DISCOVERING

JOSE RIZAL
• Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda

• born on June 19, 1861, near midnight of Wednesday at Calamba,

Laguna after a painful and difficult labor on the part of his mother,
– to use his own words, “into the valley of tears”.

• He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children – two boys and

nine girls.

• He was baptized three days after his birth in the Catholic church
of Calamba by Rev. Rufino Collantes with Rev. Pedro Casanas as
the sponsor.

• He was named “Jose”, (his nicknamed was Pepe), by his pious

mother in honor of the Christian saint, San Jose (Saint Joseph).

• His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, was the youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado.

• born in Binan, Laguna on May 11, 1818

• an educated farmer having studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila.

• a quiet, serious, frugal man, taller than an average Filipino, with prominent forehead and dark eyes.

• Jose Rizal affectionately called him “a model of fathers”.

• He died in Manila on January 5, 1898.

• His mother, Teodora Alonzo Realonda, was the second child of Lorenzo Alonzo and Brigida de Quintos.

• She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa, a business-minded and well-read woman.

• She was courteous, religious and hardworking.

• She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on

November 8, 1826 and died in Manila on August 16, 1911.
The Mercado– Rizal couple was blessed with 11 children, namely:

1. Saturnina(1850– 1913) – she was theeldest

childand she married Manuel TimoteoHidalgo
of Tanauan,Batangas.

2. Paciano(1851-1930)– he was theonly brother of Jose

• he studied at San Jose College in Manila, became a
farmer and later general
a of the Philippine Revolution
.
• had two children by his mistress
Severina
( Decena).

3. Narcisa(1852-1939)– she married

Antonio Lopez of
Morong, a teacher
and a Musician.
4. Olympia (1855- 5. Lucia (1857-1919) 6. Maria (1859-1945)
1887) – she - she married – she married
married Sylvestre Mariano Herbosa Daniel Faustino
Ubaldo, she died of Calamba. Cruz of Binan,
in 1887 from Laguna.
childbirth.
 7. Jose (1861-1896) – the greatest Filipino hero
and peerless genius.

• He lived with Josephine

Bracken, a pretty Irish from Hong
Kong during his exile in Dapitan.

• He had a son by her, but this baby boy died

a few hours after birth. Rizal named him
“Fr ancisco” after his Father and buried him
in Dapitan.
 8. Concepcion (1862-1865) – she died at the age of 3.

9 . Josefa (1865 - 1945) 10 . Trinidad (1868 - 1951) 11 . Soledad (1870 - 1929)

– she was an – she died as a – she married

epileptic and died spinster and the last Pantaleon Quintero

an old maid. of the family to die. of Calamba .

• Jose Rizal was of mixed racial origin. In his veins flowed the bloods of both East and
West (Chinese, Japanese, Malay and Spanish).

• Rizal’s paternal great-great grandfather was Domingo Lamco, a Chinese merchant, who
married Inez de la Rosa, a Chinese mestiza.

• Lamco’s son, Francisco, Rizals great grandfather, was appointed Municipal Captain of
Binan in 1783.

• Francisco Mercado and his wife Bernarda Monicha had two children:
Juan and Clemente. Juan married Cirila Alejandra, a Chinese mestiza.

• They bore 14 children, one of whom was Francisco, Jose Rizal’s father.

• The family adopted the surname Mercado, complying with the Claveria Decree, which mandated that all Filipinos used Spanish surnames.

• Rizal’s maternal ancestor was Lakandula, last Malayan king of Tondo.

• His maternal great-great grandfather was Eugenio Ursua, who was of Japanese blood and ancestry.

• Jose’s mother Teodora belonged to a clan of gifted men.

• Her brothers Gregorio, Manuel and Jose, were men of unusual talents.

• Her father, Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo, was an engineer who was awarded by Spain with the coveted decoration of “Knight of Grand Order of
Isabela the Catholic”.
 • Her maternal grandfather was Manuel de Quintos, a prominent Manila lawyer.

• Her paternal grandfather, Cipriano Alonzo, was a Capitan of Binan.

• The family adopted the surname Realonda in order to conform with the Claveria Decree.

Some people believe that Rizal is no longer

relevant to the present day because the
circumstances and the tyranny of the times
in which he lived have long since passed.
But we believe
this is wrong. Rizal and his legacy are for all times,
for all ages and for all classes of people. We greatly

believe that we should have a hero in our lives,

 somebody that we should emulate – and there is no
better person to have as hero and to try to emulate
than Rizal.
• Rediscovering the real Jose Rizal will mean looking deeply into his character and personality. Take a close look at some important facts
about him as revealed by Ocampo (2008).

1. His favorite breakfast was hot chocoloate, a cup of rice and sardines or tuyo. For lunch, he usually had rice and
ayungin.

2. He was “kuripot” but not and out-and out “kuripot” because he would set aside money from a weekly food
trip.

3. At time of his Death, he owned nothing in Calamba, although he had a library and some medical instruments
in Hong Kong beyond the reach of the Spaniards.

• His assets were a pair of gold cuff links with little pearls and two amythysts; a gold pin with bee, the pin itself being silver.

• He also had some 35 hectares of land in Dapitan.

4. According to Guillermo Tolentino, who made the best Rizal statues this country has seen, Rizal was about five feet three
inches tall.
• He had a big head, broad shoulders and a developed neck that required stiff collars.

• He has a full 12-inch difference between his chest and waist. His pants length measures 31”.

5. Rizal was buried under the Rizal monument at the Luneta which is a familiar sight to all Filipino.

• Part of Rizal’s instruction before his death in an undated letter to his family written in Fort Santiago before he was shot states:

“Bury me in the ground, place a stone and a cross over it. My name, the
date of my birth and of my death. Nothing more. If later you wish to
surround my grave with a fence, you may do so. No anniversaries”.

• However, none of these instructions were followed except for the construction of a fence around his grave.
6. Rizal will never get elected as elected as President of the Philippines.

• He would not even be elected as barangay captain because would be too serious.

• Since he will never compromise on matters of principle, if Rizal were alive today, he would be shot all over again.

7. Rizal had an unfinished third novel which was an undated manuscript, actually two chapters in Tagalog, entitled “Makamisa”, now found
in the National Library, whch deals with a scene after Mass.
• It describes the superstitious parishioners and a certain cura parroco, Father Agaton, as the main character.
 Rizal’s Photograph

Rizal at 13 Rizal at 18 Rizal at 22 Rizal at 26

Rizal at 27 Rizal at 28 Rizal at 30

Question:

Supposed you went on a fieldtrip to

Calamba , Laguna where you met the living
descendants of Jose Rizal. Think of 5 good
questions that you would like to ask them
in an interview.
Questions should be substantial and
relevant.
THE WORLD AND THE PHILIPPINES
IN RIZAL’S TIME
• Rizal was born and raised in the 19th century
• One cannot fully understand Rizal’s thoughts without understanding the
social and political context of the 19th century.

• Scientists marked the 19th century as the birth of modern life as well as the
birth of many nation states around the world.

• During this era, the glory and power of Spain had warned both in her colonies
and in the world.

• To understand and appreciate the life of Dr. Jose Rizal, it is necessary to learn
the historical conditions of the world and of the Philippines during his time.

After all, heroes are said to be the products of their own settings and the
conditions of their times.
The Philippines During Rizal’s Time
Social System
• Before the Spanish conquest in 1563, Filipino had their own
indigenous culture and their own government.

• Spanish colonizers forced them to accept foreign culture and

Catholicism that they never completely understood.

• They lost their ancestral lands to the colonial masters by way of

the encomienda system.
• granting a person a specified number of natives of a specific community, with
the indigenous leaders in charge of mobilizing the assessed tribute and labor.

