our actions. Other religions believe that our actions, good
or bad, are recorded and these decide our destiny. The
seeker of the Truth, the one who wants to achieve the
Ultimate Goal of life, tries to nd out the reality by going
on a quest. It doesn't matter which religion one believes in.
What matters is to discover the Truth. If we really go to
heaven or hell after our death, then where is this heaven
or hell located? Further, we have no doubt that the body is
cremated or buried right here on earth and becomes one
with it. Then who is the one who goes to heaven or hell?
Finally, while we may be promised all kinds of pleasures
and rewards in heaven, but without a body, how can we
enjoy these pleasures?
Liberation is, therefore, something that has to be
116
achieved during our life on earth. We cannot be

liberated after we die, although, the nal reward of
Liberation will come after death. A true seeker who
realizes the Truth transcends body, mind, and ego and
realizes that he is the Soul that must escape and
transcend the Law of Karma. This Liberation is only
possible through realization. But our own mind and ego
are our biggest enemies. Those who realize the Truth
continue to experience a war within. The mind is a
rascal, and along with the ego, the ME (Mind+Ego) –
stops us from both Realization and Liberation.
The secret of the Ultimate Goal is persistence. First,

the seeker eliminates all untenable concepts. Then the
seeker realizes tenable concepts like Moksha,
Enlightenment, and Nirvana – MEN, and that they
are no different from each other. Using methods of
realization, the seeker overcomes ignorance, realizes
the Truth and is liberated from misery and sorrow.
Realization opens the door towards the Ultimate Goal

of Life – Liberation. However, realization doesn't
guarantee Liberation. For a seeker to be liberated from
misery and sorrow, not just in this life, but to escape
from possible rebirth where we will suffer again and
again, the seeker must transcend being the ego, mind,
and body, not just through realization, but thereafter
living a spiritual life from A to Z.
117
Liberation stops us from being worried and stressed,

It gives Peace and Joy and we are not depressed. If
only we realize we are the Divine Soul,
We have achieved Life's Ultimate Goal.
118
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 8
 Most people don't even realize that we human

beings, are prisoners who suffer caged in misery and
sorrow.

 As long as we live in this body-mind-ego complex,
the body suffers physical pain, the mind experiences
all kinds of emotional pain and the ego experiences
the agony when it is hurt.

 For one to be liberated, one has to realize the truth
that Liberation has to be achieved during one's life on
earth. We cannot be liberated after we die although,
the final reward of life will come after death.

 A true seeker who realizes the Truth transcends
ego, mind and body and realizes that he is the Soul
that must escape and transcend the Law of Karma.

 The secret of the Ultimate Goal is persistence. First,
the seeker eliminates all untenable concepts. Then the
seeker realizes that tenable concepts like Moksha,
Enlightenment and Nirvana are no different from
each other.
 Realization opens the door towards the Ultimate

Goal of Life – Liberation. However, realization
doesn't guarantee Liberation. For this we need to live
a spiritual life from A to Z.
119
CHAPTER
09
The A to Z of
Spirituality
120
The A to Z of Spirituality
Those who want to achieve the Ultimate Goal of life,

who want to live a life of eternal bliss and everlasting
happiness, go beyond religion. To them, Moksha,
Enlightenment, and Nirvana are no different from
each other. They respect all the concepts as different
roads that lead to the same goal. They realize that
religion is a kindergarten to spirituality. Just as we
need to go to kindergarten to achieve masters in
anything, we cannot reach our spiritual destination
without the help of some religion. However, those
who get stuck in religious dogma keep going round
in circles. Only those who evolve spiritually will
achieve the Ultimate Goal.
As spiritual aspirants, what must we do? We must

adopt a philosophy of spirituality in our everyday
life. To make it convenient, we can use the method of
listing the philosophy as the A to Z of spirituality.
A. Ask questions: As a spiritual aspirant, we must use

our intellect and question everything. Just accepting
myth or certain beliefs will not take us forward on the
path. We must ask questions – who am I? Why am I
here? Who is God? Where is God? What is God? Why
should we follow these rituals? What happens after
death? Our spiritual journey starts with asking
questions and we must continue asking questions till
we live as an embodied Soul in this body-mind
complex. Those who don't ask questions and just
121
accept whatever they are told, may get caught in a

maze of false beliefs.
B. Beauty is Divinity: A person who is spiritually

evolved sees Divinity in beauty. We must realize the
Truth that everything beautiful is a manifestation of
the Divine. The Divine appears in a beautiful
butter y, a bird, a rose, even in us human beings. The
moment the Divine, the life energy departs, there is
no beauty left. Therefore, we must live with this
realization that beauty is Divinity.
C. Consciousness leads to Peace and Bliss: If we

want to be peaceful and blissful, we must be
conscious of our Divine self. The consciousness that
we are not the body, not the mind leads us to being
conscious that we are the Soul, the spirit, the Atman.
One who lives a life conscious of the Truth will
experience peace and bliss all the time.
D. Discriminate thoughts: As a human being, we

think up to 50 thoughts a minute. This can be about
50,000 thoughts per day. To achieve the Ultimate
Goal, we must use our intellect to act as a lter that
discriminates every thought. We should not let our
thoughts become feelings and actions, without rst
discriminating whether the thought is right or wrong.
E. Enlightenment is the goal: The Ultimate Goal of Life

is to overcome the darkness of ignorance that covers us
122
in a blanket of misery and pain. The only way to

overcome this darkness is with Enlightenment. When
we are Enlightened with the Truth, the darkness of
misery disappears.
F. False beliefs are dangerous: Those who want to

evolve spiritually must overcome the myth by
realization of the Truth. If we continue to accept false
beliefs that have been passed down, we will be trapped
in the myth and we will never realize the Truth.
G. God exists: We may not know who God is, where

