Intel RST Installation and User Guide

Intel® Rapid Storage Technology
(Intel® RST) Release with Intel®

Optane™ Memory
Installation and User Guide
Includes Latest 17.x Updates
For the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology Release Version 17.x

with Intel® Optane™ Memory Support
Revision 001
July 2020
Document Number: xxxxxx-001

You may not use or facilitate the use of this document in connection with any infringement or other legal analysis concerning
Intel products described herein. You agree to grant Intel a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to any patent claim thereafter
drafted which includes subject matter disclosed herein.
No license (express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise) to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document.
Intel technologies’ features and benefits depend on system configuration and may require enabled hardware, software or service
activation. Performance varies depending on system configuration. No computer system can be absolutely secure. Check with
your system manufacturer or retailer or learn more at intel.com.
Intel technologies may require enabled hardware, specific software, or services activation. Check with your system manufacturer
or retailer.
The products described may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from
published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request.
Intel disclaims all express and implied warranties, including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness
for a particular purpose, and non-infringement, as well as any warranty arising from course of performance, course of dealing, or
usage in trade.
All information provided here is subject to change without notice. Contact your Intel representative to obtain the latest Intel
product specifications and roadmaps.
Copies of documents which have an order number and are referenced in this document may be obtained by calling 1-800-548-
4725 or visit www.intel.com/design/literature.htm.
Intel, Intel Optane, Thunderbolt, and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel® Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
© 2020 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
2 User Guide
Contents
1 Document Overview ......................................................................................... 8
1.1 Purpose and Scope ................................................................................ 8
Intel® Optane™ Memory Support ............................................... 8
Intel® RST Premium Feature Support ......................................... 8
2 Intel® Rapid Storage Technology ....................................................................... 9
2.1 Overview ............................................................................................. 9
RAID Levels ............................................................................. 9
Supported Platforms ............................................................... 11
Supported Operating Systems .................................................. 11
3 Intel® RST Software ...................................................................................... 12

4 Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI ........................................ 13
4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 13
4.2 Getting Started ................................................................................... 13
Understanding the Application .................................................. 13
4.3 Storage System Status ........................................................................ 15
Storage System View .............................................................. 15
4.4 Manage.............................................................................................. 16
4.5 Create Volume .................................................................................... 18
RAID 0 ................................................................................. 18
RAID 1 ................................................................................. 20
RAID 5 ................................................................................. 22
RAID 10 ................................................................................ 24
4.6 Intel® Optane™ Memory ...................................................................... 26
Enabling Intel® Optane™ Memory Volume ................................. 27
Disabling Intel® Optane™ Memory Volume ................................ 31
User Pinning of Files/Folders/Applications................................... 32
Pin Files and Folders ............................................................... 33
Pin Applications ...................................................................... 34
4.7 Performance ....................................................................................... 35
4.8 Settings ............................................................................................. 35
4.9 About ................................................................................................ 36
4.10 Additional Operations in Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI
........................................................................................................ 37
Adding Disk to Array ............................................................... 37
Creating Matrix Array .............................................................. 39
Deleting RAID Volume............................................................. 41
Marking a Disk as Spare .......................................................... 42
Clearing Metadata .................................................................. 44
5 System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™ Memory ............................................. 46
5.1 Limitations ......................................................................................... 46
Hardware limits ...................................................................... 46
Functional Limits .................................................................... 47
5.2 Minimum Requirements ........................................................................ 48
Intel® Optane™ Memory ......................................................... 48
Intel® Optane™ Memory H Series with Solid State Storage ......... 48
User Guide 3
Operating System .................................................................. 49
Intel® Optane™ Memory Ready” Logo: Intel® RST 5MB Metadata
Requirement .......................................................................... 49
5.3 User Pinning of Files/Folders/Applications................................................ 49
Overview .............................................................................. 49
Minimum Requirements ........................................................... 50
Pinning Using Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI
........................................................................................... 50
Pinning Using Intel® Optane™ Memory UI ................................. 53
Pinning Using Intel® RST UI .................................................... 54
User Pinning Using Windows* File Explorer Application................. 56
5.4 Configuring Intel® Optane™ Memory (Post-Factory Build Environment1) ..... 62
Enabling Intel® Optane™ Volume on a Brand-New System .......... 62
System Upgrade (Windows*10 OS Already Installed)................... 72
System Upgrade (Windows* 10 OS Already Installed with BIOS in
AHCI Mode) ........................................................................... 80
5.5 Intel® Optane™ Memory Member Disk Upgrades ..................................... 83
Slow Disk (SATA HDD, SSD, SSHD) Upgrade/Replacement ........... 83
Intel® Optane™ Memory Module Upgrade/Replacement .............. 85
5.6 Managing Intel® Optane™ Memory ........................................................ 87
During the OS Runtime ........................................................... 87
5.7 I/O Error Handling ............................................................................... 89
Host I/O Failures .................................................................... 89
Intel® RST I/O Failures: ......................................................... 90
Missing Media Failures............................................................. 91
S.M.A.R.T. Events .................................................................. 94
Fast Media: Block Cache Errors ................................................ 95
5.8 Intel® Optane™ Memory Member Disk Failures Requiring Replacement of Disk
........................................................................................................ 96
Slow Disk (SATA HDD, SSD, SSHD) Replacement ........................ 96
Intel® Optane™ Memory Module Replacement ........................... 97
6 Creating a RAID Volume ................................................................................. 99

6.1 Minimum Requirements ........................................................................ 99
6.2 Feature Limitations .............................................................................. 99
6.3 Using Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI ..................... 99
6.4 Using Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI .............................................. 99
6.5 Using Intel® RST Legacy Option ROM User Interface ............................... 100
6.6 Using Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UEFI User Interface ..................... 101
7 Deleting a RAID Volume ................................................................................. 106
7.1 Using Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI .................... 106
7.2 Using Intel® RST User Interface Utility .................................................. 106
7.3 Using Option ROM User Interface .......................................................... 106
7.4 Using Intel® RST UEFI User Interface ................................................... 107
8 Common RAID Setup Procedures..................................................................... 108
8.1 Build a SATA RAID 0, 1, 5 or 10 System ................................................ 108
Using Legacy OROM User Interface .......................................... 108
Using UEFI HII User Interface ................................................. 109
8.2 Building a “RAID Ready” System........................................................... 110
8.3 Migrating RAID 0 or RAID 1 on Existing “RAID Ready” System .................. 110
8.4 Migrating Existing Data Hard Drive to a RAID 0 or RAID 1 Volume ............. 111
4 User Guide
8.5 Migrating from One RAID Level to Another ............................................. 112
8.6 Creating RAID Volume on Intel® SATA Controller While Booting to Different
Controller .......................................................................................... 113
9 RAID Volume Data Verification and Repair Feature ............................................. 114
9.1 Verifying and Repairing Volume Feature................................................. 114
9.2 Verifying and Repairing Scheduler......................................................... 114
10 Un-Installation ............................................................................................. 116
10.1 Un-Installing Intel® RST Software (Except RAID Driver) .......................... 116
10.2 Un-Installing Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI (Except
RAID Driver)...................................................................................... 116
10.3 Disabling RAID Driver by Disabling RAID Controller ................................. 117
11 Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI ................................................................ 118
11.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 118
Getting Started ..................................................................... 118
Understanding the Application ................................................. 121
Notification Area ................................................................... 123
11.2 Storage System Status ....................................................................... 124
Understanding the Status ....................................................... 124
Storage System View ............................................................. 125
11.3 Creating a Volume .............................................................................. 127
Volume Requirements ............................................................ 128
Creation Process ................................................................... 129
Creating Additional Volumes ................................................... 133
11.4 Managing the Storage System .............................................................. 135
Managing Arrays ................................................................... 135
Managing Volumes ................................................................ 139
Managing Disks ..................................................................... 153
Managing Ports ..................................................................... 159
Managing ATAPI Devices ........................................................ 159
Managing Solid-State Hybrid Drives (SSHD) .............................. 159
11.5 Preferences ....................................................................................... 160
12 Glossary ...................................................................................................... 162
12.1 Glossary ........................................................................................... 164
13 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................ 170
13.1 Failed Volumes................................................................................... 170
13.2 Degraded Volumes ............................................................................. 173
13.3 Other Volume States........................................................................... 176
13.4 Disk Events ....................................................................................... 181
13.5 Caching Issues ................................................................................... 184
13.6 Software Errors .................................................................................. 188
13.7 UI Error Handling ............................................................................... 189
User Guide 5
Tables
Table 6-1. Disk, Volume, and Array Maximum Limitations .................................... 99
Figures
Figure 5-1. Intel® Optane™ Optimization Process .............................................. 72
6 User Guide
Revision History
Document Revision
Number Description Revision Date
Number
xxxxxx 001 • Initial release July 2020
§§
User Guide 7
Document Overview
1 Document Overview
1.1 Purpose and Scope

This document will assist customers in evaluating, testing, configuring, and enabling
Intel® Optane™ Memory, RAID 0/1/5/10, and AHCI functionality on Intel-based
platforms using the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology (Intel® RST) software for the
chipset components as listed in the product’s Readme.txt file.
This document also describes installation procedures, caching acceleration techniques,

other Intel® RST features, RAID volume management such as creating, deleting, and
modifying volumes, common usage models, and any special notes necessary to enable
customers to develop their Intel® RST-compatible computer systems.
Intel® Optane™ Memory Support

• Minimum requirements
• How to enable
• How to manage
• User pinning
Intel® RST Premium Feature Support

• RAID 0/1/5/10
§§
8 User Guide
2 Intel® Rapid Storage

Technology
Intel® Rapid Storage Technology (Intel® RST) provides added performance and
reliability for supported systems equipped with serial ATA (SATA) hard drives (HDD’s)
and/or solid state drives (SSD’s) and PCIe* AHCI/NVMe* SSD’s to enable an optimal
PC storage solution. It offers value-add features such as RAID and advanced Serial
ATA* capabilities for the Microsoft* Windows* operating systems (for detailed OS
support, review the Release Notes for each software release). Additionally, overall
system responsiveness is boosted by the Intel® Optane™ memory system
acceleration caching feature.
The RAID feature supports RAID level 0 (striping), RAID level 1 (mirroring), RAID level
5 (striping with parity) and RAID level 10 (striping and mirroring). A configuration
supporting two RAID levels can also be achieved by having two volumes in a single
RAID array that use Intel® RST. This configuration is known as a Matrix array. The
RAID capability addresses the demand for high-performance or data-redundant
desktop and mobile platforms.
The product also includes premium Intel® RST features as well as support for other
premium-platform technologies.
2.1 Overview
RAID Levels
RAID 0 (striping) RAID level 0 combines two to six drives so that all data is divided
into manageable blocks called strips. The strips are distributed
across the array members on which the RAID 0 volume resides.
This improves read/write performance, especially for sequential
access, by allowing adjacent data to be accessed from more than
one hard drive simultaneously. However, data stored in a RAID 0
volume is not redundant. Therefore, if one hard drive fails, all
data on the volume is lost.
The RAID 0 volume appears as a single physical hard drive with a

capacity equal to twice the size of the smaller hard drive.
The Intel® SATA AHCI/RAID controllers with Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology allows up to six1 drives to be combined into a single
RAID 0 array, providing additional scaling of storage performance.
1 The number of drives supported in a RAID 0 array is

NOTE:
dependent upon the chipset model. Consult the specification
for your chipset to determine the maximum number of drives
supported in a RAID array.
User Guide 9
RAID 1 (mirroring) RAID level 1 combines two hard drives so that all data is copied
concurrently across the array members that the RAID 1 volume
resides on. In other words, the data is mirrored across the hard
drives of the RAID 1 volume. This creates real-time redundancy
of all data on the first drive, also called a mirror. RAID 1 is
usually used in workstations and servers where data protection is
important.

capacity equal to that of the smaller hard drive.
RAID 5 (striping with RAID level 5 combines three to six drives so that all data is
parity) divided into manageable blocks called strips. RAID 5 also stores
parity, a mathematical method for recreating lost data on a single
drive, which increases fault tolerance. The data and parity are
striped across the array members. The parity is striped in a
rotating sequence across the members.
Because of the parity striping, it is possible to rebuild the data

after replacing a failed hard drive with a new drive. However, the
extra work of calculating the missing data will degrade the write
performance to the volumes. RAID 5 performs better for smaller
I/O functions than larger sequential files.
RAID 5, when enabled with volume write-back cache with

Coalescer, will enhance write performance. This combines multiple
write requests from the host into larger more efficient requests,
resulting in full stripe writes from the cache to the RAID5 volume.
RAID 5 volume provides the capacity of (N-1) x smallest size of
the hard drives, where N >= 3 and <=4.
For example, a 3-drive RAID 5 will provide capacity twice the size
of the smallest drive. The remaining space will be used for parity
information.
RAID 10 (striping and RAID level 10 uses four hard drives to create a combination of
mirroring) RAID levels 0 and 1. The data is striped across a two-disk array
forming a RAID 0 component. Each of the drives in the RAID 0
array is mirrored to form a RAID 1 component. This provides the
performance benefits of RAID 0 and the redundancy of RAID 1.

capacity equal to two drives of the four-drive configuration (the
minimum RAID 10 configuration). The space on the remaining two
drives will be used for mirroring.
NOTE: RAID 10 is currently not supported on Intel® RST PCIe*

Storage member disks.
10 User Guide
2.1.1.1 Typical Usage Model for RAID Levels

RAID 0 RAID0 provides end-users the performance necessary for any disk-
intensive applications; these include video production and editing, image
editing, and gaming applications.
RAID 1 RAID1 provides end-users with data redundancy by mirroring data

between the hard drives.
RAID 5 RAID5 provides end-users with good performance and data redundancy
by striping data and parity across all the hard drives. The write
performance is enhanced with volume write-back cache.
RAID 10 RAID10 provides end-users with the benefits of RAID 0 (performance)

and RAID 1 (data mirroring).
Supported Platforms
Latest Platform support can always be found in the Readme file and Release Notes as
part of the driver package here:
https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/29350/Intel®-Rapid-Storage-Technology-
Intel®-RST-Floppy-Driver-Package?v=t
Supported Operating Systems

Latest OS support can always be found in the Readme file and Release Notes as part
of the driver package here:
https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/29350/Intel®-Rapid-Storage-Technology-
Intel®-RST-Floppy-Driver-Package?v=t
§§
User Guide 11
Intel® RST Software
3 Intel® RST Software

The Intel® RST software is the major component of the Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology Suite. The software includes the Intel® RST AHCI and RAID 64-bit drivers
for supported Windows* operating systems. The driver supports several Intel® Serial
ATA AHCI/RAID controllers and will recognize each unique device ID and sub-class
code. Because of this, the driver must be installed before the Windows* operating
system is installed onto a RAID volume or a single SATA hard drive connected to the
RAID controller. The OS runtime driver, in conjunction with the Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology option ROM or the RST pre-OS UEFI driver, will provide boot capability for
all supported RAID levels. The driver, in conjunction with the Intel® RST UI, provides
RAID volume management (create, delete, migrate, etc.) within the Windows*
operating system. It also displays SATA* device and RAID volume information.
Included with the software package is the RAID monitor service that monitors and
reports various events of the storage subsystem. Other advanced features supported
include System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™ technology.
§§
12 User Guide
Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI
4 Intel® Optane™ Memory and

Storage Management UI
4.1 Introduction
The Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI is a Windows* Store app
that provides users monitoring and management capabilities for the Intel® RST
storage subsystem. It offers a wide range of monitoring and management activities
for the Intel® RST RAID subsystem. It also provides the support for all Intel®
Optane™ Memory features including File, Folder and Application pinning.
NOTES:
1. The minimum resolution supported by Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage
Management UI is 1024x768.
2. For Windows* 10 RS4, Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI
requires to be launch as Administrator manually by right click and select “Run
as Administrator.” This requirement does not apply for Windows* 10 RS5 and
above.
4.2 Getting Started

The Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI software package provides
high-performance RAID capabilities for supported operating systems.
The Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI requires the

Microsoft* .NET Native Framework 2.0 framework, Microsoft* .NET Native Framework
2.0 runtime and the Microsoft* VC Libs beginning with Intel® RST 17.0 HSA release.
Refer to the System Requirements and this online user's manual to set up your
system's configuration and feature support level. You can also review the Readme file
available with each driver release to learn more about the full system requirements
and RAID BIOS configuration.
Understanding the Application

The Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management application allows you to
optimize and maintain a healthy storage system by creating volumes, customizing
performance settings and managing storage system elements. This section provides
you with a general overview of a storage system configuration and an individual
review of all the areas contained in this application.
4.2.1.1 Storage System Configuration

The storage system combines hardware capabilities with RAID technology to provide
flexible data storage units on your computer. Each data storage unit, or RAID
configuration, consists of three elements that include physical SATA disks, one or two
User Guide 13
volumes, and one array. When at least one volume is present on the system, these
elements are represented in the storage system view of the Status and Manage areas.
In this section, we describe each of these RAID configuration elements and explain
how they relate to each other.
• Array:
An array is a collection of two or more SATA disks in a RAID configuration and is the
highest element in the hierarchy of a storage system. Once a volume is created, the
disks you used to create that volume form an array. Refer to the Creating Additional
Volumes topic for details on how you can create two volumes across the same
disks. An array can include one or two RAID volumes if the hardware allows it.
• Volume:
A volume is the storage area on two or more disks whose type dictates the
configuration of the data stored. If you created a volume for data protection, then
your storage system may include a RAID 1 volume spanning two SATA disks, which
mirrors data on each disk.
• Disks:
A disk (i.e., hard disk or hard disk drive) physically stores data and allows
read/write data access. If a disk is used to create a volume, it becomes an array
disk because it has been grouped with other disks to form an array.
The storage system can also include ATAPI devices, which cannot be used to create a
volume. They are a mass storage device with a parallel interface, such as CD-ROM,
DVD/Blu-ray disc, or tape drive.
4.2.1.2 Navigation
The application is organized into five main areas depicted by the top navigation
buttons: Manage, Create Volume, Intel® Optane™ Memory, Performance, Settings
and About.
Manage:
The ‘Manage’ tab has information on all the volume information along with all the
devices attached with the system. We can initialize, verify, or delete a volume from
this menu option. For more details on managing volumes, refer section 4.4.
Create Volume:
The ‘Create Volume’ tab is used to created different RAID volumes. The supported
volumes are RAID0, RAID1, RAID5 and RAID10. For more details on creating volumes,
refer section 4.5.
14 User Guide
Intel® Optane™ Memory:
The ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’ tab allows the user to enable, disable or manage
Intel® Optane™ memory stick attached to the system. It also provides the menu for
pinning files/folders or applications. For more details on creating, deleting or
managing Intel® Optane™ volumes, refer section 4.6.
Performance:
The ‘Performance’ tab provides the meu to disable or enable LPM (Link Power
Management). For more details on performance, refer section 4.7.
Settings:
The ‘Settings’ tab provides a link to enable or disable Optane™ notifications in

Windows* notification settings. For more details, refer section 4.8.
About:
The ‘About’ tab contains the version and developer information. It also provides a link
to support. For more details, refer section 4.9.
4.3 Storage System Status

Anytime Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management is launched, the
application opens to the 'Manage' area. This is where the general state of health of
your storage system is reported, both in the storage system view and in details.
Depending on the status, volume creation and management options may be available
in order to enhance or repair your storage system.
Storage System View

The storage system view provides a visual representation of your storage system and
displays arrays, volumes, devices, and ports. Volumes and SATA disks graphics reflect
their current states, which allows you to quickly identify the element that is causing
the storage system to be in a state other than normal.
Note: Hovering over a designated element in the storage system view provides a snapshot
of its properties. Clicking allows you to access and manage its properties.
User Guide 15
Overview of SATA disks attached:

State Description Recommendation
An internal SATA SSD disk is None
connected
An internal PCIe* SSD (NVMe*) or None

Intel® Optane™ is connected.
A disk has been removed from a RAID Connect the removed disk or add a spare
volume disk to start rebuilding
An empty port None
4.4 Manage
This tab gives a graphical overview of the current status of the storage subsystem of
the computer. It will display only those items that are controlled by the RST driver.
The following are displayed:
• Pass-through SATA and PCIe* disks
• Empty SATA ports
• RAID volumes
• Intel® Optane™ volumes
You can click on each of the objects listed above to display more detail information
and actions associated with each item. Available actions are dependent upon the type
of object and its current usage:
• Rename volume
• Delete volume (with exception of the boot volume)
• Data verification
16 User Guide
Manage Main
View
Manage Detailed
Object View
User Guide 17
4.5 Create Volume

This tab allows for the management of RAID volumes. User has the capability to do
the following
tasks:
• Create volume (depending on RAID level the following actions are available)
 Disk selection
 Selection to reserve data on one disk
 Volume size (select a percentage to create a matrix array; 2 volumes)
 Data strip size
 Enable write back cache on the volume
 Name the volume
RAID 0
1. Select type of volume to be created
Create Volume
Main View –
Select volume
type
18 User Guide
2. Select drives to be included in the volume

Create Volume
Main View –
Select disks
3. Create the volume

Create Volume
Main View –
Create volume
User Guide 19
4. Volume is created and can be seen under manage tab

Create Volume
Main View –
volume created
RAID 1
Create Volume
Main View –
Select volume
type
20 User Guide

Create Volume
Main View –
Select disks

Create Volume
Main View –
Create volume
User Guide 21

Create Volume
Main View –
volume created
RAID 5
Create Volume
Main View –
Select volume
type
22 User Guide

Create Volume
Main View –
Select disks

Create Volume
Main View –
Create volume
User Guide 23

Create Volume
Main View –
volume created
RAID 10
Create Volume
Main View –
Select volume
type
24 User Guide

Create Volume
Main View –
Select disks

Create Volume
Main View –
Create volume
User Guide 25

Create Volume
Main View –
volume created
4.6 Intel® Optane™ Memory

This tab allows for the management of an accelerated Intel® Optane™ memory
volume. There is a graphical view of the Intel® Optane™ memory volume and its
member disks. User can click on either object in the volume and the UI will display
detailed information associated with the object.
Actions available to the user are:

• Enable acceleration
• Disable acceleration
26 User Guide
Enabling Intel® Optane™ Memory Volume

Intel® Optane™
Memory Main
View
Starting with Intel® RST driver version 17.8.0.1034 and UI version 17.8.1001.0 or
later, for the Intel® Optane™ memory H Series (Example: Intel® Optane™ Memory
H10), Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI will present a Mode
selection screen.
Intel® Optane™
Memory Mode
Selection for
Intel® Optane™
Memory H Series
Only
User Guide 27
Intel® Optane™
Memory Enable
Verify View
Intel® Optane™
Memory Restart
after Enable
28 User Guide
Intel® Optane™
Memory Status
View
Intel® Optane™ Memory Module Usage info in Intel® Optane™ Memory tab shall
present 3 categories of items:
Category Metric Tool Tip Text
Auto-managed/system files – This portion is not available for

Auto-managed/
GB (% of total) end user pinning, it is automatically controlled and managed by
System files
the driver
User-Pinned Content – This portion is available for end user

User-pinned
GB (% of total) pinning, it represents content currently pinned by the end user
content
or enabled applications.
Unused Space – This portion is available for end user pinning.

Unused Space GB (% of total) It is auto-managed by the driver and may not represent all
space available for end user pinning.
User Guide 29
Starting with Intel® RST driver version 17.8.0.1034 and UI version 17.8.1001.0 or
later, for Hybrid Intel® Optane™ drive (Example: Intel® Optane™ Memory H10),
Below is the status screen when the end user select “Performance Mode”.
Intel® Optane™
Memory Status
View for Intel®
Optane™ Memory
H Series
(Performance
Mode)
30 User Guide
Disabling Intel® Optane™ Memory Volume

Intel® Optane™
Memory Main
View
Intel® Optane™
Memory Disabling
status View
User Guide 31
Also, under this tab are two subtabs:

Intel® Optane™
Memory Restart
View
User Pinning of Files/Folders/Applications
4.6.3.1 Limitations
The following objects as seen on the Windows* desktop cannot be pinned:
• Quick Access
• This PC
• Any disk’s Root directory (e.g. Local Disk (C:))
• Control Panel
• Libraries folder
• Network objects
• Recycle Bin
4.6.3.2 Minimum Requirements

The minimum requirements to support the User Pinning feature are as follows:
• Intel® Optane™ memory capable motherboard
• Intel® Core™, or Pentium processor
• Intel® 300/240 Series Chipset Family
32 User Guide
• 32GB or larger Intel® Optane™ memory module installed in a PCH HW remapped

port.
• Windows* 10 64bit (RS3 or later) installed
• Intel® RST 16.x PV or later release installed
• System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™ Memory enabled
Pin Files and Folders
Note: Pinning is not available for 16GB memory module SKUs and for data drive acceleration
(DDA). This tab allows the user to select files or folders to pin for acceleration
Intel® Optane™
Memory Pin Files
and Folders View
User Guide 33
Intel® Optane™
Memory Currently
Pinned Files and
Folders View
Pin Applications
This tab allows the user to select applications to pin for acceleration.
Intel® Optane™
Memory Currently
Pinned
Applications View
34 User Guide
4.7 Performance
This tab allows for the enablement/disablement of Link Power Management (LPM) of
SATA devices.
Performance
4.8 Settings
We can use this tab to change notification settings. The link in these settings will open
the Windows* notification center to change Notification settings for Intel® Optane™
Memory Storage and Management UI.
Settings tab –
Notification
Settings and
Automatic rebuild
User Guide 35
Notification
settings in
Windows*
4.9 About
This tab allows you to get version information about the App and contact Intel® help
and support.
About the
Application
36 User Guide
4.10 Additional Operations in Intel® Optane™ Memory

and Storage Management UI
Note: These features apply to all combinations of Intel® RST 17.x and above.
Adding Disk to Array

You can add one or more SATA disks to an existing array to increase the system
storage capacity. This feature can be useful if you want to change to a volume type
that requires additional disks.
This option is only available if:
• A RAID 0 and/or RAID 5 volume is present,
• One or more SATA disks are connected to the computer and available,
• The available disk matches the internal or external connection type of the existing
array disks.
You cannot add an external disk to an array that includes internal disks, and vice
versa.
This action can also be performed from Manage Volume.

