International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, ICIMCE 2019

E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Design And Fabrication Of Groundnut Shelling Machine

1
Tulsidas Gaonkar, 2Atish Gawas, 3Pratish Nagvekar, 4Andrich Fernandes, 5Romero Fernandes, 6Prabhudev Mallapur,
7
Mahalingesh B
1,2,3,4,5
Student, 6,7Assistant Professor
1
Department of mechanical Engineering,
1
Agnel Institute of Technology & Design, Mapusa, India

Abstract: Groundnut is having a higher importance in this world as an oilseed crop. Seeds contains the rich amount of edible oil
(42-55%) and Protein (26-29%) for us and Fodder for the animals. Our country is facing the problems in the production of
groundnuts. Less no. of processing machines for use is the major drawback. In market we could find a no. of groundnut shelling
machine with larger sizes, higher cost and mostly for non-domestic applications. The machines are best suited for mass
production. Therefore, it is necessary to design and fabricate the groundnut shelling machine. All the forces, factors and
engineering principles are taken into consideration while designing the different part of the machine. The particular design of this
project improves the separating efficiency and minimizes the errors. It contains hopper, crushing chamber, separation chamber,
blower unit, motor, frame, pulley, belt, bearings and nut & bolts. The machine is easy to maintain and operate.
Index Terms: groundnut, crushing chamber, separation chamber, blower unit, quick return mechanism.

1. INTRODUCTION The groundnut seeds are enclosed with in the pods, which
India is an agricultural country which has 70-72% of the are usually produced underground, the harvesting of the
population as a farmers. The farmer‟s works day and night groundnuts is done by pulling the plants with the help of
for cultivating their crops. Mostly tradition equipment‟s and machine or manually by hands. The harvested groundnuts
methods are used in farming. Because of these traditional are stripped off from the plants, dried in the sunlight, stored
equipment and methods the earning of farmers is reduced. in the container and then processed. Shelling of groundnuts
The farmers cultivate different types of crops as per the is an important step in the groundnut processing. Shelling is
seasonal conditions, in which groundnuts is one among done by hand or by machines.
them. The scientific name of groundnut is Arachis hypogeal.
It comes under the family of Fabaceae. Dry climate is the 1.1 Manual Shelling Method
favourable condition for cultivating this crop. This crop is In rural areas still the traditional cracking methods are used
being cultivated around 7600 years ago. It was found in to break the hard groundnut pods. Depending upon the
Peru because of its climatic conditions. The height of the quantity of groundnut produced the cracking methods may
plant is around 30cm to 50cm. The shell, cotyledon, seed change from one locality to other locality. In traditional
coat, radicle and plumule are the main parts of the methods on the flat ground the groundnut pods are beaten,
groundnut. some people put them into the cover and beat with sticks to
Groundnuts is the rich source of energy and proteins. They shell the groundnut. Majority of the people press the
are used in food purposes such as peanut oil, peanut butter, groundnuts in between the thumb & the first finger to
peanut flour, boiled nuts, roasted peanut etc. They are separate the kernel from the groundnuts. The hand shelling
having various industrial applications in lubrication oil, technique helps in maintaining the low breakage rate of the
leather dressing, paints, vanish and emulsion for insect kernels. But the method is labour intensive, energy
control and furniture polish. Groundnuts are used for requirement is high and it leads to “sore thumb syndrome”
producing the oils and for cooking oil purposes. When the when large quantities of groundnuts are shelled. These
oil is extracted from the groundnuts, the obtained waste (i.e. methods are slow and tiresome. Hand shelling output of
oilcakes) is given to the animals. Oilcakes serve as high shelled groundnuts per-man is as low as 1-2.5kg seeds/hr.
protein livestock feed for animals.