God is or what God is, but God is. This is a principal
belief of a spiritual aspirant. We are nothing, God is
everything. The spiritual aspirant realizes that God is
a power beyond human comprehension and beyond
any religion. It is with the grace of God that we can
achieve ultimate peace and bliss.
H. Happiness will follow: If we want to be happy,

we must realize that happiness is like a shadow. We
cannot go behind it. But if we live as the Divine
Spirit, we can be happy all the time. A realized being
lives in a state of everlasting joy being conscious of
the truth that he is the Divine Soul.
I. "I" stops us from Bliss: It is the “I”, the ego that stops
us from achieving the Ultimate Goal of being peaceful
and blissful. As long as we don't realize who the “I” is,
we will never reach our destination. “I am nothing”,
must be on the lips of every spiritual aspirant.
123
J. Journey of life has no destination : A spiritual

aspirant realizes that life is not a chase for us to
become an ace. We must realize and get out of this
maze and live with grace. If we want peace and bliss,
it is available every moment in this journey called
Life. It is not a destination that we must reach.
K. Karma is a universal law: As spiritual aspirants,

we must accept the Law of Karma, but we must also
transcend it. We must go beyond Karma, realizing
that Karma is for the mind and ego, ME, but we are
not this, we are that, the Divine Soul. This will
liberate us from all misery and sorrow.
L. Love is the source of joy: As spiritual aspirants,

we must learn to Love, understanding that Love is
Divine. Love manifests as the 7 colors of the rainbow,
from the time we are born till the time we die. We
must love one and all, seeing the Divine, manifesting
in everybody. Without True Divine Soulful Love, one
cannot experience Bliss.
M. Manifestations of the Divine: As spiritual seekers, we

must realize that everything we see is a manifestation of
the Divine. The mountains and the trees, the rivers and the
seas, the butter ies and the bees, you and me, we are all
manifestation of the Divine. This realization lls our life
with peace and bliss.
N. Now! Only Now exists: To be happy, we must
124
realize that there is no past and future. We cannot be

happy in a yesterday that is gone, nor can we be happy
in a tomorrow not yet born. If we want to be happy, we
must be happy in the NOW. If we are conscious of the
NOW and we are happy in this moment, and we live
moment by moment joyously, we can be happy forever.
O. Omnipresent - The Power that we call God is

everywhere. Can we not see the Divine power
everywhere? In the wind that blows, in the water that
ows and the sun that glows? Divine power exists in
every human being. It is the life that gives us breath,
without which there would be death. Spiritual
seekers experience the omnipresence of the Divine.
P. Purpose of life is Uni cation: If we do not realize

that the ultimate purpose of life is uni cation with the
Divine, we can never achieve that state of eternal peace
and joy. Every moment of Life must be lived with this
focussed purpose to enjoy Soulful ecstasy all the time.
Q. Quest will take us to freedom: We must realize

that Liberation from misery and sorrow starts with a
search, a quest for the Divine Truth. Unless we go on
a quest, to realize the Truth, we will continue to be
prisoners in this world of pleasures and possessions
and never achieve the freedom called Liberation.
R. Realize the Truth: This is the rst door that a

spiritual aspirant must unlock before reaching the
125
ultimate destination. Most of us live believing in the

myth. We think that we are this ego, mind, and body.
The moment we realize the Truth of who we are, we
are liberated from misery and we enjoy a life without
fear, worry, and anxiety. Realization gives us the gift
of peace, joy, and love.
S. Soul is our true identity: When we realize we are not

the ego, mind, and body, then we realize that we are the
Divine Life energy, the Soul that ows in each of the
trillions of cells in the body. As an embodied Soul, it is
our goal not just to realize this, but to be liberated and
to unify with the Divine cosmic universal Soul.
T. Tranquillity and peace is the foundation: As

