REASONING SKILLS

and
APTITUDE TESTS
for Home Learning
Book 8
REASONING SKILLS
and
APTITUDE TESTS
for Home Learning
Book 8
 HOW THIS BOOK WILL HELP YOU

Staying home and practising social distancing are

simple yet decisive ways in which we all contribute to
the epic battle against the Covid-19 pandemic.
School closure is indeed the heavy price students
and teachers have to pay as a result. However, this is
no reason for learning to stop. As a committed
provider of educational content, Viva Education has
taken extraordinary steps to make learning
accessible to every student via online means. We
have released the vast range of online learning
material on VivaDigital.in to learners and educators
for unrestricted use.

Continuing this effort, we are proud to present our

series Reasoning Skills and Aptitude Tests for Home
Learning, classes 1 to 8, which have been specially
compiled for remote learning and teaching.The
content is designed in the self-assessment format
and requires hardly any teacher supervision. We
wish you safety and good health as you hone your
skills with these books.
 1 Analogy and
Classification
INTRODUCTION
An analogy is a comparison between two things. By nature, the two things compared may
be quite different from each other. An analogy looks at complex subjects and simplifies
them through comparison. The simplified or more familiar aspect of an analogy helps the
students to understand the more complex concept. In this type of questions, two objects
related in some way are given and third object is also given with four alternatives. You have
to find out which one of the alternatives bears the same relation with the third objects as
first and second objects are related.
In classification, we classify items into a group on the basis of their common properties.
These items may be numbers, letters, figures, things, places etc. In such type of problems,
some items are given. All these items except one are similar in some manner. A student is
required to identify the odd one out. Now, Let us have a look on some examples discussed
below:

Example 1. Curd : Milk :: Shoe : ?

(a) Jute
(b) Cloth (c) Leather (d) Paper

Explanation: (c): As curd is made from milk, shoe is similarly made from leather.

Example 2.

(a)

(b) (c) (d)

Explanation: (a): As per the first pair of figures, two horizontal lines are cut by two vertical
lines. Similarly, three horizontal lines cut by three vertical lines.

Example 3. Find the odd one out.

(a) Square
(b) Triangle (c) Cube (d) Rectangle

Explanation: (c): Except (c), all are two dimension figures.

1
 Exercise

Direction (Q.1 to 16): Identify the relation between the components of the given pair on
either side of ‘::’. Replace the question mark ‘?’ with the correct option.

1. 1 : 4 :: 9 : ?

(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 12 (d) 20

2. 343 : 512 :: 729 : ?

(a) 900 (b) 1000 (c) 1100 (d) 1200

3. 63 : 9 :: 91 : ?

(a) 11 (b) 13 (c) 17 (d) 19

4. 7 : 49 :: 25 : ?

(a) 5 (b) 125 (c) 625 (d) 925

5. 1 : 16 :: 81 : ?

(a) 146 (b) 256 (c) 343 (d) 729

6. Lion : Flesh :: Cow : ?

(a) Grass (b) Fish (c) Animal (d) Milk

7. Taj Mahal : Agra :: Golden Temple : ?

(a) Agra (b) Lucknow (c) Delhi (d) Amritsar

8. Quarrel : War :: Unhappy : ?

(a) Happy (b) Sad (c) Enjoy (d) Refuse

9. Writer : Pen :: Batsman : ?

(a) Pen (b) Ball (c) Cricket (d) Bat

10. Curd : Milk :: Candle : ?

(a) Light (b) Paper (c) Wax (d) Wood

2
 11.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

12.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

13.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

14.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

3
 15.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

16.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Direction (Q.17 to 28): Find the odd one out in the given series.