• The Spaniards brought the doctrine of “limpieza de

sangre” (referred to those who were considered pure "Old Christians",
without Muslim or Jewish ancestors) into the Philippines,
creating a social ranking among people:
 • Spanish peninsulares and insulares (Spanish-born Spaniard), Spanish mestizos,
town ruling class, native elites, Chinese mestizos and the Indios referring to
the native.
Political System

• Spain governed the Philippines through the Ministry of the Colonies (Ministro
de Ultramar) based in Madrid.
• Governor-general
• headed the central government (appointed by the
King of Spain)

• representative in governmental matters and was the

Vice Royal Patron over religious affairs.

• Alcalde mayor - head to the central government

known as Alcaldia or provincial
government
• Gobernadorcillo - headed the pueblo, composed of the
barangays as the local government unit.
• Cabeza de barangay - headed the smallest political unit
- the barangay (barrio)

• Guardia civil - a company of native police

led by Spanish officers.
• most feared instrument, can arrest at any time
of the day or night of persons denounced by the
friars as filibusteros.

• Royal Audencia was the highest court

headed the judicial system.
Educational System
• The first schools established were parochial schools with the
Spanish missionaries as teachers.
• Fear of God was emphasized and obedience to the friars was
instilled in the minds of the people.
• Indios are reminded that they had low intelligence and that
they were fit only for manual work.

• This indoctrination resulted in a lack of confidence that

developed an inferiority complex among the natives.
• Friars decide what to teach to the children.
• Teacher discrimination against Filipino was present in the
higher levels of learning.
• Friars assigned to implement the education were against the
teaching of Spanish in the colony.
• They believed that knowledge of the language would develop
social and political awareness among the natives and they might
be inspired by the liberal ideas about freedom and
independence.
Frailrocracia

• The unionof thechurch and statewas practiced by

almost absolute monarchial
states

• It spawnedin the colony an invincible government

called“frailrocracia” meaning rule of the friars
.

• From1849 to 1898, 45 governor -generals had been

assigned to the colony and each one of them sought
the counsel of the friars who had been permanently
residing in the country.

• Since the friarswere found in each town, they gradually became the
ruler of that political unit
.

• They becamevery influentialand sopowerfulthat the Spanish civil

authorities, including the
governor-general, feared them.
Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce

• In 1834, Spain, following the economic policy of other

European countries, officially opened Manila to world
commerce.

• From 1834 to 1873, more ports were opened to foreign trading like Sual,
Iloilo, Zamboanga, Cebu and Legazpi stimulating vigorous economic activity
that brought prosperity to some Filipinos, mostly Spanish and Chinese
mestizos.

• As a result, there emerged a new class: the

Filipino middle class.
• They did not only acquire material wealth but also
improve their social standing and influence.
• Consequently, the middle class Filipinos clamored and agitated for social
and political equality and form their children emerged the initial
propagators of the reform movement.
Opening of the Suez
Canal

• Suez Canal an artificial

sea-levelwaterway
in Egypt thatwas opened to international
shipping onNovember 17, 1869 .

• 103miles long, connects the

Mediterranean to
theGulf of Suezand also to the Red Sea and the
Indian Ocean
.

• With the opening of this canal,distance

the of
travel between Europe and the Philippines was
shortenedbringing the country closer to Spain.

• In previous years, a steamer from Barcelona had

to sail around the Cape of Good Hope(rocky headland
thatcanreach Manila of more
on the Atlantic coast)
than three months.

• With this canal, the trip was reduced to only 32

days.
The Secularization Movement

• Since 1565, the religious orderstook possession of

the parishes for conversion of the natives to
Catholicism.

• By the 19th century,many Filipinos had become

secular priests, but the regular priests calledfriar
curates did not want to relinquish their parishes to
the seculars.

• The movement gradually became racial

a and
national conflictwith the friar curates on one
side and the Filipino clergy on the other.
The Democratic Rule of Gov. Gen. Dela Torre
• The political instability in Spain resulted in frequent changes of
Spanish officials in the Philippines caused further confusion and
increased social and political discontent in the country.
• In 1868, a provisional government was set up and the new
government extended to the colonies the reforms they adopted
in Spain.
• These reforms included the grant of universal suffrage and the recognition of
freedom and conscience, the press, association and public assembly.
• General De la Torre was appointed by the provisional government in Spain as
Governor-General of the Philippines in 1869.
• The rule of the first liberal governor-general became significant in the birth of
national consciousness in the 19th century.
• His pro-people governance gave Rizal and other Filipinos a foretaste of a
democratic rule and way of life.
• He put into practice his liberal and democratic way of living a simple life.
• He encouraged freedom and abolished censorship.
• He recognized freedom of speech and of the press which were guaranteed by
the Spanish Constitution. His greatest achievement was the peaceful solution to
the land problem in the province of Cavite.
The Cavite Mutiny and the Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

• Two historical events in the late 19th century that hastened the growth of
nationalism in the minds of Rizal, the reformists and the Filipino people were
the Cavite mutiny and the martyrdom of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora,
popularly known as GOMBURZA.
• The Cavite mutiny was a uprising against the Spaniards in Manila on
January 20, 1872 led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid .
• However if failed due to miscommunication between between Sgt.
Lamadrid and the Filipino soldiers.
• The mutineers thought that soldiers in Manila would join them in a
concerted uprising, the signal being the firing of rockets from the city walls
on that night.
• Unfortunately, what they thought to be the signal was actually a burst of
fireworks in celebration of the feast of Our Lady of Loreto, the patron of
Sampaloc.
• Many Spanish officers were killed by the Filipino soldiers and, as a revenge,
many mutinees were killed, including Lamadrid.

• This unfortunate incident in Cavite became an opportunity

for the Spaniards to implicate the three Filipino priests who
had been campaigning for Filipino rights, particularly the
rights of Filipino priests to become parish priests – the
“Filipinization” of the parishes in the country.
• They magnified the event and made it appear as a “revolt”
against the government.

• The three priests were arrested and charged falsely with treason and mutiny
under a military court. With a farcical trial, a biased court the three priests
were convicted of a crime they did not commit.
• At sunrise of February 17, 1872, Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were
escorted to Luneta and executed by garrote before a vast crowd of Filipinos
and foreigners.
• The execution of GOMBURZA hastened the growth of Filipino nationalism.
• The Filipino people resented the execution of the three priests because they
knew that they were innocent and were executed because they championed
Filipino rights.

• Rizal dedicated his novel “El Filibusterismo” to GOMBURZA to show his

appreciation to their courage, dedication to Filipino rights and sense of
nationalism.
Discontent with Spanish
Institutions

• Spainintroducedobligationof supporting the

Church’s mission of Christianizing the natives
and to contribute to the Spanish King’s welfare.

• These institutions included encomienda

the ,
the polo (forced labor) and the tribute
(tribute).

• These colonial systems became the major

sources of discontent of many natives during
the Spanish period.

• Because of the oppressive nature of these

systems, many revolts and uprising erupted in
various parts of the country which
contributed to the weakening of the Spanish
th
rule in the 19 century.
Union of Church and State

• The Catholic religion became the State religion.

• Under the arrangements between the Pope and the

Spanish King called the “Patronato Real de las
Indias”, civil and church authorities must Christianize the natives in the
colony.

• Civil authorities support the material needs of

the missionaries in building churches and
catechizing the inhabitants.
• The government provided salaries to the Spanish
missionaries and the clergy, technically making
them government officials.

• With vast powers, both spiritual and political, in their hands, the Spanish friars
and the clergy held absolute powers in the colony.
• This attracted the attention of the reformists and illustrados led by Jose Rizal
resulting in a nationalist desire for reforms in the country.
Racial Discrimination

• is a form of social exclusion where people are prevented from having access
to public goods by virtue of their physical traits. It is an abusive behavior of
one race against another.

• Spanish authorities regarded the brown Filipino as an inferior people and

derisively called them “indios” or Indians.
• This racial prejudice against native Filipinos existed in government offices, in
the armed forces, in courts of justice and in high society.

• To prevent that the natives were not inferior people, some talented and
intelligent Filipinos endeavored to excel in their chosen fields.