1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the array to which
you want to add a disk. The element properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click Add disk.
Select the option

to add disk to a
volume.
User Guide 37
3. Select the disk you want to use to increase the array capacity.
Add disk to the

volume
4. Click Add Disk.
Disk added to the

volume
Caution: Once the data migration starts, the operation cannot be canceled.
5. Once the migration has completed, restart your computer for changes to take
effect. Then use Windows* Disk Management* to increase the partition size on the
volumes for which a disk was added or add another partition.
38 User Guide
Creating Matrix Array

You can create a Matrix array as well. This feature can be useful if you want to have
multiple RAID configurations in a single array.
This action can also be performed from Manage Volume.

you want to add another RAID configuration. The element properties are now
displayed on the left.
2. Click Create additional volume.
Select the option

to ‘Create
additional
volume’ to a RAID
volume.
3. Select the disks you want to type of volume (RAID0 or RAID) to be added to the
existing array and click Create Volume.
User Guide 39
Select the second

RAID
configuration of
the Matrix
Volume. Click
‘Create Volume’
4. Matrix Volume created.
Matrix Volume
created
Caution: Once the data migration starts, the operation cannot be canceled.
40 User Guide
Deleting RAID Volume

RAID volumes can be deleted in two different ways. The method most widely used by
end-users is the Windows* user interface utility. The second method is to use the
Intel® Rapid Storage Technology Option ROM user interface.
1. Run the Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI from the following
Start menu link:
Start -> All Programs -> Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage
Management -> Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI
2. Under ‘Status’ or ‘Manage’ Click on the volume you want to delete. The user will
be presented with the volume properties on the left.
Selected Volume
to be deleted
User Guide 41
3. Click Delete.
Delete the
Volume
4. Review the warning message and click Yes to delete the volume.
5. The ‘Status’ page refreshes and displays the resulting available space in the
storage system view. You can now use it to create a new volume.
Marking a Disk as Spare

This action is only available for non-system disks in a normal state. Also, unless your
mobile computer is equipped with the Intel® 5 Series Chipset or later, which provides
support for up to six SATA ports, you will not be able to mark a disk as a spare. Most
mobile computers are limited to one internal and one external disk, which are used to
create the volume.
Marking a disk as a spare allows you to designate an available SATA disk as the
default destination for automatic volume rebuilds in the event of a failed, missing or at
risk array disk. However, for RAID 0 volumes, automatic rebuilds will only occur if one
of its members is reported at risk.
1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the disk that you
want to mark as a spare. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click Mark as spare.
3. Click OK.
Note: RAID 1, 5, 10, and recovery volumes can use one or more spares.
If your system is running a version of the Intel® RST OROM that does not support
disks that are 2TB or larger, you can reset such a disk to available, but disallow the
marking of it as a spare.
42 User Guide
Selecting the disk

to be marked as
spare
Marking a disk as
spare
User Guide 43
Marking a disk as
available
Clearing Metadata
All the Volumes maintained by Intel® RST driver has a metadata maintained by
Intel® RST driver. This metadata is used by Intel® RST only for managing RAID
Volumes as well as Intel® Optane™ memory volumes. This metadata is written every
time a volume (RAID/ Intel® Optane™) is created and is destroyed by deleting the
volume (or disabling acceleration). If any device is a part of a volume and is moved to
another system, then the drive has metadata but does not have related volume
making it unusable to be used for RAID configuration. In this case the metadata is of
no use and we can reset it such that the drive can be used for another RAID
configuration.
44 User Guide
We get “Clear
Metadata” Option
for disk with
Select “Clear
Metadata” Option
to clear the
Intel® RST
Metadata
§§
User Guide 45
System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™ Memory
5 System Acceleration with

Intel® Optane™ Memory
5.1 Limitations
Hardware limits
5.1.1.1 Intel® Optane™ Memory HW Limits

1. Fast disk (the term “fast disk” refers to the Intel® Optane™ memory module
being used as the cache device)
Attention: the following terms are used interchangeably throughout this

document:
• Fast disk
• Intel® Optane™ memory module
• Intel® Optane™ device
• Only a single HW or SW remapped Intel® Optane™ memory module
2. Slow1 disk (disk to be accelerated must be larger capacity than the fast disk)
only in the following configurations and drive interfaces:
• Boot Drive (System) (Active boot volume):
a. SATA HDD – single pass-through2
b. SATA SSD - single pass-through
c. SSHD3 - single pass-through
d. Intel® brand NVMe* drive4.
• Data Drive (No active boot volume):

a. SATA HDD – single pass-through2
b. SATA SSD - single pass-through
c. SSHD3 - single pass-through
d. Supported Intel® SSD 6 Series with QLC 3D NAND NVMe* drives
3. Intel® Optane™ Memory volume
• Only one Optane™ Memory volume allowed per boot instance. If more than
one volume detected during boot, the second volume detected will be placed
offline and not accessible to the system.
NOTES:
Note1: The slow disk (targeted disk to be accelerated) can be data drives as well
as boot drives with the active boot volume beginning with release version
16.0.2.
Note2: Only single pass-through disks can be accelerated. The acceleration of
RAID volumes or other multiple disk configurations is not supported.
Note3: Self-pinning SSHDs only, SSHDs that use the Hybrid Information Feature
Set are not supported.
46 User Guide
5.1.1.2 Intel® Optane™ Memory H Series HW Limitations

Intel® Optane™ Memory H Series – Contains Intel® Optane™ Memory and Intel®
QLC 3D NAND on the same M.2 Device)
1. Only one Intel® Optane™ Memory volume allowed per boot instance.
2. Only ONE (1) device can be configured as an Intel® Optane™ Memory Volume by
Intel® RST as a boot or data volume.
a. Intel® Optane™ Memory Volume is created from concatenating slow disk
(NAND main storage) and fast disk (Intel® Optane™) of the SAME device.
3. Only ONE device is supported per platform. If more than one device is connected
to M.2 slots in the system:
a. Only the M.2 slot that supports the Intel® Optane™ Memory H Series will
show both disk members of the same device. The devices plugged into other
slots might not be detected or displayed at all in Windows*.
b. The system might not boot in certain platforms.
4. Device must be connected to M.2 port locally connected to PCH (Check with your
user manual for supported ports). Connecting via Thunderbolt™ or PCIe* bridge is
not supported.
5. An Intel® Optane™ Memory H Series Volume cannot be moved (Roaming) to
other platform that do not meet the specific requirements for this series listed in
section 5.2.2.
Functional Limits
5.1.2.1 SATA Controller Mode Switching to AHCI Mode

Once the system is setup with Intel® Optane™ Memory enabled, the user cannot
switch the PCH SATA controller mode from one of the Intel® RST modes to the AHCI
mode. If the mode is switched and the user attempts to boot the system, the Intel®
RST configuration metadata can be corrupted making the system unbootable when
PCH SATA mode is switched backed to the available Intel® RST mode. To avoid this
error condition the following precautions should be taken:
• All users: If you require switching the PCH SATA controller mode to AHCI for some
reason, then before switching, disable Intel® Optane™ Memory prior to switching
the mode. You can re-enable Intel® Optane™ Memory once the controller is
switched back to the supported Intel® Optane™ mode.
5.1.2.2 Disk Defragmentation and Optimization for Intel® Optane™

Volume
The ‘Defragment and Optimization’ feature in Windows* will only available for Intel®
Optane™ Volume if both members (fast drive and slow drive) have trim support.
User Guide 47
5.1.2.3 Intel® Optane™ Memory H Series Roaming Functionality

Limitation
For the H Series family, Intel® Rapid Storage Technology (Intel® RST) creates Intel®
Optane™ Memory Volume by combining QLC NAND and Intel® Optane™ Memory
media on the same single M.2 board. The goal of this pairing is to combine the large
capacity of the QLC NAND and fast random-access performance of the Intel®
Optane™ disk into a single easy-to-use volume exposed to the customer. This volume
is primarily intended to serve as the boot media for the platform. This volume will
only work on with Intel® RST drivers and supported platforms. If the user
attempts to move this drive/volume to non-supported platform (AHCI mode)
or use non- Intel® RST storage drivers to access the disk, the volume and
data will be lost permanently.
5.2 Minimum Requirements
Intel® Optane™ Memory

CPU Intel® 7th Gen later CPU family of platforms
PCH PCH: Intel® 100/C230 Series, 200 Series, C240 Series, or
300 Series family of chipsets
Motherboard Supporting Intel® RST PCH HW remapping technology or a
x2 or x4 PEG port for CPU attached Intel®-branded SSDs or
Intel® Optane™ memory modules
M.2 Connector An M.2 connector is required for the Intel® Optane™ memory
module; it can be down on the motherboard or on a PCIe*
adapter card plugged into a PCH remapped PCIe* x2 or x4
slot or CPU PEG* port.
BIOS UEFI-compliant system BIOS based on BIOS reference code
version 1.5.0 or later.
BIOS Intel® PCH SATA controller mode set to “Intel® RST…”
with remapping enabled on the HSIO lanes connecting the
Intel® Optane™ technology NVMe* memory module.
Intel® RST Pre- Refer to section 2.1.3 for the correct version of Pre-OS and
OS and Windows* Intel® RST version.
Windows*
Driver
Intel® Optane™ Memory H Series with Solid State Storage

Platform Platform (Chipset and Motherboard) that supports software
remapping at M.2 connector. Verify with the system
manufacturer if the platform supports this series
M.2 Connector A single M.2 that supports PCIe* 2x2 configuration and PCIe*
dynamic port reconfiguration from BIOS.
BIOS Support for the Intel® Optane™ Memory H Series (Check the
User Manual or Tech Specs for the system)
48 User Guide
Platform Platform (Chipset and Motherboard) that supports software

remapping at M.2 connector. Verify with the system
manufacturer if the platform supports this series
Pre-OS Intel® RST uEFI driver version 17.0.0.3679 or later must be

integrated into the system BIOS image.
Windows* Intel® RST SW and driver package 17.0.0.1072 or later must
Intel® RST be installed.
driver
Operating System
• Microsoft* Windows* 10 x64 bit Editions (Latest RTM, for example, Redstone X)
• GPT disks only (MBR not supported)
Intel® Optane™ Memory Ready” Logo: Intel® RST 5MB

Metadata Requirement
This notice is for System Manufacturers and System Integrators who will ship “Intel®
Optane™ Memory Ready” systems in the following configurations (or any system that
they wish an end-user to be able to enable Intel® Optane™ Memory):
• Complete systems with the OS already installed AND
• PCH SATA controller mode set to (AHCI) OR (Intel® RST) OR (Intel® RST
Premium) AND
• The system does not have Intel® Optane™ Memory enabled
When all these conditions exist, especially if the manufacturer or integrator partitions
the system drive with a hidden partition as the final partition (the end of the disk) or if
the OS installation places the WinRE partition at the end of the disk, there must be
unallocated space of 5MB reserved or left at the end of the disk (at the max LBA after
the final partition). This space will be required for Intel® RST metadata when
updating those systems at a later date to Intel® Optane™ Memory enabled
accelerated systems.
5.3 User Pinning of Files/Folders/Applications
Overview
User pinning functionality is available in Intel® Optane™ Memory UI, Intel® RST UI,
and Windows* File Explorer. Pinning allows the user to select files, folders, and
applications that they wish to pin for acceleration. All items pinned by the user are
considered to be “hard” pinned which means they can only be removed/unpinned by
the user. The Intel® Optane™ Memory caching policies cannot evict ‘hard pinned’
items
User Guide 49
IMPORTANT NOTES:
• The pinning feature is not available when accelerating data drives (DDA). This
feature is only supported when Intel® Optane™ Memory is accelerating the system
drive (which is GPT partitioned (no MBR)), and the Intel® Optane™ memory
module is 32GB or larger. This also applies to Teton Glacier Intel® Optane™
Memory device.
• The following objects as on Windows* desktop CANNOT be pinned:
 Quick Access
 This PC
 Any disk’s Root directory (Example: Local Disk (C:))
 Control Panel
 Libraries folder
 Network objects
 Recycle Bin
Minimum Requirements
The minimum requirements to support the User Pinning feature are as follows:
• Intel® Optane™ capable motherboard
• Intel® 8th generation core i-processor
• Intel® 300/240 Series Chipset Family (see table 2-3 for supported SKUs)
• 32GB or larger Intel® Optane™ memory module installed in a PCH HW remapped
port.
• Windows* 10 64bit (RS3 or later) installed
• Intel® RST 16.5 PV or later release installed
• System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™ Memory enabled
Pinning Using Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage

Management UI
Pinning Tab: The following instructions assume that the computer supports Intel®
Optane™ Memory and is already properly configured and enabled to support the User
Pinning feature (see the minimum requirements for the pinning feature in the
preceding section).
1. Launch the Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI
2. In the left navigation pane, click Intel® Optane™ Memory tab to expand it.
The page displays information on Intel® Optane™ Memory status and a graphic of the
current Intel® Optane™ Volume configuration.
50 User Guide
Intel® Optane™
Memory Main
Page
Pin Files and Click on the ‘Files’ tab to launch the ‘Currently Pinned Files and
Folders tab: Folders’ page
Currently Pinned
Files and Folders
Page
User Guide 51
How-to pin files: 1. Click [+Files] button; this launches file explorer
2. Browse to the file you wish to pin and do one of the following:
a. double click on the file to pin it
b. click on the file to highlight it, then click the [Open] button
to pin it
3. To pin multiple files in the same folder, click on one file then use
either the <Shift> key to highlight the multiple sequential files
or use the <Ctrl> key to select multiple files
How-to pin 1. Click [+Folder] button; this launches the ‘Browse for Folder’
folders: window.
2. Browse to the folder you wish to pin and click to highlight it
NOTE: Only the files directly in the folder will be pinned.
Subfolders will not be pinned. If there are only subfolders
and no individual files in the folder, then pinning the folder
will only pin an empty folder.
3. Click [Select Folder] to pin the folder
How-to Unpin
files/folders: 1. While in the ‘Currently Pinned Files and Folders’ window, use the
left click button of the mouse to click through the file structure
until you find the file/folder that you wish to unpin. Click on the
file/folder to highlight it (for multiple files use the <Shift> or
<Ctrl> key to highlight the files/folders)
2. Click the [Unpin] button to unpin the file/folder
Applications Click on the ‘Applications’ tab to launch the ‘Currently Pinned
Sub-Tab: Applications’ page
Currently Pinned
Applications Page
52 User Guide
How-to pin 1. Click [+Application] button; this launches the Windows* file
applications: Explorer window.
2. Browse to the application that you wish to pin and do one of the
following:
a. double click on the file to pin it
b. click on the file to highlight it, then click the [Open]
button to pin it
How-to Unpin 1. While in the ‘Currently Pinned Applications’ window, use the left
applications: click button of the mouse to highlight the application you wish to
unpin
2. Click the [Unpin] button to unpin the application
Pinning Using Intel® Optane™ Memory UI

Pinning Tab: 1. Launch the Intel® Optane™ Memory UI
2. Click on the ‘Pinning’ tab in the left navigation pane. This will bring up
the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory Pinning’ page of the UI.
The page displays information on pinning and unpinning of files/folders and
applications. Also, there is a graphical display of the current usage of the
Optane™ memory module in terms of the capacity of files/content that is in
the module and any un-used space remaining in the module.
Intel® Optane™ Memory UI Pinning Main Page
Files Sub- Click on the ‘Files’ tab to launch the ‘Currently Pinned Files and Folders’
Tab: page
User Guide 53
How-to pin 1. Click [+Document] button; this launches file explorer

files: 2. Browse to the file you wish to pin and do one of the following:
a. Double click on the file to pin it
b. Click on the file to highlight it, then click the [Open] button to pin it
3. To pin multiple files in the same folder, click on one file then use either
the <Shift> key to highlight the multiple sequential files or use the
<Ctrl> key to select multiple files
How-to pin 1. Click [+Folder] button; this launches the ‘Browse for Folder’ window.
folders: 2. Browse to the folder you wish to pin and click to highlight it
Note: Only the files directly in the folder will be pinned. Subfolders will not
be pinned. If there are only subfolders and no individual files in the folder,
then pinning the folder will only pin an empty folder.
3. Click [OK] to pin the folder
How-to 1. While in the ‘Currently Pinned Files and Folders’ window, use the left
Unpin click button of the mouse to click through the file structure until you
files/folders: find the file/folder that you wish to unpin. Click on the file/folder to
highlight it (for multiple files/folders use the <Shift> or <Ctrl> key to
highlight the files/folders)
Applications Click on the ‘Applications’ tab to launch the ‘Currently Pinned Applications’
Sub-Tab page
How-to pin 1. Click [+Application] button; this launches the Windows* file Explorer
applications: window.
2. Browse to the application that you wish to pin and do one of the
following:
b. Click on the file to highlight it, then click the [Open] button to pin it
How-to 1. While in the ‘Currently Pinned Applications’ window, use the left click
Unpin button of the mouse to highlight the application you wish to unpin
applications: 2. Click the [Unpin] button to unpin the application
Pinning Using Intel® RST UI

Pinning Tab: 1. Launch the Intel® RST UI.
2. Click on the Intel® Optane™ Memory tab at the top of the
application. This will bring up the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’
main page of the UI.
The left pane of this page displays information on pinning and

unpinning of files/folders and applications.
54 User Guide
Intel® RST UI Pinning Main Page
Files Display Scroll down to the display box that displays Files (it also
Box: displays Folders)
How-to pin 1. Directly underneath the display box locate and click +File
files: link; this launches file explorer
2. Browse to the file you wish to pin and do one of the
following:
b. Click on the file to highlight it, then click the [Open]
button to pin it
3. To pin multiple files in the same folder, click on one file
then use either the <Shift> key to highlight the multiple
sequential files or use the <Ctrl> key to select multiple files
How-to pin 4. Click the +Folder link; this launches the ‘Browse for Folder’
folders: window.
5. Browse to the folder you wish to pin and click to highlight it
Note: Only the files directly in the folder will be pinned.
Subfolders will not be pinned. If there are only subfolders and
no individual files in the folder, then pinning the folder will only
pin an empty folder.
6. Click [OK] to pin the folder
User Guide 55
How-to Unpin 1. While in the Files’ display box, use the left click button of
files/folders: the mouse to click through the file structure until you find
the file/folder that you wish to unpin. Click on the
file/folder to highlight it (multiple files/folders cannot be
selected)
Applications Scroll down to the ‘Applications’ display box

Display Box:
How-to pin 1. Directly underneath the display box, locate and click the
applications: +Application link; this launches the Windows* file Explorer
window.
2. Browse to the application that you wish to pin and do one
of the following:
b. Click on the file to highlight it, then click the [Open]
button to pin it
How-to Unpin 1. While in the ‘Applications’ display box, use the left click
applications: button of the mouse to highlight the application you wish
to unpin
2. Click the [Unpin] button to unpin the application
User Pinning Using Windows* File Explorer Application

Pinning Files 1. Launch the Windows* File Explorer
(non- 2. Navigate to the file that you wish to pin to Intel® Optane™
application): memory
3. Use the mouse to right click on the file that you wish to pin
to Intel® Optane™ memory
4. In the pop-up menu, left click the ‘Pin to Intel® Optane™
Memory’ option to pin the file. The file will be hard pinned:
a. To pin multiple files in the same folder, left click on one
file then use either the <Shift> key to highlight the
multiple sequential files or use the <Ctrl> key to select
multiple files that are not listed sequentially
b. Now use the mouse to right click on one of the
highlighted files
c. In the pop-up menu, left click the ‘Pin to Intel®
Optane™ Memory’ option to pin the files
File Types:
All file types highlighted will be pinned, including
applications.
Pinning Types:
All files pinned will be hard pinned, except application
executables which will be soft pinned.
56 User Guide
File Pinned via Windows* Explorer (RC)
Multiple Files Pinned via Windows* Explorer (RC)
Unpinning 1. Launch Windows* File Explorer

Files: 2. Navigate to the file that you wish to unpin from Intel®
Optane™ memory
3. Use the mouse to right click on the file that you wish to unpin
4. In the pop-up menu, left click the ‘Unpin from Intel®
Optane™ Memory’ option to unpin the file
User Guide 57
File Unpinned via Windows* Explorer(Right Click)
Pinning 1. Launch Windows* File Explorer

Folders: 2. Navigate to the folder that you wish to pin to Intel® Optane™
memory
3. Use the mouse to right click on the folder that you wish to pin
to Intel® Optane™ memory
Memory’ option to pin the folder
Note: Only the files directly in the folder will be pinned.

Subfolders will not be pinned. If there are only subfolders and no
individual files in the folder, then pinning the folder will only pin
an empty folder. In the example below, only the files in the red
box will be pinned
5. To pin multiple folders in the same folder, click on one folder
then use either the <Shift> key to highlight the multiple
sequential folders or use the <Ctrl> key to select multiple
folders
File Types:
All file types directly in the folder will be pinned, including
applications.
Pinning Types:
All files pinned will be hard pinned, including application.
58 User Guide
Folder Pinned via Windows* Explorer(Right Click)
Multiple Folders Pinned via Windows* Explorer
Unpinning 1. Launch Windows* File Explorer

folders: 2. Navigate to the folder that you wish to unpin from Intel®
Optane™ memory
3. Use the mouse to right click on the folder that you wish to
unpin to Intel® Optane™ memory
5. To unpin multiple folders in the same folder, click on one
folder then use either the <Shift> key to highlight the
multiple sequential folders or use the <Ctrl> key to select
multiple folders
User Guide 59
Folder Unpinned via Explorer(Right Click)
Pinning 1. Launch the Windows* File Explorer

Applications: 2. Navigate to the application that you wish to pin to Intel®
Optane™ memory
3. Use the mouse to right click on the application executable
file that you wish to pin to Intel® Optane™ memory
Memory’ option to pin the application. The application will
be soft pinned:
a. To pin multiple applications in the same folder, left click
on one application then use either the <Shift> key to
highlight the multiple sequential apps or use the <Ctrl>
key to select multiple apps that are not listed
sequentially
b. Now use the mouse to right click on one of the
highlighted apps
c. In the pop-up menu, left click the ‘Pin to Intel®
Optane™ Memory’ option to pin the apps
File Types:
All applications highlighted will be pinned.
Pinning Types:
All applications pinned will be soft pinned.
60 User Guide
App Pinned via Windows* Explorer (Right Click)
Multiple Apps Pinned via Explorer (Right Click)
How-to Unpin 1. Launch Windows* File Explorer

applications: 2. Navigate to the folder that you wish to unpin from Intel®
Optane™ memory
3. Use the mouse to right click on the folder that you wish to
unpin to Intel® Optane™ memory
5. To unpin multiple folders in the same folder, click on one
folder then use either the <Shift> key to highlight the
multiple sequential folders or use the <Ctrl> key to select
multiple folders
User Guide 61
App Unpinned via Windows* Explorer (Right Click)
5.4 Configuring Intel® Optane™ Memory (Post-

Factory Build Environment1)
This section documents how to enable System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™
Memory on systems that are not shipped with the feature enabled. It focuses on
systems being installed/configured by end-users/system integrators/others outside of
the factory environment.
Note: 1 For configuring Intel® Optane™ Memory in the factory, review the next chapter.
Warning: In all Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling scenarios, all data that is on the fast
disk prior to enabling will be deleted during the Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling
process.
Enabling Intel® Optane™ Volume on a Brand-New System
5.4.1.1 BIOS
There are no pre-OS configuration tools for Intel® Optane™ available to the end-user.
5.4.1.2 OS Runtime
This section instructs how to enable the System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™
memory after the installation of the OS. Users who want to have a completely
automated Intel® Optane™ Memory configuration process after the OS installation are
recommended to use this method.
62 User Guide
Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI/Installer (All

User Levels)
This configuration method can be used by experienced and inexperienced users.

Users who want to have a completely automated Intel® Optane™ Memory
configuration process after the OS installation are recommended to use this method.
It automates all of the BIOS configuration tasks involved in setting up the entire
system to support System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™ Memory.
System prep: Boot Drive Acceleration (requires 2 drives):
• Ensure that you have installed:

A. A SATA HDD/SSD/SSHD (the slow media to
install OS)
B. An Intel® Optane™ NVMe* SSD or memory
module (fast media to be the cache) in a PCH
remappable port or a CPU PEG* port
Data Drive Acceleration (requires 3 drives):

A. A drive to install the OS to (no specific
requirement)
B. A SATA HDD/SSD/SSHD (the slow media data
drive); must be larger than the fast media drive
C. A PCIe* Intel® Optane™ NVMe* SSD or memory
remapable port or a CPU PEG* port.
BIOS Setup: Enter the BIOS and configure the following:
1. Locate the menu to configure the SATA PCH

controller
2. Set the SATA mode to one of the non-AHCI
modes:
a. Intel® RST with System Acceleration
with Intel® Optane™ Memory…, or
b. Intel® RST Premium with System
Acceleration with Intel® Optane™
Memory…
3. Locate the setting for enabling/disabling
remapping for the PCIe* port where the fast
media drive is located
4. Set the port to remapped enabled (controlled by
Intel® RST)
User Guide 63
OS installation: Obtain your copy of the supported Windows* 10

installation media and install the OS using the default
installation or any customizations desired.
Verify OS detects 1. Complete the OS installation and boot to the

Intel® Optane™ Windows* desktop.
module: 2. Launch Windows* Device Manager
3. Expand ‘Disk drives’ and confirm that all drives are
detected:
A. Intel® Optane™ model disk (fast media)
B. HDD/SSD (slow media)
C. If accelerating a data drive, then there
should be a 3rd drive for the OS
4. Exit Device Manager.
Intel® Optane™ The following steps in this process will automatically

volume creation: accomplish all or some of the following tasks depending
on the state of your system:
• Install the required SW needed for Intel®

Optane™ Memory
• Select the proper mode for the PCH SATA
controller
• Enable remapping required for the Optane™
PCIe* NVMe* device to be detected by Intel®
RST
• Installs the Intel® Optane™ Memory UI
• And finally, with user input, enables System
Acceleration with Intel® Optane™ Memory
If any of the above steps are already in the required

state, the installer will automatically skip those steps
that are not required and complete the installation
and configuration process
Note: In Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage

Management UI, for all Intel® Optane™
Memory enabling scenarios, all data that is on
the fast disk prior to enabling should be deleted
before the Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling
process otherwise the App would not allow the
Optane™ memory to be used. The Intel®
Optane™ memory disk should not be initialized
64 User Guide
(does not have a valid partition table) or have

Intel® RST Metadata.
1. Obtain the Intel® Optane™ Memory Storage

Management from Windows* store or follow the
steps given in Section Intel® Optane™ Memory and
Storage Management UI/Installer (All User Levels)
2. To complete the Intel® Optane™ enabling process
(to combine the Intel® Optane™ memory device and
the OS system drive into a single accelerated Intel®
Optane™ volume), go to the ‘Intel® Optane™
Memory’ page,
a. Select an Intel® Optane™ drive from the
“Compatible drive” drop down box (if
only a single Intel® Optane™ module is
present in the system then skip this step,
there will be no drop down box)
b. If multiple compatible drives are in the
system select the drive to be
accelerated:
i. For OS drive acceleration select
the disk labeled “SYSTEM”
ii. For data drive acceleration select
any disk not labeled “SYSTEM”
c. Click the [Enable Intel® Optane™
Memory] button
d. Click [Enable]
3. Once any necessary file migration completes, reboot
to Windows* to complete the configuration process.
4. For Intel® Optane™ Memory module that support file
caching (32GB and greater), a native application will
be run at the boot up to move the Windows* OS
pagefile. Refer to section 5.4.1.3 for more
information. DO NOT interrupt this process.
Verify the system is From Windows* desktop, launch the Windows* Device
Intel® Optane™ Manager
Memory accelerated:
1. Go to ‘Disk Drives’ and click to expand.
• You should see a single drive labeled “Intel®
Optane+slow media” (e.g. “Intel®
Optane+1.0TBHDD”)
• If you are accelerating a data drive then you
will see the OS drive listed as well
2. Go to Disk Manager.
User Guide 65
• The Intel® Optane™ memory module should

not be listed. It will be combined with either
the OS drive or a data drive.
3. Another method is to launch the Intel® Optane™
Memory and Storage Management UI and see the
‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’ page.
These three items confirm that the Intel® Optane™
NVMe* SSD/memory module and the large capacity
HDD/SSD have been combined to form the
accelerated Intel® Optane™ volume.
Intel® Optane™ Memory UI/Installer (All User Levels)
This configuration method can be used by experienced and inexperienced users.

Users who want to have a completely automated Intel® Optane™ Memory
configuration process after the OS installation are recommended to use this method.
It automates all the BIOS configuration tasks involved in setting up the entire system
to support System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™ Memory.
System prep: Boot Drive Acceleration (requires 2 drives):

A. A SATA HDD/SSD/SSHD (the slow media to
install OS)
B. An Intel® Optane™ NVMe* SSD or memory
remappable port or a CPU PEG port
Data Drive Acceleration (requires 3 drives):

A. A drive to install the OS to (no specific
requirement)
B. A SATA HDD/SSD/SSHD (the slow media
data drive); must be larger than the fast
media drive
C. A PCIe* Intel® Optane™ NVMe* SSD or
memory module (fast media to be the cache)
in a PCH remappable port or a CPU PEG port.
BIOS Setup: Enter the BIOS and configure the following:
1. Locate the menu to configure the SATA PCH

controller
2. Set the SATA mode to one of the non-AHCI
modes:
66 User Guide
a. Intel® RST with System Acceleration with

Intel® Optane™ Memory…, or
b. Intel® RST Premium with System
Acceleration with Intel® Optane™
Memory…
3. Locate the setting for enabling/disabling
remapping for the PCIe* port where the fast
media drive is located
4. Set the port to remapped enabled (controlled by
Intel® RST)
OS installation: Obtain your copy of the supported Windows* 10

installation media and install the OS using the default
installation or any customizations desired.
1. Complete the OS installation and boot to the

Verify OS detects Windows* desktop.
Intel® Optane™ 2. Launch Windows* Device Manager.
module: 3. Expand ‘Disk drives’ and confirm that all drives
are detected:
A. Intel® Optane™ model disk (fast media)
C. If accelerating a data drive, then there should
be a 3rd drive for the OS
2. Exit Device Manager.