17. 303, 743, 945, 724, 532

(a) 303 (b) 724 (c) 945 (d) 532

18. 143, 253, 374, 462, 559

(a) 143 (b) 253 (c) 559 (d) 374

19. 10, 99, 188, 277, 367

(a) 10 (b) 367 (c) 188 (d) 99

20. Physics, Geography, Chemistry, Biology

(a) Geography (b) Physics (c) Chemistry (d) Biology

21. Carrot, Ginger, Tomato, Potato

(a) Ginger (b) Tomato (c) Potato (d) Carrot

22. Cat, Fox, Dog, Rabbit

(a) Cat (b) Fox (c) Dog (d) Rabbit
4
 23.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

24.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

25.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

26.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

27.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

28.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

5
 2 Direction Sense Test

INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we are going to discuss how to solve questions based on the test of direction
sense questions in reasoning. Direction-based questions asked in this chapter are guided
by two principles.
∑ Direction
∑  Distance
The first step for solving the questions using the concept of
‘Directions’ is to understand the direction chart, which has
8 directions. Take a look at the direction chart given alongside.
The first point you need to remember is that each main
direction undergoes a 90° change in direction, e.g. from North to
West/East it will be 90° change. But the change between North and
North-East is only 45°.
Left Right Movement
A person facing north, will face west on taking left turn. Similarly, on taking the right, he
will turn towards east.
A person facing west, on taking left will face south and on
taking right he will turn towards north.
A person facing east, will face north on taking left turn. On
taking the right he will turn towards south.
A person facing south, on taking left will face east. On taking
the right he will turn towards west.
Hence, we can sum up the above points as:
Whenever a person moves to his left side, he will move towards anti- clockwise direction.
Whenever a person moves to his right side, he will move towards clockwise direction.
Note: When a question says moved towards left or right side, we assume that the movement
is at an angle of 90 degrees.
The next important point that needs to be kept in mind is that directions problems generally
quiz you about the minimum distance, distance by air, crow fly distance etc. For the purpose
of solving these questions, we assume all these distances to be along straight lines and
between specified points. We use the concept of Pythagoras theorem to solve the questions.

6
 Concept of Pythagoras Theorem
We’ll use the concept of Pythagoras theorem to solve the questions
on directions to find the distance. c
a
In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to
the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
b
        c2 = a2 + b2
Let’s understand the above discussed concepts with the help of some solved examples.

Example 1. Siddhie starts from a point, walks 2 km towards North, turns towards her
right and walks 2 km, turns right again and walks. In which direction is
she going now?
(a) North
(b) South-East (c) South  (d) West

Explanation: (c):

Now, Siddhie is facing south.

Example 2. Sudhanshu starts from a point A and travels towards north for 8 km. Then,
he turns to his left and travels for 15 km to reach point B. What is the
distance between A and B and direction to which Sudhanshu is facing?
(a) 17 km West (b) 23 km East
(c) 19 km West (d) 21 km East

Explanation: (a): By Pythagoras theorem:

Based on the given information, the path 15 km
travelled by Sudhanshu could be shown as B
alongside.
8 km
Distance between A and B
= 82 +152 = 17 km. A
Sudhanshu faces west at point B.

7
 Exercise
1.
I am facing east. I turn 100° in the clockwise direction and then 145° in the anticlockwise
direction. Which direction am I facing now?
(a) South-East (b) North-East (c) North (d) South
2.
After walking 3 km, Pinky turned right and covered a distance of 2 km, then turned left
and covered a distance a of 5 km. In the end, she was moving towards the north.
In which direction did Pinky started the journey?
(a) North (b) South (c) East (d) West
3. Rashi facing South, she turn right and walk 30 m. Then she turn right again and walk
10 m. Then she turn left and walk 10 m and then turning right walk 30 m. Then she
turn right again and walk 80 m. In which direction is Rashi from the starting point?
(a) North (b) North-West (c) East (d) North-East
4. Raviraj starts from a point A and walk 1 km towards south, turn left and walks 1 km.
Then he turns left again and walk 1 km. Now he is facing
(a) East (b) West (c) North (d) South-West
5. Suraj started from point P and travelled forward 8 km upto point Q, then turned towards
right and travelled 5 km upto point R then turned right and travelled 7 km upto
point S and turned towards right and travelled 5 km upto T. What is the distance
between point T to P?
(a) 1 km (b) 2 km (c) 3 km (d) 4 km
6. Kailash walks 30 m westward, then turns left and walk 30 m. He then again turns left
and walks 30 m. He takes a 450 turn rightwards and walks straight. In which direction
is he walking now?
(a) West (b) South (c) South-East (d) South-West
7. If X is to the north of Y and Z is to the east of Y, in what direction is X with respect
to Z?
(a) North-East (b) North-West (c) South-East (d) South-West
8. Anisha is 50 m South-West of Vinay. Rekha is 50 m south-east of Vinay. Then, Rekha is
in which direction of Anisha?
(a) East (b) West (c) North-East (d) South

