SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KÌ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN HỌC SINH GIỎI THÀNH PHỐ

HÀ NỘI LỚP 12 THPT NĂM HỌC 2020-2021

Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC Ngày thi:19/10/2020
Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút
(Đề thi gồm 17 trang)

Điểm Cán bộ chấm thi Phách

Bằng số Bằng chữ Họ và tên Chữ ký

1.

2.

- Thí sinh làm bài trực tiếp vào đề thi và không được sử dụng bất kỳ loại tài liệu nào, kể cả từ điển.
- Cán bộ coi thi không giải thích gì thêm.

I. LISTENING (4.0 points)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
- Bài nghe có 04phần. Trong đĩa CD đã ghi đủ số lần nghe (02 lần) theo quy định và đủ thời gian để thí
sinh đọc câu hỏi trước khi nghe.
- Sau khi phát đề 03 phút, cán bộ coi thi bật máy và chỉ bật 01 lần cho tới khi kết thúc bài nghe bằng
một nhạc hiệu.

Part 1:You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which
fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Extract 1: You hear two friends talking about a trip to help someone in need.
1. The woman seems surprised that the man and his colleagues _______.
A. found time to organize the trip
B. managed to fit all the toys and clothing into two lorries
C. were able to find the money to finance the trip
2. When the lorries arrived, the man felt _______.
A. proud of his achievements
B. sympathetic for the children's predicament
C. determined that he would return

Extract 2: You hear a presenter making a charity appeal on TV.

3. The man emphasizes the fact that _______.
A. making a donation is not the only way to help people in need
B. whatever help we can give is welcome
C. it's up to us all to ensure funds reach their target
4. In the man's opinion, anyone making a donation will_______.
A. be motivated to do more in future
B. feel guilty for not having done so earlier
C. have a clear conscience tonight

Extract 3: You hear two people on a radio programme talking about sponsoring a child.
5. Why did the man find Opportunity International inspiring?
A. It's prepared to advertise in newspapers.
B. It interviews sponsors personally.
C. It cooperates with the local population.
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6. The man regards the donation he makes as _______.

A. a means of obtaining information
B. a small contribution towards a good cause
C. an insignificant gesture given the circumstances

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Part 2:
You will hear part of a radio programme about space travel. Listen and complete the sentences (1-8)
with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.
- Mir’s mission was to provide Russian cosmonauts with a (1) _______.
- Mir remained (2) _______ for nine years longer than had been originally planned.
- Only when oxygen started leaking into space was Mir finally (3) _______.
- (4) _______ to the suggestion that Mir be scrapped was significant.
- A Dutch company envisage a future for Mir as a (5) _______. One person invested $1 million in
preparation for the launch which would make him the first space tourist ever.
- Few people can endure being (6) _______ for prolonged period of times.
- Returning to Earth, some cosmonauts are so weak that they can’t even come out of their (7) _______.
- (8) _______ is described as by far the worst kind of travel sickness.

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.

Part 3: You will hear two people Georgia and Jack, talking about a business which their friend
Amelia runs. Decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the
speakers agree. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Write:
G for Georgia
J for Jack
or: B for Both, when they agree

1. To improve profits, Amelia needs to re-focus her efforts.

2. Amelia is right to feel she has too much local competition.
3. It’s worth suggesting to Amelia that she updates some aspects of her business.
4. Advice is best sought from experienced business people.
5. Some irregularity in turnover is to be expected.
6. Amelia is able to deal with the current challenge her business presents.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Part 4: You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about job interviews they attended.
While you listen, you must complete both tasks. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.
Task 1 - For questions 1 - 5, choose from the list (A - H) what made each speaker apply for the job.
 3

A. being approached by a recruiter 1. Speaker 1: _____

B. an online advertisement
C. feeling obliged to do so 2. Speaker 2: _____
D. wanting more responsibility 3. Speaker 3: _____
E. wishing to make a point
4. Speaker 4: _____
F. a need to gain experience
G. the prospect of a better salary package 5. Speaker 5: _____
H. the reputation of the employer