• Juan Luna excelled in painting, Fr. Jose Burgos in Theology, Jose Rizal by
surpassing the Spanish writers in literary contests and winning fame as a
 physician, man of letters, scholar and scientist, proved
that a brown man could be as great or even greater
than a white man.
• The decline of the Spanish rule in the 19th century and
the popularity of Rizal and his reform agenda were
products of an interplay of various economic, social,
political and cultural forces.

• The revolutions liberal ideas gradually secularized societies in the 19th century
and thereby weakened the influence of religion in peoples mind, especially
the well educated reformists and ilustrados.

• Although the influence of the Catholic church

in the 19th century led by the friars did not
diminish, the liberal and progressive ideas of
Rizal and the reformists already awakened
the nationalist sentiment of the natives that
soon became the catalysts for political
change in the late 19th century.
Education and Achievement of
Jose Rizal
Childhood years in Calamba

• Jose was a frail, sickly and undersized child so he was given the most loving
care by his parents.
• At the age of three he learned the alphabet from his mother, Teodora.
• Between 1865 and 1867, his mother taught him how to read and write.
• She encouraged him to express his ideas and sentiments in verses.

• His father, Francisco, hired Leon Monroy his friend to teach Rizal the
rudiments of Latin.
• Uncle Manuel, his mothers cousin, taught him to love the open air and the
beauty of nature, swimming, fencing and wrestling.
• Uncle Gregorio, instilled Rizal’s mind to love education.
• Uncle Jose, who educated at Calcutta, India encourage him to paint, sketch
and sculpture.
• One of his profound memories was a tale of his mother related to him.
– The fable “Story of the Moth” was about the mother moth warning its
offspring of the danger of fluttering too close to the flame. The little moth
did not heed the advice and was then burned by the flame.
• Rizal would not forget this tale because it gave him the moral lesson that:
if one must succeed, he must take risks and prepare for the worst
consequences. Without courage, there will be no glory.

• At the age of eight, he wrote his first poen entitled “Sa Aking mga
Kababata”. The poen was written in Tagalog and had for its theme “ Love of
One’s Language”
• One of his profound memories was a tale of his mother related to him.
– The fable “Story of the Moth” was about the mother moth warning its
offspring of the danger of fluttering too close to the flame. The little moth
did not heed the advice and was then burned by the flame.

• Rizal would not forget this tale because it gave him the moral lesson that:
if one must succeed, he must take risks and prepare for the worst
consequences. Without courage, there will be no glory.

• At the age of eight, he wrote his first poen entitled “Sa Aking mga
Kababata”. The poen was written in Tagalog and had for its theme “ Love of
One’s Language”

• Rizal was almost 11 years old when the unfortunate

and extremelu mournful execution of GOMBURZA
happened. Rizal at an earlyage was awakened and
consequently consecrated his life to combatting
malevolence during his time at any cost.
Jose Goes to Binan, Laguna

• Jose had his early education in Calamba and Binan Laguna.

• At the age of nine, his father, Don Francisco sent his son to Binan, Laguna
to continue his studies of Latin under Maestro Joaquin Aquino Cruz.
• He was able to beat Binan boys and excelled in all subjects especially Latin
and Spanish Language.

• Jose met an old painter named Juancho who freely gave him lessons on
drawing and painting.
• Jose and his clasmate, Jose Guevara became the apprentices of the painter.
They improved their art and became favorite painters in the class.

• Rizal left Binan on December 7, 1871 after staying there for one and a half
years.
• His schooling in Binan ended when he learned almost all that his teacher,
Justiniano could teach him. His teacher wrote a letter to his parents that it
was time to send Rizal to a college in Manila.
 Rizal’s year at the Ateneo de Manila
• In 1872, Jose went ot the Ateneo Municipal
which later became the Ateneo de Manila, a
college which was managed by the Jesuits in
Manila.

• In his college days, Rizal became the

“emperor” of his class. His grades in most of Ateneo Municipal
his subjects were excellent.

• On his fourth year, one of his professors, Fr.

Francisco de Puala Sanchez, inspired him to study
harder and to write poetry.

• His schooling ended in 1877 when he graduated

with highest honors in all his subjects.

Jose Rizl’as Self-Portrait in Ateneo

• Shortly after his graduation, Rizal, who was
sixteen years old experienced his frits
romance – “ that painful experience which
comes to nearly all adolescents”.

• The girl was Segunda Katigbak, a pretty

fourteen year old Batanguena from Lipa.
Theirs was indeed “ a love at first sight”. But
it was hopeless since Segunda was alrady
engaged to be married to her townmate,
Manuel Luz.
Segunda Katigbak

• Rizal was a shy and timid lover. Segunda had

manifested by insinuation and deeds her
affection to him, but he timidly failed to
propose.
• Among his remarkable achievements at the Ateneo de Manila
were the following:
• 1. He produced two sculptured pieces, one was the figure of
“Our Lady” and the other was the image of the “Sacred Heart”.
These works of art are still preserved in the Ateneo library.
Sacred Heart

• 2. The importance of education was the primary

theme of his early poems while he was a student
at the Ateneo de Manila. These were “Por La
Educacion recibe Lustre la Patrai” (Through
Diploma of Rizal in Ateneo “Alianza Intima entre la Religion y la
Municipal
Buena Educacion” (The Intimate Alliance
Between Religion and Good Education).
Education, the Country Receives Light) and
• 3. His literary and academic excellence qualified him for membership in two
prestigious societies at the Ateneo de Manila: the Academy of Spanish
literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences. These welcomed
members only Ateneans who
Honor Certificate
were gifted in literature and sciences.
 Studies at the University of Santo Tomas
• InApril 1877
, Rizal enrolled atUniversity
the of Santo Tomasfor
(UST)
a
degree in Philosophy and Letters.

• After completing the first year,

shifted
he to a medical course
and finally
decided to take up medicine because of his desire to treat the failing eyesight
of his mother.

• In that same school year(1877

-1878), he also studied
Surveying
and
Agriculture
inAteneode Manila.

Old Building of the University

Sto. Tomas
of established on April 28, 1611
 Silver Pen , First prize “ A la Juventud Filipina”

• He joined a literary contest sponsored by the Liceo Artistico Literario de

Manila. His entry was the poem “ A la Juventud Filipina” (To the Filipino
Youth) and won the top prize of a feather-shaped silver pen with gold
ribbon.

• The following year, the Liceo sponsored another contest and Rizal won the
first prize again for his play “El Consejo de Dioses” (The Council of the
Gods).

• His two-prize winning opuses had proven that a native could assert himself
as superior to, if not, equal the Spaniards in the field of literature.
• At his sophomore year at the UST, he
courted Leonor Valenzuela, who was a
tall girl with a regal bearing.

• He sent her love notes written in invisible

ink. This consisted of common table salt
and water. Any note written in the
invisible ink when heated over a candle or
lamp, the words may appear.

• But as with Segunda, he stopped short of

proposing marriage to “Orang”, Leonor. Leonor Valenzuala
 • Rizal’s next romance was with another Leonor – Leonor Rivera – his cousin
from Camiling. She was the pretty daughter of his landlord-uncle and a
student at La Concordia College where his youngest sister, Soledad was
then studying.

• Leonor, born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867, was a frail , pretty girl
“tender as a budding flower with kindly, wistful eyes”.
Leonor Rivera

• Between Jose and Leonor sprang a beautiful romance. They became

engaged. In her lettters to Rizal, Leonor signed her name as “Taimis”, in
order to camouflage their intimate relationship from their parents and
friends.

• After five years at the University of Santo Tomas, he decided to quit and he
continued his medical education in Spain.

Education at Universidad Central de Madrid, Spain

• After finishing the fourth year of his medical course at the UST, Rizal
disgusted with the method of instruction in the Dominican-owned
 and the racial prejudice of Dominican professors against Filipino students, he decided
to study in Spain.

• He predicted his decision to study abroad would not be favored by his parents, hence
he did not ask for blessings.