9. Akhil walks 10 km towards north. From there, he walks 6 km towards south. Then, he
walks 3 km towards east. How far and in which direction is he with reference to his
starting point?
(a) 5 km West (b) 5 km North-East (c) 7 km East (d) 7 km West
8
 10. Girish walks 20 m towards north. He then turns left and walks 40 m. He again turns
left and walks 20 m. Further, he moves 20 m after turning to the right. How far is
he from his original position?
(a) 30 m (b) 60 m (c) 40 m (d) 80 m
11. A man walks 1 km to east and then he turns to south and walks 5 km. Again he turns
to east and walks 2 km. After this he turns to north and walks 9 km. Now, how far
is he from his starting point?
(a) 3 km (b) 4 km (c) 5 km (d) 7 km
12. If south-east becomes north and west becomes north-east and all the rest directions
are changed in the same manner, then what will be the direction for east?
(a) South-West (b) North-West (c) South-East (d) North-East
13. A cyclist goes 3 km to north and then turning to east, he goes 4 km. Again he turns
to his right and goes 2 km. After this he turns to his right and goes 4 km. How far
is from his starting point?
(a) 4 km (b) 5 km (c) 1 km (d) 3 km
14. A direction pole was situated on the crossing. Due to an accident the pole turned in
such a manner that the pointer which was showing East, started showing South. One
traveller went to wrong direction thinking to the West. In what direction actually
he was travelling?
(a) East (b) North (c) South-West (d) South
15. Vivek started cycling from his house towards North. After covering a distance of
6 km, he turned towards left and covered a distance of 8 km. What is the shortest
distance now from his house?
(a) 4 km (b) 10 km (c) 12 km (d) 14 km
16.
If A×B means A is to the south of B; A+B means A is to the north of B; A%B means A is
to the east of B; A – B means A is to the west of B; then in P%Q+R–S, S is in which
direction with respect to Q?
(a) South-East (b) South-West (c) North-East (d) North-West
17.
Four friends Aditya, Bhawna, Chhavi and Daksh live in the same locality. The house of
Bhawna is in the east of Aditya’s house but in the north of Chhavi’s house. Chhavi’s
house is in the west of Daksh’s house. Daksh’s house is in which direction of Aditya’s
house?
(a) South-East (b) North-East (c) East (d) North
18.
From his house, Yogesh went 10 km to the north. Then he turned west and covered
5 km. Then he turned south and covered 2 km. Finally, turning to the east, he covered
5 km. In which direction is he from his house?
(a) North (b) East (c) West (d) South
9
 19. Ansh rode his bicycle northward, then turned left and rode 1 km and again turned
left and rode 2 km. He found himself 1 km west of his starting point. How far did
he ride northward initially?
(a) 1 km (b) 2 km (c) 3 km (d) 5 km
20. X is 5 m North-West of Y. If Z is 5 m North-East of Y, then Z is in which direction of X?
(a) East (b) West (c) North-West (d) South
21. The length and breadth of a room are 8 m and 6 m, respectively. A cat runs along
all the four walls and finally along a diagonal order to catch a rat. How much total
distance is covered by the cat?
(a) 28 m (b) 35 m (c) 38 m (d) 40 m
22. Some girls are sitting in three rows all facing north such that Nidhi is in the middle
row. Anu is just to the right of Nidhi but in the same row. Aastha is just behind of
Anu while Jyoti is in the north of Nidhi. In which direction of Jyoti is Aastha?
(a) South (b) South-East (c) South-West (d) North-East
23. Pari walked A to B in the West covering a distance of 10 feet. Then she turned to the
right and walked 3 feet. Again she turned to the right and walked 14 feet. How far
is she from A?
(a) 4 feet (b) 14 feet (c) 27 feet (d) 5 feet
24. Ankit started walking in the morning positioning his back towards the sun. After some
time, he turned towards left, then turned towards right and towards the left again.
In which direction is he going now?
(a) North (b) East (c) South (d) West
25. Rimmi goes 6 km towards south-east from her office. Then, she goes 15 km turning to
west. After this, she goes 6 km towards north-west and in the end she goes 11 km
towards east. How far is she from her office?
(a) 4 km (b) 6 km (c) 11 km (d) 15 km
26. A clock shows 8:30. If the minute hand points to west, to what direction will the hour
hand point?
(a) South-West (b) North-West (c) North (d) South-East