Task 2 - For questions 6 - 10, choose from the list (I - P) how each speaker felt after the interview.
I. aware of an error of judgment 6. Speaker 1: _____
J. unsettled by one aspect of it
K. surprised at how challenging it was 7. Speaker 2: _____
L. disappointed with the outcome 8. Speaker 3: _____
M. less keen on the job itself
9. Speaker 4: _____
N. unimpressed by the interview panel
O. amused at the way it was set up 10. Speaker 5: _____
P. intimidated by the other applicants
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (4.0 points)

Part 1: Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.
1. The price of bread has just doubled, but with _______ inflation, what can you expect?
A. rampant B. steadfast C. profuse D. staunch
2. The statute of the nymph had been _______ with garlands for the festival.
A. affiliated B. cascaded C. adorned D. bunched
3. It’s best to meet your problems ________ and solve them before they get worse.
A. eye-on B. hair-on C. nose-on D. head-on
4. Kathy was as pleased as _______ when she heard she had passed the exam.
A. a poppy B. punch C. a sunflower D. pound notes
5. Victoria went to great _______ to complete a high quality presentation.
A. efforts B. torment C. pains D. difficulty
6. I was feeling quite ill but I am as right as _______ now.
A. possible B. sunshine C. usual D. rain
7. I offered to do the job, but soon found that I was _______, as it was more difficult than I had thought.
A. pushing up daisies B. knocking on wood C. in over my head D. off their hands
8. John and Saraf lived in the back of _______ and it always took us a whole day to drive there.
A. the country B. isolution C. nowhere D. beyond
9. Now that you have more money, you'll be able to _______ a little; you have no excuses any more.
A. live it up B. make a break C. cut and run D. fly off the handle
10. Once you have finished painting the ceiling of a room, the rest is _______ sailing.
A. smooth B. plain C. straight D. easy
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2: Complete these sentences, using the suitable form of the words in capitals. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
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1. Since ancient time the bonds of matrimony helped to forge bonds between powerful LINE
dynastic leaders in order to perpetuate their _______.
2. The addition of a piquant flavor to any cuisine always makes the food more _______. PALATE
3. Markets have been held here since time _______. MEMORIAL
4. Ancient tribes often led a _______ existence, regularrly uprooting their drellings and NOMAD
moving their livestock in search of greener and fresher pastures.
5. Besides critical and creative thinking, we need to be able to think and act faster, which TIME
will enable us to better thrive in an accelerating and _______ world.
6. By pausing for a moment or two before speaking, you will simply be _______ a nervous ACT
tendency to rush headlong into everything.
7. After the Second World War, there was indeed a/an_______ of developing nations that RISE
were able to think up political institutions with a view to achieving independence from their
prior colonial and sustain mass engagement thereafter.
8. Protectionism and the notion of free trade are too _______ opposed economic IDEA
philosophies.
9. The decision was made _______; he did not consult his partners prior to the LATERAL
announcement.
10. The business is _______ as it can no longer meet the repayments on its debt. SOLVE

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: Complete the sentences with the correct form of a verb in A, and a preposition/ particle in
B.There is one extra preposition that you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.
A B
beaver goof beef avail perk forth out away of for up
track blurt pull fling launch down together up into around
1. The children _______ when their teacher said they were going to plan a class excursion.
2. The dinner party was going smoothly until Paula _______ her true opinion of the other guests.
3. Karen was terribly nervous before the interview but she managed to _______ herself _______ and act
confidently.
4. Just recently she _______ herself _______ her work with great enthusiasm.
5. Your report on the new car park is fine, but why don’t you _______ it _______ a bit with some figures?.
6. Mark has a rich father, so Mark doesn't work; he just _______ most of time.
7. She _______ into a long tale about what she had been doing.
8. I_______ at the typewriter all day and I’ve nearly finished Chapter 2.
9. When the company is privatized, you should _______ yourself _______ the opportunity and buy some
shares.
10. An old school friend _______ me _______ on the Internet and we met up recently to compare our life
stories.