• On June 16, 1882, he reached Barcelona Spain. He wrote nationalistic essay “Amor
Patrio” this was first written article in Spanish soil.

• On November 3, 1882, he took up two courses at the Universidad Central Madrid

namely Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.
• Aside from two major courses, he also studied painting and sculpture at the Academy
of Fine Arts of San Fernando. He took lessons in French, German and English under
private instructors and assiduously practiced fencing and shooting at the Hall of Arms
of Sanz y Carbonnel.

• Rizal, being a lonely young man in a foreign country, was attracted to Consuelo
Ortiga y Perez, the daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, former city mayor of
Manila during the adminstration of governor-general Carlos Ma. Dela Torre.
• He even composed a lovely poem on August 22, 1883, dedicated to her. In this
poem, entitled, “ A La Senorita C.O.y P. ( To Miss C.O.y P.), he expressed his
admiration for her.

• However, before his romance with Consuelo could blossom into a serious affair,
he suddenly backed out because he was still engaged to Leonor Rivera.

• In 1883, he joined the Masonic Lodge Acaci in Madrid. His masonic name was
“Dimasalang”. He joined because of two reasons:

• 1) the abuse committed by friars against the Filipino people and;

• 2) the possible help that the Masons could extend as a protective shield to use in
his fight against evil forces of Free Masons tyranny and exploitation.
• On June 1884, he was awarded the degree of 24th birthday with
Licentiate in Medicine. The next academic the rating of
year, he passed all subjects leading to the excellent.
degree of Doctor of Medicine. • By obtaining this
degree, he became
• He was awarded the degree of Licentiate in
Philosophy and Letters on June 19, 1885, his
 qualified to be a professor of Humanities in any Matricula de Honor from
Universidad central de Madrid
Spanish university.

• Likewise, by receiving his degree of Licentiate

in Medicine, he became a fullpledged
physician, qualified to practice medicine.

Diploma, Hebrew language,

Universidad central de Madrid

Medical Experiences and Travels

• At the age of 24, Jose Rizal who was already a full

pledged physician, decided to go to Paris in order to
 • In November, 1885, hefurther
workedhisasstudies
assistant
andinacquire
the clinic
moreof Dr.
advance
Louis de Wecker
operation
knowledge
duringinhisophthalmology.
stay with the French doctor.

• On February 1, 1886, he left paris after acquiring enough experience in

ophthalmology.
Dr. Louis de Weckert
Rizal’s Brief Stay in Heidelberg, Germany
• On February 3, 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg, Germany famous for its old university
and romantic surroundings. He met and worked with Dr. Otto Becker, a renowned
eye specialist and a director of a hospital in Germany.
• On April 22, 1886, spring in Heidelberg, he wrote a poem to the beautiful blooming
flowers at the Neckar River. He spent three-month summer vacation at Wilhemsfeld,
Germany.

• On July 31, 1886, he wrote his first letter to German Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt.
He heard that Blumentritt was interested in the Philippine languages. Delighted with
Rizal, Blumentritt sent him gift books. This marked the beginning of their beautiful
and lasting friendship.

Ferdinand Blumentritt
• He was fortunate to be sojourn in Heidelberg when the famous University of
Heidelberg held its fifth centenary celebration on August 6, 1886. It was three days
before his departure and he was sad because he had come to love the beautiful city.
He wrote an ode, lyric poem expressive of exalted emotion entitled “A las flores del
Heidelberg” (to the Flowers of Heidelberg).

A visit to other Parts of Germany – Leipzig and

Dresden University of Leipzig, Germany

• On August 14, 1886, Rizal arrived in Leipzig after

boarding a train.

• He attended lectures as the University of Leipzig

and befriended Professor Friedrich Ratzel, a famous Dresden Royal Theater
German historian and Dr. Hans Meyer, a German
anthropologist who once visited the Philippines n
1882. He stayed there for two-andhalf months.
• On October 29, 1886, Rizal set course on Dresden. He met Dr. Adolph Meyer, the
director of the Anthropological and
Ethnological Museum. He stayed in the city for only two days. It was morning of
November 1, 1886 when he left Dresden by train reaching Berlin in the evening.
Dr. A. Meyer
Rizal’s Ups and Downs in Berlin, Germany

• In Berlin, Germany, Rizal met Dr. Feodor Jagor, author of Travels in

the Philippines, a book that Rizal admired because of its keen
observances in the Philippine setting.

• He led methodological life in Berlin. He worked as an assistant by day

and attended lectures at night. He kept himself physically fit by daily
exercises and speaking
German, French and Italian. Dr. Feodor Jagor

• Rizal took private lessons in the French language under Madame Luci
Cerdole in order to master the French language.

• Not all of the experiences of Rizal in Germany were good. There was
winter when he lived in poverty because no money arrived from
 Calamba and he was flat broke. During that time, he would only eat
one meal a day and soon became sick with chills , coughs and fever.

Tour of Europe with Maximo Viola

• After the publication of Noli, Rizal received money from his brother Paciano
worth P1,000 and then paid his friend Maximo Viola from his kind loan. At
dawn of May 11, 1887, Rizal and his friend Maximo Viola decided to tour
Europe. They left Berlin by train an their first destination was Dresden.

Dresden
• In Dresden, Rizal studied different plants because he was interested in
botany. They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer who was overjoyed to see them.

Leitmeritz
• On May 13, 1887, they visited Prof. Blumentrit at Leitmeritz, Bohemia.

• They greeted each other in fluent German and the old professor immediately
took him into heart, loving him as a son.

• Blumentritt showed them scenic sights and historical spots.

Historic City of Prauge
• Rizal and Viola met Fr. Willkomm, a professor of natural history at the University
of Prague. They visited the tomb of Copernicus, the famous astronomer; the
musem of natural histroy; the bacteriological laboratories; the famous cave
where San Juan Nepomuceno was imprisoned; and the bridge from which the
saint was huyrled into the river.

Queen of the Danube

• On May 20 1887, they arrived in the beautiful city of Vienna, capital of
AustriaHungary. Famous in songs and story, this city fascinated Rizal very much
because of its buildings, religious images and charm.

• On May 24, 1887, they left Vienna on a river boat to see the beautiful sights of the
Danube River.

To Rheinfall, To Salzburg, To Munich, To Nuremburg

• The river voyage ended in Lintz. They traveled Salzburg and the there to Munich
where they stopped to savor the famous Munich beer. From Munich they went
to Nuremberg, an old city of Germany.

• They proceeded to Ulm, the city with the largest cathedral in Germany. They
went to Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall. They saw the Rin waterfall which
was the most beautiful waterfall in Europe.
Switzerland
• They cross the frontier to Schaffhausen, Switzerland and stayed in this city on June
23, 1887. They continued their tour to Basel, Bern and Lausanne. After sigthseeing,
they left on a little boat crossing the foggy leman Lake to Geneva.

Geneva
•This swiss city is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe which was visited by world
tourists every year. It was Rizal’s 26th birthday on June 19,1887, hence, he treated
Viola to a blow-out. They spent 15 days in Geneva. On June 23, they parted ways,
and Viola decided to return to Barcelona while Rizal continued his tour to Italy.
Italy
• In Italy, he visited Turin, Mila, Venice and Florence and on June 27, 1887, he
reached Rome.
• On June 29, he visited the Vatican, the ‘City of the Pope’ for the first time.

• After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, he decided to return to the

Philippines. He had already informed his father that he was coming home and that
nobody could stop him from doing so.
• Sa aking mga Kababata (To my fellow Youth) was
written by Rizal in 1869 at the age of eight, and is
considerable to be the first literature ever written by
him. This poem pointed out the nationalistic
significance of the mother tongue in the life of the
Filipinos. Therefore, as a student how will you
interpret and emphasize the essence and worth of
this poem written by Jose Rizal? Elaborate and
discuss the meaning of this poem.

