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JavaScript Essential Training

1. What does it mean when we say JavaScript is an "object-

oriented" language?
JavaScript is modeled around objects with properties and
methods which can be handled in a modular fashion.
2. What happens to the website and the code when you write code
in the browser console?
Code in the browser console impacts the current browser
instance only. It exists in the console for as long as the window
is open.
3. What is an indicator of someone being a good JavaScript
developer?
They follow standards, invest in learning, use formatting and
linting tools for consistency, and write accessible code.
4. What is the natural environment for JavaScript?
The browser, server environments, and your computer.
5. What is ECMAScript?
The specification describing how browsers should implement
and interpret JavaScript.
6. Where should you develop and test your JavaScript code?
Develop in a code editor, test in as many browsers as you can
get your hands on.
7. Why have command line and automation tools become popular
in JavaScript development?
They simplify complex processes and introduce features to help
developers write better code.
8. When does the browser execute JavaScript?
By default: When the script is encountered. If the script is set to
"async", when the script is fully loaded. If the script is set to
"defer", when the entire HTML page is rendered.
 9. What is the correct markup for adding an external JavaScript file
to an HTML document?
<script src="javascript.js" async></script>
10. What happens when you defer JavaScript?
The browser loads the JavaScript asynchronously when it is
encountered, then waits until all HTML is rendered before
executing the script.
11. JavaScript modules are heavily used in frameworks like
React and Vue. What is the advantage of using modules?
Modules enable modularization of code where individual
functions, components, data objects, and other parts can be
separated into individual files.
12. Given the code below, how do you access the property
named in let propName? ``` let propName = "color"; const
myObject = { ID = 3, color = "pink", propLength = 4, use =
false }; `
Using bracket notation:myObject[propName]
13. In the following object, what is the code in the second line
called?
const myObject = { color: "pink" };
14. Why is the best-practice to place objects inside constants?
So the object isn't accidentally altered or overwritten.

15. Which of the below object property names are not valid?

const myObject = { propName = "property", // line 1

prop-name = "hyphenated", // line 2

3rdProp = "numbered", // line 3

$prop = "dollar", // line 4

%prop = "percentage", // line 5

prop name = "space" // line 6 };

Lines 2, 3, 5, and 6

16. How do you access an object in JavaScript?

Call the object by naming its container.
17. Can an object created from a class be given the same name
as the class?
No: If the class is a constant, this will cause an error. If the class
is not a constant, the new object will overwrite the class.
18. How do you define an object in JavaScript?
Create a variable, give it a name, and assign it an object using
curly brackets:const myObject = { // Properties and methods go
here. };
19. What does the this keyword refer to in a class?
this refers to the current object created from the class.
20. Where do you go to find official documentation and code
examples for standard built in (global) objects?`
The MDN Web Docs for standard built-in objects
21. How do you create a new object from a class?
Using the new keyword, naming the class, and passing the
properties as parameters.
22. What is one advantage to using a class over an object
constructor method?
Classes can be extended.
23. What is the established convention for formatting objects?
All properties and methods are listed on their own separate line.
24. What is the difference between a function and a method?
A function is a stand-alone function. A method is a function
within an object.
25. Can you use arrow functions to create object methods?
 No, object methods must be declared using function expressions
or the method definition shorthand.
26. When creating a class, the prototype methods are added
inside the constructor method.
FALSE

27. How do you declare a JavaScript expression inside a

template literal?
Using a dollar symbol followed by curly brackets:const
myString = `Some text and an ${expression}.`;

28. What does the following code output in the console?

let number = 5; let subtracted = 5-1; console.log("The number before"

+ number + "is" + subtracted + ".");

The number before5is4.

29. What method(s) would you use to check if an element has

a specific ID and if so replace it with a different ID?

the element.hasAttribute() and element.setAttribute() methods.

30. What is the difference in the return from the

element.className and element.classList properties?

element.className returns a string containing all classes

appended to the element. element.classList returns a
DOMTokenList with each class appended to the element.

31. What does the HTML markup of this image element look
like after the following script has executed?

const newImage = document.createElement("img");

newImage.classList.add("feat-img");
newImage.setAttribute("src", "logo.svg");
newImage.setAttribute("alt", "The company logo");
newImage.style.cssText = "display: block";
 <img class="feat-img" src="logo.svg" alt="The company logo"
style="display: block;">

32. What is the value of const target after this code has
executed?

const target = document.querySelectorAll("a");

A node list containing each element object matching the query.

33. What is the value of const target after this code has
executed (assuming there are elements in the DOM with the
class "note")?

const target = document.getElementsByClassName(".note");

An empty array-like HTMLCollection object.

34. The querySelector() and querySelectorAll() methods use

what kind of selectors as their parameter?

A CSS selector string.

35. What happens if you run this code:

const target = document.querySelector(".first-paragraph");

target.style.font-family = "sans-serif";

Uncaught SyntaxError: Invalid left-hand side in assignment"

36. What does the element.classList.toggle() method do?

Adds the specified class if it is not appended to the element,

removes the specified class if it is appended to the element.

37. Where in the HTML document does the new element

appear when you use the document.createElement() method?

Nowhere: The element is created, but has not been added to the
DOM.
38. What is the "DOM"?

DOM is short for "Document Object Model", the document

object the browser creates when it renders an HTML document.