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 4: For each set, think of one word which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. _______
- It was so cold that it came as no surprise to find the pond covered by a ______ of ice.
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- The tour guide handed each of us an information ______ before taking us round the archaeological site.
- As soon as the petrol tanker crashed, a ______ of flame spread across the road.
2. _______
- It's always been her dream to join the ______ police as she is mad about horses and everything to do
with them.
- The company ______ a vigorous campaign to explain that its business practices were fair.
- The Queen walked into the hall, came up to the stairs and ______ a few steps leading to the throne.
3. _______
- I'm sorry. What did you say? I've just lost the ______ of our conversation because of this phone call.
- The tailor's deteriorating eyesight was making it more and more difficult for him to ______ the needle.
- Marooned on a desert island hundreds of miles away from the mainland, the castaways felt their
existence was hanging by a ______.
4. _______
- You've been talking for two hours. Please let me have the ______ now. I'd like to address the public.
- It is believed that the wreck has been lying deep on the sea ______ since the war hostilities ended.
- Trade unions pointed out that there was a significant lack of communication between the management
and the shop ______.
5. _______
- Although students on the course should be familiar with the basic theories of economics, they are not
expected to have any great _______ of understanding.
- In the company of such well-known figures as the town's mayor and a presenter from the local radio
station, Paula felt out of her _______ and so remained quiet.
- When planting asparagus, it is necessary to dig a trench of sufficient _______ to ensure that the roots
will be entirely covered.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 5: Complete the following passage by filling each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700
onwards. The last 50 years have seen a yet more rapid increase in the (1) _______ of population growth due
to medical advances and substantial increases in agricultural productivity, particularly beginning in the
1960s, made by the Green Revolution. In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected that the
world's population will likely surpass 10 billion in 2055. In the future, world population has been expected
to (2) _______ a peak of growth, from there it will decline due to economic reasons, health concerns, land
(3) _______ and environmental hazards. According to one report, it is very likely that the world's
population will stop growing before the end of the 21st century. Further, there is some likelihood that
population will actually decline before 2100. Population has already declined in the last decade or two in
Eastern Europe, the Baltics and in the Commonwealth of Independent States.
The population (4) _______ of less-developed regions of the world in recent years has been marked
by gradually declining birth rates following an earlier sharp reduction in death rates. This transition from
high birth and death rates to (5) _______ birth and death rates is often referred to as the demographic
transition.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
III. READING (5.0 points)
Part 1: Read the passage below and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the passage.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
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Less than a third of advertising executives believe their campaigns help to sell products, a survey has
revealed. Instead they are (1) _______ by self-doubt and insecurity and dream of (2) _______ it all up for
another career. In spite of their “whiz-kid” (3) _______, the survey of 600 advertising employees from 50
agencies found the industry weary from overwork. Forty percent of women said sex (4) _______ was rife
and 73 percent described advertising as a “terrible career” for working mothers, because of its
unpredictability and 12-hour days. Although spending on advertising by major companies has increased,
only 28 percent of advertising employees were prepared to say that they (5) _______ believed the campaigns
were (6) _______. Dominic Mills, editor of the industry’s trade magazine campaign, which conducted the
survey, was shocked by the results. “It is (7) _______ to think that so many people in advertising believe
their (8) _______ are falling (9) _______ of the mark but this is (10) _______ what people privately think.”
she said. Between 1990 and 1992, a fifth of people in the advertising industry lost their jobs. Asked what job
they would most like to do instead, the survivors said they would become barristers, writers, actors or artists.
1. A. pursued B. pestered C. plagued D. persecuted
2. A. taking B. giving C. making D. putting
3. A. image B. view C. appearance D. aspect
4. A. persecution B. domination C. oppression D. discrimination
5. A. genuinely B. authentically C. surely D. certainly
6. A. sufficient B. effective C. capable D. proficient
7. A. shattering B. smashing C. striking D. staggering
8. A. efforts B. attempts C. tries D. endeavours
9. A. off B. outside C. beyond D. short
10. A. truly B. clearly C. rightly D. deeply
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
Welcome to the new world of aging; a world in which liberals used to unending economic growth,
and greens focused on zero population growth, will find themselves uncomfortable. Instead of