Spiritual seekers, we must y far above the low and
ordinary waters of pleasure. We must realize that
pleasures are momentary and transitory. We must
live with contentment and ful llment, tranquil and
peaceful, in Divine surrender and acceptance.
U. Unhappiness can be overcome: While most of the

world thinks that there is no way to escape from
misery, realized Souls transcend all suffering from the
realization of the Truth. They watch the drama of life
which is both a tragedy and comedy, realizing that is a
part of the cosmic show called life. They don’t let
anything that happens, to cause them suffering.
V. Victory will not give happiness: Victory, success,
126
achievement mean nothing for the spiritual seeker. We must

realize that monetary success, name, and fame are the
illusions that bind us to this world and ultimately make us
suffer. Spiritual seekers do not chase success. They realize
success is not happiness, happiness is success.
W. Wealth is a roadblock to Nirvana: Those who

consider wealth and money as their possessions can
never evolve spiritually. We must realize the Truth
that we come with nothing and go with nothing.
Nothing belongs to us. We must not imprison
ourselves in a cage made of gold and diamonds.
X. "X-it” we all have to exit one day: Can we escape

death? The body will die, but we, the ones who are
embodied, alive within, never die. If we are spiritually
evolved, then at death we will be liberated and we will
unite with the Divine. If not, we will return, in another
life as the ME, Mind, and Ego, to face our Karma.
Y. Yoga is being in Union with the Divine: Yoga is

not what the world thinks it is. It is not physical
exercise, nor is it just breath control. While these two
may be part of Yoga, the true meaning of yoga is
union. Real Yoga means being in constant union with
the Divine, never losing the connection. It is like a
good SIM card that is always connected to the
network. Yoga is a connection with the Divine. It may
be through action, devotion, education or meditation.
127
Z. Zen is Meditation that slows down the mind: The

“Z” of spirituality, last but not the least, is the power
to meditate. What is meditation? It is about slowing
down the mind and contemplating a single thought.
Unless we stop the production of unnecessary
thoughts, we will continue to be the victim of the
enemy, our own mind! We must kill the mind before
it kills us and this is possible only with meditation.
The A to Z of spirituality is a spiritual philosophy

created so that it reminds us to constantly live within
this domain. The A to Z acts as a guideline and a
constant reminder of the spiritual Truth. It helps us
live a life of realization and achieve the goal of
Liberation. Those who live a life with the A to Z of
spirituality are liberated from all misery and sorrow
and they experience eternal peace, everlasting joy,
and Divine love, unknown to the common man.
If we live as the Divine Soul,

If this becomes our Life Goal,
If A to Z of Spirituality, we are able to learn, We
will unite with the Divine and never return.
128
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 9
A to Z of Spirituality
To achieve the Ultimate Goal of life, we should live

with the A to Z of spirituality.
A. Ask questions
B. Beauty is Divinity
C. Consciousness leads to Peace and Bliss
D. Discriminate thoughts
E. Enlightenment is the goal
F. False beliefs are dangerous
G. God exists
H. Happiness will follow
I. "I" stops us from Bliss
J. Journey of life has no destination
K. Karma is a universal law
L. Love is the source of joy
M. Manifestations of the Divine
N. Now! Only Now exists
O. Omnipresent - The Power is everywhere
P. Purpose of life is Unification
Q. Quest will take us to freedom
R. Realize the Truth
S. Soul is our true identity
T. Tranquillity and peace is the foundation
U. Unhappiness can be overcome
V. Victory will not give happiness
W. Wealth is a roadblock to Nirvana
X. "X-it” we all have to exit one day
Y. Yoga is being in Union with the Divine
Z. Zen is Meditation that slows down the mind
129
CHAPTER
10
Discover the
secret of
Ultimate Peace,
Bliss, and Joy
130
Discover the secret of the Ultimate Peace, Bliss, and Joy
Coming this far on the journey of life, studying all the

religious concepts, and understanding 3 primary
tenable concepts, MEN - Moksha, Enlightenment,
and Nirvana, what is our ultimate realization? Can
we live a life of everlasting peace and eternal joy
without any misery and suffering? The good news is
that we can. Till now, this might have been a secret of
peace, joy, bliss, and love, but if we realize the Truth,
then it is no more a secret. It is just a set of principles
that lead to Liberation.
Of course, we have to ask questions as we go on a quest,

we have to separate tenable concepts from untenable
concepts, we have to go beyond religion to realize the
Truth and be liberated. Whatever be our religion, it hardly
matters because religion is the foundation on which our
philosophy of life must be built. Once the foundation is
built, whether we follow the Hindu concept of Moksha,
the Western concept of Enlightenment or the Buddhist
concept of Nirvana, they all root from realization of the
Truth that creates the shoot of Liberation from misery and
sorrow and the fruit of joy, peace, and love. If we continue
to live with ignorance, that we are the Ego, Mind, and
Body, then there is no way for us to transcend suffering.
But if we realize we are the Divine Soul, we can
experience Ananda, eternal joy and peace.
Love is a source of happiness, but we feel guilty to love.