Exile in Dapitan
 Exile in Dapitan

• Rizal was deported to Dapitan by virtue of Governor General Eulogio

Despujol’s gubernatorial decree of 1892

• His deportation was based on the following charges against him.

– a. publication and introduction f various anti-monastic books and handbills.
– b. travelling through different provinces without permit from the Governor-
General
– c. finding in his luggage the pamphlet “Pobres Frailes” or “Poor Friars”, which mocked the
religious orders.
– d. dedication of the El Filibusterismo to the memory of GOMBURZA
– e. Rizal’s attempt at de-Catholicizing and denationalizing the Filipino

With his deportation to Dapitan, the Liga died its

natural death.
• It split into two branches: the rightist, Cuerpos de
Compromisarios, and the leftist, known as the
Katipunan or KKK, a society whose aim was to
overthrow colonial
rule in the Philippines.
• In the four years of Rizal’s banishment to Dapitan (1892-
1896), he demonstrated practical nationalism and Rizal’s Home in Dapitan
patriotism.

Community Leadership in Dapitan

• Rizal in Dapitan (1892-1896) was marked by varied activities.

• It was in Dapitan, particularly Talisay, where Rizal exercised his
professions and skills to be of service to his country men: as a doctor, a
farmer, teacher, engineer, inventor, scientist and community
developer.
• With these activities, Rizal won the respect and recognition of the
people of Dapitan, as well as Captain Ricardo Carnicero, politico-commander of the
island who became his guardian and friend.

The ff. are contribution s of Rizal in Dapitan which demostrate leadership and
nationalism:
1. Construction water system
2. Construction of a huge aid map of Mindanao out of stones, earth and grass.
3. Beautification of Talisay by facilitating the putting up of lamp posts at every corner of the
town.
4. Building of school and taught pupils for academic and vocational training
 5. Training pupils boxing, swimming, and arnis.
6. Offering free medical services to his poor country folks.
7. Organizing an association of farmers to improve farm production and generate higher
incomes.
8. Training fishermen of Dapitan the making and use of fishnets in fishing.
9. Engaging in abaca and copra trading.
10. Invention of brick-making machine.
11. Built-up a rich collection of Conchology.

• Rizal became well-known on Opthalmology in Dapitan.

• Even exiled in Dapitan, he was visited by foreing clietns for treatment. One of
them was Mr. George Taufer who came to Dapitan for his medial services. His
adopted daughter, Josephine Bracken, who accompanied him, later became
Rizal’s wife.

• As historical accounts would attest, Rizal in Dapitan has become:

– The first to introduce social and environmental engineering; –

The first rural doctor;
– The first professional to engage in business;
– The first practitioner of town planning and beautification;
 – The first to introduce the principles of livelihood and self-reliance programs;
– The first to show the way to community development;
– The first ophthalmic surgeon sought by patients abroad;

– The first to set up community school with himself as the first community teacher;
– The first systematic collector of Philippine shells, butterflies, reptiles and other
fauna and flora in Mindanao;
– The first in sanitary engineering and public health work;
– And the first Filipino doctor with social conscience, who charged fees according to
the patient’s ability to pay.
Rizal and the Katipunan

• On June 21, 1986, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Bonfacio’s

representative, visited Rizal in Dapitan and informed the
plan of the Katipunan to launch revolution.

• Rizal objected Bonifacio’s project stating that such would

be a veritable suicide.
Andres Bonifacio
 Rizal suggested that it would be best for the
Katipunan to get first support of the rich and
influential people of Manila to strengthen their
cause.

• Rizal lamented the possible consequences of the

planned armed rebellion. Rizal said:

“To die and to conquer is pleasant, but to die

and be conquered is painful”.

• Rizal also disapproved of the plan of the

Katipunan to rescue him from his exile for he
had given his word to the Spanish authorities
that he would never escape from Dapitan

Trial of Rizal

• Rizal was accused of the complex crime of

rebellion as he was the principal organizer and
the living soul of the insurrection, the founder of
societies, publications, and books dedicated to
the propagating ideas of rebellion.
• He pleaded not guilty to the crime charged
against him.
• But the case was continued in the jurisdiction of
military tribunal.
• The evidences of his guilt has been gathered by
Captain Francisco de Olive.

• On November 20, 1896, Colonel Rafael

Dominguez, a special judge, conducted the
preliminary investigation.

• Rizal was interrogated without the presence of a

counsel.
• He was not allowed to meet the witnesses face
to face.

• He was questioned, among other things, on:

• his participation in political activities,
• membership in Masonic lodges,
• and concerning his appoint as honorary president
of the Katipunan, about Pio Valenzuel’as
meeting with him at Dapitan.
• At the trial , Lieutenant Enrique de Alcocer
showed a detailed presentation of Rizal’s case.
• Alcocer’s argument rested on Rizal’s admission
of the founding La Liga Filipina, which to his
mind had something to do with Bonifacio’s
revolution.
• He showed that Rizal’s writing were designed to
provoke anti-friar and Spanish sentiments.
• Alcocer exposed Rizal as the “Soul of Rebellion”.

• These evidences has culminated the call on the

members of the military tribunal to render a
decision by imposing death penalty on Rizal.

• However, according to Luis Taviel de Andrade,

Rizal as guilty had not been proven since no
conclusive evidences has been found based on
ocular inspection, confession of the accused and
official documents.

• As to the charge of Rizal founding illegal

associations, Andrade argued that the
Constitution of the La Liga Filipina did not
specify any illegal objectives.

• Furthermore, Andrade said, Liga was short-lived

because Rizal was deported to Dapitan before it
could fully organized and it was revived without
Rizal’s knowledge.
• After Andrade’s brilliant defense, Rizal was asked by
the judge whether he had something to add. Rizal
stood up and presented his own statements:
1. I am not guilty of rebellion as I even advised Dr. Pio
Valenzuela in Dapitan not to rise in revolution.

2. The Revolutionists used my name without my

knowledge. If I were guilty. I could have been escaped to
Singapore.

3. If I had a hand in the Katipunan revolution. I could have

escaped Dapitan and should have not built a house
there.

4. If I were the chief of the revolution, why did they not

consult me on their plans?

5. I was not the founder of La Soildaridad and the

Assosacion Hispano-Filipina.

6. I had nothing to do with the introduction of masonry in

the Philippines.

7. The La Liga did not live long. It died a natural death after
my banishment to Dapitan.
8. If the La Liga was re-organized, was totally unaware of it.
9. It was true that I wrote the statues of La Liga. But, La Liga
is a civic association whose purpose are unity and
development of commerce and industry.

10. While it was true that there were bitter statements in my

letters, it was because they were written when my
family was being persecuted, being disposed of their
houses and lands
11. It was not true that the revolution was inspired in
one of my speeches. My friends knew very well about
my vehement opposition to an armed rebellion.

12. Why did the Katipunan send an messenger to me in

Dapitan, who was a total stranger to me? Because
those who knew me were aware that I would never
sanction any violent movement.

13. My life in Dapitan had been exemplary, as evidenced

by my productive activities for the welfare of the
people, Even the politico-military commanders and
missionary priests could attest to this.

• On the same day, the decision of the military

court, signed by Jose Togores, was submitted to
Governor-General Polavieja.
 • Rizal was found guilty beyond reasonable
doubt and therefore should be condemned to
death by firing squad at the place and time to be
chosen by the Governor-General.

• Polavieja approved Judge Advocate General

Niclas dela Perna’s recommendations on
December 30 at 7:00 o’clock in the morning at
the Bagumbayan Field.

Execution at Bagumbayan
• Rizal was convicted of rebellion and was
sentenced to death through musketry.

• The verdict of death sentence was read to

Rizal on December 29, 1896.

• Rizal refused to sign it due to his

innocence and objection to his being
labeled as a Chinese mestizo.

• Later, realizing that the law required it, he

affixed his signature on the notification of the
court’s decision.

• On December 30, 1896, Josephine arrived at

5:30 in the morning accompanied by Josefa.
Rizal embraced her and gave his last gift; the
book of Thomas Kemphis entitled Imitation of
Christ.