overpopulation it will be under population that will be the world’s biggest problem, first in the West, and
then most likely the rest of the world. Only nations with high immigration that can make the switch from a
youth economy to an old person’s economy will survive. This will mean among the biggest changes in
human history - pensions, growth economies, 9-5 work, male domination - all must end if we are to
successfully navigate the agequake ahead.
Writes Paul Wallace, author of Agequake, historically “We have been remarkably young. Our
average age has been around 20 or less. But in the current generation’s lifetime, the average age of the world
will nearly double from 22 in 1975 to 38 in 2050, according to the UN projections. Under another
projection, it could reach over 40 as early as 2040.”
Not only is the population pyramid about to flip but populations in Europe may plunge on a scale not
seen since the Black Death in 1348. But this is not just a Western trend; indeed, because of the speed of the
demographic slowdown in the developing world, it means that "they will age much more quickly than the
West," says Wallace. In twenty years’ time, China will be one of the most rapidly aging societies.
The worker-retiree ratio
While many of these changes will be positive - longer life (by mid-century there will be over two
million centenarians compared with 150,000 today), healthier life styles, less childhood deaths, and falling
numbers of young people (which means falling crime rates) - others are not so positive. Who will pay for the
retirement benefits of the elderly? Over the next thirty years the ratio of workers to pensioners in
industrialised nations will fall from the current 3 to 1 to 1.5 to 1. How will societies stay rejuvenated with
new ideas?
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Would we have had a personal computer revolution if youngsters like Steve Jobs were not there to
challenge authority and create new products? And what will happen when those purchasing stocks in the
1980’s and 1990’s begin to sell them 20 years later to pay for their retirement? There will be no age-cohort
to purchase them as the baby boomers currently have. Will we enter a long term bear market and thus
possibly a long term economic depression? But what is the cause of the aging of society?
Two factors. First, we are living longer and second, birth rates are falling. "In the late 1990’s fertility
rates were already at or below replacement level - 2.1 children per woman - in 61 countries with almost half
the world’s population," writes Wallace. Even nations like India and Indonesia are likely to fall below this
level.
Iceberg ahead
The population pyramid is reversing, especially in rich nations. Populations, like super tankers, take
forever to turn around; but when they do the changes are dramatic. Europeans have not noticed the
population decline because of immigration, high fertility in the past and declines in mortality, but in reality
birth rates are plunging. Pete Peterson in his book, Grey Dawn, describes global aging as an iceberg. While
it is easy to see above the waterline, it is far more difficult to prepare for, "the wrenching costs ... that
promise to bankrupt even the greatest powers ... making today’s crisis look like child’s play."
One solution for the West is immigration. Already California is set to become a majority minority
state. The USA will become the second largest Spanish speaking nation in 2020. But there are danger signs
as generally older Californians will be Caucasian and rich, while younger one’s will be Hispanic and poorer.
The question is not will California secede but which California will secede?
A second solution is increasing productivity, working smarter. While the convergence of computing
and telecommunications have not shown immediate gains, it is early days yet. The problem of fewer young
people working will not be a problem since they will be able to produce more wealth.
Projecting the future age structure of a population can be done with a great deal of certainty (barring
asteroids, pandemics, etc.). Demographics can also predict changes in behavior since one is more likely to
migrate in one’s 20s, more likely to vote conservative in one’s 50s (when one has property to conserve, and
when one is concerned more with crime and order and less with freedom and social justice).
To survive the agequake, our basic structures of work, leisure, and family structures will have to
change. The old pattern of student, work, retirement, death will have to transform. More flexible patterns
will have to be set up to combine work, play, and the rearing of children. In fact, the entire (endless growth)
capitalist system must transform; nothing less can adequately resolve the tensions ahead.
We have historically lived in a world where the average population was young. This is about to
reverse itself. The entire industrial and post- industrial system has been built on certain demographic
assumptions of when we work, when we reproduce, when we retire; this is all changing, and we are not
prepared.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes (1-13) provided.
1. How will liberals feel in the future?
2. What is one factor associated with a fall in worker to pensioner ratio?
3. Why have Europeans not been aware of a fall in population?
4. What is one way of solving the problem of a reverse population pyramid?
5. What are you likely to do in your 50’s?
Do the following statements agree with the claims given in the reading passage? Write:
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