Fig 1: Manual shelling method Fig 2: Mechanized shelling method

1.2 Mechanized Shelling Method machine is 400 to 3300 kg/hr. But these machines are
The large machines are used for groundnut shelling in costlier to purchase for the farmers.
mechanization. In industries the machines are used when the In this project, a small machine is designed and developed
mass production is necessary. The shelling capacity of the to shell or crushed the groundnuts so that farmers can
reduce their labour cost and processing time and get high

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, ICIMCE 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

profit in return by selling the shelled nuts. The aim of the fabricate their machine. The rear sprocket is placed on the
designed machine is to separate the nuts from the bicycle shaft, which is rotated with the help of a chain drive.
groundnut pods. This equipment is eco-friendly and also The groundnuts are inserted through the hopper in the screw
have less maintenance cost. conveyor. The distance between the flights and the casing of
The hopper is used to store and guide the groundnuts. Then the conveyor is enough to crushed the groundnuts. At the
beater is used to remove the shelled or crushed groundnuts end of the outlet the mixture of groundnuts and crushed
by shearing action. Arc welding is used to weld the beater, shells are obtained.
from mild steel material. Fan is used to separate the mixture
of shells and nuts. Then the nuts are collected through the The groundnut shelling machine was designed and
bin hopper valve and the shells are blown away by the fan. fabricated by Ashish S. Raghtate et.al. The groundnuts are
The L angle is used as a frame in the project. The beater and dispense with the help of hopper. Then groundnuts get
fan is rotated with the help of 1 hp electric motor. crushed when they are in contact with roller shaft and semi-
circular net. The groundnuts are crushed with the help of
2. LITERATURE REVIEW shearing action between the rotating roller and a stationary
Santosh Mangave and Bhagyesh Deshmukh fabricated a semi-circular net. The crushed groundnuts are separated
groundnut Shelling machine which is easily movable. The with the help of the centrifugal fan or blower running at
parts of the machine are hopper, axle, main disc, front disc, higher speeds. Because of the higher weights, the nuts fall
handle etc. Thin metal sheet is used for hopper & wood is down and get collected in the tray. Whereas the shells are
used for main disc and front disc. The axle is manufactured blown away due to their light weight. 7% to 10% of the
from the steel. Axle of the machine may be horizontal, unshelled groundnuts also get collected in the tray.
vertical or inclined. From the hopper the groundnut falls in
the crushing area i.e. between the front disc and the main
disc. As we rotate the handle of the machine by hand, the Shubham Deshmukh et.al designed and fabricated the
front disc is rotated and the groundnuts get shelled and they machine with the output shelling rate of 400kg/hr. It has
falls down from the disc. The machine shells the dry 95.25% of shelling efficiency and 91.67% of separating
groundnut and machine can be used for domestic efficiency. Motor, main pulley, input shaft, output shaft,
application. fork, base plate, flywheel, almond couplings are the
The groundnut separator machine was developed by Ashok. component of the machines. The materials used for the
S. Andhale et.al. The machine works with the help of the machine is cheap and easily available. The weight of the
robotic arm. Plucking up the groundnut crop from the field machine is also low and it consist of the hopper, crushing
and placing it in the blades of rotor is the main function of chamber, separation chamber and the blower unit.
the robotic arm. The components of the machine are motor,
chassis, battery, spur gear, arm, gripper, rotating brush, 3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
rotating drum, worm gear. Spur and the worm gears will be 3.1 Problem Definition
attached on the gripper. The rotation of the motor in the (1) Traditional methods are time consuming, tiresome, high
clockwise and the anticlockwise direction, opens and closes cost of labour and have low productivity.
the gripper moments. Power is supplied through the battery (2) Nuts & husk are not separated after crushing (shelling
for the switches which works as a controller. Commands operation) in similar type of the machines.
from the mechanical switches are used to operate the arm (3) Machines are of low capacity, less efficient, non-
and the gripper. Through the robotic arm the groundnut portable and costly to farmers.
crops are plucked and the roots containg the groundnuts is (4) Less efficient beater design and its material, increases
placed on the rotating spike drum. The contact between the the mechanical damage to the groundnuts.
groundnut and the spikes will separate the groundnuts from
the crop and is stored at the bottom of casing. 3.2 Objectives
The pedal operated groundnut crusher was designed and (1) To minimize the manpower, time and human effort to
fabricated by Kulbhushan M. Shejole et.al. In the machine shell or crushed the ground nuts.
the groundnuts are separated manually. The groundnut (2) To simplify the process and improve the shelling
decorticator machine works on quick return mechanism. efficiency by changing the beater design.
Through the pedalling action the groundnuts get crushed. (3) The cost of a machine should be affordable to the
The pendulum is attached to the shaft. The rubber pad is farmers.
placed on the pendulum in order to decrease the mechanical (4) Machine with less occupied space, less weight and
damage of the groundnuts. With the help of the rubber pad should easily moveable.
the groundnuts get crushed. A greater output rate is obtained
if we continuously operates the machine. Output rates 3.3 Scope
obtained by pedal operated groundnut decorticator (49 (1) Generally only dry groundnuts are shelled in the
kg/hour) which is higher than hand operated decorticator. machine. The lesser the content of moisture, the more is the
The maintenance cost, production cost and energy shelling efficiency.
consumption was less in these machine. (2) Groundnut with a single seed in a pod and small two
The pedalling action is used to rotate the screw conveyor seeds in the pods are usually partially shelled or unshelled in
placed on the shaft through the sprockets of bicycle. This the machine.
idea was used by Pratima G. Mungase et.al designed and (3)The machine runs on electrical energy, it can be operated