• The death march began at exactly 6:30 in the

morning. Rizal sported a black suit and vest
with a black hat as he came out of his cell.
• Rizal walked to the place of execution between
Father Villaclara and Father Marcha.
• At the execution square, the
military physician, Dr. Felipe
Ruiz y Castillo, felt his pulse
and fount it normal.

• Rizal requested the

commander of the cavalry
that he be shot facing his
executioners considering
that he was not a traitor.

• The request, however, was denied as the

Spanish officer had a standing order from higher
authorities that Rizal should be shot at the
back.

• At 7:03 the guns of the firing squad rang out in

a row.

• Rizal turned halfway around, fell down

backwards and laid on the ground facing the
sun.
 • Rizal’s execution became the vehicle awaken
the national consciousness of the Filipinos.

• It sparked the fire of the Philippine revolution

against the Spanish colonizers, which elevated
him as the national hero of the country.
Rizal’s Retraction Issue

• One of the most controversial points of

Rizal’s life was the alleged retraction
where he renounced masonry and his
religious beliefs that were anti-catholic.

• Some are arguing that Rizal retracted his

Masonic views and embraced his Catholic
faith before he died.

Claims that Rizal Retracted his Masonic Views

1. Rizal recited and signed prayer book entitled Acts of

Faith, Hope, Charity. This book was offered after his
signing of the retraction document according to
Father Baguer.
2. The testimony of the press at the time of the event of
eyewitnesses, attested Rizal retracted and signed a
retraction document.

3. Rizal performed acts of piety during his last hours, as

testified by the witnesses.

4. The church through the Jesuits, solemnized Rizal’s

marriage to Josephine Bracken, as attested by
witnesses. The Catholic Church will not officiate a
marriage ceremony without Rizal’s retraction of his
religious errors.

Claims that Rizal did not retract

1. The retraction document is a forgery.

• As pointed out by Pascual (1950), the handwriting
in the document is questionable, as only one man
prepared it.

• The point was supported by the confession of the

forger to Antonio Abad on August 13,1901,
employed by the friars earlier that same year to
make several copies of the retraction document.
2. The other facts of Rizal do not fit well with the
story of retraction. Some are the

a. The retraction document was not made

public until 1935. Even members of Rizal’s family
did not over see it.

b. No effort was made to save Rizal from death

penalty after saying his retraction.

c. Rizal’s burial was kept secret. He was buried

outside the wall of Paco cemetery.
d. The record of his burial was not placed on the
page of entries of December 30th.
e. There is no marriage certificate or public record of
Rizal’s marriage with Josephine Bracken.
f. Rizal’s behavior did not point to a conversion
during his last 24 hours. The letters he wrote
during his remaining hours do not indicate
conversion.
Rizal’s Remains

• After the execution of Rizal on December 30,

1896 at the Bagumbayan field, the body of
 Rizal was buried in the old and unused Paco
cemetery.

• In his grave, they placed a plaque with his initials in

reverse, R.P.J. which means, Rizal Protacio Jose.
There were no funeral ceremonies for Rizal.

• A few days after the Americans took Manila in

August 1898, Rizal’s sister, Narcisa, asked
permission of the new authorities to exhume the
remains of Rizal. Permission was granted.

• When the body was dig up, it was discovered that

Rizal’s body had not been even placed in a coffin.

• The remains were then placed in appropriate

condition and reinterred in the proper manner at the
Paco cemetery.

• In 1911, the remains of Rizal were transferred from

the Paco cemetery to the base of Rizal monument
which had earlier been erected at Luneta Park (now
Rizal Park).
Rizal’s Letters, Articles and
Writings
 Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light

• At early age, Rizal developed the spirit of

nationalism as he became aware of his Motherland.

• He envisioned what education can do to a country, if

its leadership would be made up of a pool of
educated youth.

• He expressed his thoughts on education in the poem

entitled: Through Education Our Motherland
Receives Light (Por La Educacion Recibe Lustre La
Patria).

• In this poem, Rizal urged his fellow students to

educate themselves because education gives birth to
science and art.

A La Juventud Filipina

• To the Filipino Youth (A La Juventud Filipina) was

written by Rizal when he was only 18 years old. This
poem was dedicated to the Filipino youth.

• He called the youth the “Fair Hope of My

Motherland”.
• He considered the youth as leaders of tomorrow
and as such responsible for the nation’s future.
Mi Ultimo Adios
• Jose Rizal, before his execution by firing squad at
Rizal or Luneta Park (formerly Bagumbayan ), wrote
his last poem Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell).
• Interestingly enough, his original writing was said to
have no title; the title Mi Ultimo Adios was given by
Mariano Ponce.
• The poem was Rizal’s farewell to his native land. It is
an epic poem expressive of idealism, morality and
spirituality.
• He demonstrated his willingness, as a patriot, to
offer his life for the love of country.

La Indolencia de los Filipinos

• The Indolence of the Filipinos was published in La

Solidaridad in Madrid in 1890.
• Written by Rizal as response to the accusations of
the Spaniards on Filipino laziness.
• Rizal stated that Filipinos are not by nature indolent.
• Long before the coming of Spaniards, Rizal pointed
out that Filipinos were industrious and
hardworking.
 • It was only the Spanish conquest bought the decline
in economic activities of Filipinos.
• It was because of native revolts, forced labor, lack of
stimulus to work harder because the people could
not enjoy the fruits of their labor, depressing and
anti-human actions of Spanish against Filipinos.
Rizal’s Last Letter to His Family

To my Family,

I ask you forgiveness for the pain I caused you, but

someday I shall have to die and it is better that I die
now in the plenitude of my conscience.

Dear Parents, Brothers, and Sisters, give thanks to

God that I may preserve my tranquility before my
death. I die resigned, hoping that with my death, you
will be left in peace, Ah! It is better to die than to live
suffering. Console yourselves.

I enjoin you to forgive one another the little meanness

of life and try to live united
in peace and good and
harmony.
Treat your old parents as you would like to be treated by
your children later.
Love them very much in my memory.
 Bury me in the ground. Place a stone and a cross over
it, my name, the date of my
birth, and of my death.
Nothing more.
If later you wish to surround my grave with a fence, you
can do so. No anniversaries.

Have pity on poor Josephine.

Rizal’s Last Letter to Paciano
My dear Brother,
It has been four years and a half that we
have not seen each other Nor have we
communicated with each other.
I do not think it is due to lack of affection on my part nor
on yours, but because, knowing each other so well, we
do not need to talk to understand each other.

Now, I am about to die, and it is to

you that I dedicate my last lines, to
tell you how sad I am to leave you
alone in life, burdened with the
weight of the family and our old
parents.

I am thinking now how hard you have worked to give me

a career;
 I believe I have tried not to waste my time. Brother of
mine; if the fruit as been bitter, it is not my fault, but the
fault of circumstances.
I know that you have suffered much on my account, and
I am sorry.

I assure you, brother, that I die innocent of this crime of

rebellion.
If my former writings have contributed, I
do not deny it absolutely; but then, I
thought I have expiated for the past with
my deportation.
Tell our father I remember him, and how I
remember my whole childhood, of his
affection and his love. Ask him to forgive me
for the pain that I have unwillingly caused
him.

LO 2 LM02_The Development of Filipino Nationalism

1. Who are the principalias? I. Filipinos who lived and studies in Europe II. Spaniards that were living in
the Philippines III. Unchristianized natives and free from colonial rule IV. Indios who held positions in
the Spanish colonial government

A. I at II C. II at III B. I at IV D. III at IV

2. What is the aim of secularization movement?

A.The use of indigenous language in curch services.