6. Maintaining a youth economy is the only way for old people to survive.
7. For a long time people only lived until they were 20 years old.
8. The fertility rate in India is expected to fall below 2.1 children per woman.
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9. Population levels have not been falling in Europe because of factors like immigration.
10. People will have to study more in the future due to greater competition for the best jobs.
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-G, below.
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 24-27 on your answer sheet.

A. Caucasian B. minority C. poorer D. poorer E. Hispanic F. richer G.

majority
By 2020 the (11) _______ population in California will not be as rich as the (12) _______ population but
it will be in the (13) _______.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13.

Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each of the questions.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans.
As master craftworkers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. In
addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied
by merchant capitalists.After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with
machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and
the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before
the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the
family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for
providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they
perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans
did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more
leisurely time.
The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done
by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity. The new
methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time. Factory life necessitated a more
regimented schedule, where work began at the sound of a bell and workers kept machines going at a
constant pace. At the same time, workers were required to discard old habits, for industrialism demanded a
worker who was alert, dependable, and self-disciplined. Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and,
since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a
fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory
clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly
about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell—just as though we are so many living machines.” With
the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in
which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers
from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could
achieve the artisan’s dream of setting up one’s own business. Even well-paid workers sensed their decline in
status.
In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and
traditional ways of life. Craftworkers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834
individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gathered some
momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength
collapsed. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike or engage in collective action. And skilled
craftworkers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled
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factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday
shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850’s, and the courts also recognized workers’ right to
strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.
Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided
by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences,
political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not
agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives.
As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to
appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of
workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans.
[A]As master craftworkers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen.
[B]In addition, women often worked in their homes parttime, making finished articles from raw material
supplied by merchant capitalists. [C]After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to
factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. [D]Cheap transportation networks, the
rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.

1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about articles manufactured before 1815?
A. They were primarily produced by women.
B. They were generally produced in shops rather than in homes.
C. They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of production.
D. They were produced mostly in large cities with extensive transportation networks.
2. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in
the passage? “Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for
teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their
moral behavior.”
Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.
B. The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.
C. Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger
family members.
D. Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.
3. The word “disrupted” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. prolonged B. established C. followed D. upset
4. In paragraph 4, the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in order to _______.
A. support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories
B. to show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise made by factory machinery
C. argue that clocks did not have a useful function in factories
D. emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints
5. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as consequences of the new system for workers
EXCEPT a loss of _______.
A. freedom
B. status in the community
C. opportunities for advancement
D. contact among workers who were not managers
6. The phrase “gathered some momentum” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. made progress B. became active
C. caused changes D. combined forces
7. Which of the following statements about the labor movement of the 1800’s is supported by paragraph
5?
A. It was successful during times of economic crisis.
B. Its primary purpose was to benefit unskilled laborers
C. It was slow to improve conditions for workers.
D. It helped workers of all skill levels form a strong bond with each other
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8. The author identifies “political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics” as two of several factors
that _______.
A. encouraged workers to demand higher wages
B. created divisions among workers
C. caused work to become more specialized
D. increased workers’ resentment of the industrial system
9. The word “them” in paragraph 6 refers to _______.
A. workers B. political party loyalties
C. disagreements over tactics D. agents of opportunity
10. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C] or [D] best indicates where in the paragraph the
sentence “This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations
and a centralized source of laborers.”Can be inserted?
Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. [A] As
master craftworkers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. [B] In
addition, women often worked in their homes part time, making finished articles from raw material supplied
by merchant capitalists. [C] After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with
machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. [D] Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities,
and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4: You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Seven paragraphs have been
removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A – H the one which fits each gap (1 – 7).
There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
Social media is the air that celebrities breathe. No other platform can keep them so relevant in the
cut-throat business of fame. But beyond satisfying their need to connect with the public, social media is also
helping to fill bank accounts. To maintain their fabulous lifestyles, celebrities can turn to social media where
the world of Instagram and influencer marketing awaits. And what a lucrative world it is.
1. ________
So what do we know about specific rates for social media posts? Mid-level reality TV stars can earn
anywhere from $1,000 to $20,000 for a brand sponsored Instagram post. This can go as high as $50,000 for
a TV sitcom star. That's a lot of money, but relatively low compared to the current crop of It-girl models
who can command up to $300,000 for a single Instagram post, or an A-list actor who can receive up to
$500,000.
2. ________
Although celebrity endorsements have been around for as long as advertising itself, their foray into
social media is new territory. Traditional print and TV advertising is replete with famous faces pushing
products we doubt they use or consume, but there is an understanding that we accept the falsehood because
we know the game, we know they've been paid. The pseudo-ads posted as selfies on Instagram or Twitter,
however, usually contain no clear indication that money has changed hands, despite the fact that, in many
cases, it's legally required to do so.
3. ________
Beginning enthusiastically with 'OMG', the original post was liked online by hundreds of thousands
of followers. There was no doubt that she had actually used the medication, as it had been prescribed by her
doctor. But had she included the mandatory information, it would have given the very distinct, and true,
impression that it was a promotion. Ever mindful of her public image, she was aware this may not go down
well with her followers. For her sins, she was forced to remove her gushing reviews from Instagram, Twitter
and Facebook, and repost with a huge risk disclaimer.
4 ________
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Celebrities love social media because it helps them to build some semblance of authenticity and
social intimacy with fans. First they create an image of openness and honesty with their online followers and
then they exploit it in their sponsored posts. One star, for example, recently confided that her 'secret' to
staying trim was a certain weight loss tea. A photo of her looking slim and healthy, holding a cup of the
miraculous fat-melting infusion was there for all to see. No mention was made of frequent, gruelling
sessions with a well-paid personal trainer. A clearly sponsored post - though honest – would have
dismantled her credibility.
5. ________
As advertising professionals will tell you, that is exactly the goal of any ad - to sell an idea or a
desirable lifestyle, and it doesn't even have to be true or attainable. The personality vouching for the product
isn't even required to actually use it. All that needs to happen is for consumers to want some glamour and
coolness to rub off on them. That is how advertising works. But this sneaky new form of celebrity
endorsement, with its camouflaged product promotions requires consumers to completely suspend belief in
order to place their trust in someone with an agenda.
6. ________
As such, the language has to be just right, peppered with the kinds of casual terms friends use with
each other. Celebrities 'swear by' a new skincare product, are 'in love with' a new coconut water, 'can't live
without' a new protein shake. The more cynical among us might question the true author of these snappy
captions – is it the paid influencer or has the brand's marketing department come up with the text and
tailored it to the target audience? Because the audience is what it's all about. Keeping it is important, but first
it has to be found.
7. ________
So far, it's been a very successful strategy, and as long as a supply of famous faces are willing to
accept cash for comments, the use of social media as a unique advertising tool won't be going away any time
soon.