Optane™ Memory
• Select the proper mode for the PCH SATA
controller
• Enable remapping required for the Intel®
Optane™ PCIe* NVMe* device to be detected by
Intel® RST
• And finally, with user input, enables System
If any of the above steps are already in the required

User Guide 67

and configuration process.
WARNING: In all Intel® Optane™ Memory

enabling scenarios, all data that is on the fast
disk prior to enabling will be deleted during the
Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling process
1. Obtain the Intel® Optane™ Memory SW/driver

installation package and run the executable
(SetupOptaneMemory.exe)
2. Install the defaults
3. When this part of the installation process
completes the installer will prompt you to
‘Restart’, click [Finish] to restart the system:
a. During this reboot the system will
accomplish any required system
configuration tasks (BIOS settings) and
may reboot more than once
b. When complete, the system will reboot
back to the Windows* desktop
4. There will be a few seconds delay; the installation
process continues and completes driver
installation
5. A pop-up (“You’re Almost There …”) will prompt
you to continue to enable Intel® Optane™; click
[Next] then [Yes] and the Intel® Optane™ UI will
launch
6. To complete the Intel® Optane™ enabling
process (to combine the Intel® Optane™
memory device and the OS system drive into a
single accelerated Intel® Optane™ volume), go
to the ‘Setup’ page,
a. Select an Intel® Optane™ drive from the
“Compatible drive” drop down box (if
only a single Intel® Optane™ module is
present in the system then skip this step,
there will be no drop down box)
b. If multiple compatible drives are in the
system select the drive to be accelerated:
1. For OS drive acceleration select the
disk labeled “SYSTEM”
2. For data drive acceleration select any
disk not labeled “SYSTEM”
c. Click the [Enable] button
68 User Guide
d. Click the “Erase all data on the Intel®

Optane™ memory module” box to place a
check in the box
e. Click [Continue]
2. Once any necessary file migration completes, click
the [Restart] button to reboot
3. Reboot to Windows* to complete the configuration
process.
information. DO NOT interrupt this process
Memory accelerated:
Optane+slow media” (Example: “Intel®
Optane™ +1.0TBHDD”)
• If you are accelerating a data-drive then you
will see the OS drive listed as well
2. Go to Disk Manager
• The Intel® Optane™ memory module should
not be listed. It will be combined with either
the OS drive or a data drive.
3. Another method is to launch the Intel® Optane™
Memory UI and see the ‘Status’ page.
Intel® RST UI/Installer (Experienced Users)
This section instructs how to enable the System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™
technology as part of the OS installation. Experienced users who want to have full
control of the configuration process are recommended to use this method.
System prep: 1. Ensure the computer HW meets the minimum

requirements for this feature (see the Minimum
Requirements section above). This includes installing
the Intel® Optane™ memory module or Intel®
User Guide 69
Optane™ NVMe* SSD in the proper remapable M.2

connector or PCIe* slot.
2. Confirm that the system BIOS has a supported Intel®
RST pre-OS UEFI driver integrated:
a. Enter your system BIOS and locate the
Intel® Rapid Storage Technology HII UI.
b. At the top of the UI page confirm that the
Intel® RST UEFI Driver version is
15.9.3.xxxx or later.
3. Set SATA PCH I/O controller to proper mode:
a. While still in the BIOS find the page that
allows you to configure the PCH and
SATA mode to “Intel® RST Premium…”
(AHCI mode is not supported)
b. Enable remapping so that Intel® RST can
control the Intel® Optane™ memory
module or Intel® Optane™ NVMe* SSD.
Note: The location of the above functions/settings in

the system BIOS on your computer will vary based on
the manufacturer of your computer system. If you have
trouble locating these settings contact your system
manufacturer. Alternately you can follow the instructions
for all users in the previous section.
OS installation: Obtain your copy of the Windows* 10 installation media

and install the OS using the default installation or any
customizations desired.
Verify that OS 1. Complete the OS installation and boot to the

detects Optane™ Windows* desktop
module: 2. Launch Windows* Device Manager
detected.
a. Intel® Optane™ model disk (fast media)
b. HDD/SSD (slow media)
c. If accelerating a data drive, then there
should be a 3rd drive for the OS
d. Exit Device Manager.
Intel® Optane™ WARNING: In all Intel® Optane™ Memory

volume creation: enabling scenarios, all data that is on the fast
1. Obtain the Intel® RST SW/driver installation package
and run the executable (SetupRST.exe)
70 User Guide
2. Install the defaults and reboot the computer

3. From Windows* desktop, find and launch the Intel®
RST UI application.
4. The application will open to the ‘Status’ page
5. Click the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’ tab
6. Click the “Enable” link to start the enabling process.
7. A pop-up will prompt you to select:
a. From drop down, select the NVMe* fast
media Intel® Optane™ device
b. From drop down, select the SATA disk to
be accelerated (for OS drive acceleration,
select the drive labeled ‘SYSTEM”; for
data drive acceleration select a drive not
labeled “SYSTEM”)
8. Click OK to start the enable process
9. Depending on the size of your Intel® Optane™
module, the following may be seen:
A. Progress indicator: Let progress indicator
complete to 100%
B. Text: Finalizing operation…
10. Click the [Reboot] button to complete the process
11. System reboots into Windows* to complete the
enabling process.
Verify system is From Windows* desktop, launch the Windows* Device

Optane™ Memory Manager
accelerated:
1. Go to ‘Disk Drives’ and click to expand
a. You should see a single drive labeled
“Intel® Optane™+slow media”
(Example: “Intel®
Optane™+1.0TBHDD”)
b. If you are accelerating a data drive you
will see at least one other drive that is
the OS drive.
a. The Intel® Optane™ module should not
be listed.
3. Another method is to launch the Intel® RST UI or
Intel® Optane™ UI, depending on your install, and
see the Status page.
User Guide 71

5.4.1.3 Intel® Optane™ Service Pagefile Boot Optimization

For 32GB and greater Intel® Optane™ Memory module with file caching enabled,
Intel® RST optimizes Windows* boot process by placing page file into Intel®
Optane™ Memory. During the enabling process, the page file may not be accessible
due to exclusive use by Windows* and is not placed into Intel® Optane™ Memory. In
order to move the pagefile to Intel® Optane™ Memory, an optimization is done on
next reboot before the Windows* is loaded. The end user will see a similar screen as
figure 6.1 during the boot process after Intel® Optane™ was initially enabled:
Figure 5-1. Intel® Optane™ Optimization Process
There are two phases to this pagefile boot optimization:

• Phase 1: The space is made in Intel® Optane™ Memory module for Windows*
OS pagefile.
• Phase 2: The pagefile is moved into the destination area in Intel® Optane™
Memory module.
Note: If the end user stops this process, the performance will be impacted and
reduced because the pagefile is not cached in Intel® Optane™ Memory
module.
System Upgrade (Windows*10 OS Already Installed)

This section covers upgrading those systems that have Windows* 10 already install by
installing a new Intel® Optane™ memory module then enabling System Acceleration
with Intel® Optane™ Memory.
Note: Teton Glacer module does not support creation of Intel® Optane™ Memory
Volume with existing system drive or data drive. See Teton Glacier Hardware
72 User Guide
Limitation for more information. For procedure to configure Teton Glacier

module as Intel® Optane™ Data Volume, refer to section 5.4.2.4.
5.4.2.1 Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI/Installer

• Windows* 10* x64 OS installed on SATA HDD/SSD
System starting
• Intel® RST driver installed
configuration:
• System BIOS has Intel® RST pre-OS version
15.5.0.2875 or later integrated
Intel® Optane™ 1. Power down the system and install the Intel®
module installation: Optane™ memory device into an M.2 connector
located either on the motherboard or PCIe* adapter
card plugged into a remappable PCIe* slot or module
connected to CPU PEG* port
2. Reboot system to Windows*.
Verify OS detects Note: Unless the following conditions are met, the
Intel® Optane™ Intel® Optane™ memory module will not be detectable:
module: a. Intel® RST 16.7 or later driver installed
(if not installed then the Intel® Optane™
module will not be detectable yet; skip to
the next section and proceed to install
the 16.7 or later SW package with
driver).
b. The BIOS has the Intel® RST 15.9.3 or
later UEFI preOS driver installed.
c. The PCIe* port with the Intel® Optane™
module is remapped.
1. Boot to the Windows* desktop.
2. Launch Windows* Device Manager.
detected:
A. Intel® Optane™ Memory module/Disk
B. SATA HDD/SSD/SSHD (to be accelerated)
C. Additional disk for OS if accelerating a data
drive

1. Install the required SW needed for Intel®

Optane™
2. If in AHCI mode, switch the PCH SATA controller
to the proper ‘Intel® RST…’ mode
User Guide 73
3. Enable remapping required for the Intel®

Optane™ PCIe* NVMe* device
4. Installs the Intel® Optane™ Memory UI
5. And finally, with user input, enable System
If any of the steps above are already in the required

state the installer will automatically skip those steps

Management UI, for all Intel® Optane™ Memory
disk prior to enabling should be deleted before
the Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling process
otherwise the App would not allow the Intel®
Optane™ memory to be used. The Intel®
6. Obtain the Intel® Optane™ Memory Storage

Management from Windows* store or follow the
steps given in Section Intel® Optane™ Memory and
Storage Management UI/Installer (All User Levels)
(to combine the Intel® Optane™ device and the OS
system drive into a single accelerated Intel®
Optane™ volume), on the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’
page, click the [Enable] button and click the [Yes]
button to proceed.
8. Once any necessary file migration completes, reboot
to Windows* and this completes the configuration
process.
Optane™ Memory Manager
accelerated:
a. You should see a single drive labeled
“Intel® Optane™+slow media”
74 User Guide
(Example: “Intel®
a. If you see the Intel® Optane™ volume
displayed in ‘Disk drives’, then you
should see a single Windows* OS disk.
The Intel® Optane™ module should not
be listed.
3. Another method is to launch the Intel® RST UI,
Intel® Optane™ UI or Intel® Optane™ and Storage
management UI, depending on your install, and see
the Status page.
5.4.2.2 Intel® Optane™ Memory UI/Installer
System starting • Windows* 10 x64 OS installed on SATA

configuration: HDD/SSD
• Intel® RST driver installed
• System BIOS has Intel® RST pre-OS version
15.5.0.2875 or later integrated
module installation: Optane™ memory device into an M.2 connector
located either on the motherboard or PCIe* adapter
card plugged into a remappable PCIe* slot or module
connected to CPU PEG* port.
Verify OS detects Note: Unless the following conditions are met, the
Intel® Optane™ Intel® Optane™ memory module will not be detectable:
module:
• Intel® RST 15.5 or later driver installed (if not
installed then the Intel® Optane™ module will not be
detectable yet; skip to the next section and proceed
to install the 15.5 or later SW package with driver)
• The BIOS has the Intel® RST 15.9.3 or later UEFI
preOS driver installed
• The PCIe* port with the Intel® Optane™ module is
remapped.
User Guide 75
1. Boot to the Windows* desktop.

2. Launch Windows* Device Manager
detected:
A. Intel® Optane™ Memory module/Disk
B. SATA HDD/SSD/SSHD (to be accelerated)
C. Additional disk for OS if accelerating a data
drive


Optane™
• If in AHCI mode, switch the PCH SATA controller
• Enable remapping required for the Intel®
Optane™ PCIe* NVMe* device
• And finally, with user input, enable System

WARNING: In all Intel® Optane™ Memory

1. Obtain the Intel® Optane™ SW/driver installation

package and run the executable
(SetupOptaneMemory.exe).
2. Install the defaults.
3. When this part of the installation process completes
the installer will prompt you to ‘Restart’, click
[Finish] to restart the system:
a. During this reboot the system will
accomplish any required system
configuration tasks (Example: BIOS
settings like switching from AHCI mode)
and may reboot more than once
b. When complete, the system will reboot
back to the Windows* desktop
76 User Guide
4. There will be a few seconds delay; the installation

process continues and completes driver installation
5. A pop-up (“Thank you for installing…”) will prompt
you to continue to enable Intel® Optane™; click
[Yes] and the Intel® Optane™ UI will launch
(to combine the Intel® Optane™ device and the OS
system drive into a single accelerated Intel®
Optane™ volume), on the ‘Setup’ page, click the
[Enable] button and click the [Yes] button to proceed
7. Once any necessary file migration completes, click
the [Restart] button to reboot
8. Reboot to Windows* and this completes the
configuration process.
be run at the boot up to move the Winows OS
Intel® Optane™ Manager.
Memory accelerated:
Optane+slow media” (Example: “Intel®
Optane+1.0TBHDD”)
• If you see the Intel® Optane™ volume
displayed in ‘Disk drives’, then you should see
a single Windows* OS disk. The Intel®
Optane™ module should not be listed.
5.4.2.3 Intel® RST UI/Installer

This method is for upgrading a system that is in one of the Intel® RST Intel®
Optane™ modes and running the Intel® RST driver
User Guide 77
System starting • Windows* 10 OS installed on SATA HDD/SSD.

configuration: • Intel® RST driver installed.
• System BIOS SATA controller set to one of the
Intel® RST Intel® Optane™ modes.
Note: The system must meet minimum requirements

to support System Acceleration with Intel® Optane™
technology. Refer to the ‘Minimum Requirements’
section above
module installation: Optane™ device into an M.2 connector located either
on the motherboard or PCIe* adapter card plugged
into a remappable PCIe* slot or a CPU PEG* port.
2. Enter BIOS and enable remapping on the port where
the Intel® Optane™ device is plugged into
3. Reboot to Windows*.
Verify OS detects the 1. Boot to the Windows* desktop.

Intel® Optane™ 2. Launch Windows* Device Manager
device: 3. Expand ‘Disk drives’ and confirm that newly installed
Intel® Optane™ device is detected as a drive
A. Intel® Optane™ Model Disk (fast media)
Intel® Optane™ WARNING: In all Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling

volume creation: scenarios, all data that is on the fast disk prior to
enabling will be deleted during the Intel®
Optane™ Memory enabling process
1. Obtain the Intel® RST SW/driver installation package

and run the executable (SetupRST.exe)
2. Install the defaults and reboot the computer
3. From Windows* desktop, find and launch the Intel®
RST UI application.
4. The application will open to the ‘Status’ page
5. Click the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’ tab
6. Click the “Enable” link to start the enabling process.
7. A pop-up will prompt you to ‘Select a compatible fast
drive:’ (the Intel® Optane™ NVMe* device)
8. Click [Yes] button to start the enable process
9. Depending on the size of your Intel® Optane™
module, a progress indicator may be displayed; let it
complete to 100%
10. Click the [Reboot] button to complete the process
78 User Guide
11. System reboots into Windows* to complete the

enabling process.
Memory accelerated:
Optane+slow media” (e.g. “Intel®
Optane+1.0TBHDD”)
• If you see the Intel® Optane™ volume
displayed in ‘Disk drives’, then you should see
a single Windows* OS disk. The Intel®
Optane™ module should not be listed.
5.4.2.4 Intel® RST UI/Installer for Teton Glacier as Intel® Optane™

Data Volume
This method is for upgrading a system that meets Teton Glacier minimum system
requirements and already has Windows* 10 installed on a SATA HDD/SSD. In this
configuration, Teton Glacier can only be configured as Intel® Optane™ Data Volume
(DDA).
Sytem starting • Windows* 10* x64 OS installed on SATA HDD/SSD.

configuration • Intel® RST driver and software version 17.0.0.1072 or later installed.
• System BIOS has Intel® RST pre-OS version 17.0.0.3679 or later
integrated.
Module installation • Power down the system and install the TG Intel® Optane™ device
and BIOS into an M.2 slot that supports 2x2 configuration and PCIe* port
configuration reconfiguration from BIOS.
• Refer to section 5.4.1.3 BIOS Setup for BIOS configuration and
checkpoint.
User Guide 79
Enable Intel® • Enable Intel®© OptaneTM Memory and follow the instructions provided
OptaneTM Memory by Intel® RST UI.
Data Volume • IMPORTANT: Make sure that the system is in AC mode before
enabling Intel® Optane™ Volume.
System Upgrade (Windows* 10 OS Already Installed with

BIOS in AHCI Mode)
This section covers upgrading those systems that have Windows* 10 already install by
installing a new Intel® Optane™ memory module then enabling System Acceleration
with Intel® Optane™ Memory.
Note: This upgrade path is only possible via the Intel® Optane™ Memory UI
installer program.
Note: Teton Glacier device can only be configured as Data Drive Volume.
5.4.3.1 Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI/Installer

Refer to Section 5.4.
5.4.3.2 Intel® Optane™ UI/Installer
System starting • Windows* 10 OS installed on SATA HDD/SSD

configuration: • Intel® RST AHCI driver or default inbox AHCI driver
installed
• System BIOS SATA controller in AHCI mode
memory module Optane™ memory module or NVMe* SSD into an M.2
installation: connector located either on the motherboard or a
PCIe* adapter card plugged into a remappable PCIe*
slot or a CPU PEG* port.
Verify OS detects Note: Skip this section if the Intel® RST AHCI driver is
Intel® Optane™ installed.
module:
1. Boot to the Windows* desktop
2. Launch Windows* Device Manager
3. Expand ‘Disk drives’ and confirm that both drives are
detected:
A. Intel® Optane™ memory module/disk
80 User Guide
B. HDD/SSD

volume creation: accomplish some or all of the following tasks depending

Optane™
• Switch the PCH SATA controller from AHCI mode
• Enable remapping required for PCIe* NVMe*
devices
• And finally prompt to enable System Acceleration
with Intel® Optane™ Memory

and configuration process

Management UI, for all Intel® Optane™
Memory enabling scenarios, all data that is on
the fast disk prior to enabling should be deleted
before the Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling
process otherwise the App would not allow the
Intel® Optane™ memory to be used. The Intel®
WARNING: In Intel® Optane™ Memory

enabling scenarios for Intel® RST and In Intel®
Optane™ Memory UI, all data that is on the fast
1. Obtain the Intel® RST and Intel® Optane™

SW/driver installation package and run the
executable (SetupOptaneMemory.exe)
2. Install the defaults
3. When this part of the installation process completes
the Intel® RST installer program will prompt for you
to restart your system to continue the process (click
default [Finish] to restart the computer).
User Guide 81
4. Depending upon the initial configuration of your

system:
A. During this reboot the system will accomplish
any required system configuration (BIOS
settings) and may reboot more than once
B. When all necessary configuration processes
complete, the system will reboot back to the
Windows* desktop
5. The installation continues and a pop-up box will
prompt you to continue to enable Intel® Optane™
volume; click [Yes] to continue
6. Click [Yes] for User Account Control pop-up
7. The Intel® Optane™ Memory UI will launch, click
‘Enable’ then click ‘Yes’ to continue to combine your
OS system drive or a data drive and your Intel®
Optane™ memory module (or SSD) into a single
accelerated Intel® Optane™ volume
8. Once the migration process successfully completes
you will be prompted to reboot to complete the
process; Click ‘Restart’.
9. Your computer will reboot to Windows* completing
the Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling process.
10. For Intel® Optane™ Memory module that support
file caching (32GB and greater), a native application
will be run at the boot up to move the Windows* OS
Optane™ Memory Manager.
accelerated:
• You should see a drive labeled “Intel®
Optane™+slow media” (Example: “Intel®
• The Intel® Optane™ module should not be
listed.

82 User Guide

5.5 Intel® Optane™ Memory Member Disk Upgrades

This section covers upgrading an Optane-enabled system with a new system disk or a
new Intel® Optane™ memory module. This section does not apply to Teton Glacier
Memory device.
Slow Disk (SATA HDD, SSD, SSHD) Upgrade/Replacement
Disable Intel® Before replacing any component of your Intel® Optane™

Optane™: Memory storage solution, you must always disable
Intel® Optane™ Memory to ensure all data has been
migrated from the Intel® Optane™ module and synched
with the slow disk.
NOTE: You should backup any important data prior to

starting this process!
Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Mangement UI

installed:
1. From Windows* Start Menu, launch the Intel®

Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI.
2. Click on the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’ tab.
3. Click Disable to start the disabling process.
4. Confirm the action.
5. Once the UI has completed all tasks for disabling
Intel® Optane™ and any necessary file migration
has completed (progress indicator reaches 100%).
6. Restart the Windows* manually using the restart
button from Start Menu to reboot the system and
complete the disablement process.
Intel® Optane™ Memory UI installed:

1. From Windows* desktop, launch the Intel® Optane™
Memory UI.
2. Click on the ‘Setup’ tab.
has completed (progress indicator reaches 100%),
the [Restart] button will be displayed.
User Guide 83
6. Click the [Restart] button to reboot the system and

Intel® RST UI installed:
1. From Windows* desktop, launch the Intel® RST UI.

2. Click the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’ tab at the top.
the [Reboot] button will be displayed.
6. Click the [Reboot] button to reboot the system and
Reinstall your OS or WARNING: In all Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling

copy over your scenarios, all data that is on the fast disk prior to
current to the new enabling will be deleted during the Intel® Optane™
slow disk Memory enabling process
At this point you can reinstall the operating system and

rebuild your system or you can use whatever process
you wish to use to clone/copy your current system and
apply it to the new slow disk:
Replacing an accelerated OS drive:

1. Install the new slow media (SATA HDD, SSD, or
SSHD)
a. If the slow media is the OS disk, then
continue with step 2.
b. If the slow media is a data drive.
2. Install the Windows* 10 OS or apply clone/copy.
3. Once the OS has been installed or transferred to the
new slow media, re-enable the Intel® Optane™
Memory.
4. Complete any customizations or application installs.
5. Replacing an accelerated data drive.
6. If possible, backup all data from original data drive.
7. Remove the old data drive and insert the new data
drive.
8. Re-enable data drive acceleration with Intel®
Optane™ Memory.
9. Copy all required data to the new data drive.
10. EOT.
84 User Guide
Intel® Optane™ Memory Module Upgrade/Replacement
Disable Intel® 1. From Windows* desktop, launch the Intel® Optane™

Optane™ Memory: Memory UI.
• Or launch the Intel® RST UI.
• Or launch Intel® Optane™ Memory and
Storage Management UI.
2. Click the ‘Setup’ tab at the left
• Or for the Intel® RST UI, click the Intel®
Optane™ Memory tab at the top.
• Or the Intel® Optane™ Memory and
Storage Management UI, click the ‘Intel®
Optane™ Memory’ tab.
Intel® Optane™ and any necessary file migration has
completed (after the progress indicator reaches
100%), the [Restart] or [Reboot] button will be
displayed.
• For Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage
Management UI, you must restart manually.
6. Click the [Restart] or [Reboot] button to reboot the
system and complete the disablement process.
Replace the Intel® 1. Power down the computer.

Optane™ memory 2. Open the computer and locate the old Intel®
module: Optane™ memory module that you wish to replace.
(Note: consult your computer manufacturer for the
location of the slot for the Intel® Optane™ memory
module and instructions to remove and insert an M.2
module)
3. Remove the old module and insert the new module.
4. Close the computer and power it on and boot into the
Windows* OS.
User Guide 85
Re-enable Intel® WARNING: In all Intel® Optane™ Memory enabling

Optane™ Memory: scenarios, all data that is on the fast disk prior to
enabling will be deleted during the Intel® Optane™
Memory enabling process.

Memory UI.
• Or launch the Intel® RST UI.
• Or launch Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage
Management UI.
Optane™ Memory tab at the top.
• Or the Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage
Management UI, click the Intel® Optane™
Memory tab.
3. Click Enable to start the enabling process
4. Select the fast media to use for enabling and continue
5. Once the UI has completed all tasks for enabling
displayed
Management UI, you must restart manually.
system and complete the enablement process.
86 User Guide
5.6 Managing Intel® Optane™ Memory

This section describes the management functions available in the various user
interfaces that are available to the end-user.
During the OS Runtime
5.6.1.1 Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI

This section describes management capabilities of the Intel® Optane™ Memory and
Storage Management UI.
Enabling/Disabling Intel® Optane™ Memory Acceleration
Intel® Optane™ 1. From Windows* desktop, launch the Intel® Optane™

Memory and Storage Memory and Storage Management UI.
Management UI Tab: 2. Click on the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’ tab.
3. Click Enable to start the enabling process.
Enable Intel®
4. Select the fast media to use for enabling and continue.
Optane™
configuration:
completed, reboot the system manually and complete
the enablement process.
Intel® Optane™ 1. From Windows* desktop, launch the Intel® Optane™

Memory and Storage Memory and Storage Management UI.
Management UI: 2. Click on the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory tab.
Disable Intel®
Optane™
configuration:
completed (progress indicator reaches 100%), reboot
the system manually and complete the disablement
process.
About Tab: There are no user actions available other than to view the
following information:
A. The version number of the Intel® Optane™ UI

B. A link to Intel® support website
C. And some application licensing information
5.6.1.2 Intel® Optane™ Memory UI

This section describes management capabilities of the Intel® Optane™ Memory UI.
User Guide 87
Enabling/Disabling Intel® Optane™ Memory Acceleration

Setup Tab: Memory UI.
Enable Intel®
3. Click Enable to start the enabling process.
Optane™
4. Select the fast media to use for enabling and continue.
configuration:
5. Once the UI has completed all tasks for enabling Intel®
Optane™ and any necessary file migration has
completed, the [Restart] button will be displayed.
complete the enablement process.
Setup: Memory UI.
Disable Intel®
Optane™
configuration:
5. Once the UI has completed all tasks for disabling Intel®
Optane™ and any necessary file migration has
completed (progress indicator reaches 100%), the
[Restart] button will be displayed.
Statistics Tab: Note: This feature only supports Intel® Optane™ devices
that have a capacity of 32GB or more.
There are no user interactions available other than to view

the status of “Intel® Optane™ Memory Optimization
Schedule”. The indicators are:
D. Last Optimization
E. Next Scheduled Optimization
About Tab: There are no user actions available other than to view the
following information:
A. The version number of the Intel® Optane™ UI

B. A link to Intel® support website
C. And some application licensing information
5.6.1.3 Intel® RST UI

This section describes Intel® Optane™ management capabilities of the Intel® RST UI.
88 User Guide
Enable Intel® 1. From Windows* desktop, launch the Intel® RST UI.
Optane™ 2. Click the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’ tab at the top.
configuration: 3. Click Enable to start the enabling process.
4. Select the fast media to use for enabling and
continue.
has completed, the [Reboot] button will be
displayed.
complete the enablement process.
Disable Intel® 1. From Windows* desktop, launch the Intel® RST UI.
Optane™ 2. Click the ‘Intel® Optane™ Memory’ tab at the top.
configuration: 3. Click Disable to start the disabling process.
the [Reboot] button will be displayed.
5.7 I/O Error Handling
Host I/O Failures
Fast Media- I/O 1. Action taken by the Intel® RST SW:

failure: A. The Intel® RST driver returns the I/O error to
Windows.
2. System Ending State:
A. No change: Intel® Optane™ acceleration
remains enabled.
1. Action taken by the Intel® RST SW:

Slow Media- I/O A. Intel® RST driver returns the I/O error to the
failure: Windows
2. System Ending State:
A. No change: Intel® Optane™ acceleration
remains enabled.
User Guide 89
Intel® RST I/O Failures:
5.7.2.1 During Intel® Optane™ Enabling
READ failure to slow 1. Actiontaken by the Intel® RST SW:

drive: A. Write bad ECC to fast drive
B. Enabling is halted and rollback to disabling
C. Notify user of significant amount of errors and
recommend disabling the Intel® Optane™
Memory
2. System ending state:
A. System Acceleration enabled.
3. Recommended corrective action:
a. Disable Intel® Optane™ Memory
b. Replicate system disk to new drive
c. Replace faulty slow drive with new drive
d. Re-enable Intel® Optane™ Memory
WRITE failure to fast 1. Action taken by the Intel® RST SW:

disk: A. Continue in WT cache mode during Intel®
Optane™ Memory enabling.
B. Enabling is halted and rollback to disabling
C. Display failure in UI.
A. Intel® Optane™ Memory disabled.
A. Power down system
B. Replace faulty fast media with new fast media
C. Enable Intel® Optane™ Memory
90 User Guide
5.7.2.2 During Intel® Optane™ Memory Disabling
WRITE failure to slow 1. Action taken

media: A. Continue disabling Intel® Optane™ Memory
A. Intel® Optane™ Memory successfully disabled
A. Reboot the system normally
B. Let the Intel® RST driver handle any Intel®
RST specific recovery tasks.
READ failure to fast 1. Action taken by the Intel® RST SW:

media: A. Write bad ECC to slow drive for LBAs that
cannot be read from fast drive
B. Continue the Intel® Optane™ Memory volume
disabling
A. Intel® Optane™ Memory disabled
B. System Normal state
A. None
Missing Media Failures
5.7.3.1 Drive Missing at Boot
Fast disk missing: 1. Action taken by the Intel® RST SW:

A. If system boots and the Intel® Optane™
module is not detected by the Intel® RST UEFI
driver, the Intel® RST UEFI driver will protect
the current data on the slow media by disabling
it and not exposing it to the boot manager. This
allows the user the opportunity to locate and
reinsert the missing fast media (or try
additional reboots) to allow the UEFI driver
additional opportunity to detect and pair the
slow media and fast media and return the
Intel® Optane™ volume to a normal state.
A. System is unbootable.
B. Slow media set to ‘Disabled’ state
A. Power down and confirm the location of the
missing Intel® Optane™ memory module.
User Guide 91
1. Reattach if missing
2. If not missing:
a. Check the connector
b. Disconnect the slow media and
boot to BIOS menu
c. Enter the Intel® RST HII UI
d. Confirm that the Intel® Optane™
memory module is displayed (its
Status should be ‘Offline’ in this
scenario)
e. If the Intel® Optane™ memory
module is not present, then exit
the Intel® RST HII UI and enter
your BIOS menu where the SATA
controller remapping function is
located and confirm that the port
location of the Intel® Optane™
memory module has remapping
enabled
f. If remapping not enabled, enable
it. Save the configuration and
power down the computer.
3. Reattach the slow media and power up
the computer
Slow disk missing: 1. Action taken by the SW:

A. If system boots and the slow media device is
not detected by the Intel® RST UEFI driver, the
Intel® RST UEFI driver will protect the current
data on the Intel® Optane™ Memory module by
disabling it and not exposing it to the boot
manager. This allows the user the opportunity
to locate and reinsert the missing slow media
(or try additional reboots) to allow the UEFI
driver additional opportunity to detect and pair
the slow media and fast media and return the
Intel® Optane™ volume to a normal state.
A. System is unbootable.
B. Fast media set to status Disabled
A. Power down and confirm the location of the
missing slow media drive.
1. Reattach if drive is physically missing
2. If not missing:
a. Check the connection
92 User Guide
b. Boot into the BIOS and go to the