10
 Sample Paper-1

1. Bird : Wings :: Car : ?

(a) Driver (b) Petrol (c) Wheel (d) Engine

2. Find the odd one out.

(a) Square (b) Rectangle (c) Triangle (d) Parallelogram

3. If (i) ‘QUO CUI HEER’ means ‘BOY IS GOOD’;

(ii) ‘LAI QUO MEA’ means ‘PINKY IS FAIR’;
(iii) ‘RUO LEV MEA’ means ‘ALL ARE FAIR’;
(iv) ‘SI HAI CUI’ means ‘MOVIE WAS GOOD’;
then which of the following words stands for BOY?
(a) QUO (b) CUI (c) HEER (d) MEA

4. Choose the option figure which closely resembles the mirror image of the figure (X).

(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 

5. Choose the correct water image of the given figure (X).

(a)  (b) 

(c)  (d) 

6.   Aastha says that Aryan’s father’s father is my father. So, what is Aastha’s relation with
Aryan?
(a) Sister (b) Niece (c) Aunt (d) Mother
11
 7. Select the diagram which best illustrates the relationship between Girls, Dancers and
Singers.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

8. Siddhie facing north takes a 120 degree turn in anti-clockwise direction. After that,
she takes a clo ckwise shift of 90 degree. Now she takes a shift of 15 degree to the
anti-clockwise direction. Which direction is Siddhie facing now?
(a) West (b) North-West
(c) South (d) South-West

9. Which of the option figures is exactly embedded in the given figure?

(a)  (b) 
(c) 
(d) 

10. Count the number of squares in the given figure.

(a) 4 (b) 5

(c) 7 (d) 9
11. How many dots lie opposite to the face having three dots, when the given figure is
folded to form a cube?
(a) 2 (b) 5

(c) 6 (d) 4

12. Three different positions of a dice are shown below. How many dots lie opposite
2 dots?

(a) 1 (b) 5

(c) 3 (d) 6

12
 13. Read the following information and answer the question given below.
(i) P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are seven friends and are sitting in a circle facing the centre of
a circle.
(ii) V is second to the left of S and is neighbour of T and U.
(iii) S is not a neighbour of R or T.
(iv) P is neighbour of Q and R.
Which of the following statements is true?

(a) S is between U and P
(b) T is immediate to the right of V
(c) Q is between P and S
(d) U is immediate to the left of V
14. Find out from the options, how the pattern will appear when the transparent sheet is
folded at the dotted line.

(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 

15. A piece of paper is folded and cut as shown below in the figures (X), (Y), and (Z). From
the options given, choose the figure that indicates how it will appear when opened
figure (Z).

(a) (b) (c) (d)

13
 Answers and Explanations
CHAPTER–1
1. (b) : Square of consecutive numbers. 17. (b) : Difference of external digits is the middle digit
2. (b) : Cube of consecutive numbers 7, 8, 9, 10. of number.
3. (b) : Divided by 7. 18. (c) : Sum of external digits is the middle digit of
st
4. (c) : Square of 1 number. number.
5. (b) : 4th power of the first four natural numbers. 19. (b) : Add 89 to get next number of the series.
6. (a) : Lion eats flesh as cow eats grass. 20. (a) : Except (a), all subjects are related to science.
7. (d) : Taj Mahal is situated in Agra as Golden Temple 21. (b) : Except (b), all others grow underground.
is situated in Amritsar. 22. (b) : Except (b), all are pet animals.
8. (b) : As Quarrel is related to War, in the same way, 23. (d) : Both vertical lines are in opposite directions,
Unhappy is related to Sad. except option (d).
9. (d) : As Writer uses Pen for writing in the same way 24. (c) : Except option (c), all circles have diameter.
Batsman uses Bat for Bating.
25. (c) : In option (c) figure, rectangle is present in place
10. (c) : Curd is made from milk as Candle is made from of + sign.
Wax.
26. (c) : Each figure has the same five shapes (star,
11. (a) : As per the first pair of figures, the correct option rectangle, diamond circle and triangle) but only
is (a). option (c) has a five pointed star, while other
12. (c) : Interchange the signs inner and outer. stars are all six pointed.
13. (c) : Figure rotates by 180°. 27. (a) : Options (b), (c) and (d) all have a smiley face,
14. (b) : As per the first pair of figures, the correct option three stars, three hearts and two arrows. It
is (b). doesn’t matter which position the shapes are
15. (a) : Inner figure becomes the outer and outer figure in. Option (a) has only two stars and has four
becomes the inner one. hearts.
16. (d) : Lower figure becomes the upper one and upper 28. (b) : Number of inner figures is equal to the number
figure becomes the lower one. of sides of outer figure except option (b).