Missing paragraphs
A. For that kind of money, celebrities are happy to plug a product hard. Juice cleanses, meal replacement
regimes weight loss teas, waist shapers, teeth whitening kits - they comprise a range of categories that
are perfectly suited to the highly narcissistic nature of the medium that is social media, requiring
nothing more than a love of selfies and a complete lack of shame. The questionable efficacy of the
products is no deterrent to the blatant money-grab.
B. Advertising is powerful and its manipulation runs deep when consumers are gullible to such marketing
ploys. The endorsements - casually slipped in between a candid photo with a beloved pet and a
carefree snap with a close friend, for example - make unwitting followers feel that this product is
simply a part of the celebrity's daily life, and that they should make it a part of theirs too. They want it,
and at that point, they're hooked.
C. Advertisers have a major responsibility to inform celebrities, bloggers and anyone else they're paying
to push a product that appropriate disclosures need to be made. Advertising should be identifiable as
advertising so that consumers know when they're hearing a marketing pitch versus an independent
viewpoint.
D. Disclosure with regards to medication is one of these instances. An American celebrity got into hot
water with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for promoting a medication without providing
information about possible side effects. The FDA, which is responsible for protecting public health
through the regulation and supervision of a range of products including dietary supplements,
prescription and over-the-counter medications, took a very dim view of this.
E. The beauty of influencer marketing for brands is that they don't have to build their target audience
from scratch - something which is costly and time-consuming as it involves extensive market research.
Social media influencers already have a devoted fan following, so half the job has already been done.
 12