Intel® Rapid Storage UI
c. In the UI see if either the slow or
fast disk is listed on the main
page.
d. It appears the slow disk has
experienced an uncorrectable
failure and may need to be
replaced. Refer section 5.8 in this
chapter for instructions to replace
the failed slow disk.
5.7.3.2 Drive Hot Unplugged
Hot unplug fast 1. Action taken

media disk: A. No Intel® RST action taken; System is
expected to experience a Windows* bug check
(blue screen)
A. Windows* blue screen bug check
B. Upon next boot, the Intel® RST driver will
evaluate the storage subsystem
A. Reinsert the fast media back into the remapped
PCIe* slot
B. Reboot the system normally
C. Let the Intel® RST driver handle any Intel®
Hot unplug slow 1. Action taken by the Intel® RST SW:

media disk: A. No Intel® RST action taken; System is
expected to experience a bug check (blue
screen)
A. Blue screen bug check
B. Upon next boot, the Intel® RST driver will
evaluate the storage subsystem
A. Reinsert the slow media to its SATA port
B. Reboot the system normally
C. Let the Intel® RST driver handle any Intel®
User Guide 93
S.M.A.R.T. Events
S.M.A.R.T. event 1. Action taken (once the SMART event count threshold
(event count is reached):
threshold reached) a. The fast media’s block cache (BC) is placed in
on fast media: Write-Through mode (reduced performance)
b. Pop-up message with notification of media errors
with recommendation to disable Intel® Optane™
Memory and correct the problem (Example:
Replace the fast media)
a. Intel® Optane™ Memory remains enabled.
b. Intel® Optane™ Memory placed in reduced
performance mode (WT cache mode)
b. Power down the system
c. Replace the Intel® Optane™ memory module
d. Reboot and enable Intel® Optane™ Memory
S.M.A.R.T. event 1. Action taken (once the SMART event count threshold
(event count is reached):
threshold reached) a. The fast media’s block cache (BC) is placed in
on slow media: Write-Through mode (reduced performance)
b. Pop-up tray icon notification of media errors with
recommendation to disable Intel® Optane™
Memory and correct the problem (e.g. replace
the fast media)
a. Intel® Optane™ Memory remains enabled.
b. Intel® Optane™ Memory placed in reduced
performance mode (WT cache mode)
c. Recover (or whatever duplication method you
choose) your faulty system drive to a new drive
and replace the faulty drive
4. Reboot and enable Intel® Optane™ Memory
94 User Guide
Fast Media: Block Cache Errors
Intel® RST Metadata 1. Action taken by the Intel® RST SW:

Read failure during A. Intel® Optane™ volume is placed ‘offline’.
boot: 2. System ending state:
A. Intel® Optane™ volume offline.
B. System unbootable
A. Retry boot
B. If system unbootable after several tries then
the metadata is corrupted and unrecoverable
Intel® RST Metadata 1. Action taken by the Intel® RST SW:

Write failure during A. Treat the same as a dirty shutdown
shutdown B. Intel® RST evaluate storage subsystem at next
boot
A. System is bootable.
B. System in normal state
A. Continue power down/restart as normal
Read failure of cache 1. Action taken by the Intel® RST SW:

frame with dirty data a. The fast media’s block cache (BC) is placed in
exceeds the preset Write Through mode (reduced performance)
threshold value (fast b. Tray icon notification of media Read errors with
media failure could recommendation to disable Intel® Optane™
be imminent) Memory and correct the problem (e.g. replace
the fast media).
c. Intel® RST evaluate storage subsystem at next
boot
a. BC in WT cache mode in reduced performance
state.
b. Intel® Optane™ Memory remains enabled
c. Replace the Intel® Optane™ memory module
d. Reboot and enable Intel® Optane™ Memory
User Guide 95
5.8 Intel® Optane™ Memory Member Disk Failures

Requiring Replacement of Disk
Slow Disk (SATA HDD, SSD, SSHD) Replacement

If your system encounters an unrecoverable catastrophic failure of the slow media
(the OS system disk becomes inoperable), there is no recovery/repair available. Use
the following recommended steps to get the system back up and running:
Data recovery: No Intel® RST data recovery tools are available for a
drive that has experienced mechanical or electrical
failure and is considered ‘inoperable’. There may be
third party tools available for recovering data in this
situation. Intel® has no recommendations regarding
third party data recovery tools.
Disassociate the Disassociation of the Intel® Optane™ module is

Optane™ memory required in order to be able to reuse it to enable Intel®
module. Optane™ with the replacement slow media.
Note: Disassociation removes the Intel® Optane™

configuration information from the Intel® Optane™
module and deletes all data (data which is unusable
cached data from the inoperable OS disk that is being
replaced). Once this disassociation is completed the
module can again be used to enable Intel® Optane™.
1. Boot into your system BIOS

2. Enter the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology pre-OS UI
(Note: consult your computer manufacturer for the
location of this UI in your system BIOS)
3. The slow media (Intel® Optane™ memory module)
should be displayed on the main page,
a. Highlight it and hit <Enter> to take you to the
“Reset to non-Optane” page
b. Under ‘Disk Actions’ highlight the action ‘Reset
to non-Optane’ and hit <Enter>
c. Highlight ‘Yes’ and hit <Enter>
4. The disk is now available to be used to enable System
96 User Guide
Data recovery: No Intel® RST data recovery tools are available for a
drive that has experienced mechanical or electrical
failure and is considered ‘inoperable’. There may be
third party tools available for recovering data in this
situation. Intel® has no recommendations regarding
third party data recovery tools.
Reinstall your OS or At this point you can reinstall the operating system and
recover it from a rebuild your system:
previous backup
1. Install the new slow media (SATA HDD, SSD, or
SSHD)
2. Install the Windows* 10 OS
3. Re-enable Intel® Optane™ Memory
4. Complete any customizations or application installs
Intel® Optane™ Memory Module Replacement

This section documents support for Intel® Optane™ memory module upgrades or
replacements for systems that already have Intel® Optane™ Memory enabled.
Whether you are upgrading the memory module or replacing a faulty memory module,
the following steps will apply:
Disable Optane™ 1. From Windows* desktop, launch the Intel® Optane™

Memory: Memory UI.
• Or launch the Intel® RST UI
Management UI
2. Click the ‘Setup’ tab at the left
Optane™ Memory tab at the top
Management UI, click the ‘Intel® Optane™
Memory’ tab
3. Click Disable to start the disabling process
4. Confirm the action
displayed
User Guide 97

Management UI, you have to restart manually.
system and complete the disablement process
Replace the Intel® 1. Power down the computer

Optane™ memory 2. Open the computer and locate the old or faulty Intel®
module: Optane™ memory module that you wish to replace
Note: Consult your computer manufacturer for the

location of the slot for the Intel® Optane™ memory
module and instructions to remove and insert an M.2
storage module
3. Remove the old or faulty module and insert the new

module.
4. Close the computer and power it on and boot into the
Windows* OS.
Re-enable Intel® 1. From Windows* desktop, launch the Intel® Optane™

Optane™ Memory: Memory UI
• Or launch the Intel® RST UI
Management UI
2. Click on the ‘Setup’ tab
Optane™ Memory tab at the top
Management UI, click the ‘Intel® Optane™
Memory’ tab
3. Click Enable to start the enabling process
4. Select the fast media to use for enabling and continue
displayed
Management UI, you have to restart manually.
system and complete the enablement process.
§§
98 User Guide
Creating a RAID Volume
6 Creating a RAID Volume

RAID volumes can be created three different ways. The method most widely used by
end-users is to use the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI in Windows*. The second
method to create a RAID volume is to use the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology option
ROM user interface (or the Intel® RST pre-OS UEFI HII UI). The third way, used by
OEMs only, is using the pre-OS RCfgSata or Windows* (including WinPE) RSTCLI
32/64 utilities.
6.1 Minimum Requirements

• BIOS: Requires a BIOS with the Intel® RST preOS UEFI driver or OptionROM
integrated
• Number of disks required for the desired RAID level
 RAID 0: 2 disks minimum (6 max)
 RAID 1: 2 disks only
 RAID 5: 3 disks minimum (6 max)
 RAID 10: 4 disks only
• 5MB unallocated space at the end (max LBA) of the disk for Intel® RST metadata
6.2 Feature Limitations

Table 6-1. Disk, Volume, and Array Maximum Limitations
Configuration Maximum
Number of arrays per system 4
Number of volumes per system 4
Number of volumes per array 2
Number of disks per volume/array 6
Number of disks per system 8
6.3 Using Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage

Management UI
Refer to the section Create Volume.
6.4 Using Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI

1. Run the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI from the following Start menu link
within Windows*:
• Pre-Windows* 8:
User Guide 99
StartProgramsIntel® Control Center (optional) ->Intel® Rapid Storage

TechnologyIntel® Rapid Storage Technology UI
• Windows* 8 and Newer:
The UI is not added to the Start Window upon installation and must be added
manually
File Explorer->Local Disk(C)->Program Files->Intel®->Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology->IAStorUI.exe (right click and pin to start)
2. Based on the available hardware and your computer's configuration, you may be
able to create a volume by selecting the ‘easy to use’ options such as ‘Protect
data’ under ‘Status’, or by selecting a volume type under ‘Create’. Based on the
number of non-RAID disks available to you and the size of the disks the user will
only be able to see the possible volume creation options... (Example: If you have
only two disks ...you can only see options to create RAID 0, RAID1 and Recovery
(Intel® RRT); if you have three disks, you can only see options for creating RAID
0, RAID 1, RAID5 and Recovery)
Note: To create a volume the user must be in admin mode and the system must be
in RAID Ready mode with two or more hard disks connected to it
3. Instructions to create a volume by selecting volume type under ‘Create’
a. After selecting the volume type to create, click on ‘Next’
b. Now configure the volume by providing the volume name, selecting the hard
disks to be part of the volume and strip size if applicable
NOTE: When configuring a volume, the application will only list the disks that
meet the min requirements to be part of the volume. Based on the first disk
selected or the order of selection, some disks may become grayed out if one
or more requirements are not met. Changing the order of selection generally
helps re-enable disks that were grayed out. For Ex: If the first selection is a
system disk, only disks that are of equal or greater size will be presented for
selection and other remains grayed out. For more information on disk
requirements refer ‘creating a volume’ under help file in the UI.
c. Once the disks are selected for volume creation, the user will be presented
with option, if you want preserve data on which selected disk. Click on ‘Next’
and select the ‘Create Volume’ button.
4. After the RAID volume is created, you will be shown a dialog box stating that the
RAID volume was successfully created and you will you will need to use Windows*
Disk Management or other third-party software to create a partition within the
RAID volume and format the partition. Click OK to close this dialog box.
5. After formatting the partition, you may begin to copy files to, or install software
on, the RAID volume.
6.5 Using Intel® RST Legacy Option ROM User

Interface
1. Upon re-boot, you will see the option ROM status message on the screen – press
CTRL-I to enter the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology option ROM user interface.
100 User Guide

2. In the Main Menu, select option #1 ‘Create RAID Volume’. Enter the name you
want to use for the RAID volume, then press Enter.
3. Select the RAID level by using the arrow keys, then press Enter.
4. Press Enter to select the disks to be used by the array that the volume will be
created on. Press Enter when done.
5. Select the strip size (128 KB is the default for RAID 0) by using the arrow keys,
then press Enter when done.
6. Enter the size for the RAID volume in gigabytes. The default value will be the
maximum size. If you specify a smaller size, you will be able to create a second
volume in the remaining space using the same procedure.
7. After this is done, exit the Option ROM user interface.
6.6 Using Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UEFI User

Interface
Note: This section is motherboard manufacturer dependent. Where/how the
chooses to implement the UEFI UI is based on their preference.
1. Upon re-boot, launch the Intel® RST UEFI user interface (HII compliant)
The UEFI UI is divided into three main sections:

• Section 1 is the main section.
 It displays RAID configuration and status information
 It displays Intel® RST UEFI driver version (see arrow #4 in figure above)
 It displays physical devices enumerated by the Intel® RST UEFI driver that are
not part of the RAID volume
User Guide 101

• Section 2 gives a brief description of current page of the UI

• Section 3 gives information on how to navigate within the current page of the UEFI
UI.
Note: This section is not implemented by the Intel® RST UEFI driver and is specific
to the BIOS that was used for documentation purposes.
2. In the Main Menu, select ‘Create RAID Volume’
a. Enter the name you want to use for the RAID volume, then press <Enter>.
b. Scroll down to ‘RAID Level” and press <Enter> to select a RAID level.
102 User Guide

c. Scroll down to ‘Select Disks’ and at each disk that you wish to include in the
RAID volume press <space bar>
d. Next scroll down to ‘Strip Size’ and press <enter> to select a Strip size or
continue if you wish to use the default strip size
User Guide 103

e. Next scroll down to ‘Capacity (MB)’ where the maximum capacity is selected
and displayed in MB. To select a smaller capacity for the RAID volume, type
in the size in MB that you wish to use
f. Next scroll down to ‘Create Volume’ and press <Enter>
3. After this is done, exit the Intel® RST UEFI UI.
Note: The “Create Volume” action will only be enabled if the RAID volume options
selected will result in a valid configuration.
104 User Guide

4. Changes in HII, Beginning with Intel® RST UEFI 13.0, for PCIe* Devices include
new labeling for Devices and multiple controller management ability.
• Device Ids numbering scheme =
<Device Type><Controller ID>”.”<Device ID>
• Example below: “PCIe* 1.0”
§§
User Guide 105

Deleting a RAID Volume
7 Deleting a RAID Volume

RAID volumes can be deleted in three different ways. The method most widely used
by end-users is the Windows* user interface utility. The second method is to use the
Intel® Rapid Storage Technology Option ROM user interface. The third way, used by
OEMs only, uses the RAID Configuration utility.
7.1 Using Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage

Management UI
Refer to Section 4.1 Deleting RAID Volume.
7.2 Using Intel® RST User Interface Utility

1. Run the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI from the following Start menu link:
StartAll ProgramsIntel® Rapid Storage Technology Intel® Rapid Storage

Technology UI
2. Under ‘Status’ or ‘Manage’ Click on the volume you want to delete. The user will
be presented with the volume properties on the left.
3. Click on ‘Delete volume’
4. Review the warning message and click ‘Yes’ to delete the volume.
7.3 Using Option ROM User Interface

1. Upon re-boot, you will see the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology option ROM
status message on the screen – press CTRL-I to enter the option ROM user
interface.
2. Within this UI, select option #2 ‘Delete RAID volume’.
3. You should be presented with another screen listing the existing RAID volume.
4. Select the RAID volume you wish to delete using the up and down arrow keys.
5. Press the Delete key to delete the RAID volume
6. Press Y to confirm.
Note: Option #3 ‘Reset Hard Drives to Non-RAID’ in the option ROM user interface may also
be used to delete a RAID volume. This resets one or more drives to non-RAID status,
by deleting all metadata on the hard drives. This has the effect of deleting any RAID
volumes present. This function is provided for re-setting the hard drives when there is
106 User Guide

Deleting a RAID Volume
a mismatch in RAID volume information on the hard drives. The option #2 ‘Delete
RAID Volume’ on the contrary, will allow deleting a volume at a time, while retaining
the existing RAID array metadata (for instance Matrix RAID).
7.4 Using Intel® RST UEFI User Interface

Note: This section is manufacturer dependent. Where/how the OEM chooses to implement
the UEFI UI is based on manufacturer preference.
1. Upon re-boot, enter the system BIOS and select the Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology menu for the UEFI user interface
2. In the Main Menu, go to the ‘RAID Volumes’ section, highlight the volume to be
deleted and press <Enter>
a. Select ‘Delete’, then press <Enter>.
b. At the dialogue box press <Enter> to confirm the deletion of the volume
Note: All data on the volume will be lost!)
3. After this is done, exit the Intel® RST UEFI UI.
§§
User Guide 107

Common RAID Setup Procedures
8 Common RAID Setup

Procedures
8.1 Build a SATA RAID 0, 1, 5 or 10 System

This is the most common setup. This configuration will have the operating system
striped for RAID 0, or mirrored for RAID 1, or striped with parity for RAID 5, or
mirrored and striped across two or up to four drives for RAID 10. All RAID member
drives must be from the same BUS PROTOCOL GROUP. To prepare for this, you must
have the Intel® RAID driver on a floppy drive (USB). Procedure for creating this
floppy (USB) is provided in this document, in the later sections.
1. Assemble the system using a motherboard that supports Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology and attach the drives depending on the RAID level that will be built.
2. Enter System BIOS Setup and ensure that RAID mode is enabled. This setting
may be different for each motherboard manufacturer. Consult the manufacturer’s
user manual if necessary. When done, exit Setup.
Using Legacy OROM User Interface

1. Upon re-boot if your system is using a legacy OROM, you will see the Option ROM
status message on the screen – press CTRL-I to enter the Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology Option ROM user interface.
2. Within this UI, select option ‘1. Create RAID Volume’. When ‘Create RAID Volume’
menu is displayed, fill the following items:
a. Name: Enter a volume name, and press Enter to proceed to next menu item,
b. RAID Level: select RAID level (0, 1, 5, 10), and press Enter to proceed to next
menu item;
c. Disks: press Enter on ‘Select Disks’ to select the hard drives to be used for
your configuration.
d. Within the ‘SELECT DISKS’ window, choose the hard drives and press Enter to
return to the ‘MAIN MENU’.
e. Strip Size: Applicable for RAID levels 0, 5, and 10 only. You may choose the
default size or another supported size in the list and press Enter to proceed to
the next item.
f. Capacity: The default size would be the maximum allowable size summation of
all the drives in your configuration. You may decrease this volume size to a
lower value. If you specified a lower capacity size volume, the remaining
space could be utilized for creating another RAID volume. Press Enter to
proceed to the next item.
g. Create Volume: Press Enter to create a volume.
108 User Guide

h. Press ‘Y’ to confirm the creation of volume.
3. After this is done, exit the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology option ROM user
interface by pressing the Esc key or Option #4.
4. Begin OS setup by booting from the Windows* OS installation CD.
5. Installation procedures as follows: Use the ‘load driver’ mechanism when

prompted. Insert a USB key with the Intel® RST driver and browse to the
directory on the USB key where the driver that you wish to install is located.
Select the driver INF file. If correct the proper Intel® controller for your system
will be shown. Continue the driver install.
6. Finish the Windows* installation and install all other necessary drivers.
7. Install the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology software package obtained from the
Intel® VIP website. This will add the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI that can
be used to manage the RAID configuration.
Using UEFI HII User Interface

1. Upon re-boot if your system is using the Intel® RST UEFI Driver and the HII
protocol is in the system BIOS, you will see the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology
option within the BIOS setup menu.
2. Select this menu. Choose the ‘Create RAID Volume’. When ‘Create RAID Volume’
menu is displayed, fill the following items:
a. Name: Enter a volume name, and press Enter to proceed to next menu item,
b. RAID Level: select RAID level (0, 1, 5, 10), and press Enter to proceed to next
menu item;
c. Disks: press space bar to ‘Select Disks’ to select the devices to be used for
your configuration.
d. Within the ‘SELECT DISKS’ window, choose the devices and press Enter to
return to the ‘MAIN MENU’.
e. Strip Size: Applicable for RAID levels 0, 5, and 10 only. You may choose the
default size or another supported size in the list and press Enter to proceed to
the next item.
f. Capacity: The default size would be the maximum allowable size summation of
all the drives in your configuration. You may decrease this volume size to a
lower value. If you specified a lower capacity size volume, the remaining
space could be utilized for creating another RAID volume. Press Enter to
proceed to the next item.
g. Create Volume: Press Enter to create a volume.
h. Press ‘Y’ to confirm the creation of volume.
3. After this is done, exit the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology menu HII user
interface by pressing to save changes and the Esc key.
User Guide 109

4. Begin OS setup by rebooting from the Windows* OS installation CD.

will be shown. Continue the driver install.
8.2 Building a “RAID Ready” System

The following steps outline how to build an Intel® “RAID Ready” system with
OS installed on a single SATA hard drive. A “RAID Ready” system can be
upgraded to RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID5 or RAID 10 at a later time using the RAID
migration feature built into Intel® Rapid Storage Technology. Intel® RST
enables you to install additional SATA hard drives, and then migrate to a RAID
level volume without re-installing the operating system.
1. Assemble the system using a motherboard that supports Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology with Intel® Rapid Storage Technology OROM integrated into the BIOS
and attach one SATA hard drive.
2. Enter System BIOS Setup; ensure that RAID mode is enabled. This setting may be
different for each motherboard manufacturer. Consult your manufacturer’s user
manual if necessary. When done, exit Setup.
3. Begin Windows* Setup by booting from the Windows* OS installation CD.
will be shown. Continue the driver install:
8.3 Migrating RAID 0 or RAID 1 on Existing “RAID

Ready” System
If you have an existing “RAID Ready” system then you can use the following steps to
migrate from a single-drive non-RAID configuration to a two drive RAID 0 or RAID 1
configuration. To prepare for this, you will need to install another drive with a capacity
equal to or greater than the capacity of the drive being used as the source hard drive
and belong to the same BUS PROTOCOL GROUP as the source drive.
1. Note the port number of the source hard drive already in the system; you will use
this to select hard drive for preserving data for the migration.
110 User Guide

2. Install the second drive on the system.
3. Boot Windows, then install the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology software, if not
already installed, using the setup package obtained from a CD-ROM or from the
Internet. This will install the necessary Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI and
start menu links.
4. Open the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI from the Start Menu and select the
volume type under Create from the Actions menu. Click on ’Next’
5. Under the configure options provide the volume name , select disks
6. When the disks are selected, the user will be presented the option to select the
disk on which to preserve the data. Here the user need to select the right disk on
the which the data needs to preserved and migrated
7. After the migration is complete, reboot the system. If you migrated to a RAID 0
volume, use Disk Management from within Windows* in order to partition and
format the empty space created when the two hard drive capacities are combined.
You may also use third-party software to extend any existing partitions within the
RAID volume.
8.4 Migrating Existing Data Hard Drive to a RAID 0 or

RAID 1 Volume
If you are booting from a parallel ATA (PATA*) drive that contains the operating
system, you may use the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology to create a RAID 0 or
RAID 1 volume on two SATA drives. Also, if you have a single SATA hard drive that
contains program or personal data, you may use the migration feature to use this
hard drive as the source hard drive for a migration. After the migration is completed,
you will have a two hard drive RAID 0 volume where data is striped or a two hard
drive RAID 1 volume where the data is mirrored across the two SATA hard drives. To
do this, the PCH I/O RAID Controller must be enabled in the BIOS and you must have
the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology software installed.
Begin with a system where you are booting from a PATA hard drive. Make sure the
PCH I/O RAID controller is enabled and the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology is
installed. Then do the following:
1. Note the serial number of the SATA hard drive that is already installed. You will
use this to select it as the source hard drive when initiating the migration.
2. Physically attach the second SATA hard drive to the available SATA port.
3. Boot to Windows*, install the Rapid Storage Technology software, if not already
installed, using the setup package obtained from a CD-ROM or from the Internet.
This will install the necessary Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI and start menu
links.
4. Open the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI from the Start Menu.
5. Follow steps 4 to 7 in section Migrate to RAID 0 or RAID 1 on an Existing “RAID

Ready” System
User Guide 111

8.5 Migrating from One RAID Level to Another

RAID level migration allows an existing RAID configuration to be migrated to another
RAID configuration. The following migrations are possible.
Note: Not all migrations are supported on all chipsets. The support varies depending on the
chipset and the ports supported on the chipset (For supported migrations for each
chipset Intel® Rapid Storage Technology product requirements document):
Change Type From To
2-disk recovery volume 2-disk RAID 1
2-disk RAID 1 2-disk recovery volume
2-disk RAID 0
2-disk RAID 1 3, 4, 5 or 6-disk RAID 0
3, 4, 5 or 6-disk RAID 5
3-disk RAID 0 4, 5 or 6-disk RAID 5
4-disk RAID 0 5 or 6-disk RAID 5
Note: In order for the migration options to be accessible, the minimum required SATA hard
drives for the RAID level have to be met.
Follow the procedure illustrated below:
1. Start the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI application:
Start Menu ->All Programs -> Intel® Rapid Storage Technology -> Intel® Rapid
Storage Technology UI
2. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the array or volume
to which you want to modify. The volume properties now display on the left.
3. Click 'Change type'.
4. In the 'Change Volume Type' dialog, type a new name if you want to change the
default name.
5. Select the new volume type, and then click 'OK'.
6. The 'Manage' page refreshes and reports the new volume type.
7. After the migration starts, you can view the migration progress under status.
8. When the Status field indicates volume as ‘Normal’, the migration is complete.
112 User Guide

8.6 Creating RAID Volume on Intel® SATA Controller

While Booting to Different Controller
This configuration is for users who would like to use a RAID 0 volume as a high-
performance data hard drive or use the data redundancy properties of RAID 1.
Starting with a configuration where the system is booting to a Windows*, with
installation on a different disk controller, the user can add two SATA hard drives and
create a RAID volume on them.
1. Physically install two SATA hard drives to the system.
2. Enter System BIOS Setup; ensure that RAID mode is enabled. This setting may be
different for each motherboard manufacturer. Consult your manufacturer’s user
manual if necessary. When done, exit Setup.
3. Boot to Windows; install the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology software, if not
already installed, use the setup package obtained from a CD-ROM or from the
Internet. This will install the necessary Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI and
Start menu links.
4. Use the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI to create a RAID 0 volume on two
SATA drives according to the procedure in section Using Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology UI of this document.
5. After the RAID volume is created, you will need to use Windows* Disk
Management or other third-party software to create a partition within the RAID
volume and format the partition. At this point, you may begin to copy files to, or
install software on, the RAID volume.
§§
User Guide 113

RAID Volume Data Verification and Repair Feature
9 RAID Volume Data Verification

and Repair Feature
This feature is available starting with Intel® Matrix Storage Manager 6.1.
9.1 Verifying and Repairing Volume Feature

The RAID volume verification feature identifies any inconsistencies or bad data on a
RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, or RAID 10 volume and reports the number of
inconsistencies or number of blocks with media errors found during RAID volume data
verification.
When the verification process is complete, a dialog will appear that displays the
number of verification errors, verification errors repaired and blocks with media errors
that were found.
Follow the below steps to start RAID volume data verification:
1. Under ‘Status’ or ‘Manage’ click on the RAID volume you want to perform the
verify operation under ‘storage system view’. The volume properties now display
on the left.
2. Click on ‘Advanced’ and then Click on ‘Verify’
3. For RAID 0 the verification process starts once you click ‘verify’. For RAID1, 5, 10,
Recovery volumes, a dialog box with check box option to repair the errors found
automatically during the verification process is present. If the user wants to
perform repair, you can select this box and then click ‘verify’.
4. The verification progress is shown under ‘status’
5. When the verification process is complete and the volume status is set to normal,
now you can click on the volume under ‘status’ or ‘manage’. Under the volume
properties to the left under ‘Advanced’ you can view the number of verification
errors, verification errors repaired and blocks with media errors that were found.
9.2 Verifying and Repairing Scheduler

The Verify and Repair feature includes a scheduler for the Verify and Repair (V and R)
operation. To enable the scheduler, perform the following procedure:
Pre-conditions: UI installed, at least 1 RAID volume on the system that is initialized, in

normal state, and a valid RAID type (RRT, R0**, R1, R5, R10) **RAID 0 volumes
can only do a Verify; they cannot be repaired
1. Login to Windows* and launch the Intel® RST UI and click on the ‘Preferences’ tab
at the top of the UI
114 User Guide

RAID Volume Data Verification and Repair Feature
2. From the ‘Preferences’ page, select the ‘Scheduler’ button on the left navigation
pane to display the
3. Check mark the ‘Enable scheduler’ checkbox
4. Select ‘Recurrence’ schedule: Once (default), Daily, Weekly, or Monthly
5. Select the ‘Start Date’; day for the scheduler to begin/run the V and R operation
6. Select the ‘Time’ of the scheduled runs on a 24-hour clock
7. Select the ‘Recur every’ schedule: choices will vary depending upon what is
selected for ‘Recurrence’ (this step is not applicable for Recurrence of once)
8. Select whether or not to Automatically Repair Errors encountered during the Verify
operation
9. Click ‘Apply Changes’ to enable
§§
User Guide 115

Un-Installation
10 Un-Installation
Uninstalling the RAID driver could potentially cause an end-user to lose access to
important data within a RAID volume. This is because the driver can only provide
functionality for the Intel® SATA RAID controller. Therefore, Intel® does not provide
a way to permanently remove the driver from the system. However, disabling the
Intel® SATA RAID Controller causes the operating system to not use the RAID driver.
The uninstallation application that is included with the Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology software can remove all components except the RAID driver (i.e. it
removes the UI application, Start Menu links, Control Panel Applet, etc.).
Use the following procedures to remove the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology software
or to disable the SATA RAID controller:
10.1 Un-Installing Intel® RST Software (Except RAID

Driver)
1. Run the Uninstall program from the following start menu link:
2. StartAll ProgramsIntel® Rapid Storage Technology Uninstall
3. The first dialog box that appears gives you the option of un-installing all
components of the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology software except the RAID
driver. Click ‘OK’ to do so.
4. The next dialog box is a confirmation that you would like to un-install all
components of the software except the RAID driver. Click ‘Yes’ to confirm.
5. All components of the software will be un-installed except the RAID driver. You
should no longer see any Start menu links to the UI application or a control panel
applet for Intel® Rapid Storage Technology. However, the RAID configuration
should still function normally.
10.2 Un-Installing Intel® Optane™ Memory and

Storage Management UI (Except RAID Driver)
1. Run the Uninstall program from the following start menu link:
2. StartAll Programs Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI

Uninstall
3. The first dialog box that appears gives you the option of un-installing all
components of the HSA software except the RAID driver. Click ‘OK’ to do so.
4. All components of the software will be un-installed except the RAID driver. You
should no longer see any Start menu links to the UI application or a control panel
applet for Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI. However, the
RAID configuration should still function normally.
116 User Guide