Why? It is due to the ignorance of loving the physical
body. Once we realize we are the Divine Soul and we
131
love from Soul to Soul, we will experience an ecstasy

of Soulful Love that is blissful and peaceful.
The moment we realize that we are the Soul, not the

body and mind, we are liberated from fear. We live a
life of surrender and acceptance, living in the
moment, conscious of the now. Regret, anger, and
anxiety become a thing of the past as we are liberated
from all kinds of misery and sorrow, with the
realization of the Truth.
Who doesn't want to live a life that is lled with

happiness and knows no unhappiness? Any of these
concepts, Moksha, Enlightenment or Nirvana can
lead us to our Ultimate Goal. But we must realize the
principles behind liberation and live a life of
spirituality. After all, it is not so dif cult to know that
we are the life energy that is alive in the body. We are
not the bodies that we wear, but rather the ones that
wear the body.
Realization is not knowledge. One may read this

book, and know of everything written, but one may
not realize the Truth. Realization is absolute wisdom.
It is a metamorphosis in our life.
Long ago, a king suddenly died leaving no legal heir. The

ministers of the kingdom were in mourning when the old
grandmother of the King told them that the grandfather of the
king had a cousin who had a son, but unfortunately, he was
132
useless and thus had become a beggar. However, he had the

royal blood of the king.
After much searching, this far relative of the king who had
royal blood was found begging near the market area. The
ministers picked him up, cleaned, bathed and shaved him
till he was presentable. They explained to him that he had
royal blood and they wanted to crown him king. The
coronation took place ending the mourning in the
kingdom, without revealing that the king was the beggar.
Many years later when the king opened a cupboard, the

beggar's dress, hat, stick, and begging bowl fell out and he
thought of the market where he used to beg. He told his
personal minister in con dence that he wanted to visit the
market early the next morning. As he left for the market in
his royal silk attire, he quickly wore the beggar's clothes on
top and covered himself with the hat to look like the beggar.
He reached the market place and surprised the people who
saw the beggar after many years. They teased him and asked
him, “We thought you were dead. Where did you go?”
The king in the beggar's clothes took the same route that he
used to take as a beggar, begging with his bowl, trying to
understand what was happening in the market. In the
evening, when it was dark, he returned to the corner where
the minister picked him up in a carriage to take him back to
the palace.
All day long, as the king was begging in the market with his
beggar's clothes, not for a moment did the king think he was
133
the beggar. The king knew very well that he was the king.
Even though on the outside he was wearing the beggar's
clothes, the silk shirt within rubbed against his skin
making him constantly aware that he was the King.
What does this story of the King tell us? Those who
realize the Truth that they are the Divine Soul, not the
ego, mind, and body, can never forget their true
identity even for a moment. Just because they are alive
in an ego, mind and body complex, they don't become
the body. If they do, then they have not realized the
Truth and they cannot be liberated from misery and
sorrow. Like the king had realized he was king, we
need to have the absolute realization that we are the
Divine Soul, which is the Truth. Just because we are
embodied in a body-mind complex, we don't become
that. Just because the king was wearing the beggar's
clothes, he never thought for a moment that he was not
the king but a beggar. We too must be ever conscious to
transcend ego, mind, and body, to be liberated from all
kinds of suffering and enjoy peace and bliss that comes
with Realization and Liberation.
To enjoy Eternal Peace and Everlasting Joy, we must

live in constant union with the Divine, being
conscious of our true reality. This is the key to
experiencing Bliss. If we do, we will be liberated,
provided we don't sink into worldly pleasures and
possessions. Building a strong connection with the
Divine keeps us away from the cosmic illusion.
134
A liberated Soul lives life being conscious and enjoying

the bliss of Divinity. One who is liberated doesn't get
pulled back and imprisoned in ignorance again. A truly
liberated Soul lives ever conscious of the Truth, blissful,
peaceful, and joyous, loving one and all, each a Divine
manifestation as he is. Such a person enjoys MEN,
Moksha, Enlightenment or Nirvana, lives a life of Bliss,
Joy, and Peace, liberated from all misery and suffering
attaining the Ultimate Goal of life.
Discover the secret of Ultimate Peace,

A secret that will make Misery Cease.
Unifying us with the Divine, our Ultimate Goal,
Once we are liberated as the Divine Soul.
135
SUMMARY - CHAPTER 10
Discover the secret of Ultimate Peace, Bliss, and Joy
 After understanding the 3 primary tenable

concepts, MEN - Moksha, Enlightenment, and
Nirvana, what is our ultimate realization? Can we live
a life of everlasting peace and eternal joy without any
misery and suffering? Yes! We can.

 But for this, we have to ask questions as we go on a
quest and we have to separate tenable concepts from
untenable concepts.

 Whatever be our religion, it is the foundation on which
our philosophy of life must be built. But we need to go
beyond religion to realize the Truth and to be liberated.

 Whether we follow the Hindu concept of Moksha,
the western concept of Enlightenment or the Buddhist
concept of Nirvana, they all start from realization of the
Truth. They take us towards Liberation from misery and
sorrow, and we live with Joy, Peace, and Love.

 If we continue to live with ignorance, that we are
the Ego, Mind, and Body, then there is no way for us
to transcend suffering.