Once the influencer has been chosen, it is just a matter of getting the followers to support the brand,
talk about it themselves to others, and buy the products.
F. Make no mistake - they are raking it in. Even those who are no longer as famous as they once were
can be offered tantalizing amounts by companies to promote products on the main personal social
media platforms - Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. The uber-famous with the largest followings are
making money hand over fist, and the amounts are staggering.
G. But what makes people susceptible to such influence? When asked, consumers said they trusted
celebrities over brands. The problem with branded marketing content is that it is biased; influencer
marketing, on the other hand, does not come across as an overt marketing attempt. Instead, it looks
like a recommendation from a trusted friend.
H. Besides failing to list the downsides of the product, the celebrity fell foul of the law by not being
explicit about the fact that she was paid to make the post. There are rules about this sort of thing, too.
Celebrities receiving payment to promote a product on their platforms are required to tag the post #ad
or #sponsored - something to indicate that a monetary transaction has taken place in return for their
endorsement. So what's preventing them from adding those few letters?
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Part 5: You are going to read four different opinions from leading scientists about the future of fuel.
For questions 1-10, choose from the writers A-D. The writers may be chosen more than once. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

A. Howard Bloom, Author

Even though most people are convinced that peak oil has already passed, to me, peak oil is just a
hypothesis. There is a theory that carbon molecules can be found in interstellar gas clouds, comets and in
space ice, and if this is the case, our planet could ooze oil for ever. And even if we stay earthbound, those
who say we have raped the planet of all its resources are wrong. There's a huge stock of raw materials we
haven't yet learned to use. There are bacteria two miles beneath our feet which can turn solid granite into
food. If bacteria can do it, surely we creatures with brains can do it better. As far as the near future of energy
is concerned, I believe the most promising alternative fuels are biofuels, such as ethanol. It's an alcohol
made from waste products such as the bark of trees, woodchips, and other 'waste materials'. And that's not
the only waste that can create energy. My friend in the biomass industry is perfecting an energy-generation
plant which can run on human waste. We produce that in vast quantities, and it's already gathered in
centralised locations.
B. Michael Lardelli, Lecturer in Genetics at The University of Adelaide
Nothing exists on this planet without energy. It enables flowers and people to grow and we need it to
mine minerals, extract oil or cut wood and then to process these into finished goods. So the most
fundamental definition of money is as a mechanism to allow the exchange and allocation of different forms
of energy. Recently, people have been using more energy than ever before. Until 2005 it was possible to
expand our energy use to meet this demand. However, since 2005 oil supply has been in decline, and at the
same time, and as a direct result of this, the world's economy has been unable to expand, leading to global
recession. With the world's energy and the profitability of energy production in decline at the same time, the
net energy available to support activities other than energy procurement will decrease. We could increase
energy production by diverting a large proportion of our remaining oil energy into building nuclear power
stations and investing in renewable forms of energy. However, this is very unlikely to happen in democratic
nations, because it would require huge, voluntary reductions in living standards. Consequently, the world
economy will continue to contract as oil production declines. With energy in decline, it will be impossible
for everyone in the world to become wealthier. One person's increased wealth can only come at the expense
of another person's worsened poverty.
C. Jeroen van der Veer, chief executive of Royal Dutch Shell
 13

People are understandably worried about a future of growing energy shortages, rising prices and
international conflict for supplies. These fears are not without foundation. With continued economic growth,
the world's energy needs could increase by 50% in the next 25 years. However, I do not believe that the
world is running out of energy. Fossil fuels will be able to meet growing demand for a long time in the
future. Taking unconventional resources into account, we are not even close to peak oil. The priority for oil
companies is to improve efficiency, by increasing the amount of oil recovered from reservoirs. At present,
just over a third is recovered. We can also improve the technology to control reservoir processes and
improve oil flow. However, these projects are costly, complex and technically demanding, and they depend
on experienced people, so it is essential to encourage young people to take up a technical career in the
energy industry. Meanwhile, alternative forms of energy need to be made economically viable. International
energy companies have the capability, the experience and the commercial drive to work towards solving the
energy problem so they will play a key role. But it is not as simple as merely making scientific advances and
developing new tools; the challenge is to deliver the technology to people worldwide. Companies will need
to share knowledge and use their ideas effectively.