Un-Installation
10.3 Disabling RAID Driver by Disabling RAID

Controller
Warning: If you use this method and your computer’s operating system is installed to a
disk attached to the Intel® SATA RAID Controller, you will no longer be able to
boot into that operating system!
1. Enter System BIOS Setup and disable RAID Mode. This setting may be different
for each motherboard manufacturer. Consult your manufacturer’s user manual if
necessary. When done, exit Setup.
2. Reboot the system (The OS must have been installed on a disk not attached to the
Intel® SATA RAID controller). You should no longer see the RAID Option ROM
status screen during boot, and you should no longer see the Intel® SATA RAID
Controller in Device Manager.
3. At this point, Windows* will no longer be using the RAID driver and you will not
have Intel® RAID functionality. All data contained in existing RAID volumes
will no longer be accessible. To re-enable Intel® RAID functionality, re-enter
System BIOS Setup and re-enable RAID mode.
Note: To Uninstall: End-users can use this same procedure to disable the Intel® SATA
RAID Controller if necessary. In fact, the uninstall program used in section 10 of this
document will display a text file with a similar procedure. Run the Uninstall Program,
click ‘Cancel’ when presented with the first dialog box, then click ‘Yes’ at the second
dialog box to read the text document containing the procedure.
§§
User Guide 117

Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI
11 Intel® Rapid Storage

Technology UI
Note: The Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI is not required to be installed when the
storage subsystem is operating in AHCI mode. The main benefit of the Intel® RST UI
is in its management and monitoring of the Intel® RST RAID storage subsystem and
the management and configuration of cache accelerated volumes.
11.1 Introduction
The Intel® Rapid Storage Technology UI is a Windows*-based application that
provides users monitoring and management capabilities for the Intel® RST storage
subsystem. It offers a wide range of monitoring and management activities for the
Intel® RST RAID subsystem (In AHCI mode there are no management or
monitoring capabilities offered by the UI application).
Getting Started
The Intel® Rapid Storage Technology software package provides high-performance
SATA AHCI and SATA RAID capabilities for supported operating systems.
The Intel® Rapid Storage Technology (Intel® RST) UI requires the Microsoft* .NET
4.5 framework beginning with Intel® RST 13.0 release. For prior releases, the Intel®
118 User Guide

RST UI connects and interoperates with the Microsoft* .NET 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0
framework.
Refer to the System Requirements and the online user's manual to set up your
system's configuration and feature support level. You can also review the Readme file
installed with this software or visit Intel®'s online support to learn more about the full
system requirements and RAID BIOS configuration.
RAID enabled systems
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) refers to multiple independent disks

combined to form one logical drive. The main objective of this technology is to
improve storage system performance, data protection, and increase fault-tolerance.
This technology provides support for the following features:

• Intel® Rapid Recover Technology:
This technology provides full data redundancy by copying data from a designated
source drive (i.e., master disk) to a designated destination drive (i.e., recovery
disk). Data updates of recovery volumes can be continuous or on request.
• Intel® Rapid Storage Technology RAID:
This technology provides the ability to create RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, and RAID 10
volumes on desktop and mobile platforms. Data is distributed across two or more
disks to provide data redundancy (exception of RAID0) or to enhance data storage
performance.
• Intel® Matrix RAID Technology:
This technology allows two independent RAID volumes to be created on a single
array. The first volume occupies part of the array, leaving space for the second
volume. The array may consist of two to six SATA disks depending on the volume
types.
• Hot plug:
Also referred to as hot swap, this feature allows SATA disks to be removed or
inserted while the computer is turned on and the operating system is running. As an
example, hot plugging may be used to replace a failed external disk.
• Intel® Smart Response Technology caching:
This feature allows you to use a non-system solid state disk and configure it as a
non-volatile intelligent cache device in order to accelerate a disk or volume that is
part of the storage system. This configuration helps improve the overall system
performance.
• Volume migration:
This feature provides support for converting system data into a high-performance or
protection RAID configuration.
• Volume size increase:
This feature allows you to increase the data storage capacity of a volume by using
100% of the available array space or by adding one or more SATA disk to an
existing volume.
• Password-protected disks:
This feature provides high-level security and protection for the data on your disks
with a password, denying access from any unauthorized user.
User Guide 119

Additional features and technology supported by the driver although not directly
accessible via the Intel® RST UI:
• TRIM:
This feature provides support for all solid state disks (SSDs) in your storage system
that meet the ATA-8 protocol requirements and are not part of an array. This
feature optimizes write operations, helps devices reduce wear, and maintains
unused storage area on devices as large as possible.
Beginning with the Intel® 7 Series chipset the driver supports TRIM on SSDs in a
RAID 0 configuration.
• ODD power optimization:
This feature allows an unused optical disk drive (ODD) to be automatically powered
off when media such as a compact disk, a DVD, or Blu-ray disk are not present in
the drive and the tray1 is closed. The ODD is powered back on by the operating
system or user interaction with the device, including when the eject button is
pressed. ODD power optimization is particularly valuable for mobile computers as
battery life is negatively affected when the ODD is powered on and in an idle state.
This feature is only supported on the following system configurations: Intel® 6
Series Chipset or later, compatible motherboards, and compatible ODDs. For more
information about compatibility requirements, refer to the SATA specifications
available at www.sata-io.org
1 For slot-loadable drives, the tray condition does not apply.
• Native command queuing:
A feature that allows SATA disks to accept more than one command at a time.
When used in conjunction with one or more disks that support NCQ, storage
performance is increased on random workloads by allowing the disk to internally
optimize the order of commands.
• Hybrid Hinting:
This feature supports the use of Solid-State Hybrid Drives (SSHD). SSHD’s are hard
disks that contain Flash memory for use as a cache to store frequently accessed
data. The driver provides hints to the SSHD to notify the drive which data would be
best to store in the data cache.
• Disks of more than two terabytes:
This feature provides support for hard disks and solid state disks with a capacity
greater than 2 TB that are reported as pass-through devices (available) or used in a
RAID configuration. In addition, booting from a system disk greater than 2 TB is
allowed as long as the version of the option ROM in your system supports this
feature.
Note: If a source disk is greater than 2TB and using the MBR partitioning scheme, the
application will not allow data preservation in order to create a volume. Instead, a
new volume will be created with no partition on it. Also, if the operating system is
Windows* XP, capacity expansion operations will not be allowed for volume sizes
equal or greater than 2TB.
• AHCI-enabled systems:
Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) is an interface specification that
automatically allows the storage driver to enable advanced SATA features, such as
Native Command Queuing and Native Hot Plug, on the SATA disks connected to
your computer. The following features are supported on AHCI-enabled systems:
120 User Guide

 Native command queuing

 Hot plug
 Disks of more than two terabytes (if that size is supported by the
Intel® RST UEFI pre-OS driver or legacy OptionROM)
 Password-protected disks
 ODD power optimization (Microsoft* Windows* Vista and higher)
 Dynamic Storage Acceleration
 Hybrid Hinting
Understanding the Application

The Intel® Rapid Storage Technology application allows you to optimize and maintain
a healthy storage system by creating volumes, customizing performance settings and
managing storage system elements. This section provides you with a general overview
of a storage system configuration and an individual review of all the areas contained in
this application.
11.1.2.1 Storage System Configuration

The storage system combines hardware capabilities with RAID technology to provide
flexible data storage units on your computer. Each data storage unit, or RAID
configuration, consists of three elements that include physical SATA disks, one or two
volumes, and one array. When at least one volume is present on the system, these
elements are represented in the storage system view of the Status and Manage areas.
In this section, we describe each of these RAID configuration elements and explain
how they relate to each other.
• Array
An array is a collection of two or more SATA disks in a RAID configuration and is the
highest element in the hierarchy of a storage system. Once a volume is created, the
disks you used to create that volume form an array. Refer to the Creating Additional
Volumes topic for details on how you can create two volumes across the same
disks. An array can include one or two RAID volumes if the hardware allows it.
• Volume
A volume is the storage area on two or more disks whose type dictates the
configuration of the data stored. If you created a volume for data protection, then
your storage system may include a RAID 1 volume spanning two SATA disks, which
mirrors data on each disk.
• Disks
A disk (i.e., hard disk or hard disk drive) physically stores data and allows
read/write data access. If a disk is used to create a volume, it becomes an array
disk because it has been grouped with other disks to form an array.
The storage system can also include ATAPI devices, which cannot be used to create a
volume. They are a mass storage device with a parallel interface, such as CD-ROM,
DVD/Blu-ray disc, or tape drive.
User Guide 121

11.1.2.2 Navigation
The application is organized into five main areas depicted by the top navigation
buttons: Status, Create, Manage, Accelerate, and Preferences. Depending on your
computer's configuration and available hardware, Create and Accelerate may not be
available.
Status
The 'Status' area provides a general state of health of your storage system. If a status
other than normal is reported, the Manage sub-section will be available to provide you
with basic information and actions links necessary to return the status to normal.
Create
The 'Create' area allows you to create different types of volumes to protect data,
enhance disk performance, optimize disk capacity, or create a custom volume to
combine benefits.
Note
The ‘Create’ area is only available if your computer supports RAID technology, and if
the volume requirements are met. Refer to the Volume Requirements topic for an
exhaustive list of storage system conditions to create a volume.
Manage
The 'Manage' area combines the logical and physical view of your storage system. The
area displays detailed information about each element that is part of the storage
system, such as volumes and disks; the storage system view shows how the selected
element relates to others. Each element has its own 'Manage' area which is accessible
by clicking any element displayed in the storage system view under 'Status' or
'Manage'.
The 'Manage' area also provides the actions available for the selected element, such
as renaming a volume or changing the volume type.
Accelerate
The ‘Accelerate’ area allows you to manage the cache memory configuration using a
non-system solid state disk as a cache device. If the cache is reported in an abnormal
state, detailed information and troubleshooting actions will display. The Acceleration
View is specific to the ‘Accelerate’ area and only displays in this location.
Preferences
The 'Preferences' area allows you to customize system settings by enabling the display
of the notification area icon, and by selecting the type of notifications that you want
the application to display.
122 User Guide

Storage System View
The storage system view has two functions:

• It is a simplified representation of your storage system and displays graphic
elements, such as arrays, volumes, devices, and ports. Each element provides
general attribute information, such as status, name and size. Hovering over each
element provides additional attribute details.
• You can also use the graphical view to access 'Manage' by clicking the storage
system element you want to work with. For example, if an array is present, clicking
the volume opens Manage Volume and clicking one of the array disks will open
Manage Disk for the selected disk.
Acceleration View
The Acceleration View is a graphical representation of the acceleration configuration,

and only displays the devices (disks and volumes) included in this particular
configuration. You can use this view to access the ‘Manage’ page specific to each
represented device by clicking the storage system element for which you want more
detailed information.
Notification Area
The notification area (also called the system tray) is located on your desktop. The
taskbar contains the notification area icon for Intel® Rapid Storage Technology. The
icon provides storage system status and notifications such as volume and disk events
based on a change of state.
The notification area icon will automatically display in the notification area once Intel®
Rapid Storage Technology is installed. Both administrators and standard users can
change the notification area settings using the application or directly from the
notification area. Settings changes are applied on a per user basis, and do not affect
other users’ settings.
Opening the application from the notification area:

1. Right-click the icon.
2. Click 'Open Application'.
The notification area icon can be in the following states:
User Guide 123

Icon Description
The storage system is reported in a normal state and your data is protected from a disk
failure.
The storage system is reported in a warning state and data may be at risk. We recommend
that you open the application to review and resolve the reported issues.
The storage system is reported in an error state and data may be lost. We recommend that
you open the application to review and resolve the reported issues as soon as possible.
The storage system is reported in a busy state while an operation is in progress. Once the
operation is complete, all actions will be available again, allowing you to manage the storage
system as long as it is reported in a normal state. You can follow the progress of the
operation by hovering over the icon.
This icon is displayed while you are attempting to open the application, but the Intel® Rapid
Storage Technology service has not started running yet. The service is expected to start
automatically with a delay when you launch Windows. This icon appears if you attempt to
launch the application before the delay period ends. If the application fails to open, try
starting the service manually using Microsoft* Windows* Services.
Selecting system notifications:
1. Right-click the icon.

2. Select the types of notifications you want to receive. The notification area menu
allows you to select or deselect one option at a time. Repeat this procedure until
you are finished with your selection. The same operation can also be completed
using the application, from the ‘Preferences’ area.
Note: To hide the notification area icon, deselect ‘Show the notification area icon’ under
‘System Preferences’.
Reviewing notifications:
1. Hover over the icon at any time to view the storage system status or the
progression of an operation.
2. Small pop-up Windows* will display for a short time to notify you of specific
events, such as a missing disk or the completion of an operation.
3. Open the application to view more details about storage system events in the
'Status' or 'Manage' areas.
11.2 Storage System Status

Anytime Intel® Rapid Storage Technology is launched, the application opens to the
'Status' area. This is where the general state of health of your storage system is
reported, both in the storage system view and in details. Depending on the status,
volume creation and management options may be available in order to enhance or
repair your storage system.
Understanding the Status

To get the full benefits of what Intel® Rapid Storage Technology has to offer, it is
critical to maintain a healthy storage system. The application helps you track and
124 User Guide

reports any disk or volume related problems that could put the safekeeping of your
data at risk.
The storage system can be in the following states:
Normal
Reports that the system is functioning as expected, SATA disks are present and connected to the computer. If an
array is present, volume data is fully accessible.
The Create subsection is only available if the storage system meets the minimum requirements to create a
volume. Depending on the available hardware, you may be given the option to create a volume to protect data,
optimize the disk performance, or create a custom volume.
The Manage subsection is only available if the storage system reports atypical conditions in a normal state.
Typically, details or a recommended action are provided to help you rectify any storage system conditions. For
example, if a recovery volume was reported as read-only, we would inform you that disk files must be hidden prior
to requesting updates.
The Accelerate subsection is only available if a solid state disk can be used as a cache device and an eligible
disk or volume can be accelerated. This area typically provides the option to enable acceleration and reports the
cache and accelerated device health state, as well as the current acceleration mode.
Warning
Reports that storage system data may be at risk due to a problem detected on one or more SATA disks.
The Manage subsection displays any SATA disk or volume states reported by the storage system that may
require your attention in order to keep data fully protected and accessible. Details or a recommended action are
provided to help you fix any storage system problems. For example, if the master disk in a recovery volume is
reported as failed, we would recommend that you rebuild the volume to another disk.
Note
In this state, we recommend that you backup any accessible data before taking action
In this state, the Accelerate subsection typically reports that the cache volume is failing possibly because the
solid state disk is reported at risk of failing (smart event). Details and a recommended action are provided to help
you fix the problem reported on the solid state disk.
Error
Reports that storage system data may be lost due to a problem detected on one or more SATA disks.
The Manage subsection displays any SATA disk or volume states reported by the storage system that require
your immediate attention in order to keep data fully protected and accessible. Details or a recommended action are
provided to help you fix any storage system problems. For example, if the data on a RAID 1 volume appears
inaccessible due to a failed array disk, we would recommend that you rebuild the volume to another disk.
Note
In this state, we recommend that you backup any accessible data before taking action
In this state, the Accelerate subsection typically reports that the cache volume has failed possibly because the
solid state disk has also failed and there is data loss. Details and a recommended action are provided to help you fix
the problem reported on the solid state disk.
Storage System View

The storage system view provides a visual representation of your storage system and
displays arrays, volumes, devices, and ports. Volumes and SATA disks graphics reflect
User Guide 125

their current states, which allows you to quickly identify the element that is causing
the storage system to be in a state other than normal.
Note: Hovering over a designated element in the storage system view provides a snapshot
of its properties. Clicking allows you to access and manage its properties.
Overview of SATA disks states:

An internal hard disk is reported normal. None
An external hard disk is reported normal. None
An internal solid state disk is reported as None

normal.
An external solid state disk is reported as None
normal.
An internal solid-state hybrid disk reported None
as normal.
An internal disk is reported missing. Ensure that the disk is securely connected to
the SATA port and that the SATA cable is
functioning properly. Refer to the
Troubleshooting section for more information.
An internal disk is reported at risk or Back up your data and replace the disks as
Incompatible. soon as possible. Refer to the
Troubleshooting section for more information.
An external hard disk is reported at risk or Back up your data and refer to the
incompatible. Troubleshooting section for more information.
An internal solid state disk is reported as Back up your data and refer to the
being at risk or incompatible. Troubleshooting section for more information.
An external solid state disk is reported at Back up your data and refer to the
risk or incompatible. Troubleshooting section for more information.
An internal disk is reported offline. Unlock all array disks to unlock the volume.
Refer to the Troubleshooting section for more
information.
An internal recovery disk is reported offline. • The recovery volume is in on request

update mode. Change the volume
update mode to continuous, if desired.
Or,
• Your computer is running on battery and
data updates to the recovery disk are
not available. Reconnect your computer
to the power supply.
An external disk is reported offline. Unlock all array disks to unlock the volume.
Refer to the Troubleshooting section for more
information.
An external recovery disk is reported offline. • The recovery volume is in on request

update mode. Change the volume
update mode to continuous, if desired.
Or,
• Your computer is running on battery and
data updates to the recovery disk are
126 User Guide


not available. Reconnect your computer
to the power supply.
An internal disk is reported normal and Unlock the disk to access more options.
locked.
An external disk is reported normal and Unlock the disk to access more options.
locked.
An internal hard disk is reported failed. Refer to the Troubleshooting section for more
information.
An external hard disk is reported failed. Refer to the Troubleshooting section for more
information.
An internal solid state disk is reported as Refer to the Troubleshooting section for more
failed. information.
An external solid state disk is reported as Refer to the Troubleshooting section for more
failed. information.
Volume states:
Volume Type Normal Degraded Failed
Refer to Troubleshooting Refer to Troubleshooting Failed
Degraded Volumes and Volumes and Caching Issues for
Caching Issues for more more information.
information.
RAID 0 Not applicable
Single-disk (cache)
Single-disk (data) Not applicable
RAID 1/Recovery
RAID 5
RAID 10
Other storage system elements:

Element Description Recommendation
A port that has no devices connected to it. None
An ATAPI device is present, such as CD- None

ROM, DVD/Blu-ray disc, or tape drive.
11.3 Creating a Volume

You can combine SATA disks to create a volume in order to enhance your storage
system. Based on the available hardware and your computer's configuration, you may
be able to create a volume by selecting an enhancement goal, such as ‘Protect data’
under ‘Status’, or by selecting a volume type under ‘Create’. We recommend you get
familiar with the minimum requirements in this section before starting the volume
creation process.
User Guide 127

Warning
Performing this action will permanently delete any existing data on the disks used to
create a volume, unless you choose to keep the data when selecting array disks.
Backup all valuable data before starting this process.
Volume Requirements
Creating a volume is only available as an option if the following requirements are met:
• You are logged on as an administrator.
• The computer is RAID ready (refer to the user’s manual available on Intel®'s online
support web site, for assistance on setting up a RAID ready system).
• Two or more SATA disks, including the operating system disk are connected, in a
normal state, and unlocked (only applies to password-protected disks).
• Each of the SATA disks that are to be part of the RAID volume may not have any
SMART events.
Enabling more disks:
When configuring a volume, the application will only list the SATA disks that meet the
requirements listed below. For example, a locked disk connected to your computer will
not be listed as an option until it is unlocked.
Based on the first disk selected, some disks may become grayed out if one or more
requirements are not met. Selecting a different disk generally helps re-enable disks
that were previously grayed out.
• If the first selection is a system disk, any additional SATA disks selected must be of
equal or greater size to ensure that all the system files are migrated to the new
volume.
• If the first selection is a non-system disk, and a system disk is then selected, the
latter must be of equal or smaller size to ensure that all the system files are
migrated to the new volume.
• A system volume cannot be greater than 2 TB. If your first selection is a system
disk, the total size of the other disks shall not allow the volume size to exceed 2 TB.
Exception: If you are creating a volume using disks that have no existing data, and
your operating system is a 64-bit Edition, the application will allow a volume to be
greater than 2TB.
• The SATA disks used to create a volume must have the same type of connection,
internal or external. An internal disk shall not be paired with an external disk to
create a volume. Some systems will support mixed connection types.
Enabling more volume types:
Depending on the input/output (I/O) controller hub that your computer is using, and
the hardware connected to the system, some volume types may not be enabled in the
selection list. Refer to the Readme file located in the Program Files directory for this
application or to the Device Manager to determine which controller is installed on your
computer. Review the controller support table below to determine which volume types
you can create.
128 User Guide

Note: Intel® 5 Series Chipset applies to both desktop and mobile platforms as well as all
later chipsets.
Volume Number of Controller Support
Type Disks
Recovery 2 ICH9R, ICH9DH, ICH9DO, ICH9M, ICH9M-E, ICH10R,

volume ICH10D, ICH10DO, 5 Series/3400 Series.
NOTE: No other volumes can be present on the system.

The master disk must include 100% of the available
disk space and must be less than 1.3125 TB.
RAID 0 2 ICH7R, ICH7DH, ICH7MDH, ICH7M, ICH9R, ICH9DH,

ICH9DO, ICH9M, ICH9M-E, ICH10R, ICH10D, ICH10DO, 5
Series/3400 Series.
RAID 0 3 or 4 ICH7R, ICH7DH, ICH9R, ICH9DH, ICH9DO, ICH10R,

ICH10D, ICH10DO, 5 Series/3400 Series
RAID 0 5 or 6 ICH9R, ICH9DH, ICH9DO, ICH10R, ICH10D, ICH10DO, 5

Series/3400 Series.
RAID 1 2 ICH7R, ICH7DH, ICH7MDH, ICH7M, ICH9R, ICH9DH,

ICH9DO, ICH9M, ICH9M-E, ICH10R, ICH10D, ICH10DO, 5
Series/3400 Series.
RAID 5 3 or 4 ICH7R, ICH7DH, ICH9R, ICH9DH, ICH9DO, ICH10R,

ICH10D, ICH10DO, 5 Series/3400 Series.
RAID 5 5 or 6 ICH9R, ICH9DH, ICH9DO, ICH10R, ICH10D, ICH10DO, 5

Series/3400 Series.
RAID 10 4 ICH7R, ICH7DH, ICH9R, ICH9DH, ICH9DO, ICH10R,

ICH10D, ICH10DO, 5 Series/3400 Series.
Creation Process
Now that you have reviewed the volume requirements, this section will guide you
through the three easy steps necessary to create a volume.
11.3.2.1 Selecting a Volume Type

Before you can create a volume, you need to decide how you want to enhance your
storage system based on your needs. Depending on the available hardware, you may
have the option to combine volume types by creating more than one volume on a
single array. Refer to ‘Creating Additional Volumes’ for more information on this type
of configuration. Below is an overview of the five volume types that you can create.
Creating a two-disk volume from ‘Status’:
This option displays if only two disks are available, one has data such as system files,
the second one does not, and the latter has a size that is equal or greater than the
other. Based on this simple configuration, you can create a volume to protect data or
optimize disk performance by clicking one of the two options listed in the Create
subsection. When choosing this option, the application automatically configures the
volume using the only two disks available and assigns default settings. Refer to the
applicable procedure described in Completing the Process for details.
User Guide 129

Creating a Custom Volume:

1. Click ‘Create’ or 'Create a custom volume' under 'Status'.
2. Select the volume type. Selecting a volume type in the list updates the graphical
representation to provide a detailed description of that type.
3. Click ‘Next’.
Recovery volume: Flexible data protection
Combines two SATA disks and utilizes RAID 1 functionality to copy
data from a designated master disk to a designated recovery disk. Data
updates on the volume can be continuous or on request. In ‘on request’
mode, you can request data updates that copy changes from the master
disk to the recovery disk since the last update. No other volumes can be
present on the system. The master disk must include 100% of the
available disk space and must be less than 1.3125 TB.
Disks required 2
Advantage Full data redundancy; more control over how data is copied between master
and recovery disks; fast volume updates in on request mode; master and
recovery disk files can be viewed in Windows* Explorer*.
Disadvantage Storage capacity is only as large as the smallest disk.
Application Critical data protection for mobile systems; fast restoration of the master disk
to a previous or default state. Available in specific mobile configurations.
RAID 1: Real-time data protection

Combines two SATA disks where each stores an exact copy of the data
to appear as a mirror of each other.
Disks required 2
Advantage Full data redundancy and excellent fault-tolerance; increased read transfer rate.
Disadvantage Storage capacity is only as large as the smallest disk; slight decrease in write
transfer rate.
Application Typically used in workstations and servers to store critical data. Available in
specific mobile configurations.
RAID 0: Optimized disk performance

Combines two to six SATA disks and breaks down data into units that are
spread across the array disks.
Disks required 2 to 6
Advantage Increased data access and storage performance; no loss in data capacity
Disadvantage No data redundancy (if one disk fails, all data on the volume is lost).
Application Typically used in desktops and workstations to store high performance,

temporary data and software. Various RAID 0 volume configurations available
in specific mobile configurations.
130 User Guide

RAID 5: Efficient data hosting and protection

Combines three to six SATA disks where data and parity are striped across
the array disks in a rotating sequence. Parity is a mathematical method for
recreating lost data to a single disk.
Disks required 3 to 6
Advantage Data redundancy; improved storage performance and capacity; high fault-
tolerance and read performance.
Disadvantage Time-consuming to rebuild and decreased performance during the process.
Application Good choice for large amounts of critical data, such as file and application
servers; Internet and Intranet servers. Available in mobile configurations that
include the Intel® 5 Series Chipset which supports up to six SATA ports.
RAID 10 : Balanced performance and data protection

Combines four SATA disks to create a combination of RAID types 1+0.
The data is striped across a two-disk array forming a RAID 0 component.
Each disk in the RAID 0 array is mirrored by a disk in the RAID 1 array,
storing an exact copy of all the data.
Disks required 4
Advantage Combines the read performance of RAID 0 with the fault-tolerance of RAID 1,
resulting in increased data access and full data redundancy, and increased
storage capacity.
Disadvantage 4 disks are required, resulting in increased cost.
Application High performance applications and high load database servers requiring data
protection, such as video editing. Available in mobile configurations that
include the Intel® 5 Series Chipset which supports up to six SATA ports.
11.3.2.2 Configuring the Volume

Once the volume type is selected, you are ready to configure your volume.
Recovery Volume:
1. Type a new volume name if you want to change the default name.
2. Select the master disk.
3. Select the recovery disk.
4. Select a different update mode, if desired.
5. Click ‘Next’. This button will not be active until all the required selections have
been made.
User Guide 131

Advanced configuration settings:

• Enable or disable the volume write-back cache.
• Select the check box to initialize the volume. You can choose to perform this
action at a later time.
RAID Volume:
6. Type a new volume name if you want to change the default name.
7. Select the required number of disks.
8. Select the disk from which you want to keep data, if desired. You can only keep
data from one disk. If you want to keep data from more than one disk, you must
back up all valuable data prior to creating a volume.
9. Click ‘Next’. This button will not be active until all the required selections have
been made.
Advanced configuration settings:

• Select the array allocation by using the slider.
• Select a data strip size.
• Enable or disable the volume write-back cache.
• Select the check box to initialize the volume. You can choose to perform this
action at a later time.
Note: Currently, the application does not allow the creation of greater than 2TB volumes
where the source disk is greater than 2TB and data on that disk is preserved (e.g.
system volume). Target disks can be greater than 2TB but such volumes cannot.
This limitation results from the lack of GPT partition scheme support. Note that
volumes greater than 2TB that include member disks greater than 2TB are supported
as long as array disks are unpartitioned or that no data is preserved at volume
creation.
11.3.2.3 Completing the Process

If you are creating a custom volume and have configured the volume with the disk
selection and other settings, you are ready to review the projected configuration and
complete the volume creation process.
If you are creating a two-disk volume for data protection or disk optimization from
'Status', you can follow the procedure provided below.
Creating a two-disk volume from ‘Status’:

1. Under ‘Status’, in the Create sub-section, select the type of volume you want to
create.
2. In the ‘Confirm Volume Creation’ dialog, review the volume configuration. Note
that the volume name is the only setting that can be changed.
3. Click ‘Create Volume’ to confirm. The process starts immediately.
4. Once completed, a dialog displays to notify you that the volume was successfully
created. Click ‘OK’ to close the dialog.
5. The page refreshes and displays the new volume in the storage system view as
well as the data migration progress.
132 User Guide

Creating a custom volume:
Warning
You can only keep existing data from one of the disks you select to create a volume.
We recommend that you backup all valuable data before proceeding.
If you perform a driver upgrade or downgrade while the data migration is in progress
and then restart your computer, the driver will not be able to recognize the volume or
the data on it. If you are migrating a system volume, you will not be able to restart
your system because the operating system cannot load. If you are migrating a data
volume, you will have to reverse (roll back) that last performed driver update, and
then restart the computer to return to a normal state.
1. Under 'Confirm', review the selected configuration.
2. Click ‘Create Volume’ if you want to create the volume using the selected
configuration. Otherwise, click ‘Back’ and make any necessary changes. The
process starts immediately.
3. Click 'OK' to confirm.
4. Once completed, a dialog displays to notify you that the volume was successfully
created. Click ‘OK’ to close the dialog.
5. The ‘Status’ area displays the new volume in the storage system view as well as
the data migration progress.
If the size of the new volume is larger than the size of the source drive, the following
steps apply:
6. Once the migration status reports 100% complete, restart your computer for the
operating system to recognize the new volume size.
7. Create a new partition or extend the existing partition to utilize the new volume
space using Windows* Disk Management. If your system is running Microsoft* XP,
you may only have the option to create a new partition.
Note: To open Windows* Disk Manager, click Start, right click My Computer, select Manage,
then in the console tree select Disk Management.
Creating Additional Volumes