 A liberated Soul lives life being conscious and
enjoying the bliss, of Divinity. One who is liberated
doesn't get pulled back to be imprisoned in ignorance
again but lives every moment in Divine ecstasy, in
joy, bliss, and peace.
136
Poem
Why this misery, why this strife?
We want happiness, but don't achieve our Goal
Because we don't realize we are the Soul
The world believes that we were apes

Jumping on trees and eating grapes
And then from apes, we became
MEN A magic show from one to ten!
In ignorance, we live and we die

We look at the sky, we pray, we cry
But why we are born, we don't nd out
why Who are we, who is this “I”?
We don't go for a search and quest And

we don't put our beliefs to test Whatever
we are told, we believe the myth We
suffer because we don't know the Truth
But there were wise men, the Truth who

knew They were not many, they were just a
few They went on a quest to nd the Truth
They didn't just accept, went to the bottom of the root
Who is the Creator of this wonderful earth?

Who causes death, who gave us birth?
Yes, our mother and father were part of the
plan But this Divine work is not that of man
137
Poem
There is a power unknown to us

There is no doubt, let us not fuss
We don't know who, where and, what is
God But there is a Creator who is our Lord
There are some who believe 'to heaven we will

go’ When we die at the end of the show
But where is heaven? Does anybody know?
And if the body stays here, then who will go?
There are others who believe that God is a man

Living in the skies doing what he can
Once in a while, he comes to earth
To ful ll our prayers, our joy, our mirth
And though we know Santa is a lie

We believe in the myth and don't ask
why We just exist, we live and die
Without asking the question of who and why
We have a body but that's not 'ME'

We are in fact, just energy
To nd this Truth is our Ultimate Goal,
That we are, in fact, the Divine Soul
Moksha it was called many centuries ago

It was Liberation after death, this Truth we know
And then there would be no future birth
And we would not have to return to earth
138
Poem
Those who don't know are born again

The law of Karma is for all men
The law says what you sow, you reap
Good or bad, both we get to keep
And then came about the concept ‘Enlightenment’

Realizing the Truth, getting ful llment
It is about not being ignorant
And knowing the Truth for our betterment
For like blind men, we live in the dark

We think there is nothing, except the dogs that
bark But because we are blind and cannot see
We believe there is nothing, how can this be?
From darkness to light we must go

What is the Truth, this we must know
For if we don't, as we live and die
We will suffer in misery and cry
Siddhartha was a Hindu king

Who refused to believe just everything
He went on a quest the truth to nd
And awakened his consciousness, transcended his mind
The Buddha said Nirvana was a state of bliss

It was achieved by realization not making a miss
Living with Four Noble truths and Eight-fold path
He said we can escape from misery and wrath
139
Poem
For what is a human being's life meant?

Must we really take a spiritual bend?
Why must we know we are not body and mind?
What is the necessity of the Truth to nd?
It is important for us not to live like fools

We are blessed as humans, we are given tools
Discriminating with an intellect what is right and wrong
Questioning every thought, becoming spiritually strong
But it is really sad, we just live and die

What is our purpose, we don't nd out why
We are given this birth, who is this 'I'?
We just believe, living with the lie
And because of this ignorance, we are miserable and

sad We want to be happy, but we can't be glad
If the A to Z of spirituality we get to
know Then we will truly enjoy the show
This life is a special gift for us

It is not just a moving bus
Which starts at birth and death is the end
Each moment is precious, to be wisely spent
If we realize the Truth, that we are the Soul

Then we have achieved our Ultimate Goal
There will be Joy, Bliss, Love, and Peace
Misery and sorrow will completely cease
140
About the Author – AiR
AiR – Atman or the Soul in Ravi, is an embodied Soul
whose only mission in life is to help people realize
the Truth.
He was born in Bangalore on October 15, 1966. At a

very young age, Ravi V. Melwani mastered the craft of
business and became a very successful businessman
who revolutionized retailing in India with the stores
KidsKemp, Big KidsKemp, and Kemp Fort.
After making millions, he realized that life is not just about

making money. He shut down his business at the age of 40,
transformed his life to RVM, living by the RVM philosophy –
Rejoice, Value Life, and Make a Difference. He started doing
H.I.S. work – Humanitarian, Inspirational and Spiritual
work. His mission was to 'Make a Difference' in this world
before his journey was over.
As a part of the humanitarian initiative, a charitable

hospital and charitable homes were set up with an
aim to provide free medical treatment and care to the
poor, destitute, and needy. Today, over 600 homeless
and suffering people are served and cared for in
destitute homes and provided with free shelter, food,
clothing, and medical care.
A School of Inspiration was set up that inspired the

lives of many people through motivating talks,
141
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
inspirational books and videos, and thought-

provoking quotes.
A Shiva Temple was built in the year 1995 in

Bangalore, which is now known as the Shivoham
Shiva Temple. AiR now believes that religion is just a
kindergarten of Spirituality, and we all have to go
beyond religion to truly realize God.
One day, his Guru provoked him to introspect: What

is the purpose of life? Is life just meant to seek
pleasures and to live and die without any purpose?
What happens after death? Will we be reborn? Where
is God? Several questions like these took him on a
quest, a search for the Truth. He gave up his life of
Achievement and Ful lment in search of the nal
peak of life: Enlightenment.
After a few years of intense search in retreat, deep in the