B. Sending of Filipino priests to Europe to be educated.
C. Transfer of authority over parishes from regular priests to the secular priests
D. Transfer of authority over parishes from secular priests to the regular priests

3. Who were the ilustrados?

A. Filipinos who held positions in the Spanish colonial government

B. Children of inter-marraiges between Spaniards, Filipino and Chinese
C. Filipinos from middle class families who were able to study in Europe
D. Spaniards who were born in Spain and occupy the highest social class

4. What are the contributions of the Propaganda movement in the history of the Philippines?
I. It inspired the Philippine revolution of 1896
II. It became a catalyst for the development of Filipino Nationalism
III. It paved way for the independence of the Philippines from Spain
IV. It served as an eye-opener for the Filipinos about the abuses of the Spaniards

A. I-II- III

C. I-III-IV

B. I-II-IV

D. II-III-IV

5. How did the 1872 Cavite Mutiny and the execution of the GOMBURZA affect the Filipinos?

A. These events threatened the Filipinos not to rebel against the Spanish rule.
B. Filipinos realized the might of Spain and pledge their loyalty to the Spanish colonial government.
C. These were viewed by the Filipinos as forms of indignation and injustice of Spaniards to the Filipinos
D. These events discouraged the Filipinos from forming organizations that advocate reform or
independence.

6. Which event paved way for the influx of liberal ideas from Europe which is also influenced the
emergence of Filipino consciousness?
A. 1872 Cavite Mutiny
B. Opening of the Suez Canal
C. Emergence of Middle class
D. The Secularization Movement

7. What movement was established by Ilustrados which exposed the conditions of the Philippines and
Demanded reforms from Spain?

A. Katipunan
B. Propaganda
C. Confradia de San Jose
D. Circulo Hispano-Filipino
8. What is the aim of secularization movement?

A.The use of indigenous language in curch services.

B. Sending of Filipino priests to Europe to be educated.
C. Transfer of authority over parishes from regular priests to the secular priest
D. Transfer of authority over parishes from secular priests to the regular priests

9. Who were the Filipinos who gained wealth from renting huge lands (haciendas) owned by the friars
like the Rizal family?

A. Meztizos
C. Inquilinos
B. Insulares
D. Indios Bravos

10. Why were the GOMBURZA executed? I. They actively supported the secularization movement. II.
They refused to submit to the authority of the regular priests. III. They were accused as the leaders of the
1872 Cavite Munity. IV. They wrote propaganda materials that exposed the abuses of the friars.

A. I-II C. II-III B. I-III D. III-IV not sure

11. Which statement on the term "Filipino" is NOT TRUE?

A. It was a derogatory term for the native inhabitants as used by the Spaniards.
B. Originally, it was the name associated with Spaniards born in the Philippines or the creoles.
C. It is a term which the inhabitants of the Philippines gradually learned to equate with racial equality,
human dignity and love of country.
D. It is a term or label which gradually became associated with the ilustrados during Rizal's time.

12. Which statements are TRUE about Filipino nationalism? I. It only started to emerge during the 19 th
century. II. It was a product of an armed revolt against Spain. III. It was introduce by the Spanish friars
through catechism. IV. It is a product of the social, political and economic changes in the 19 th century.

A. I-II C. II-III B. I-III D. III-IV

13. Which event was viewed by the Spanish government officials as a move to overturn the Spanish
colonial rule in the Philippines?

A. 1872 Cavite Mutiny

B. Secularization Movement
C. Rise of the middle classes
D. Establishment of the Propaganda Movement

14. Arrange the following events in chronological order. I. 1872 Cavite Mutiny II. Execution of the
Gomburza III. Founding of the La Liga Filipina IV. Establishment of the Propaganda movement
A. I-II-IV-III
B. II-III-I-IV
C. III-II-I-IV
D. IV-III-II-I

15. What is the objective of the mass-based Filipino nationalism?

A. Assimilation of Philippine to Spain

B. Political, economic and educational reforms
C. Equality of rights and privileges among social classes
D. Freedom and independence of the Philippines from Spain

16. What group of people occupies the highest social status in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial
rule?
A. Mestizos
C. Principalias
B. Insulares
D. Peninsulares

18. Which group of people were not colonized and have preserved their own culture?

A. Indio
B. Infieles
C. Mestizos
D. Principalias

19. What are the legacies of the Propaganda movement? I. Tripartite view of Philippine history II.
Philippine independence from Spain III. Secularization of Philippine churches IV. The concept of Filipino
nation and identity

A. I-II C. II-III B. I-IV D. III-IV

20. Which is NOT part of the contents of the La Solidaridad?

A. Reforms needed by the Philippines

B. Spanish literature, culture and society
C. Articles about Philippine history and culture
D. Criticisms about Spanish government officials and clergy

LO 1 LM01_Rizal Law and 19th Century Philippines

1. Which statement is NOT true about the passage of the Rizal Law?

A. The Rizal Law was aimed to promote civic conscience and duties.
B. The Catholic Church opposed the passage of the Rizal Law because of the passages in Rizal‟s novels
that anti-catholic.
C. Students who feel and believe that their faith is offended are exempted from reading the novels but not
from taking the Rizal course.
D. Sen. Claro M. Recto opposed the passage of Rizal Law for he believes that the novels are not meant to
inspire nationalism and patriotism.

2. The objective of the passage of Rizal Law in 1952 is to boost or rekindle the dwindling [„shrinking‟]
sense of Filipino identity and nationalism. What was believed to have caused the dwindling [„shrinking‟]
sense of Filipino identity and nationalism?

A. Strong American presence in the Philippines

B. Filipinos‟ divisive politic
C. Prevalence of poverty and corruption
D. Economic stagnation

3. It is an essay which explains the causes and implications of Filipinos‟ lack national consciousness.

C. The Distressing Situation of the Philippines by Jose Rizal

4. It is an essay which blames the incompetence of Spanish administrators for the poor condition of the
Philippines.

A. Monarchism in the Philippines by Marcelo H. Del Pilar

5. This essay argued that Filipinos became indolent and unproductive because they do not benefit from
their labors and that they were abused and enslaved by the Spaniards.

B. On the Indolence of the Filipinos by Jose Rizal

6. It is an essay that tackles the too much power and influence that the friars have that they in effect were
the ones running the government.

A. Monarchism in the Philippines by Marcelo H. Del Pilar

7. This essay revealed that Royal decrees from Spain were not implemented in the Philippines which
worsen the conditions of the country.

C. The Distressing Situation of the Philippines by Jose Rizal

8. This essay accuses the friars were that cause of stagnation and backwardness of the
Philippines.
B. On the Indolence of the Filipinos by Jose Rizal

9. What the legal basis of including the study of the life and works of Jose Rizal in the curriculum of high
school and college?

A. R.A. 1254 C. R.A. 2145

B. R.A. 1425 D. R.A. 2415

10. Who authored the Rizal Law?

A. Sen. Claro M. Recto C. Sen. Jose Diokno

B. Sen. Jose P. Laurel Sr. D. Sen. Jovito Salonga

11. What country colonized Spain at the turn of 19th century?

A. France C. United Kingdom

B. Germany D. United States

12. What movement was established by Ilustrados that exposed the conditions of the Philippines and
asked for reforms from Spain?

A. Circulo Hispano-Filipino C. Katipunan

B. Confradia de San Jose D. Propaganda

13. Which DOES NOT describe the social, economic and political conditions in the Philippines in the 19 th
century under the rule of the Spanish colonial regime?

A. Civil war broke out due to desire for the throne

B. No significant cultural and educational advancements
C. Slavery, discrimination and injustices were very rampant.
D. Spanish administrators failed to initiate political and economic reforms.

14. Why did the Catholic Church oppose the passage of Rizal Law?

A. Jose Rizal was a mason.

B. Jose Rizal‟s novels are anti-clerical and anti-Catholic.
C. The printing and distribution of the novels are too expensive.
D. There was no public consultation on the provisions of the law.
15. When was the Rizal Law passed?
A. June 12, 1946
C. June 12, 1966
B. June 12, 1956
D. June 12, 1976

16. Evaluate the following statements: I. College students are required to read the unexpurgated versions
of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo as part of the Rizal course. II. Students whose faith could
be damaged are exempted to take the Rizal course.