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, ICIMCE 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

through solar energy. devices can be installed to control the regular flow rate of
(4) In the bottom part of the hopper, automatic flow control the groundnuts.

4. METHODOLOGY
4.1 Concept Design

Fig 3: Detailed View of Groundnut Shelling Machine

Table 1: Part Description of Groundnut Shelling Machine
Parts No. Parts Description / Make
1 Hopper Temporary storage unit, used to maintain the flow rate of substances
2 Beater Rotates at 305 rpm to shell the groundnuts in crushing chamber
3 Sieve Placed below beater to shell the groundnuts, hole size of 11.2*11.2mm & thickness of 5mm
4 Shaft Steel shaft rotates the beater at 305 rpm & fan at 2400 rpm
5 Motor Power of 1 hp & 1440 rpm, convert electrical energy to mechanical energy
6 Pulley placed on the shaft to support movement & transfers power between the shaft & the belt
7 Fan Rotates at 2400 rpm to separate the shells from the nuts in separating chamber
8 Bearing Supports the rotating shaft at its end
9 Belt V belt of cross section „A‟, nominal top width of 13mm & nominal thickness of 8 mm
10 L angle Used to make frame, dimensions of L angle are 35*35*6 mm

4.2 CAD Design

Fig 4: Right hand side view of the design Fig 5: Front view of the design

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, ICIMCE 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Fig 6: Isometric view of the design Fig 7: Top view of the design

Table 2: Technical Features of Groundnut Shelling Machine

Recommended range of groundnut diameter 8.5- 13 mm
Hopper capacity 15 kg
Distance between beater and sieve 10 mm
Hole size of the sieve 11.2*11.2 mm
Adjustment of the sieve manually
Speed of the beater, fan & mechanism 305 rpm, 2400 rpm & 485 rpm respectively
Shaft diameter for beater & fan 22mm & 18mm respectively
Pitch diameter of the pulleys for motor, fan, beater & mechanism 100mm, 60mm, 475mm & 300mm respectively
Belt type V belt of cross-section A
Fan drive, beater drive & mechanism drive Using 1 hp motor
Frame from L angle of dimensions 35*35*6 mm
Weight 170 kg approximately
Dimensions ( L*W*H ) 1370*835*1650 mm

4.3 Working productive and high cost of labour. Hence to increase the
The various components used in the machine are: hopper, production rate the groundnut shelling machine is used. The
shaft, beater(roller), sieve, fan, pulley, belt, motor, hinges, dimensions of the machine are 1370*835*1650 mm. The
Plummer block, L angle, nut and bolt. The dry groundnuts machine is manufactured using the engineering principles.
are poured in the hopper. From the hopper the groundnuts The machine is power operated, so less numbers of labour is
slide down into the crushing chamber. Crushing chamber required and it saves the time. The higher separating
consist of rotating beater and the stationary sieve. The efficiency is obtained using these machine. The machine is
critical distance between the beater and sieve is of 10mm. portable because of its light weight. The procedure to
Groundnuts gets shelled when they are in contact of the operate the machine is simple, hence no skill labour is
beater and the sieve. The shelled groundnut mixture falls in required to operate the machine. The machine can be used
the separating chamber, where the nuts and shells get for domestic application as well as small scale industries.
separated by a radial fan rotating at 2400 rpm. Denser nuts, Additional features such as wheels, flow rate sensors can be
falls in that tray while the lighter shells are blown out added to modify the machine. The machine can be operated
through an outlet. The tray is placed below the separating through solar energy.
chamber which oscillates by the quick return mechanism.
The escaped shells from the separating chamber are REFERENCES
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manual shelling methods are time consuming, tiresome, low Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology,

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, ICIMCE 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

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