mountains, he realized that we are not this Body. We are
the Soul, the Atman. He changed his name to AiR
–Atman in Ravi. He metamorphosed to AiR and gave
up his entire life as RVM and started living as an
instrument of God doing His Divine Will. This led to
several Realizations that formed his new mission of
life – to help people Realize the Truth.
Since then, AiR's life has been dedicated to reaching out

and helping people to eradicate the ignorance that we
live in. Truth is Truth but our Mind does not realize
142
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
that. With AiR's own Realization, he has published

several books, written bhajans, blogs, quotes, poems
and taken up several other initiatives that can direct
people towards the Truth. His vision, now, is to help
people to Ask, Investigate, and Realize. He believes
that unless people ask questions, they will never start
a quest and even if they start the quest unless they
really investigate, they will not realize the Truth. This
Truth cannot be learned in a school, college or
university, it must be realized. AiR has dedicated his
life to helping people realize the Truth.
We are Not the Body,

We are Not the Mind,
We are the Soul,
This TRUTH we must FIND!
143
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
1. Talaash
'Talaash' means Search or Quest. This book

by AiR is his personal journey to realize the
Truth where he shares his Realization that
we are not the Body and the Mind that we
seem to be. We are Power. The Divine life
force is known as Soul, Spirit or Atman. This
search and quest by AiR made him
transform his life. It is a quest that made
him realize the Truth. It might be just that
book that inspires you to Liberation.
2. 3 Peaks of Happiness
3 Peaks of Happiness by AiR is a simple book

that talks about the quest of all humanity.
Everybody wants to be happy. But is everybody
happy? No. The reason is we are stuck on the
rst peak of Happiness – Achievement. 20% of
the people are lucky to climb the second peak of
Happiness – Ful lment, which comes from
contentment. But there is a third peak beyond.
The third peak of happiness will liberate you
from the prisons of misery and sorrow and give
you eternal Joy and Bliss.
144
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
3. My Guru, My Mentor, My God on Earth
My Guru, My Mentor, My God on Earth is a

book by AiR in which he shares his
experiences with his Guru who was not just
his Guru and Mentor, but also his God on
Earth. We all need a coach, a teacher to help
us understand, guide us to live life and this
book "My Guru" will inspire you to nd your
Guru or to make your relationship with your
Guru more ful lling and meaningful.
4. I will Never Die. Death is not "The End”
In the journey of his life, AiR realized many

Truths. One of the Truths was that he
would never die. The Body will die, but the
one who lives in the Body never dies. We
are not the bodies that we wear; we are the
ones who wear the Body. Death is not the
end. It is a bend to transcend. This book
reveals the Truth about Death.
5. Death is Not "The End". Death is

"Liberation"
Death is Not "The End". Death is "Liberation"

– the second book in the series of books on
death by AiR – touches upon the secret of the
Kathopanishad, which talks about what
happens at death. One of two things happens
145
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
– if we think we are the Body and Mind as a doer, we

are reborn. But if we think we are not the Body and
Mind, but the Energy, we are liberated to eternal Joy
and Peace.
6. I am not I. Who am I?
I am not I. Who am I? – is a very interesting

book by AiR, which talks of his quest and
Realization that we are not who we think
we are. We have a house, but we are not the
house. We have a car, but we are not the car.
We have a Body, but we are not the Body.
We may have a Mind, but we are not the
Mind. Who are we? Realize the Truth.
7. The Mind is a Rascal
Can you believe that the Mind is a rascal?

You always thought that the Mind is king –
it is everything. But just try this. Sit quietly
for an hour, and try to nd the Mind. Where
is it? You will nd the Mind doesn't exist.
This amazing book by AiR will teach us that
the Mind is our enemy. It is the one that
makes us suffer. It is time to nd the rascal
and to kill it. How do you do it?
8. A Cosmic Drama
This book authored by AiR challenges us to

think that whatever is happening in life is not
146
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
real. It is nothing but a drama. The earth is a big stage,

and we are all actors who come and go. There is no
need to worry and cry till we die. If we understand the
Truth, we can enjoy the show called life.
9. Who is God? Where is God? What is God?
Well, this might seem to be a simple set of

questions, but nobody really knows the
answers. We all know that God exists. We
pray to a God as per our religion but what is
the Truth about God? Has anybody seen
God? Where is God? This simple book will
change your perception and belief about
God and bring you closer to this Power
called God. It will help you realize God.
10. The A to Z of Karma
Most people are aware of the concept of Karma

– the Law. What you give is what you get. But
not everybody knows the A to Z of Karma,
that we can actually transcend Karma, escape
from it and achieve Moksha, Nirvana,
Liberation or Enlightenment. This book
reveals the secret – of eternal Joy and Peace - a
life without any misery or suffering.
11. Who Are You & Why Are You Here?
'Who are you and why are you' here is a simple book
147
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
which challenges us to discover the secret of

our life. Most of us think we are the Body-
Mind complex, but in reality, we are not. The
Body will die and return to dust. Where is the
Mind, we cannot nd. Who are we in reality?
And beyond that what is the purpose of life on
earth. This book will give you all the answers.
12. The 4th Factor
Man thinks that he can achieve anything. He

believes that there is nothing in this world he
can't do. But, he doesn't realize that his efforts
and equipment are not enough to decide the
results of his actions. Sometimes, he does his
best but things don't work out the way he
wants. He then realizes the importance of the
4th Factor, a factor that makes the possible,
possible and without its consent even the
possible becomes impossible.
13. Be Happy in the NOW!
Every human being on earth wants to be