CHAPTER–2
1.
(b) : 4.
(c) :

5.
(a) :
2.
(a) :

PT = 8 – 7 = 1 km

6.
(c) :

3.
(d) :

14
 7.
(b) : In rt. ∆ABC, by Pythagoras theorem:

AC2 = 32 + 42
AC2 = 9 + 16
AC2 = 25 = 52
AC = 5 km
8.
(a) :
12. (b) :

9.
(b) : 13. (c) :

In rt. ∆ BAC, by Pythagoras theorem:

BC2 = 32 + 42 ⇒ BC2 = 9 + 16 14. (b) :
BC2 = 25 ⇒ BC2 = 52

BC = 5 km North-East direction from starting point.
10. (b) :

As East becomes south, the pole has turned
11. (c) : through 90° in anticlockwise direction. Hence,
the west will be north.

15. (b) : In rt. ∆ ABC, by Pythagoras theorem:

AC2 = 62 + 82
AC2 = 36 + 64
AC2 = 100 = 102
AC = 10 km

16. (a) : According to P % Q + R – S

S is in the South-East of Q.

15
 17. (a) : Aditya Bhawna 22. (b) :

Chhavi Daksh
Therefore, Daksh’s house is in the South-East
direction of Aditya’s house.

18. (a) :

Aastha is south-east of Jyoti.

23. (d) : In right triangle ADE, by Pythagoras theorem:

19. (b) : AE2 = 32 + 42

AE2 = 9 + 16 =25

AE2 = 52

AE = 5 ft.

24. (c) :

Ansh rode 2 km north initially.

20. (a) :

25. (a) :

21. (c) :

Distance from office = 15 km – 11 km = 4 km

Diagonal of the floor DB = √82 + 62

26. (b) :

= √64 + 36 = √100 = 10 m

Distance covered by cat = 2(8 + 6) + 10

= 28 + 10 = 38 m

16
 SAMPLE PAPER–1

1.
(c) : Bird fly by wings as car run by wheel. 9.
(b) :

2.
(c) : Except triangle all are four sided figure.

3.
(c) : In first and second sentence the common word
is ‘IS’ and common code is ‘QUO’.
In first and fourth sentence the common word

is ‘GOOD’ and common code is CUI.
From first sentence last word ‘BOY’ for code ‘HEER’.
  
4.
(d) : The correct mirror image of figure (X) is in
option figure (d).

5.
(b) : The correct water image of figure (X) is in option

figure (b).
10. (c) :
6.
(c) : Aastha says Aryan’s father’s father is my father.
It means Aastha is sister of his father. So, Aastha
is Aunt of Aryan.
7.
(a) : Some Girls are Dances and some Dancers are
Singer.
The squares composed of two components
each are MGNH, NIOJ and OKPL, i.e. 3 in number.
The squares composed of four components
each are BGHA, GIJH, IKLJ and KDEL, i.e. 4
in number.

Total number of squares in the figure = 3 + 4 = 7

8. (b) : 11. (c) : 6 dots lie opposite to the face having three dots.
12. (b) : From figures (ii) and (iii), we conclude that 1, 6,
3 and 4 dots lie adjacent to 5 dots. Therefore,
2 dots must lie opposite to 5 dots. Conversely,
5 dots must lie opposite to 2 dots.
13. (c) : Q is between P and S.
14. (d) : Transparent sheet after folding look like option
(d) figure.
15. (c) : When figure (Z) opens, the correct figure is in
option (c).

17