39. How do you add an element created using createElement()

to the DOM?

All these options and more.

40. What does a single equals symbol in JavaScript indicate?

A value is assigned to the named variable.

41. What happens if you use a named variable without first

declaring it using the var, let, or const keywords?

A global var is created with the name and value assignment.

42. What is the value of defaultColor when it is logged in the

console?

var defaultColor = "purple"; function setColor() { if ( defaultColor

=== "purple" ) { let defaultColor = "orange"; } } setColor();
console.log(defaultColor);

"purple"

43. How do you capture the result of a math equation like 42 *

38 in JavaScript?

Create a variable and set it equal to the math equation.

44. In what scenario should you use var instead of let to define
a variable?

When you need a globally scoped reassignable variable

available to all functions and statements.

45. Which statement is true?

 Object properties within a constant can be changed.

46. What is logged in the console after this code is executed?

let sum = 23.95; let tip = "3"; console.log("The total is $" + sum
+ tip + ".");

"The total is $23.953."

47. What is the do the operators (equals symbols) in these

three lines of code signify?

a = b a == b a === b

a = b assigns the value of b to a. a == b tests for equality

between a and b. a === b tests for identical equality between a
and b.

48. Given the array below, how would you access the item
whose value is 7?

var numbers=[4, 7, 3, 5, 2];

numbers[1]

49. What will the numbers array look like when the following
code finishes executing?

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

50. What happens when you add a new array item to a

previously undefined slot?

A new slot is added corresponding to the slot number provided.

51. The first item of an array has the index position 1.

FALSE

52. Arrays can hold a mix of any data type.

 TRUE

53. What will be printed to the console as the following script

is running?

var sqrt = (function(x) { console.log(x*x); })(my_number)

my_number = 5;

This code will error out.

54. In a switch statement, what happens when several of the

switch cases resolve to true?

The switch statement returns the first case that resolves to true,
then stops.

55. What is the new value of myArray after this script

executes?

const myArray = [1, 2, 3, 4] myArray.forEach( (item, index) => {

myArray[index] = ++item; });

[2,3,4,5]

56. What is the difference between the array.forEach() and

array.map() methods?

array.forEach() executes a provided callback function once for

each item in the array. array.map() creates a new array with the
results of executing a provided callback function once for each
item in the original array.

57. Anonymous functions are dangerous because they can be

triggered by accident.

FALSE
58. What logical operator signifies negation (not)?

59. How do you capture a value returned from a function?

The value is returned to where the function was called,

effectively replacing the function call.

60. What is the purpose of the return keyword in this function?

const myFunction = (data, modifier) => { if (data >= 3) { return;

} else { console.log(data + modifier); } }

The return keyword stops the function from executing if the

conditional statement is true.

61. What is meant when we say a function has a callback?

A callback function is a function passed into another function as

an argument, which is then invoked inside the outer function to
complete some kind of routine or action

62. What is logged in the console when the following script

executes:

const number = 10; if (number <= 9) { console.log("<=9"); } else if

( number >= 10 ){ console.log(">=10"); }

">=10"

63. Which of the following options is correct syntax for an

arrow function?

const myFunction = (data) => { console.log(data); };

64. True or false: An arrow function can be used to define an

object method.

FALSE
65. What is logged in the console when this script executes?

const myFunction = (data) => { return; let newData = data + 1;

return newData; } console.log(myFunction(5));

Nothing (undefined)

66. What happens when you assign values to parameters in a

function declaration as exemplified below:

const myFunction = (data = 5, color = "red") => {}

Default values are created for each parameter. If no value is

passed to the function, these values are used.

67. Which answer is a valid example of calling the function

expression defined below?

const myFunction = function(a) {};

myFunction(1);

68. What is the difference between a function expression and a

function declaration?

A function declaration defines a function with the specified

parameters starting with the function keyword. A function
expression expresses a function inside a variable by assigning
the function to the variable.

69. What will the following script print?

function myfunc(x,y) { return(x+y); }

console.log(myfunc(2,myfunc(5,-2)));

70. An event listener can be appended to the window object.

TRUE
71. What goes in place of a and b in this standard event
listener?

element.addEventListener("__a__", "__b__");

a: the event name b: the function to call when the event fires

72. What does 'this' refer to in the following event listener

definition?

myElement.addEventListener(eventName, function(e) {
eventFunction(e,this); });

The element in myElement

73. Why does this return the window object in the following
event listener definition?

myElement.addEventListener(eventName, () => {
console.log(this); });

Arrow functions do not have their own this, so they refer to the
closest defined this which is the window object.

74. Can a value be passed through an event listener to its

callback function?

Yes, by capturing the value in a new function inside the callback

function.

75. When is the resize event triggered?

When the document view is resized.

76. How do you capture the event object in an event listener?

The event object is automatically passed as a parameter to the

callback function. Simply name and use the parameter.

77. If you create several event listeners listening to the same

event, only the last one in the script will work.
 FALSE

78. What is the first troubleshooting step when your

JavaScript is not working as expected?

Look for errors in the browser console.

79. What is the keyboard shortcut to comment out one or more

highlighted lines of code in the code editor?

On Windows: Ctrl+/ On Mac: Cmd+/

80. Java is to JavaScript as _____.

ham is to hamster