Happy. There is nobody who enjoys pain.
People want to achieve Happiness but they
fail to realize that Happiness is the journey
itself, not the destination. Then, what is the
secret of eternal Joy, Bliss, and Peace? It is
being Happy in the NOW. Every time we let
148
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
the suffering of yesterday take charge of our life, we

destroy the Joy of today. When our thoughts anxiously
jump into what may happen in the future, we lose the
tranquillity of the present moment. We seem to be like
helpless monkeys jumping from one branch to another,
from yesterday to tomorrow. And in the bargain, we
lose the gift of being Happy in the present. With this
book, AiR hopes to inspire people to live life moment
by moment, if they really want to be Happy.
14. Questions You Must Answer Before You Die
Most of us live and die but we don't ask the

question – Why? We just exist! We don't want
to invest time in asking essential questions
which are actually needed to lead a ful lling
and Blissful life. There are so many critical
questions that we must answer before our
journey of life is over. What will happen to us
after we die? Who created this universe? How
can we be Happy all the time? Who is God,
where is God, what is God? Like this, there are so
many questions which we are ignorant about and
somehow, we believe that ignorance is Bliss. We
Blissfully live in ignorance till we die. Isn't it time to
stop and ask questions?
15. Suffer No More
Suffer No More is a personal experience of overcoming
149
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
anguish, anxiety, distress, and grief. We all

suffer physical pain. Who on earth can escape
from it? But while there is pain, can we do
away with the suffering? What is suffering?
While we all experience it, have we gone on a
quest to understand what the primary cause
of misery is? We live in this ignorance, this
myth, that suffering is an unavoidable part of
life. We can be free from suffering if only we
realize that we are the prisoners of negative emotions
that continue to make us miserable. Suffer No More is
an analysis of suffering, what causes it and how we can
overcome it. If one wants to truly live with eternal Joy
and everlasting Peace, it's possible! This book will help
you Realize the Truth and Suffer No More!
16. Success is not Happiness... Happiness is Success
Everybody wants to succeed. If one goes deep

into the psychology of winning, one will
realize that people want to win because this
makes them Happy, just as failure makes
them miserable. People want to succeed and
they do everything possible to win because
they want to be Happy. In fact, humanity, by
and large, believes that Success is like a
cause, of which Happiness is the effect. In the present
book the readers will discover the reality that Success
equals Happiness is an illusion. No doubt Success
creates a sense of grati cation that makes us Happy but
150
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
Real Happiness is beyond achievement. It is

contentment and ful lment. It's time for us to realize
the Truth. Instead of chasing Success to be Happy, we
should try to be Happy. That is true Success. We
must realize that Success is not Happiness,
Happiness is Success.
17. God = Happiness
We understand what it means to be happy,

especially when we compare it to those times
when we are miserable and unhappy. But
how exactly is our state of Joy or sorrow
connected to God, remains a mystery. Yes, we
pray thinking of God as somebody in heaven
who has a magic wand with which he controls
our Happiness. But is this true or is there
something else that we are ignorant about? In
his quest to discover Truth and the purpose of life, the
author found answers that liberated him from misery
and sorrow. He also realized that people didn't know
where exactly to search for Happiness. All pray to God
but do we know the Real Truth about God? We may
believe in any religion but that hardly matters, because
God is beyond religion. While we evolve in life, we
don't spiritually evolve to realize that God is far more
powerful than what we imagine. This book is not about
religion. It takes us far beyond religion to Realize the
Truth about God and how God is Happiness.
151
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
18. Life! Realized!!
The present book is a personal re ection of

the author who has written several books on
life, happiness, and almost everything that
matters in the life journey. Like anybody
else, he too spent many years of his life
chasing success and money but then, he took
an exit from this rst peak of happiness -
Achievement, transformed his life and
started living with Contentment and Ful llment. He
realized that what mattered the most was his Life
Realization. There were many questions in his mind
and after a profound investigation, he discovered the
Truth. He decided to pen down all his realizations
together to share them with the world. Those who wish
to start a quest of self-realization and God-realization
must read this book as it will direct them towards the
path which will help them realize the Truth.
19. True Love is Bliss...Not Just a Kiss
True Love is bliss, not just a kiss. It is sad that

Love which is the source of joy and
happiness, is not understood by the world.
The world thinks of Love to be just hugs and
kisses, romance and sex. Is this True Love?
No. True Love is Love from the Soul. It is
Divine Love that manifests as Love from the
152
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
day we are born to the day we die. Stop! Discover True