Creating multiple volumes on a single array:
You can add a volume to an existing RAID array by creating another volume that uses
the available space on the array. This feature allows you to combine different volume
types and their respective benefits. For example, a configuration with RAID 0 and
RAID 1 on two SATA disks provides better data protection than a single RAID 0 and
higher performance than a single RAID 1.
The first RAID volume occupies part of the array, leaving space for the other volume
to be created. After creating the first volume with an array allocation set to less than
100% in the Configure Volume step, you will be able to add a second volume to that
array.
Note: The configuration is only available if the array allocation for the first volume created is
less than 100%, and space is available on that array. The application currently
supports an array to include a maximum of two RAID volumes.
User Guide 133


4. Select 'Yes' to add the volume to an existing array.
5. Make any necessary changes in the Advanced section.
7. Review the selected configuration. Click 'Back' or an option in the left pane if you
want to make changes.
8. Click 'Finish' to start the creation process.
Supported RAID volume combinations on a single array:

Combine With
2-disk RAID 0 2-disk RAID 0
2-disk RAID 1
2-disk RAID 1
3-disk RAID 5
3-disk RAID 5
4-disk RAID 5
4-disk RAID 10
4-disk RAID 5
4-disk RAID 10
4-disk RAID 5
4-disk RAID 10
5-disk RAID 5
6-disk RAID 5
Visit our Online Support for additional information on RAID type combinations for each
I/O controller hub.
Creating additional volumes on a new array:
134 User Guide

You can choose to create two or more volumes on two different arrays, as long as the
volume requirements are met.
4. Select 'No' in order to add a volume to a new array.
5. Select the required number of disks.
6. Select the disk from which you want to keep data, if desired. You can only keep
data from one disk. If you want to keep data from more than one disk, you must
back up all valuable data prior to creating a volume.
7. Make any necessary changes in the Advanced section.
8. Review the selected configuration. Click 'Back' or an option in the left pane if you
want to make changes.
10. Click 'Finish' to start the creation process.
Note: Systems with an Intel® RST OROM older than 9.5, will not recognize 2 volumes on a
single array if the Intel® RST Windows* Driver version is 9.5 and newer.
11.4 Managing the Storage System

The 'Manage' area combines the logical and physical view of your storage system. The
area displays detailed information about each element that is part of the storage
system, such as volumes and disks; the storage system view shows how the selected
element relates to others. Each element has its own 'Manage' area which is accessible
by clicking any element displayed in the storage system view under 'Status' or
'Manage'.
The 'Manage' area also provides the actions available for the selected element, such
as renaming a volume or changing the volume type.
Managing Arrays
You must be logged on as an administrator to perform the actions listed in this
section.
You can manage arrays by clicking a selected array in the storage system view under
'Status' or 'Manage'. This allows you to review the properties and access all actions
associated with that array, such as adding a disk or increasing a volume size.
11.4.1.1 Array Properties

An array is a logical grouping of physical SATA disks. The array properties listed below
display to the left of the storage system view under Manage Array and report values
specific to the element selected in the view.
User Guide 135

Parameter Value
Name Reports the name of the array. The array name is automatically
assigned and cannot be changed.
Size Reports the total capacity of the array in megabytes (MB).
Available space Reports the unallocated space on the array that can be used.
Disk data cache Reports whether the data cache is enabled for all array disks.
11.4.1.2 Adding Disk to Array


• A RAID 0 and/or a RAID 5 volume is present,
array disks. You cannot add an external disk to an array that includes internal disks,
and vice versa.
Refer to Connecting a Disk under Managing Disks for more information on installing
SATA disks on your computer.
Warning:
Any existing data on the available disk used to increase the array size will be
permanently deleted. Backup all the data you want to preserve prior to executing this
action.
This action can also be performed from Manage Volume. Refer to the Adding a Disk to
a Volume section for more information.
2. Click 'Add disk'.
4. Click 'Add Disk'. Caution: Once the data migration starts, the operation cannot be
canceled.
effect. Then use Windows* Disk Management to increase the partition size on the
136 User Guide

then in the console tree select Disk Management
11.4.1.3 Adding a Volume

You can add a volume to an existing RAID array by combining different volume types
and their respective benefits. For example, a configuration with RAID 0 and RAID 1 on
two SATA disks provides better data protection than a single RAID 0 and higher
performance than a single RAID 1.
The first RAID volume occupies part of the array, leaving space for the other volume
to be created. After creating the first volume with an array allocation set to less than
100% in the Configure Volume step, you will be able to add a second volume to that
array.
Note: This configuration is only available if the array allocation for the first volume is less
than 100%, and space is available on that array. The application currently supports
an array to include a maximum of two RAID volumes on a single array.
You can also complete this action using the ‘Create’ area.
you want to add a volume. The array properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Create additional volume'.
3. In the 'Create Additional Volume' dialog, type a new name if you want to change
the default name.
4. Select the volume type, and then click 'OK'. Only the volume types available for
the current configuration will display. Refer to the table below for more
information.
5. The page refreshes and the array now displays the additional volume.
Supported RAID volume combinations on a single array:

Combine With
2-disk RAID 1
2-disk RAID 1
3-disk RAID 5
3-disk RAID 5
4-disk RAID 5
4-disk RAID 10
User Guide 137

Combine With
4-disk RAID 5
4-disk RAID 10
4-disk RAID 5
4-disk RAID 10
5-disk RAID 5
6-disk RAID 5
Visit our Online Support for additional information on RAID type combinations for each
I/O controller hub.
11.4.1.4 Increasing Volume Size

You can increase the size of a RAID volume by using the remaining available space on
the array. A minimum of 32 MB must be available for this action to be available.
Hovering over the array name in the storage system view displays the amount of
available space in MB.
After creating a volume with an array allocation set to less than 100% in the
Configure Volume step, you will be able to increase the volume size by the amount of
available space on that array. If two volumes are present on a single array and
capacity expansion is possible, only the space available at the end of the second
volume will be used to increase the volume size.

• A RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5 and/or RAID 10 volume is present,
• The array allocation for the volume is less than 100% and space is available on the
existing array.
Warning:
Increasing the volume size from Manage Array:

1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the array you want to
manage. The array properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Increase size' next to the volume name. If more than one volume is present
on a single array, you will need to increase the size of each volume one at a time.
138 User Guide

3. Click 'Yes' to confirm. Caution: Once the data migration starts, the operation
cannot be canceled.
volumes, or add another partition.
Increasing the volume size from Manage Volume:

1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the volume whose
size you want to increase. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Increase size'.
cannot be canceled.
volumes or add another partition.
11.4.1.5 Enabling Disk Data Cache

Enabling the disk data cache for all SATA disks on the array allows you to enable
cache memory physically present on the disks and use it to speed up data access. This
action is only available from Manage Array because the data cache must be in the
same state across all disks that are part of a single array.
Under Manage Array, the disk data cache is reported as enabled or disabled for all
SATA disks in the array. Under Manage Disk, the disk data cache is reported as
enabled or disabled for a specific disk that is part of that array. The option to change
this setting is only available from Manage Array.
Warning:
Enabling the disk data cache increases the cache size and the amount of cached data
that could be lost in the event of a power failure. The risk can be decreased if your
computer is connected to an uninterruptable power supply (UPS).
manage. The element properties are now displayed on the left.
2. In the Advanced section, click 'Enable' or 'Disable' depending on the option
available.
3. Click 'Yes' to confirm.
4. The page refreshes and now displays the new setting.
Managing Volumes
section.
You can manage existing volumes by clicking a volume in the storage system view
under 'Status' or 'Manage'. This allows you to review the volume properties and access
User Guide 139

all actions associated with that volume, such as renaming, changing type, and
deleting.
11.4.2.1 Volume Properties

A volume is an area of storage on one or more SATA disks used within a RAID array. A
volume is formatted by using a file system and has a drive letter assigned to it. The
volume properties listed below display to the left of the storage system view under
'Manage' and report values specific to the element selected in the view.
RAID volume status table:

Status Description
Normal Indicates that volume data is fully accessible.
Locked Indicates that at least one array disk is locked with a password.
The volume is visible because at least one other array disk is
unlocked. Refer to Unlocking Password-Protected Disks for
instructions on unlocking disks.
Degraded Indicates that one array disk is missing or has failed. A RAID 0
volume cannot be in this state because of the striping
configuration.
Failed • RAID 0 volume: indicates that one or more array disks are
missing or have failed.
• RAID 1 volume: indicates that both array disks are missing or
have failed.
• RAID 5 or 10 volume: indicates that two or more array disks are
missing or have failed.
Incompatible Indicates that the volume was moved to another system that
does not support the volume type and configuration.
Inaccessible Indicates that data on the accelerated volume cannot be

accessed because it is missing, or that the accelerated volume
data is not synchronized with the data on the cache volume.
Unknown Indicates that an unknown error was detected.
Recovery volume status table:

Status Description
Normal Indicates that volume data is fully accessible.
Locked Indicates that at least one array disk is locked with a password.
The volume is visible because at least one other array disk is
unlocked. Refer to Unlocking Password-Protected Disks for
instructions on unlocking disks.
Degraded • The recovery disk has failed, or

• The master disk is missing or has failed and the volume is
running off the recovery disk.
Failed Indicates that both array disks have failed.
Incompatible Indicates that the volume was moved to another system that
does not support the volume type and configuration.
Unknown Indicates that an unknown error was detected.
140 User Guide

Status Description
Power-saving mode Indicates that the computer is running on battery power. If the
volume is in continuous update mode, data updates are paused
and will resume as soon as the computer is reconnected to the
power supply.
Data update needed Indicates that the recovery disk does not have a redundant copy
of the data on the master disk, and you should request an
update.
Running off recovery Indicates that the recovery disk is the designated source drive in
disk the volume.
Master disk read-only Indicates that the recovery disk is the designated source drive in
the volume, and that the master disk files are accessed. In this
state, data recoveries from the recovery disk are not available.
Recovery disk read- Indicates that the recovery disk files are accessed. In this state,
only data updates are not available.
Busy volume states table:

Status Description
Initializing Indicates that data on a volume is being synchronized. This step

is required prior to verifying or verifying and repairing data on a
volume.
Verifying Indicates that the volume is being scanned to detect data

inconsistencies.
Verifying and Indicates that the volume is being scanned to detect data
repairing inconsistencies, and errors are being repaired. This state does
not apply to a RAID 0 volume because errors cannot be repaired.
Migrating data Indicates that data is being reorganized on the volume. This state
displays when a system volume is created, the volume size is
increased, or the type is changed to different RAID configuration.
Rebuilding Indicates that data redundancy is being restored across all disks
associated with the volume. A RAID 0 volume cannot be in this
state because of the striping configuration.
Recovering data Indicates that data on the master disk is being overridden by all
the data on the recovery disk. This state only applies to recovery
volumes.
Updating data Indicates that the latest master disk changes are being copied to
the recovery disk. This state only applies to recovery volumes.
General parameters table:

Parameter Value
Details Provides detailed information if a volume is in a state other than

normal.
Type Reports the volume type.
Acceleration mode Reports the acceleration mode for the disk or volume associated
with the cache device.
User Guide 141

Parameter Value
Size Enhanced: Indicates that the disk or volume is accelerated for

optimized data protection.
Maximized: Indicates that the disk or volume is accelerated for

optimized input/output performance.
None: Indicates that no disk or volume is accelerated.
Busy: Indicates that acceleration is transitioning from maximized

to enhanced mode, or that acceleration is being disabled from
maximized mode. In the event that errors are detected and a risk
of data loss is identified, transitions from maximized mode will
start automatically.
Reports the total capacity of the volume in gigabytes (GB) in the

storage system view and in megabytes (MB) in the volume
properties under Manage Volume.
Data stripe size Reports the size of each logical contiguous data block used in the
volume for RAID 0, 5, and 10 volumes. The strip size is indicated
in kilobytes (KB).
Write-back cache Reports whether the write-back cache feature is enabled for the
volume.
System volume Reports whether the volume contains system files that are
required to start and run the operating system.
Initialized Reports whether the volume is initialized.
Verification errors Reports the number of inconsistencies found during the last
found volume data verification.
Block with media Reports the number of blocks with media errors found during the
errors last volume data verification.
Physical sector size Reports the size of each sector that is physically located on the
disk.
Logical sector size Reports the size of data collection blocks.
Details Provides detailed information if a volume is in a state other than

normal.
11.4.2.2 Renaming a Volume

You can change the name assigned to a volume present in your storage system at any
time. The name change will take effect immediately.
1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the volume that you
want to rename. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Rename'.
3. Type a new volume name, and then click 'OK'.
Note: Volume names are limited to 16 English alphanumeric and special characters including
spaces but cannot include a backslash “\”.
142 User Guide

11.4.2.3 Rebuilding a Volume

When a volume is reported as degraded because of a failed or missing disk, the disk
must be replaced or reconnected and the volume be rebuilt in order to maintain fault-
tolerance. The option to rebuild is only available when a compatible disk is connected,
available and normal. If a spare disk is available, the rebuild process will start
automatically when a disk fails or is missing. For RAID 0 volumes, the rebuild process
will start automatically only when one of its members is reported as at risk.
Warning:
Completing this action will permanently delete existing data on the new disk and make
any other volume on the array inaccessible. We recommend you backup valuable
before continuing.
Rebuilding from ‘Status’ (manually):

1. Verify that the volume is reported as degraded in the Manage subsection. If you
have more than one volume listed in this section, you will need to fix the issues
reported one at a time.
2. Click ‘Rebuild to another disk’ next to the volume you want to rebuild.
3. In the Rebuild Volume dialog, select the disk that will replace the failed disk. Only
compatible disks in a normal state will be displayed. Refer to Volume
Requirements for more information.
4. Click ‘OK’ to confirm.
5. The volume starts rebuilding and the page refreshes displaying the progress of the
operation. You can use other applications during this time, and you will be notified
when the process has successfully completed.
Rebuilding from ‘Manage’ (manually):

6. Under ‘Status’ or ‘Manage’, in the storage system view, click the volume you want
to rebuild. The element properties are now displayed on the left.
7. Click ‘Rebuild to another disk’, and then follow the procedure described above.
11.4.2.4 Recovering Data

Recovering data to the master disk allows you to maintain full data redundancy on the
recovery volume and keep the volume data healthy. This action is only available if a
recovery volume is present and running off the recovery disk.
You may have to recover data if:

• Data on the recovery and master disk is not synchronized and full data redundancy
is at risk.
• Data on the master disk is invalid or inaccessible.
Warning:
Completing the action will override existing data on the master disk and update it with
the data on the recovery disk. Backup all valuable data before continuing.
1. Under 'Status', in the Manage subsection, click 'Recover data' or click the recovery
volume in the storage system view, and then click 'Recover data'.
User Guide 143

3. The recovery operation starts immediately. You can follow the progress by
hovering over the notification area icon or by reviewing the volume status under
'Status' or 'Manage'.
Note: If master disk is removed while the data recovery is in progress and is then
reconnected, the operation will resume automatically from where it stopped as long
as the volume is in on request update mode. If the volume is in continuous update
mode, you will need to restart the operation by following the procedure described
above,
11.4.2.5 Resetting Volume to Normal

This action is only available when a volume is reported as failed, but both array disks
are present and normal, and allows you to access and try recovering healthy volume
data.
In most cases, this situation will occur after one or more array disks was reported as
failed or at risk, and then reset to normal.
Completing this action resets the volume state by ignoring previous events and does
not repair data. Any data loss or corruption that may have occurred as a result of prior
hardware failure or change of state remains. We recommend that you back up
accessible data and replace failed hardware as soon as possible to prevent further
data loss.
1. Under 'Status', in the Manage subsection, click 'Reset volume to normal'. You can
also perform this action from Manage Volume, which is accessible by clicking the
RAID 0 volume in the storage system view.
3. The page refreshes and the volume displays as normal. If the operation failed to
return the volume to a healthy state, visit Intel®'s online support web site for
more options.
11.4.2.6 Changing Volume Type

You can choose to change the type of an existing volume based on your storage
system needs. The following configurations are possible:
Change Type From To
2-disk recovery volume 2-disk RAID 1
Note
Only available if the recovery volume is in continuous update
mode
2-disk RAID 1 2-disk recovery volume
Note
No other volumes can be present on the
system. The RAID 1 volume must be less than
1.3125 TB and include 100% of the available
space on the array

144 User Guide

Change Type From To

4-disk RAID 0 5 or 6-disk RAID 5
Note:
Before starting, refer to the system and volume requirements to determine which
RAID types are supported by your computer and make sure the required number of
SATA disks are connected. The Intel® Chipset provides support for the creation of all
RAID volume types and for up to six SATA ports on a mobile platform. Changing
volume type does not require re-installation of the operating system.
want to modify. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
3. In the 'Change Volume Type' dialog, type a new name if you want to change the
default name.
4. Select the new volume type, and then click 'OK'. Caution: Once the data migration
starts, the operation cannot be canceled.
5. Once the migration has completed, the 'Manage' page refreshes and reports the
new volume type.
Warning:
All applications and existing volume data remain intact, but any existing data on the
disks added to enable this operation will be permanently deleted. Backup data before
adding these disks.
11.4.2.7 Increasing Volume Size

You can increase the size of a RAID volume by using the remaining available space on
the array. A minimum of 32 MB must be available for this action to be available.
Hovering over the array name in the storage system view displays the amount of
available space in MB.
After creating a volume with an array allocation set to less than 100% in the
Configure Volume step, you will be able to increase the volume size by the amount of
available space on that array. If two volumes are present on a single array and
capacity expansion is possible, only the space available at the end of the second
volume will be used to increase the volume size.

• A RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5 and/or RAID 10 volume is present,
• The array allocation for the volume is less than 100% and space is
available on the existing array.
User Guide 145

Warning
Increasing the volume size from Manage Array:

manage. The array properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Increase size' next to the volume name. If more than one volume is present
on a single array, you will need to increase the size of each volume one at a time.
cannot be canceled.
Increasing the volume size from Manage Volume:

1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the volume whose
size you want to increase. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Increase size'.
cannot be canceled.
Note
To open Windows* Disk Manager, click Start, right click My Computer, select Manage,
then in the console tree select Disk Management
11.4.2.8 Adding a Disk to a Volume


• A RAID 0 and/or a RAID 5 volume is present,
array disks. You cannot add an external disk to an array that includes internal disks,
and vice versa. In specific advanced system configurations, this condition may not
apply.
Refer to Connecting a Disk under Managing Disks for more information on installing
SATA disks on your computer.
146 User Guide

Warning:
Any existing data on the available disk used to increase the array size will be
permanently deleted. Backup all the data you want to preserve before completing this
action.
This action can also be performed from Manage Array. Refer to the Adding a Disk to
an Array section for more information.
1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the volume to which
2. Click 'Add disk'.
4. Click 'Add Disk'. Caution: Once the data migration starts, the operation cannot be
canceled.
volumes for which a disk was added, or add another partition.
Note
To open Windows* Disk Manager, click Start, right click My Computer, select Manage,
11.4.2.9 Changing Update Mode

A recovery volume gives you the flexibility to choose between updating data on the
recovery disk continuously or on request.
In continuous update mode, the latest master disk changes are copied to the recovery
disk automatically, as long as both disks are connected to the computer. In on request
mode, the latest master disk changes are copied to the recovery disk only when you
request a data update.
The current update mode is reported in the volume properties under Manage Volume.
By default, the recovery volume is created in continuous update mode.
Note
This action is only available if a recovery volume is present and in normal state. If the
recovery volume is read-only because the master or recovery disk files are accessed,
you will need to hide the files before the update mode can be changed.
1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the recovery volume.
The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click ‘Change mode’, and then click 'Yes' to confirm.
3. The page refreshes and the volume properties report the new update mode.
User Guide 147

11.4.2.10 Updating Data

You can manually copy the latest master disk changes to the recovery disk at any
given time; this action allows you to synchronize data on the recovery volume,
improving data protection and lowering the risk of losing valuable data in the event of
a disk failure. When you request an update, only changes since the last update are
copied.
Note
This action is only available if a recovery volume is present, and in ‘on request’ update
mode.
2. Click ‘Update data’.
3. The update process can be instantaneous or may take a while depending on the
amount of data being copied. You can follow the progress by hovering over the
notification area icon or by reviewing the volume status under 'Status' or
'Manage'.
Note
You can follow the progress of the update by hovering over the notification area icon
or under ‘Status’ or Manage Volume.
11.4.2.11 Accessing Master or Recovery Disk Files

This action is only available if a recovery volume is present, in a normal state, and in
on request update mode.
You can view the recovery or master disk files using Windows* Explorer* depending
on the designated source drive of the recovery volume. This feature can be useful
when a data recovery from or to the master disk is necessary.
Accessing recovery disk files:
This action is only available if the master disk is the designated source drive and the
volume is running off that disk.
2. Click 'Access recovery disk files'.
3. Windows* Explorer opens and displays the files located on the recovery disk.
Accessing master disk files
This action is only available if the recovery disk is the designated source drive and the
2. Click 'Access master disk files'.
3. Windows* Explorer opens and displays the files located on the master disk.
148 User Guide

Note
When files have been accessed, the disk is displayed as missing from the array, and
becomes available. Also, the volume is set to read-only and data updates are not
available in this state. Hiding disk files will make the volume writable and allow data
updates.
You can also access master or recovery disk files from Manage Disk.
11.4.2.12 Hiding Master or Recovery Disk Files

This action is only available if a recovery volume is present and disk files have been
accessed.
When you are done viewing master or recovery disk files, you can hide the display of
the files from Windows* Explorer*. Once the disk files are hidden, the disk becomes
writable, and data updates on the volume are available.
Hiding recovery disk files:
This action is only available if the master disk is the designated source drive and the
2. Click ‘Hide recovery disk files’.
3. The disk files no longer display in Windows* Explorer.
4. The page refreshes and data updates on the volume are now available.
Hiding master disk files:
This action is only available if the recovery disk is the designated source drive and the
2. Click ‘Hide master disk files’.
Note
You can also hide master or recovery disk files from Manage Disk.
11.4.2.13 Deleting a Volume

Use caution: you cannot recover data once a volume is deleted.
When a volume is deleted, you create available space that can be used to create new
volumes. Note that you cannot delete a system volume using this application because
the operating system needs the system files to run correctly. Also, if the volume is a
recovery volume and the master or recovery disk files are accessed, you will need to
hide these files before the volume can be deleted.
User Guide 149

Warning
When a volume is deleted, all existing data on all disks that are a part of the selected
volume is permanently lost. It is recommended to complete a backup of all valuable
data before continuing.
1. Under ‘Status’ or ‘Manage’, in the storage system view, click the volume you want
to delete. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click ‘Delete volume’.
3. Review the warning message and click ‘Yes’ to delete the volume.
11.4.2.14 Setting Data Strip Size
You can assign a data strip size to a volume while creating a new volume or while
changing the type of an existing volume. You cannot change the strip size of an
existing volume without changing its type.
The strip size refers to each logical contiguous data block used in a RAID 0, RAID 5, or
RAID 10 volume. This setting is not available for RAID 1 or recovery volumes, due to
their redundant configuration. The default value is the recommended strip size based
on the system configuration and the volume type selected; changing the pre-selection
is best suited for advanced users.
The following table describes the usage scenarios for the typical strip sizes.
Usage scenarios for supported strip sizes1

Strip Size Description RAID Types
4 KB Best for Web Servers (fast read transfer rate with slow write RAID 0, 10
transfer rate).
8 KB Best for databases (fast read transfer rate with faster write RAID 0, 10
transfer rate than with 4KB strips).
16 KB Good for sequential transfers. RAID 0, 5, 10
32 KB Best for sequential transfers. RAID 0, 5, 10
64 KB Best general purpose strip size. RAID 0, 5, 10
128 KB Best for audio and video editing. RAID 0, 5

1 Disclaimer: The data provided in this table may vary based on the brand, type, size,
and speed of the disks used.
Setting the strip size when creating a volume:

1. Under 'Status', click ‘Create’ or ‘Create a custom volume’.
2. Select the volume type, and then click 'Next'.
3. Make the required disk selection, and then select a new data strip size from the
drop-down list in the Advanced section.
4. Complete the volume creation process as described in the Creation Process topic.
Setting the strip size when changing volume type:
150 User Guide

1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the RAID volume that
you want to modify. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
3. Make the necessary volume type and disk selections, and then select a new data
strip size.
4. Click ‘OK’ to change the type of the existing volume.
5. The ‘Manage’ page refreshes and reports the new volume configuration.
Available Strip Size Configurations:

RAID 0 RAID 5 RAID 10
Default
SATA disks 128 KB 64 KB 64 KB
Solid state disks 16 KB 128 KB 16 KB
Options 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, 64 16 KB, 32 KB, 64 KB, 128 KB. 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB,
KB, 128 KB. 64 KB.
11.4.2.15 Enabling Volume Write-back Cache

You can improve the read/write performance of a RAID or recovery volume by
enabling the write-back cache on one or all volumes on an array. When this feature is
enabled, data may be temporarily stored in the cache memory before being written to
the physical disks. Multiple I/O requests may be grouped together to improve
performance. By default, the write-back cache is disabled.
Warning:
While this feature highly improves the volume and array performance, it also
increases the amount of cached data that could be lost in the event of a power failure.
This risk can be lowered if your computer is connected to an uninterruptable power
supply (UPS)
Enabling the volume write-back cache:

1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the volume for which
you want to enable the write-back cache. The volume properties are now
2. In the Advanced section, click 'Enable', and then click 'Yes' to confirm.
3. The page refreshes and the write-back cache is now enabled.
Note
If your computer is running on battery and a recovery volume is present, the option to
enable the write-back cache is not available because the recovery disk is offline and
data updates are not available. If this feature was enabled prior to running the
battery, write-back cache activity would be temporarily disabled until you reconnect
your computer to the power supply.
Disabling the volume write-back cache:

1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click the volume for which
you want to disable the write-back cache. The volume properties are now
2. In the Advanced section, click 'Disable', and then click 'Yes' to confirm.
3. The page refreshes and the write-back cache is now disabled.
User Guide 151

11.4.2.16 Initializing a Volume

Initializing a volume is the process of synchronizing all redundant data on a volume
prior to verifying or verifying and repairing that data. If you attempt to start a
verification process for a volume that has not been initialized, you will be prompted to
do so.
Initializing a volume:
want to initialize. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Initialize'.
3. Click 'OK' to start the initialization process. Caution: Once the data migration
starts, the operation cannot be canceled.
Initializing a volume when verifying data:

want to verify. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Verify'.
3. When prompted to initialize the volume before verifying data, click 'OK' to start
the initialization process. Caution: Once the data migration starts, the operation
cannot be canceled.
4. Once complete, click 'Verify' to start the verification process.
Note
While inititialization is in progress, you can view the status in the notifications area by
hovering over the Intel®(R) Rapid Storage Technology icon, or in the application
under Staus or Manage Volume.
Warning
The initializating process could take a while depending on the number and size of the
disks. You can continue using array disks and other applications during this time.
Closing the application, or powering off and restarting your computer will not disrupt
the progress of this operation.
11.4.2.17 Verifying and Repairing Data

You can verify data on an existing volume by identifying and repairing inconsistencies.
Running this operation on a regular basis helps you keep valuable data and the overall
storage system healthy.
want to verify. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Verify'.
3. Select the check box if you want errors found to be repaired automatically during
the verification process.
4. Click 'OK' to start the verification process.
152 User Guide

Note
Data on a volume cannot be verified and repaired unless the volume has been
initialized first. If you attempt to start a verification process for a volume that is not
initialized, you will be prompted to first initialize the volume. Based on its
configuration, a RAID 0 volume cannot be repaired because of the lack of redundancy.
11.4.2.18 Swapping Disks
You can change the order of designation for array disks in a recovery volume by
setting the master disk as the destination drive and the recovery disk as the source
drive. This action is best suited for advanced users.
Note
This action is only available if a recovery volume is present, normal, and in continuous
update mode.
Swapping disks can be useful if:

• You selected the wrong disk as the master disk when you created the recovery
volume,
• You think one of the disks is failing,
• You replaced the recovery disk with a faster, newer disk, and want to run off that
device once it has been updated.
2. In the Advanced section, click 'Swap master and recovery disks'.
3. Click ‘Yes’ to confirm.
4. Hover over each disk in the storage system view to review their new usage.
Managing Disks
section.
You can manage disks by clicking a selected disk in the storage system view under
'Status' or 'Manage'. This allows you to review the properties and access all actions
associated with that disk, such as unlocking a password-protected disk or marking a
disk as spare. Depending on their usage or status, some actions may not be available.
11.4.3.1 Disk Properties

The disk properties listed below display to the left of the storage system view under
'Manage' and report values such as usage and status that are specific to the disk
selected in the view. Based on the detailed information provided, you can make
changes to the way each disk is configured or take action on one or more disk to keep
your overall storage system healthy.
User Guide 153