D. Craig Severance, blogger

What will it take to end our oil addiction? It's time we moved on to something else. Not only are
world oil supplies running out, but what oil is still left is proving very dirty to obtain. The Deepwater
Horizon oil spill occurred precisely because the easy-to-obtain oil is already tapped. If we don't kick oil
now, we will see more disasters as oil companies move to the Arctic offshore and clear more forests. The
cheap petroleum is gone; from now on, we will pay steadily more and more for our oil - not just in dollars,
but in the biological systems that sustain life on this planet. The only solution is to get on with what we will
have to do anyway - end our dependence on it! There are many instances in which oil need not be used at
all. Heat and electricity can be produced in a multitude of other ways, such as solar power or natural gas.
The biggest challenge is the oil that is used in transportation. That doesn't mean the transportation of goods
worldwide, it's the day-to-day moving around of people. It means we have to change what we drive. The
good news is that it's possible. There are a wide range of fuel efficient cars on offer, and the number of all-
electric plug-in cars is set to increase. For long distance travel and freight, the solution to this is to look to
rail. An electrified railway would not be reliant upon oil, but could be powered by solar, geothermal, hydro,
and wind sources. There is a long way to go, but actions we take now to kick our oil addiction can help us
adapt to a world of shrinking oil supplies.

Which writer:
1. believes that from now on, less oil is available.
2. believes there are ways to obtain energy that we have not yet discovered.
3. believes that people need to be attracted to working in the energy industry.
4. sees a great potential in natural fuels.
5. believes that future oil recovery will lead to more environmental disasters.
6. believes the fuel crisis will cause the poor to become poorer.
7. believes that better technology can help to maintain oil production levels.
8. believes there may be sources of oil outside our planet.
9. thinks that oil companies are responsible for developing other types of energy.
10. recognises that inventions that can help to prevent an energy crisis are already available.

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

IV. WRITING (5.0 points)

Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it in the space provided.
Your summary should be about 120 words long.
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Man is forever changing the face of nature. He has been doing so since he first appeared on the earth.
Yet, all that man has done is not always to the ultimate advantage of the earth or himself. Man has, in fact,
destroyed more than necessary. In his struggle to live and extract the most out of life, man has destroyed
many species of wildlife; directly by sheer physical destruction, and indirectly by the destruction and
alteration of habitats. Some species may be able to withstand disruptions to their habitat while others may
not be able to cope.
Take the simple act of farming. When a farmer tills a rough ground, he makes it unsuitable for the
survival of certain species. Every change in land use brings about a change in the types of plants and animals
found on that land. When man builds a new town, this means the total destruction of vast areas of farmland
or woodland. Here, you have the complete destruction of entire habitats and it is inevitable. It follows,
therefore, that every form of human activity unavoidably upsets or changes the wildlife complex of the area.
Man has destroyed many forms of wildlife for no reasonable purpose. They have also made many great
blunders in land use, habitat destruction and the extermination of many forms of wildlife.
Man’s attitude towards animals depends on the degree to which his own survival is affected. He sets
aside protection for animals that he hunts for sport and wages a war on any other creature that may pose a
danger or inconvenience on him. This creates many problems and man has made irreversible, serious errors
in his destruction of predators. He has destroyed animals and birds which are useful to farmers as pest
controllers. The tragedy that emerges is that all the killing of predators did not in any way increase the
number of game birds.
Broadly speaking, man wages war against the creatures which he considers harmful, even when his
warfare makes little or no difference to the numbers of those he encourages. There is a delicate predator and
prey equilibrium involving also the vegetation of any area, which man can upset by thoughtless intervention.
Therefore, there is a need for the implementation of checks and balances. The continued existence of these
animals depends entirely on man and his attitude towards his own future.
Your summary:
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Part 2: The pie graphs show greenhouse gas emissions worldwide in 2002 and the forecast for 2030.
The column chart shows carbon dioxide emissions around the world. Summarise the information by
selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
* OECD: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

2002 2030

OECD
38%
43% Transition economies
48%
52% Developing countries

10%
9%

Other sectors

Waste combustion

Transportation 2030

2002
Consumer

Industry

Billion tons
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

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Part 3: Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic
Some people believe that a certain amount of academic stress is necessary for students to be well-prepared
for work-life stress. Some others believe that children should be happy at school without suffering from
any stress and strain.
To what extent do you agree with the statement? Present and support your argument with sufficient
evidences.
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THE END