Love and live your life with eternal bliss and joy.
20. True Meaning of Yoga
Yoga, today, is primarily taught as a set of

body postures or Asanas. Some take it a step
further and include breathing exercises
referred to as Pranayama. But this is not true
Yoga! This may be good for our physical well-
being but true Yoga is something completely
different. Those who think that Yoga is just
about stretching the body will be in for a big surprise
when they read this book. It will trigger their mind and
help them overcome the misconceptions about Yoga.
Yoga, in reality, is a Union with the Divine. There is no
doubt that as part of the entire Yogic experience, some
saints advocated certain body postures and breathing
exercises to be a part of the overall Yoga practice, but
most de nitely, these by themselves are not Yoga. This
book attempts to explain everything about Yoga, its
actual meaning and signi cance, how it must be
practised and how through Yoga, one can be liberated
and experience Ultimate Bliss and Divine Peace.
21. The Ultimate Goal of Life, MEN – Moksha,

Enlightenment, Nirvana
Coming Soon
22. Religion! A Kindergarten to Spirituality
153
BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
If you have any questions on life, rebirth, liberation

or anything related to spirituality, you can visit Ask
AiR, and AiR will answer your questions.
Please visit the following link

www.air.ind.in/ask_air/
||Om Namah Shivaya|| ||Shivoham||
Visit or Scan the QR Code

A.i.R.
to download the AiR - Atman in Ravi App. AiR Institute of Realization
www.air.ind.in | [email protected] Ask Investigat e Realize
154
155
This book was distributed courtesy of:
For your own Unlimited Reading and FREE eBooks today, visit:
http://www.Free-eBooks.net
Share this eBook with anyone and everyone automatically by selecting any of the
options below:
To show your appreciation to the author and help others have

wonderful reading experiences and find helpful information too,
we'd be very grateful if you'd kindly
post your comments for this book here.
COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
Free-eBooks.net respects the intellectual property of others. When a book's copyright owner submits their work to Free-eBooks.net, they are granting us permission to distribute such material. Unless
otherwise stated in this book, this permission is not passed onto others. As such, redistributing this book without the copyright owner's permission can constitute copyright infringement. If you
believe that your work has been used in a manner that constitutes copyright infringement, please follow our Notice and Procedure for Making Claims of Copyright Infringement as seen in our Terms
of Service here:
https://www.free-ebooks.net/tos.html
3 AUDIOBOOK COLLECTIONS
6 BOOK COLLECTIONS

The Ultimate Goal of Life MEN Moksha Enlightenment Nirvana

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Ultimate Goal of Life MEN Moksha Enlightenment Nirvana

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Ultimate Goal of Life MEN Moksha Enlightenment Nirvana

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

3 AUDIOBOOK COLLECTIONS

Copyright © AiR Institute of Realization 2019

Printed in India by Navya Graphics

2. How can we achieve the Ultimate Goal of Life? 7

6. Which path will lead us to our Ultimate Goal? 91

7. Realization of the Truth 99

9. The A to Z of Spirituality 119

10. Discover the secret of the Ultimate 129

11. POEM 136

12. ABOUT THE AUTHOR 140

13. BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR 143

Are we meant to live just to die? What is our purpose here

To get to the Ultimate Goal, we need to make an

The earth is a marvel with so many beautiful creatures,

But who is God? Where is God? What is God? Who is

When we try to study what the Ultimate Goal of Life is,

We seem to be actors on this humongous stage called

What we don't understand is, who we are and why we

Different religions in different countries offer different

If we go through all the religions of the world, we

If we investigate and study 'MEN', Moksha,

What is the Ultimate Goal of life?

Most of humanity rightly believes that our Ultimate

Can we be happy all the time? While we all experience

The most common way people try to achieve this

happiness, but the question is - can we be successful all the

While the rst peak of happiness seems to be

While this minority who leaves the rst peak of happiness,

Is there a way to escape misery and suffering? Yes,

Most of humanity suffers misery and pain. Not just the

just because of the ego - the ego that demands and

Seekers of Truth, seeking the Ultimate Goal of life ask

Most people don't live through life, they drift!

 We live with the sole purpose of doing things that

While every human being seeks to be happy and hates

Manufacturers of beauty creams and luxury soaps

But man is intelligent. Man doesn't get carried away

Why do we fold our hands in prayer? Most of humanity

prays because they seek happiness, peace of mind

A peek into history reveals some strange beliefs of

The challenge with the monotheistic religions is not their

hell as we clearly see that a person who dies is cremated

Ancient history is based on presumptions and

History across the globe, by and large, reveals that

In the Eastern world, because Hinduism became full of

Today's Hindu concepts seem untenable with there

While the current Hindu beliefs do not offer a solution

While the Hindu concept of Moksha continues to

Due to such beliefs in Hinduism, one rich Hindu prince

Since Buddhism offered people a simpler and practical

One may come across the term Enlightenment. A

Although Enlightenment is a very recent global

While MEN, Moksha, Enlightenment, and Nirvana,

Religion is just the kindergarten to spirituality. If we study

of the Ultimate Truth. The Truth is one, though it

As a seeker seeking the Ultimate Goal of life, let us

Religion doesn't matter in the search for Truth, Nor

 Man knows that his Ultimate Happiness comes

The Hindu Faith, a faith that seems to have no

It is said that over 4000 years ago when the Hindu