Parameter Value
Port Reports the port number to which the disk or device is attached.
Port location Reports whether the port is internal or external.
Usage Array disk: a disk that has been grouped with other disks to form an array
containing RAID volumes.
Master disk: the disk that is the designated source drive in a recovery volume.
Recovery disk: the disk that is the designated destination drive in a recovery
volume.
Spare: the disk has been designated as the destination drive for automatic
volume rebuilds in the event of a failed, missing or at risk array disk. For RAID
0 volumes, automatic rebuilds will only occur when one of its array disks is
reported as at risk.
Available: the disk is physically connected to the computer, healthy, and

available to be used in an array or as a spare disk.
Warning
Assigning an available disk to an array or marking it as a spare will permanently
delete any existing data on that disk.
Unknown: the disk is available but contains metadata that cannot be displayed in
the operating system. Even though the disk is reported as normal, you will need
to clear and reset the disk to make the disk available.
Acceleration mode Reports the acceleration mode for the disk or volume associated with the cache
device.
Enhanced: Indicates that the disk or volume is accelerated for optimized data
protection.
Maximized: Indicates that the disk or volume is accelerated for optimized

input/output performance.
None: Indicates that no disk or volume is accelerated.
Busy: Indicates that acceleration is transitioning from maximized to enhanced

mode, or that acceleration is being disabled from maximized mode. In the event
that errors are detected and a risk of data loss is identified, transitions from
maximized mode will start automatically.
Status Normal: the disk is present, functioning as expected, and unlocked.
Locked: the disk is password-protected. Note: if a volume includes at least one

locked disk, the volume will display as locked.
At risk: an impending error condition was detected on the disk and it is now at
risk of failure.
Missing: the disk is not present or physically connected to the computer.
Failed: the disk has failed to properly complete read and write operations in a
timely manner, and it has exceeded its recoverable error threshold.
Offline: indicates that an array disk is locked, that the recovery volume is in on
request update mode, or that your computer is running on battery and data
updates to the recovery volume are not available.
154 User Guide

Parameter Value
Size Reports the total capacity of the disk in megabytes (MB) in the disk properties
and in gigabytes (GB) in the storage system view.
Serial number Reports the manufacturer's serial number for the disk.
Model Reports the model number of the disk.
Firmware Reports the version of the firmware found in the disk.
System disk Reports whether the disk contains system files that are required to start and run
the operating system.
Password protected Reports whether the disk is protected with a password.
Disk data cache Reports whether the data cache is enabled on this disk. This feature is controlled
at the array level.
Native command queuing Reports whether the disk supports this feature.
SATA transfer rate Reports the data transfer rate between the SATA controller and the SATA disk.
The supported rates are:
• SATA 1.5 Gb/s (generation 1)

• SATA 3 Gb/s (generation 2)
The data transfer rate reported is based on the Intel® Chipset and SATA disks
present in your system.
Physical sector size Reports the size of physical sectors on the disk (bytes).
Logical sector size Reports the size of logical sectors on the disk (bytes).
11.4.3.2 Unlocking Password-Protected Disks1

You can unlock a password-protected disk by entering the password which allows you
to access data or use that disk to create a volume. The password is setup through the
system BIOS. Locked disks can be identified with the lock icon appended to them and
display a ‘Locked’ status in the disk properties.
11.4.3.3 Marking a Disk as Spare

This action is only available for non-system disks in a normal state. Also, unless your
mobile computer is equipped with the Intel® 5 Series Chipset or later, which provides
support for up to six SATA ports, you will not be able to mark a disk as a spare. Most
mobile computers are limited to one internal and one external disk, which are used to
create the volume.
Marking a disk as a spare allows you to designate an available SATA disk as the
default destination for automatic volume rebuilds in the event of a failed, missing or at
risk array disk. However, for RAID 0 volumes, automatic rebuilds will only occur if one
of its members is reported at risk.
User Guide 155

want to mark as a spare. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Mark as spare'.
3. Click 'OK'.
Note
RAID 1, 5, 10, and recovery volumes can use one or more spares.
Warning
When marking a disk as a spare, any existing data on that disk is permanently
deleted. Back up all data you want to preserve before starting this action.
Note: 1If your system is running a version of the Intel® RST OROM that does not support
disks that are 2TB or larger, you can reset such a disk to available, but disallow the
marking of it as a spare.
11.4.3.4 Resetting a Disk to Available

After a disk was marked as spare, you can choose to make that spare disk available
again and use it differently. Once available, the disk can be used to create a volume or
be added to an existing volume if all other requirements are met.
want to reset to available. The volume properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Reset to available'.
3. The page refreshes and the disk usage is now reported as available.
11.4.3.5 Resetting a Disk to Normal

You can reset a SATA disk to normal when the storage system reports one of the
following disk statuses:
At risk:
A disk is reported at increased risk of failing in the near future that could be due to a
slow degradation over time. You can choose to ignore this alert at this time by
resetting the disk to normal, but it may re-appear if the disk continues to assert this
condition. We recommend that you contact the manufacturer for more information to
prevent potential data loss.
Failed:
A SATA disk has failed to properly complete read and write operations in a timely
manner, and data may be lost. We recommend that you replace the failed disk as
soon as possible to return the overall storage system to normal. In this state, data
may be lost, but you can try resetting the disk to normal and attempt a data recovery.
If the disk operations continue to fail, the disk will return to a failed state immediately.
If the failed disk is an array disk, refer to the Troubleshooting section for guidelines on
rebuilding a failed or degraded volume.
156 User Guide

1. Under ‘Status’, in the Manage subsection, locate the disk reported as at risk or
failed. You can also perform this action from Manage Disk, which is accessible by
clicking the disk in the storage system view.
2. Click 'Reset disk to normal'. The page refreshes instantly, returning to a normal
state.
Note
Completing this action clears the event on the disk and does not delete existing data.
However, ignoring early warning signs of disk failure may result in data loss.
11.4.3.6 Accessing Disk Files

This action is only available if a recovery volume is present, in a normal state, and is
on request update mode.
This feature allows you to view the files on the designated destination drive in a
recovery volume using Windows* Explorer*. For example, you may want to review the
recovery disk files prior to starting a data recovery in the event that data on the
master disk is inaccessible or corrupted.
When the volume status is normal, the recovery disk is the designated destination
drive and files are accessible. When the volume status is running off the recovery disk,
the master disk is the designated destination drive and files are accessible. You can
review the usage of each disk by hovering over the array disks in the storage system
view or by clicking one of the disks to review its properties under Manage Disk.
1. Under ‘Status’ or ‘Manage’, in the storage system view, click the recovery or the
master disk depending on the volume status. The disk properties are now
2. Click ‘Access files’.
3. Windows* Explorer opens and displays the files located on the disk.
Note
When files have been accessed, the disk is displayed as missing from the array, and
becomes available. Also, the volume is set to read-only and data updates are not
available in this state. Hiding disk files will make the volume writable and allow data
updates.
Warning
Windows* Explorer will not open if the disk does not have any partitions on it.
11.4.3.7 Hiding Disk Files

This action is only available if a recovery volume is present and disk files have been
accessed.
When you are done viewing master or recovery disk files, you can hide the display of
the files from Windows* Explorer*. Once the disk files are hidden, the disk becomes
writable, and data updates on the volume are available.
1. Under ‘Status’ or ‘Manage’, in the storage system view, click the disk whose files
are accessed. The disk properties are now displayed on the left.
User Guide 157

2. Click 'Hide files'.

Note
You can also hide master or recovery disk files from Manage Volume.
11.4.3.8 Connecting a Disk

Installing new hardware is one of the steps you may have to take to keep you storage
system healthy or to extend the life of a computer that is running out of storage
space.
Intel® Rapid Storage Technology provides hot plug support, which is a feature that
allows SATA disks to be removed or inserted while the computer is turned on and the
operating system is running. As an example, hot plugging may be used to replace a
failed external disk.
Our application provides support for SATA 1.5 Gb/s (generation 1), SATA 3 Gb/s
(generation 2), and 6 Gb/s (generation 3) data transfer rates. The rate support
depends on the Intel® Chipset and SATA disks present in your system. Visit our
Online Support for additional information on chipset features and benefits.
Follow these procedures to replace or connect a disk in case you need to power off
your computer:
Replacing a disk:
1. Power off your computer.
2. Replace the disk that reports a problem.
3. Turn your computer back on. If the replaced disk was part of an array, you will
need to follow the procedure provided in the Troubleshooting section based on the
volume state and type.
Note
To install an external disk, plug it into you computer and connect the power cord.
To remove and install an internal disk, you should be comfortable opening your
computer case and connecting cables. Follow the manufacturer’s installation guide to
complete this procedure. If you are replacing the system disk, you will have to re-install
the operating system after you connect the disk because the system disk contains the
files required to start and run your computer.
Installing a new disk (to increase storage space):

1. Power off your computer.
2. Connect the new disk.
3. Turn your computer back on. During the system startup, the application's option
ROM should automatically detect the new disk if it is installed correctly. Once you
open the application, verify under 'Status', in the storage system view, that the
new disk displays. You can then access management options by clicking that disk.
158 User Guide

Managing Ports
A port is a connection point on your computer where you can physically connect a
device, such as a SATA disk or ATAPI device. A port transfers I/O data between the
device and the computer.
If a port is reported as empty in the storage system view, you can use that port to
connect a new device in order to increase the storage system capacity. Currently, the
maximum number of internal ports that can be used to connect devices is six.
The port properties listed below display to the left of the storage system view under
'Manage' and report values specific to the element selected in the view.
Parameter Value
Managing ATAPI Devices

An ATAPI device is a mass storage device with a parallel interface such as a CD-ROM,
DVD/Blu-ray disc, tape drive, or solid-state disk. The ATAPI properties listed below
display to the left of the storage system view under 'Manage' and report values
specific to the selected element.
Parameter Value
Serial number Reports the manufacturer's serial number for the device.
Model Reports the model number of the device.
Firmware Reports the version of the firmware found in the device.
SATA transfer rate Reports the transfer mode between the SATA controller and the ATAPI device. The
typical values for this parameter are:
• SATA 1.5 Gb/s (generation 1)

The data transfer rate reported is based on the Intel® Chipset and SATA disks present in
your system.
Managing Solid-State Hybrid Drives (SSHD)

To increase performance, some hard drive manufactures are now including non-
volatile memory to be used as a data cache on hard drives. These drives are called
Solid-State Hybrid Drives. Hybrid Hinting is a feature by which the Intel® RST driver
will send information to a SSHD, notifying the drive which data would be best to store
in the data cache. There are no extra steps to manage SSHD’s.
User Guide 159

Intel® RST enables Hybrid Hinting when the following minimum requirements are
met:
• SSHD must have a minimum of 8GB of non-volatile cache.
• SSHD must have a maximum of 1TB of non-volatile cache.
This feature also increases the power efficiency of a mobile computer by retaining
stored data and reading data from the cache instead of the SATA disk itself.
11.5 Preferences
System preferences allow you to decide whether you want the notification area icon to
display. In addition, you can select the types of notifications you want to receive, such
as storage system warnings or errors, and be notified of any reported problems while
the application is closed.
Both administrators and standard users can change the notification area settings using
the application or directly from the notification area. Settings changes are applied on a
per user basis, and do not affect other users’ settings.
Showing system notifications:
By default, System preferences are set to show the notification area icon. If you
previously chose to hide the notification area icon, follow these steps to display the
icon again:
1. Under ‘Preferences’, select ‘Show the notification area icon’.
2. Click ‘Apply Changes’. Verify that the icon is now displayed in the notification area.
Hiding system notifications:
Once you hide the notification area icon, the service no longer reports storage system
information, warnings, or errors through the notification area. You will need to use the
application to monitor the health of the storage system. Follow these steps to hide the
notification area icon:
1. Under ‘Preferences’, deselect 'Show the notification area icon'.
2. In the ‘Hide Notification Area Icon’ dialog, click ‘Yes’ to confirm.
3. Verify that the icon is no longer displayed in the notification area.
Selecting system notifications:

1. Under ‘Preferences’, make sure that ‘Show the notification area icon’ is selected.
2. Select the types of notifications you want to receive.
Note
Storage system information provides details on any changes of state other than
warnings or errors, such as new disks being detected or locked.
Storage system warnings report the cause for the overall warning state of the storage
system, such as a degraded RAID volume due to a missing disk.
Storage subsystem errors report the cause for the overall error state of the storage
system, such as a failed volume due to a failed disk.
160 User Guide

§§
User Guide 161

Glossary
12 Glossary
Term Definition
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BOM Bill Of Materials
CD Compact Disc
Term used to define a collection of integrated components required to

Chipset
make a PC function.
Hard drives Physical hard drives attached to a RAID controller
DEVSLP Serial ATA Device Sleep
DOS Disk Operating System
GB Giga-byte
HDD Hard Drive
I/O Input/Output
ICH I/O Controller Hub
ICH9 Intel® 82801IR/DO SATA RAID Controller
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
Information file (.inf) used by Microsoft* operating systems that support

the Plug and Play feature. When installing a driver, this file provides the
INF
OS needed information about driver filenames, driver components, and
supported hardware.
Intel® Option Standard Plug and Play option ROM that provides a pre-operating system
ROM (OROM) user interface for the Intel® RAID implementation.
MB Mega-byte
Term used to describe the movement of data from one configuration or

Migration
usage model to another.
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
A code module built into the System BIOS that provides extended
support for a particular piece of hardware. For this product, the Option
Option ROM
ROM provides boot support for RAID 0/1/5/10 volumes, and provides a
user interface for configuring and managing RAID 0/1/5/10 volumes.
OS Operating System
PATA Parallel ATA
PCH Platform Controller Hub is the new term for Intel® chipsets
PCI Peripheral Components Interconnect
PFW Package for the Web
PIO Programmed Input Output
PnP Plug and Play
162 User Guide

Glossary
Term Definition
Term used to describe the point at which a SATA drive is physically

Port 0..3 connected to the SATA Controller. Port n is the nth of the four available
ports in ICH9 systems, where n=0..3
RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks
A RAID level where data is striped across multiple physical hard drives
RAID 0
(aka striping)
A RAID level where data is mirrored between hard drives to provide data
RAID 1 redundancy
(aka mirroring)
A RAID level where data and parity are stripped across the hard drives
to provide good read/write performance and data redundancy. The
RAID 5
parity is stripped in a rotating sequence (aka Stripping and rotating
parity).
A RAID level where information is striped across a two disk array for
RAID 10 system performance. Each of the drives in the array has a mirror for
fault tolerance. (aka Stripping and mirroring)
A block of capacity allocated from a RAID Array and arranged into a

RAID volume RAID topology. Operating Systems typically interpret a RAID volume as
a physical hard drive.
RAM Random Access Memory. Usually refers to the system’s main memory
ROM Read Only Memory
Intel® RST Intel® Rapid Storage Technology
RTD3 Runtime D3
SATA Serial ATA
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SP# Service Pack (number)
Strip Grouping of data on a single physical hard drive within a RAID volume
SRT Intel® Smart Response Technology
SSD Solid State Drive
SSHD Solid-State Hybrid Drive
The sum of all strips in a horizontal axis across physical hard drives
Stripe
within a RAID volume
UI User Interface
User Guide 163

Glossary
12.1 Glossary
ABCDEFHILMNOPRSUVW
· A
. Accelerated disk or volume
A disk or RAID volume that has its non-volatile cache enabled in either maximized
or enhanced mode.
. Access master or recovery disk files:
Action to view the files located on the master or recovery disk of a recovery volume
using Windows* Explorer*. Selecting this option sets the volume in read-only and
volume updates are not allowed. This action is only available when the recovery
volume is in on request update mode or running off the recovery disk.
. Activate port LED:
Action to locate the port connected to a disk present on the system by activating
the Light Emitting Diode (LED) light.
. AHCI:
An interface specification that allows software to communicate with SATA devices
such as host bus adapters, and enables advanced SATA features such as Native
Command Queuing, native hot plugging, and power management. Advanced Host
Controller Interface (AHCI).
. Array:
An abstraction layer or collection of two or more disks used to manage RAID
volumes existing on a same collection of disks. RAID arrays are not visible to the
operating system.
. At risk:
Status indicative that a disk or device has experienced a SMART event, and that an
impending error condition was detected and the disk or device is now at risk of
failure.
. ATAPI device:
A mass storage device with a parallel interface such as CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-
ROM, Blu-ray Disc, and tape drives. Advanced Technology Attachment Packet
Interface (ATAPI).
· B
. Blocks with media errors:
Number of inconsistencies found during the data verification of a RAID volume. This
feature only applies to the verification process or the verification and repair process.
Bus Protocol Group:
A bus protocol group represents a set of bus protocols with similar performance
characteristic. Bus Protocol Groups are listed here in ascending order of speed:1
1- SATA
2- PCIe*
· C
. Cache
A resource allocation on a storage component used for temporary data operations.
Cache can be allocated in components such as RAM or non-volatile memory.
. Cache device
The selected solid state disk used for cache storage in an SRT configuration.
. Cache volume
The portion of the cache device (a solid state disk) that holds the non-volatile cache
data in an SRT configuration. That portion is configured into a single-disk RAID-0
volume.
. Change volume type:
Action to change the volume from one RAID configuration to another, and move
data from one RAID volume to another. A RAID 1 volume can also be converted to
a recovery volume, and vice versa.
. Continuous update mode:
Update mode assigned to a recovery volume, where data on the master disk is
copied to the recovery disk automatically, as long as both disks are connected to
the system.
· D
. Data stripe size:
164 User Guide

Glossary
Size of a grouping of data on a single physical disk within a RAID volume. Reported
in kilobytes (KB).
. Data volume
The portion of extra space on the cache device (a solid state disk) that can be used
for data storage. That portion is configured into a single-disk RAID-0 volume.
. Degraded:
Volume status indicative that one member has failed or is missing. This status only
applies to recovery, RAID 1, RAID 5, and RAID 10 volumes.
. Disassociating a cache
The action of removing the association between the non-volatile cache and the
accelerated disk or volume.
. Disk data cache:
A cache memory within a hard drive that temporarily stores frequently used data
sectors for faster access. As a result, overall hard drive performance is improved.
. Disk:
A hard or floppy disk. Also known as hard drive or hard disk drive.
· E
. E-mail notification:
Alert mechanism that allows the user to receive storage system information,
warning, and error notifications by e-mail via SMTP. By default, this feature is
disabled and requires configuration settings such as the SMTP host and e-mail
addresses to be set up.
. Enhanced Mode
An acceleration mode that uses write-through, non-volatile cache to improve
performance. The mode also is known as “separation safe” because all host-write
requests are written to the accelerated disk or volume and possibly to the non-
volatile cache.
· F
. Failed:
Volume and disk status indicative that one or more array members are missing or
have failed.
. Firmware:
Permanent instructions and data programmed directly into the read-only memory
(ROM) for controlling the operation of the computer. Firmware usually requires
updates to fix defects or add features to the hardware.
· H
. Hide master or recovery disk files:
Action to close the display of files located on a master or recovery disk in a recovery
volume after viewing them in Windows* Explorer*. This option is only available
when ‘Access recovery disk files’ or ’Access master disk files’ was previously
selected. Once disk files are hidden, volume updates can resume.
. Hot plug:
Action to remove or insert a SATA disk when the system is powered on.
· I
. Increase volume size:
Action to expand the data storage capacity of a volume by utilizing the available
array space on a RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, or RAID 10 volume.
. Initialize:
Process of synchronizing all redundant data on a volume prior to creating a volume,
verifying and repairing data, or changing volume type. Initialization is still required
for non-redundant volumes such as RAID 0 to ensure that data is readable before
starting the verification process.
. Intel® Rapid Recover Technology:
Official name for Intel®’s technology that allows the user to copy data from a
master disk (source) to a recovery disk (destination) either continuously or on
request.
. Intel® Rapid Storage Technology:
Official name for Intel®'s Windows-based software to provide support for high-
performance, fault-tolerant, and capacity SATA RAID arrays on select supported
chipsets. Intel® Rapid Storage Technology also provides support for Intel® Rapid
User Guide 165

Glossary
Recover Technology, AHCI Native Command Queuing, and matrix RAID for two
RAID volumes on a single array.
· L
. Locked:
Volume and disk status indicative that the data is protected with a password and
cannot be accessed until disks are unlocked.
· M
. Mark as spare:
Action to designate an available and compatible SATA disk as the default
destination for automatic rebuilds in the event that an array member fails or is
missing.
. Master disk:
The disk that is the designated source drive in a recovery volume.
. Maximized Mode
An acceleration mode that uses write-back, non-volatile cache to improve
performance better than the enhanced Mode. This mode is optimized for
input/output performance and power savings.
Memory Group
A memory group represents a set of backend storage media types with similar
performance characteristics. Memory Groups are listed here in ascending order of
speed:
1- Spindle Device (HDD)
2- NAND Spindle Hybrid Device (SSHD)
3- PCH SATA NAND Device (SSD)
4- PCIe* NAND Device (SSD)
. Migrating:
Volume status indicative that data is being moved/transferred across selected
storage devices due to a change request in the storage system configuration, such
as changing volume type, creating a volume preserving existing data, increasing
the volume capacity, or changing data stripe size.
· N
. Native Command Queuing:
Command protocol in SATA that allows multiple commands to be outstanding within
a disk at the same time. The commands are dynamically reordered to increase disk
performance.
. Normal:
Volume, disk, and device status indicative that they are in a healthy state,
functioning as expected, disks are properly connected, and data is fully accessible.
· O
. Offline:
Disk status indicative that an array disk is locked (the volume status displays as
locked), that the recovery volume is in on request update mode, or that your
computer is running on battery and data updates to the recovery volume are not
available.
. On request update mode:
Update mode assigned to a recovery volume, where data on the master disk is
copied to the recovery disk when the user requests it. Only changes since the last
update process are saved to the recovery disk.
. Option ROM:
Firmware that is called by the system BIOS in order to communicate and provide
support for a hardware device. For this product, the option ROM provides boot
support for RAID volumes as well as a user interface for configuring and managing
RAID volumes. Also known as OROM.
· P
. PCIe* Storage Device:
A storage device that connects to the PCIe* bus. PCIe* devices can contain either
an
AHCI or NVMe* communication controller.
Port:
An internal or external data connection of a computer (e.g., SATA controller) to
which a peripheral device (e.g., SATA disk) can be attached.
· R
166 User Guide

Glossary
. RAID 0:
A RAID type or configuration where data is striped across multiple physical disks.
Data is split into manageable blocks called strips across array members. Striping
does not create data redundancy but improves read/write performance.
. RAID 1:
A RAID type or configuration where data is mirrored across a second physical disk
in the array. Mirroring is a key feature that ensures real-time data redundancy and
increased fault tolerance. There is no striping.
. RAID 10:
A RAID type or configuration that uses four disks to create a combination of RAID
type 0 and 1. The data is striped across a two-disk array forming a RAID 0
component. Each of the disks in the RAID 0 array is mirrored by a disk in the RAID
1 array.
. RAID 5:
A RAID type or configuration where data and parity are striped into manageable
blocks called strips across three or more physical disks. This type is a preferred
configuration as it combines efficiency, fault-tolerance, and data performance.
. RAID:
Redundant Array of Independent/Inexpensive Disks is a technology used for
computer data storage schemes that divide and/or replicate data among multiple
disks. RAID can be designed to provide increased data reliability or increased I/O
(input/output) performance, or both. A number of standard schemes have evolved
which are referred to as levels or types. Intel® Rapid Storage Technology software
supports RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, and RAID 10 configurations (refer to each RAID
type definition for more information).
. Read-only:
Recovery volume status indicative that the recovery or master disk files are
accessed, allowing files on the disk to be read or copied, but not changed or saved.
. Rebuild:
The process of restoring a recovery, RAID 1, RAID 5, and RAID 10 volume in the
event that a volume disk has failed or is missing. If a spare disk is present and
compatible, the application will automatically use it as a replacement for the failed
disk. An automatic rebuild process will also occur if a RAID 1 member is removed
and then reconnected, in order to re-establish the mirroring. This process does not
apply to RAID 0 volumes.
. Recover data:
The action of retrieving data in the event that a recovery volume has failed due to a
missing or failed master disk. Data from the recovery disk is copied to a new or
healthy master disk, restoring data redundancy. Selecting this option will overwrite
all master disk data with data on the recovery disk.
. Recovery disk:
The disk that is the designated destination drive in a recovery volume.
. Recovery volume:
A two-disk redundant volume that includes a master disk (source) and a recovery
disk (destination) and uses Intel® Rapid Recover Technology. This configuration
provides flexibility of volume data updates and maximum data redundancy.
Remapped:
Remapping hardware in the chipset allows a PCIe* STORAGE DEVICE to appear to
the OS as if it were an extra port on the Chipset's internal AHCI controller rather
than a separate controller on the PCIe* bus
. Repair:
The process of fixing verification errors and blocks with media errors found during
the verification process. This feature is only available for volumes with a normal or
at risk status. A RAID 0 cannot be repaired due to its non-redundant configuration.
. Reset disk to normal:
Action to return a failed or at risk disk to a normal state. We recommend that you
contact the manufacturer for more information to prevent potential data loss.
. Reset to available:
Action to return a disk previously marked as a spare to an available state.
. Reset volume to normal:
User Guide 167

Glossary
Action to return a failed volume where both array disks are present and normal to a
normal state. This feature allows you to access and attempt a recovery of healthy
volume data.
· S
. SATA disk:
A disk with an interface that transmits data using a serial protocol in order to
communicate with the SATA controller.
. SATA transfer rate:
Rate at which the SATA controller and SATA disk communicate with each other.
Transfer rates are important when large contiguous blocks of data are being used,
such as video and image files. Reported in gigabits/seconds (Gb/s).
. SATA:
A successor to ATA and PATA, SATA is a computer bus technology primarily
designed for transfer of data between storage devices such as hard drives or optical
devices, and a computer. Benefits of this technology are: usage of high-speed serial
cables, air cooling to work more efficiently, faster transfers, the ability to remove
devices while operating (hot plugging), enables more reliable operation with tighter
data integrity checks. Also known as Serial Advanced Technology Attachment or
Serial ATA.
. Single-disk RAID 0
A RAID-0 volume that has one (1) disk as its array disk. This is the volume type
used to create the non-volatile cache region on a solid state disk being used for
caching. This volume type creates an OS-visible volume that enables access to
extra space on the solid state disk that is not being used for caching.
. Size:
Reports the total capacity of a physical device such as a SATA disk, a volume, or an
array.
. Storage system:
One or more physical disks or devices that act as a unit for data storage.
. System disk:
A disk that contains system files required to start and run the operating system. By
default, the Windows* operating system files are in the WINDOWS* folder, and the
supporting files are in the WINDOWS\System32 folder.
. System volume:
A volume that refers to the disk(s) volume that contains the hardware-specific files
that are needed to start Windows, such as Ntldr, Boot.ini, and Ntdetect.com, as well
as the Windows* operating system files and supporting files. The system volume
can be the same volume as the boot volume.
· U
. Unknown:
Disk status indicative that its usage could not be determined, due to a possible
incompatibility between this software version and the disk configuration, or a virus.
Also a volume status indicative that the volume is in an unexpected state due to a
configuration error. Data on the volume can no longer be accessed.
. Update mode:
Type of update assigned to a recovery volume. The update mode can be set to
continuous, where master disk changes are automatically saved to the recovery
disk, or set to on request, where updates of the recovery disk can be requested
immediately.
· V
. Verify:
Action of scanning data to detect any types of data damage, disk read errors, and
volume data inconsistencies. As an option, errors found can be corrected on
redundant RAID volumes. This feature is only available for volumes with a normal
or at risk status.
. Volume size:
Amount of data that can be stored on a volume; reported in bytes (B) or %.
. Volume type:
Configuration of a volume which determines how data is stored and managed to
improve read/write performance, increase fault tolerance and/or storage capacity.
. Volume write-back cache:
168 User Guide

Glossary
A cache memory used to enhance the read/write performance of a RAID volume by

grouping multiple I/O requests into fewer requests and by writing from the cache to
the volume at defined intervals.
. Volume:
A fixed amount of space across a RAID array that is structured to emulate a single
physical hard drive and appears as such to the operating system. Volumes have
drive letters assigned to them and some volumes can span multiple hard disks.
· W
. Windows* Disk Management:
Microsoft* Windows* system utility for managing the disks and partitions or
volumes that they contain. Disk Management allows the initialization of new disks,
volume creation, and formatting. Most disk-related tasks can be performed using
this system utility without shutting down or restarting the computer; most
configuration changes take effect immediately.
. Write-back cache allocation:
Size of the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) that is allocated for write-back
caching on all volumes present on the system. The cache size is set to 16
megabytes (MB) by default.
§§
User Guide 169

Troubleshooting
13 Troubleshooting
This chapter explains how to resolve the most common problems that may occur while
using the application. If you have any questions regarding installing, using or
maintaining this product, you can also visit Intel®'s online support site which provides
you with self-help resources and electronic problem submission.
13.1 Failed Volumes

RAID 0
A RAID 0 volume is reported as failed when one of its members is disconnected or has failed. In
both cases, the volume and its data are no longer accessible.
Cause Solution
Missing array disk Follow this procedure to recover data:

1. Power off your computer and reconnect the missing disk.
2. Turn on your computer. During the system startup, the volume
status will display as 'Normal' in the Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology option ROM user interface.
3. Once the operating system is running, open Intel® Rapid
Storage Technology from the Start menu or click the Intel®
Rapid Storage Technology notification area icon.
4. Under 'Status', verify that the volume and disks status display
as 'Normal'. You can also review this information under
'Manage'.
Failed array disk In most cases, the volume cannot be recovered and any data on the
volume is lost. However, before deleting the volume, you can try
resetting the disks to normal, and then attempt a data recovery. If the
read/write data access consistently fails, the disk will likely return to a
failed state immediately. Refer to Troubleshooting Disk Events for
instructions on resetting a disk to normal.
This procedure deletes the failed volume:
1. Power off your computer and replace the failed SATA disk with a
new one that is of equal or greater capacity.
2. Turn on your computer. During the system startup, the volume
status will display as 'Failed' in the Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology option ROM user interface.
3. Press Ctrl-I to access the main menu of the option ROM user
interface.
4. Select Delete RAID Volume from the main menu.
5. From the Delete Volume menu, select the failed RAID volume,
using the up and down arrow keys.
6. Press the 'Delete' key to delete the volume, then 'Y' to confirm.
7. Create a new RAID 0 volume using the new disk. If the failed
disk was part of the system volume, you will also need to
reinstall the operating system.
170 User Guide

Troubleshooting
RAID 5
A RAID 5 volume is reported as failed when two or more of its members have failed.
Cause Solution
Two or more array In most cases, the volume cannot be recovered and any data on the
disks failed volume is lost. However, before deleting the volume, you can try
1. Power off your computer and replace the failed SATA disks
with new ones that are of equal or greater capacity.
2. Turn on your computer. During the system startup, the
volume status will display as 'Failed' in the Intel® Rapid
Storage Technology option ROM user interface.
interface.
6. Press the 'Delete' key to delete the volume, then 'Y' to
confirm.
7. Create a new RAID 5 volume using the new disks. If the failed
disk was part of the system volume, you will also need to
reinstall the operating system.
User Guide 171

Troubleshooting
RAID 10
A RAID 10 volume is reported as failed when two adjacent members are disconnected or have
failed, or when three or four of its members are disconnected or have failed.
Cause Solution
Two adjacent array 1. Power off your computer and reconnect the missing disks.
disks missing 2. The rebuild operation will start automatically. You can follow
the progress by hovering over the notification area icon or by
reviewing the volume status under 'Status' or 'Manage'.
Three or four array In most cases, the volume cannot be recovered and any data on the
disks missing volume is lost. This procedure deletes the failed volume:
1. Power off your computer and reconnect the missing disks.
interface.
confirm.
7. Create a new RAID 10 volume using the new disks.
8. You will then need to reinstall the operating system on the
new volume.
Two or more array In most cases, the volume cannot be recovered and any data on the
disks failed volume is lost. However, before deleting the volume, you can try
1. Power off your computer and replace the failed SATA disks
with new ones that are of equal or greater capacity.
interface.
confirm.
7. Create a new RAID 10 volume using the new disks.
8. You will then need to reinstall the operating system on the
new volume.
172 User Guide

Troubleshooting
13.2 Degraded Volumes

Recovery Volume
A recovery volume is reported as degraded when the recovery disk has failed or when the
master disk is disconnected or has failed. Data mirroring and redundancy are lost because the
system can only use the functional member.
Cause Solution
Recovery disk failed We recommend that you rebuild the degraded volume to a new disk to
return the volume and overall storage system status to normal.
However, you can try resetting the disk to normal, but if the
If a SATA disk is compatible, available and normal, follow this
procedure to rebuild the volume:
1. Under 'Status', click 'Rebuild to another disk'.
2. Select the disk you want to use to rebuild the volume, and
then click 'Rebuild'.
3. The rebuild operation starts immediately. You can follow the
progress by hovering over the notification area icon or by
4. Once the operation successfully completed, the recovery disk
and volume status will display as 'Normal'.
5. Once completed, the volume returns to the last update mode
to which it was set before the issue was reported.
NOTE: If there is no available disk present, you will need to power off
your computer and connect a new SATA disk that is equal or
greater capacity than the failed disk. Once your computer is back
up and running you can follow the rebuild procedure described
above.
Master disk missing If you can reconnect the missing master disk, follow this procedure to
recover data:
2. Turn on your computer and the system will automatically boot
from the recovery disk.
3. Under 'Status', in the Manage subsection, click 'Recover data'
or click the recovery volume in the storage system view, and
then click 'Recover data'.
5. The recovery operation starts immediately and cannot be
canceled. You can follow the progress by hovering over the
notification area icon or by reviewing the volume status under
'Status' or 'Manage'.
If you cannot reconnect the missing disk and a SATA disk is available
and normal, follow this procedure to rebuild the volume:
User Guide 173

Troubleshooting

4. Once the operation successfully completed, the master disk
and volume status will display as 'Normal'.
If you cannot reconnect the missing disk or rebuild to an available
disk, you will need to power off the computer and connect a new SATA
disk. Once rebuilt, the recovery volume will be limited to its original
size even if the new disk is larger than the original master disk. Once
your computer is back up and running you can follow the rebuild
procedure described above.
Master disk failed We recommend that you rebuild the degraded volume to a new disk to
However, you can try resetting the disk to normal, but if the
failed state immediately.
1. To reset the failed master disk and the volume to normal,
follow this procedure:
2. Under 'Status', click 'Reset disk to normal'. Note that the
volume is now running off the recovery disk, and that the
master disk is reported as offline.
3. Under 'Status', in the Manage subsection, click 'Recover data'
or click the recovery volume in the storage system view, and
then click 'Recover data'.
Warning
Starting this action will override existing data on the master disk and
update it with the data on the recovery disk. Backup all valuable data
before continuing.
Click 'Yes' to confirm.
The recovery operation starts immediately and cannot be canceled.
You can follow the progress by hovering over the notification area icon
or by reviewing the volume status under 'Status' or 'Manage'.
Once the operation successfully completed, the master disk and
volume status will display as 'Normal'.
Under 'Status', click 'Rebuild to another disk'.
Select the disk you want to use to rebuild the volume, and then click
'Rebuild'.
The rebuild operation starts immediately. You can follow the progress
by hovering over the notification area icon or by reviewing the volume
status under 'Status' or 'Manage'.
Once the operation successfully completed, the master disk and
Once completed, the volume returns to the last update mode to which
it was set before the issue was reported.
Note
174 User Guide

Troubleshooting
If there is no available disk present, you will need to power off your
computer and connect a new SATA disk. Once rebuilt, the recovery
volume will be limited to its original size even if the new disk is larger
than the original master disk. Once your computer is back up and
running you can follow the rebuild procedure described above.
RAID 1
A RAID 1 volume is reported as degraded when one of its members is disconnected or has
failed. Data mirroring and redundancy are lost because the system can only use the functional
member.
RAID 5
failed. When two or more array disks are disconnected or have failed, the volume is reported
as failed.
RAID 10
failed, or when two non-adjacent members are disconnected or have fails. When two or more
array disks are disconnected or have failed, the volume is reported as failed.
Cause Solution
Missing array disk If you can reconnect the missing disk, follow this procedure to rebuild
the volume:
2. Turn on your computer and the rebuild operation will start
automatically.
If you cannot reconnect the missing disk and a SATA disk is available
and normal, follow this procedure to rebuild the volume:
Select the disk you want to use to rebuild the volume, and then click
'Rebuild'.
The rebuild operation starts immediately. You can follow the progress
by hovering over the notification area icon or by reviewing the volume
status under 'Status' or 'Manage'.
Once the operation successfully completed, the array disk and volume
status will display as 'Normal'.
Note:
computer and connect a new SATA disk that is equal or greater
capacity than the failed disk. Once your computer is back up and
Failed array disk We recommend that you rebuild the degraded volume to a new disk to
However, you can try resetting the disk to normal, which will prompt
the volume to start rebuilding automatically. But if the read/write data
access consistently fails, the disk will likely return to a failed state
immediately and you will need to rebuild the volume to another disk.
User Guide 175

Troubleshooting
4. Once the operation successfully completed, the array disk and
Note:
computer and connect a new SATA disk that is equal or greater
capacity than the failed disk. Once your computer is back up and
User switching SATA

Controller Mode
from RST/RAID ->
AHCI -> RST/RAID
13.3 Other Volume States

Locked
Cause Solution
At least one (but In this state, the overall storage system health is still reported as
not all) disk normal, but we recommend that you unlock the disks to make the
included in the volume data fully accessible. Follow this procedure to unlock a disk:
volume is locked 1. Under ‘Status’ or ‘Manage’, in the storage system view, click
with a password. the disk you want to unlock. The disk properties are now
2. Click ‘Unlock’.
3. Enter the password, and then click 'Unlock'.
4. Repeat this procedure for all locked disks included in the
volume in order to unlock the volume.
NOTE: If all the disks included in a volume are locked, the volume is
no longer displayed
176 User Guide

Troubleshooting
Incompatible
Cause Solution
Indicates that the In this situation, volume data is accessible to the operating system
volume was moved and can be backed up, but the volume cannot operate because your
to another system system does not support its RAID configuration.
that does not Here are your options:
support the volume
1. Reconnect the volume to the computer where the volume was
type and
originally created, and continue using it.
configuration.
2. Delete the volume, and then create a new volume with a
RAID configuration that is supported by the current system.
Follow the procedure described above to delete the volume.
Warning
When a volume is deleted, all existing data on the member disks of
the selected volume is permanently erased. It’s recommended that
you backup all valuable data prior to beginning this action.
Unknown
Cause Solution
The volume is in an The application is unable to detect the exact nature of the problem.
unexpected state Try restarting your computer. If the error persists, back up all
due to a valuable data and delete the volume using the option ROM user
configuration error. interface. Refer to the user’s manual accessible from the Online
Support area for details on using the option ROM.
Power-Saving Mode (Recovery Volumes only)
Cause Solution
Your computer is Data mirroring and redundancy are lost, and your data is at risk in the
running on battery event of a disk failure. Reconnect your computer to the power supply,
and the volume is in and the operation that was in progress prior to running on battery will
continuous update resume automatically.
mode. Data updates
NOTE: If a data recovery was in progress, the overall storage
to the recovery disk
subsystem health is reported as degraded because the
or a data recovery
operation are not operation could not be completed.
occurring.
User Guide 177

Troubleshooting
Data Update Needed (Recovery Volumes only)
Cause Solution
The data on the Data mirroring and redundancy are lost, and your data is at risk in the
recovery disk is not event of a disk failure. Follow this procedure to update data on the
synchronized with recovery disk:
the data on the 1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click
master disk. the recovery volume. The volume properties are now
2. Click ‘Update data’.
3. Select the check box if you do not want this confirmation
message to display each time you request an update. Click
‘Yes’ to confirm.
4. The update process can be instantaneous or may take a while
depending on the amount of data being copied. You can
follow the progress by hovering over the notification area
icon or by reviewing the volume status under 'Status' or
'Manage'.
Running Off Recovery Disk (Recovery Volumes only)
Cause Solution
Your computer was Data mirroring and redundancy are lost, and your data is at risk in the
booted from the event of a disk failure. A data recovery from the recovery disk to the
recovery disk using master disk is required to maintain full redundancy.
the option ROM, Warning
and the volume is
Completing this action will overwrite all master disk data with the data
operating from that
disk. With this on the recovery disk. Backup all valuable data prior to starting this
reverse action.
configuration, the 1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click
recovery disk is the the recovery volume. The volume properties are now
designated source displayed on the left.
drive and data 2. Click 'Recover data', then 'OK' to confirm.
updates to the
3. Once complete, we recommend that you restart your
master disk are not
computer from the master disk using the option ROM user
available.
interface to return to a normal state.
178 User Guide

Troubleshooting
Recovery Disk Read-Only (Recovery Volumes Only)
Cause Solution
The recovery disk In this state, any data written to the master disk is not copied to the
files have been recovery disk because it is read-only. Data mirroring and redundancy
accessed and may be lost and we recommend that you hide the recovery files to
display in Windows* resume data updates. Follow this procedure to hide recovery disk files
Explorer*. from Manage Disk or from Manage Volume:
1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click
the recovery volume or the recovery disk. The element
properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Hide Files' from Manage Disk or 'Hide recovery disk
files' from Manage Volume.
3. The Windows* Explorer window closes.
4. You can resume data updates by clicking ‘Update data’ under
Manage Volume. To copy the latest changes to the recovery
disk automatically, change the update mode to continuous
from the same area.
Master Disk Read-Only (Recovery Volumes Only)
Cause Solution
Your computer was Data mirroring and redundancy are lost, and your data is at risk in the
booted from the event of a disk failure. We recommend that you hide the master disk
recovery disk using files when finished with your review, and proceed with a data recovery
the option ROM, to the master disk in order to maintain full redundancy. Follow this
and the volume is procedure to hide master disk files from Manage Disk:
operating from that 1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage system view, click
disk. The master the recovery volume or the master disk. The element
disk files have been properties are now displayed on the left.
accessed and are
2. Click 'Hide Files' from Manage Disk or 'Hide master disk files'
displayed in
from Manage Volume.
Windows*
Explorer*. The Windows* Explorer window closes and the volume is displayed as
running off recovery disk.
Refer to the 'Running off recovery disk' procedure above to recover
data to the master disk.
User Guide 179

Troubleshooting
Missing volume
Cause Solution
A driver upgrade or The driver cannot recognize the volume or read its data if a driver
downgrade was upgrade or downgrade was performed during a volume migration.
performed while a Volume migrations occur after one of the following operations was
data migration was initiated:
in progress. • Creation of a system volume or data volume while preserving data.
• Volume type change combined with disk addition to the new RAID
configuration.
• Volume size increase.
• Disk addition to an existing array.
Troubleshooting a data volume:
If the data migration involved a data volume, you will need to reverse
the driver upgrade or downgrade operation and return to the original
driver version. This will restore driver and volume compatibility.
Once the operation has completed, restart your computer.
Open the application and make sure that the volume displays again in
the storage system view. Data migration operation should resume
immediately.
Troubleshooting a system disk:
If the data migration involved a system disk or volume, it is highly
likely that you will not be able to start your system because the driver
cannot read the system files. The following options may allow you to
load the operating system again:
Restore a known good configuration.
Boot from a flash drive that supports NTFS partitioning and includes
the storage driver files.
Bring the corrupt disk to another system, and then replace the storage
driver files from a compatible driver version. Return the disk to the
original system and try booting.
Troubleshooting a system volume:
If the data migration involved a system disk or volume, it is highly
likely that you will not be able to start your system because the driver
cannot read the system files. The following options may allow you to
load the operating system again:
Restore a known good configuration.
Bring all corrupted array disks to another system, and then replace
the storage driver files from a compatible driver version. Return the
disks to the original system and try booting.
180 User Guide

Troubleshooting
13.4 Disk Events

State Cause Solution
An internal or external In this state, the overall storage system health is

disk is protected and reported as normal, but to make the data fully
locked with a accessible, you will need to follow this procedure
password. to unlock the disk:
Locked 1. Under ‘Status’ or ‘Manage’, in the storage
system view, click the disk you want to
unlock. The disk properties are now
2. Click ‘Unlock’.
3. Enter the password, and then click
'Unlock'.
An impending error The application is detecting early warning signs of

condition was failure with a SATA disk that result from a slow
detected on an degradation over time. When a disk is reported at
internal or external risk, you can reset that disk to normal, but we
disk and is now at risk recommend that you contact the manufacturer for
of failure. more information to prevent potential data loss.
Follow this procedure to reset the disk to normal:
1. Under ‘Status’, in the Manage subsection,
locate the disk reported as at risk. You
can also perform this action from Manage
Disk, which is accessible by clicking the
disk in the storage system view.
At risk 2. Click 'Reset disk to normal'. The page
refreshes instantly, returning to a normal
state.
NOTE: Completing this action clears the event on

the disk and does not delete existing data.
However, ignoring early warning signs of disk
failure may result in data loss.
NOTE: If the disk reported at risk is included in a
RAID volume and a compatible spare disk is
available, the rebuild process will start
automatically. Once complete, the disk
reported at risk becomes available and you
can reset it to normal to return to a healthy
state.
User Guide 181

Troubleshooting
An unexpected error In this state, it is likely that some or all of the disk
was detected on a data is inaccessible. After backing up any
disk that has RAID accessible data, you will need to clear the
configuration data metadata and reset the disk to return to a normal
(metadata) on it. state.
Warning: Completing this action will permanently
delete existing metadata. Back up any accessible
data before continuing.
locate the disk reported as at risk. You
can also perform this action from Manage
2. Click 'Clear and reset disk', and then click
'Yes' to confirm.
3. Once complete, the page refreshes with
the disk returning to a normal state.
An array disk is not Ensure that the disk is securely connected to the
present or physically SATA port and that the SATA cable is functioning
connected to the properly. If the disk is lost or cannot be
Missing computer. reconnected, you will need to connect a new SATA
disk, and then rebuild the volume to that new
disk. Refer to Degraded or Failed Volumes in this
section for instructions on how to rebuild a
volume.
The recovery or Hide the recovery or master disk files to return the
master disk files have disk status to offline and resume data updates in
been accessed and on request mode.
display in Windows* 1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage
Explorer*. system view, click the recovery volume
or the recovery disk. The element
properties are now displayed on the left.
2. Click 'Hide Files' from Manage Disk or
'Hide recovery disk files' from Manage
Volume.
3. The Windows* Explorer window closes.
182 User Guide

Troubleshooting
An internal or external Back up your data and we recommend that you

disk has failed to replace the disk as soon as possible. If the failed
properly complete disk is an array disk, the volume will be reported
read and write as degraded or failed depending on its
operations in a timely configuration. Refer to Degraded or Failed
manner, and it has Volumes in this section for instructions on
exceeded its resolving the problem.
recoverable error In a failed state, disk data may be lost, but you
threshold. can try resetting the disk to normal, and then
attempt a data recovery. Follow this procedure to
Failed reset the failed disk to normal:
locate the disk reported as failed. You can
also perform this action from Manage
2. Click 'Reset disk to normal'. The page
refreshes instantly, returning to a normal
state.
NOTE: If the failed array disk is part of a
redundant volume, the volume will start
rebuilding automatically as soon as the disk is
reset to normal.
Offline An internal or external We recommend that you unlock the disk to make
array disk is locked the volume data fully accessible. If more than one
and data on that disk array disk is locked, unlock all those disks to
cannot be read. unlock the volume.
The recovery volume Change the volume update mode to continuous.

is in on request 1. Under 'Status' or 'Manage', in the storage
update mode. system view, click the recovery volume.
The volume properties are now displayed
on the left.
2. Click ‘Change mode’, and then click 'Yes'
to confirm.
3. The page refreshes and the volume
properties report the new update mode.
Your computer is Reconnect your computer to the power supply in

running on battery order to return the recovery disk to a normal
and data updates to state.
the recovery disk are
not available as long
as that disk is offline.
User Guide 183

Troubleshooting
13.5 Caching Issues

Cache Volume is Missing
Regardless of what the acceleration mode currently is, cache and volume data is most likely
lost. Devices that are part of the acceleration configuration display in the following states:
• Solid state disk: Inaccessible
• Cache volume: No longer displays
• Data volume (if applicable): No longer displays
• Accelerated volume (if applicable): No longer displays
• Accelerated disk (if applicable): Offline
• Array disks: Offline
Cause
The solid state disk was removed or the disk is present but cannot be detected.
Solution
The application provides the option to clear the metadata on the array disks or previously
accelerated disk and reset these disks to a normal state.
1. Under Status, in the Manage subsection, click ‘Clear and reset’ next to each array
disk reported as offline. You can also perform this action under ‘Manage’ by clicking
any offline disk reported in the storage system view.
The array disk now displays as an available disk in a normal state and can be used to create a
new volume
184 User Guide

Troubleshooting
Cache Volume is Failing
Cause
An impending error condition (e.g., SMART events) was detected on the solid state disk that is
used as a cache device. As a result, both the disk and cache volume are at risk of failure.
Solution
Early warning signs of failure with the solid state disk are detected that result from a slow
degradation over time. When a disk used as a cache device is reported at risk, you can reset
that disk to normal or replace the solid state disk after resetting it to available.
Regardless of which option you choose, we recommend that you contact the manufacturer for
more information to prevent potential data loss.
Current acceleration mode: Enhanced
Follow this procedure to reset the disk to normal:
1. Under ‘Status’, in the Manage subsection, locate the disk reported as at risk. You can
also perform this action from Manage Disk, which is accessible by clicking the failing
2. Click 'Reset disk to normal'. The page refreshes instantly, returning to a normal state.
3. The cache volume should also return to a normal state and caching activity should
resume.
Completing this action clears the event on the disk and does not delete existing data.
However, ignoring early warning signs of disk failure may result in data loss.
Follow this procedure to replace the failing solid state disk:
1. Click ‘Accelerate’, and then click ‘Disable acceleration’.
2. In the dialog, click ‘Yes’ to confirm.
3. The page refreshes and reports the acceleration as disabled.
5. In the dialog, select the check box to confirm that you understand that data on the
cache and data volumes will be deleted.
7. The page refreshes and the storage system displays the solid state disk usage as
available.
8. Power off your computer and replace the failing solid state disk with a healthy one.
9. Power on your computer. You can enable acceleration again in order to resume
caching activity.
Note:
If the last acceleration mode was maximized, that application will automatically transition
acceleration to enhanced mode in order to avoid data loss. While transitioning, the mode will
display as busy and no acceleration actions will be available until the process is complete.
Current acceleration mode: Maximized
1. If a compatible spare is detected, the volume rebuild operation will start
automatically. Once the process is complete, the cache volume will display in a
normal state and caching activity will resume.
2. If no compatible spare is detected, the acceleration mode will automatically transition
to enhanced in order to avoid data loss. You can then follow the procedures
described above to return the solid state disk and cache volume to normal.
User Guide 185

Troubleshooting
Cache Volume has Failed
Cause
The solid-state disk that is used as a cache device has failed to properly complete read and
write operations in a timely manner and it has exceeded its recoverable error threshold. In
this state, both cache and data volumes are reported as failed and acceleration is
automatically disabled.
Solution
Back up any recoverable data and replace the solid- state disk as soon as possible. In a failed
state, disk data may be lost, but you can try recovering it by resetting the disk to normal.
1. In the Manage subsection, under ‘Status’, locate the disk reported as failed.
Alternately, perform this action from Manage Disk, accessible by clicking the disk in
the storage system view.
2. Click 'Reset disk to normal'. The page refreshes instantly, returning to a normal state.
3. If the disk operations continue to fail, the disk will return to a failed state immediately
and should be replaced. Follow this procedure:
4. Click ‘Accelerate’.
6. In the dialog, select the check box to confirm that you understand that data on the
cache and data volumes will be deleted.
The page refreshes and the storage system displays the solid state disk usage as available.
1. Power off your computer and replace the failed solid state disk with an operational
one.
2. Power on your computer. To resume the caching activity, enable acceleration again.
If acceleration was in maximized mode prior to being automatically disabled, the disk or
volume previously associated with the cache will be reported as failed if the data cleaning was
unsuccessful.
If data cleaning was successful, once the mode transition is complete, the accelerated disk or
volume previously associated with the cache will be reported as normal.
186 User Guide

Troubleshooting
Accelerated disk or volume is missing
Cause
The accelerated disk or volume cannot be detected (e.g., the device was moved to another
system) and is reported as inaccessible. Caching activity is no longer occurring.
Solution
If the disk or volume can be reconnected:

1. Power off your computer and reconnect the missing disk or volume.
2. Restart your computer.
3. Once the operating system is running, open the application.
4. Under 'Status', in the Accelerate subsection, verify the accelerated device is properly
reported as well as the acceleration mode. Caching activity should resume
immediately.
If the disk or volume cannot be reconnected, follow this procedure to disassociate the cache
and the missing device:
2. Click ‘Disassociate’.
4. The page refreshes and you can now select another disk or volume to accelerate.
Accelerated Disk or Volume is Reporting an Issue
Cause
• Accelerated disk is reported as being at risk or failed.

• Accelerated volume is reported as degraded or failed.
Solution
Refer to Troubleshooting Disk Events, Failed Volumes, or Degraded Volumes for detailed
procedure on fixing the issue.
If you cannot fix the issue reported on the accelerated disk or volume, follow this procedure to
disassociate the cache and the missing device:
2. Click ‘Disassociate’.
The page refreshes and you can now select another disk or volume to accelerate.
User Guide 187

Troubleshooting
13.6 Software Errors

Message Cause Solution
An unknown error This error may be related to: Restart your computer or try
occurred while running Missing components reinstalling the application.
this application. If the
problem persists, restart Corrupted application
your computer or try Application unable to connect to
reinstalling the the service
application. Application fails to start.
Intel® Rapid Storage The application is launched and If the connection succeeds,
Technology is trying to is attempting to connect to the the application opens and is
connect to the service. service in order to run. fully functional; if the
connection fails, the error
message described above is
displayed. Try starting the
service manually using
Microsoft* Windows*
Services, or follow the
recommended solution listed
above to resolve the
problem.
The Intel® Rapid Storage Your computer was started in Once you are done
Technology service safe mode and the operating troubleshooting application
cannot be started in safe system is running with a limited or driver problems in safe
mode. set of files and drivers. Intel® mode, you will need to exit
Rapid Storage Technology cannot safe mode, restart your
start or run in safe mode. computer, and then let the
operating system start
normally.
The Intel® Rapid Storage
Technology service can now
be started and open the
application.
Multiple users cannot run One or more users are Make sure only one instance
the application at the attempting to open the of the application is running
same time. application while an instance of at a time.
the application is already
running.
An error occurred due to The Intel® Rapid Storage Wait a few moments, then
insufficient resources, Technology driver does not have try performing the action
and the operation could sufficient resources to execute again.
not be completed. Try the request. Another operation
again later. may be in progress and needs to
complete before being able to
handle a new request.
An unknown error An unexpected error occurred Verify that your hardware is

occurred during the during the operation, and the properly connected and try
volume creation process. application cannot identify its recreating the volume.
Try recreating the origin. The volume could not be
volume. created.
188 User Guide

Troubleshooting
Message Cause Solution
An error occurred while An unexpected error occurred Restart the operation. If the
an operation was in during an operation, such as a error persists, try restarting
progress. The operation data migration or a rebuild, and your computer and then the
could not be completed. the application cannot identify its operation.
origin.
An error occurred and The cache memory allocation Follow these steps to
the selected disk or was likely increased to use full accelerate a disk or volume:
volume could not be solid state disk capacity (up to • Restart your computer to
accelerated. Restart your 64 GB) while enabling complete the process of
computer, and then try acceleration. allocating the requested
the operation again. cache size.
• Launch the application.
• Try enabling acceleration
again by clicking 'Enable
acceleration'.
13.7 UI Error Handling

Errors can occur while performing different operations. If an error appears, it will also
contain an error code which can used to identify the error. We can lookup online for
handling the UI error codes. The page contains the error codes along with the
meaning of the error and their possible solutions.
We can refer to the Intel® Website support page in the link below:
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000024113/memory-and-
storage/intel-optane-memory.html
§§
User Guide 189

Intel RST Installation and User Guide

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Intel RST Installation and User Guide

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Intel RST Installation and User Guide

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Intel® Rapid Storage Technology

(Intel® RST) Release with Intel®

Includes Latest 17.x Updates

For the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology Release Version 17.x

Document Number: xxxxxx-001

3 Intel® RST Software ...................................................................................... 12

6 Creating a RAID Volume ................................................................................. 99

xxxxxx 001 • Initial release July 2020

1.1 Purpose and Scope

This document also describes installation procedures, caching acceleration techniques,

Intel® Optane™ Memory Support

Intel® RST Premium Feature Support

2 Intel® Rapid Storage

The RAID 0 volume appears as a single physical hard drive with a

1 The number of drives supported in a RAID 0 array is

The RAID 1 volume appears as a single physical hard drive with a

Because of the parity striping, it is possible to rebuild the data

RAID 5, when enabled with volume write-back cache with

The RAID 10 volume appears as a single physical hard drive with a

NOTE: RAID 10 is currently not supported on Intel® RST PCIe*

2.1.1.1 Typical Usage Model for RAID Levels

RAID 1 RAID1 provides end-users with data redundancy by mirroring data

RAID 10 RAID10 provides end-users with the benefits of RAID 0 (performance)

Supported Operating Systems

3 Intel® RST Software

4 Intel® Optane™ Memory and

4.2 Getting Started

The Intel® Optane™ Memory and Storage Management UI requires the

Understanding the Application

4.2.1.1 Storage System Configuration

Intel® Optane™ Memory:

The ‘Settings’ tab provides a link to enable or disable Optane™ notifications in

4.3 Storage System Status

Storage System View

Overview of SATA disks attached:

An internal PCIe* SSD (NVMe*) or None

4.5 Create Volume

2. Select drives to be included in the volume

3. Create the volume

4. Volume is created and can be seen under manage tab

2. Select drives to be included in the volume

3. Create the volume

4. Volume is created and can be seen under manage tab

2. Select drives to be included in the volume

3. Create the volume

4. Volume is created and can be seen under manage tab

2. Select drives to be included in the volume

3. Volume is created and can be seen under manage tab

4. Volume is created and can be seen under manage tab

4.6 Intel® Optane™ Memory

Actions available to the user are:

Enabling Intel® Optane™ Memory Volume

Category Metric Tool Tip Text

Auto-managed/system files – This portion is not available for

User-Pinned Content – This portion is available for end user

Unused Space – This portion is available for end user pinning.

Disabling Intel® Optane™ Memory Volume

Also, under this tab are two subtabs:

User Pinning of Files/Folders/Applications