A. Statement I is true.
C. Both statements are true.
B. Statement II is true.
D. Neither of the statements is true.

17. Evaluate the following statements: I. To reach more Filipino students, the novels and other works of
Jose Rizal are to be translated into English, Tagalog and major Philippine dialects. II. The distribution of
Jose Rizal‟s novels and other works is free of charge and available to any one who desires to read them.

A. Statement I is true.
C. Both statements are true.
B. Statement II is true.
D. Neither of the statements is true.

18. Which is NOT an objective of the Rizal Law?

A. Develop moral character
C. Develop civic conscience
B. Promote sense of nationalism
D. Promote intellectual development
19. Which describe the social conditions in Spain during the 19 th century?

I. Civil unrest due to civil war

II. Occupied by the French
III. Ruled by incompetent officials
IV. Political and economic stagnation

A. I and II C. II and III B. I and III D. II and IV

20. Which describe the social conditions in the Philippines during the 19 th century? I. Civil unrest due to
civil war III. Occupied by the French II. Ruled by incompetent officials IV. Political and economic
stagnation

A. I and II C. II and III B. I and III D. II and IV

LM03_Biography of Jose Rizal_Childhood and
Intellectual Development
1. What is the full name of Jose Rizal?

A. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

B. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonso Realonda
C. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Realonda Alonso
D. Jose Protacio Alonso Realonda y Mercado Rizal

2. What is the title of the book read by Rizal and his mother when he was young?

A. Les Miserables B. Uncle Tom's Cabin C. Children's Friend D. The Count of Monte Cristo

3. What story read by Rizal when he was a child left an impact on him?

A. The Foolish Butterfly

B. The Story of Maria Makiling
C. The Story of Bernardo Carpio
D. The Monkey and the Crocodile

4. Who is Jose Rizal‟s father?

A. Francisco Mercado
B. Paciano Mercado
C. Domingo Lamco
D. Justiniano Cruz

5. Who is Jose Rizal's mother?

A. Teodora Alonso
B. Saturnina Rizal
C. Josefa Rizal
D. Narcisa Rizal

6. What course did Rizal finish in Ateneo while studying at UST?

A. Ophthalmology
B. Land Surveying
C. Bachelor of Arts
D. Philosophy and Letters

7. What is the meaning of the surname 'Rizal'?

A. Patriot
B. Farmer
C. Merchant
D. Green Fields

8. Where did Jose Rizal start his formal education?

A. Ateneo Municipal
B. University of Sto. Tomas
C. Private school in Biñan
D. Private school in Calamba

9. What literary piece made Jose Rizal won the first prize in Ateneo?
A. Junto Al Pasig
B. Sa Aking Mga Kabata
C. Consejo de los Dioses
D. A La Juventud Filipina

10. Which literary piece made by Jose Rizal is about the love for one‟s language?
A. Junto Al Pasig
B. Consejo de los Dioses
C. Sa Aking Mga Kabata
D. A La Juventud Filipina

11. What made Jose Rizal shift to the ophthalmology course while in UST?
A. His mother was going blind
B. His father insisted it on him
C. His ambition of becoming an eye doctor
D. It's the most lucrative profession at that time

12. When was Jose Rizal born?

A. June 19, 1961
B. June 19, 1681
C. June 19, 1869
D. June 19, 1781

13. Which DOES NOT describe Jose Rizal as a young boy?

A. Sickly
B. Hard-headed
C. Has a frail body
D. Quiet and thinker

14. What school was known for its equal treatment of Filipino and Spanish students during Rizal's time?
A. Ateneo Municipal
B. Colegio de San Agustin
C. University of Sto. Tomas
D. Colegio de San Juan Letran

15. Which is TRUE about the intellectual development of Jose Rizal?

A. Rizal was intellectually gifted from birth
B. The intellectual giftedness of Jose Rizal was influenced by the prevailing political conditions during
his time
C. The intellectual achievements of Jose Rizal was influenced by the prevailing system of education
during his time
D. The intellectual development of Rizal was shaped by the people around him who imparted knowledge
and values to him

16. What was the first degree finished by Rizal in Ateneo Municipal?
A. Land surveying
B. Ophthalmology
C. Bachelor of Arts
D. Philosophy and Letters

17. Who influenced Jose Rizal‟s interest in folklores and legends?

A. His uncle
B. His nanny
C. His brother
D. His mother
18. What was the first course taken by Rizal in UST?

A. Land surveying
B. Ophthalmology
C. Bachelor of Arts
D. Philosophy and Letters

19. What literary piece made Jose Rizal won the first prize in UST in 1879?
A. Junto Al Pasig
B. Sa Aking Mga Kabata
C. Consejo de los Dioses
D. A La Juventud Filipina
20. How many children were there in the Rizal family?
A. 7
B. 9
C. 11
D. 13

LM04_Rizals life and experiences in Europe_1

1. Rizal liked his education in UST because Filipino students were treated the same way like the
Spaniards.

FALSE
2. Jose Rizal‟s trip to Europe was known to all the members of Rizal‟s Family.

TRUE
3.The goal of Jose Rizal‟s trip to Europe was to observe the European society and to acquire knowledge
that will be used in demanding reforms for the Philippines.

TRUE
4. In Madrid, Jose Rizal gave a toast to Juan Luna and Felix Ressureccion Hidalgo for winning in the
ExposiciónNacional de BellasArtes de Madrid in 1884 which was interpreted by the Spaniards in Manila
as an attack to the colonial regime.

TRUE
5. In Europe, Jose Rizal found out that all Filipino expatriates were willing to serve the country by
exposing the social condition in the Philippines and demanding reform from Spain.

TRUE
6. What was the name used by Jose Rizal in his passport going to Europe?

A. Jose Rizal B. Jose Mercado C. Jose Protacio Rizal D. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal

7. In his passport, Jose Rizal was a resident of __________.

A. Biñan B. Sta. Cruz C. Sampaloc D. Calamba

8. What was the name of the ship that Rizal boarded from Manila to Singapore?
A. Victoria B. Djemnah C. Salvadora D. Santiago

9. What was the name of the ship that Rizal rode in from Singapore to Europe?

A. Victoria B. Djemnah C. Salvadora D. McCulloch

10. What did Rizal bring with him when he left Manila for Europe? I. Diamond ring from Saturnina II.
Handkerchief from Leonor Rivera III. Seven hundred pesos from Paciano IV. Fountain pen from
Francisco Mercado
A. I-II C. II-III
B. I-III D. III-IV

11. What is the El Amor Patrio all about?

A. A political satire about the abuses of Spanish friars.

B. An essay wrote by Rizal expressing his love for the country.
C. A congratulatory speech of Jose Rizal to Juan Luna at Felix Hidalgo.
D. A poem written by Rizal which shows his longing for his family and country.

12. In his prose „El Amor Patrio‟ how did Rizal describe or associate compared the patria with
_______________.
A. nature C. heaven
B. paradise D. women

13. How did Jose Rizal describe the feeling of “love of the country”?
A. It‟s innate and constant feeling among humans
B. It‟s a product of common hatred towards colonizers
C. It‟s taught at home by the parent and nurtured in schools
D. It always bring hope especially for those oppressed and marginalized

14. In „El Amor Patrio‟ how should men profess or express their love for the country according to Jose
Rizal? I. Armed rebellion II. Peaceful means III. Productive use of science IV. Use of force and violence

A. I-II C. II-III
B. I-III D. III-IV

15. Who translated the „El Amor Patrio‟ when it was featured in the Diariong Tagalog in 1882?
A. Paciano Rizal B. BasilioTeodoro C. Marcelo H. del Pilar D. Graciano Lopez-Jaena

16. What were the courses took and finished by Rizal at the Universidad Central de Madrid? I. Medicine
II. Philosophy and Letters III. Fine Arts: painting and Sculpture IV. Foreign Languages: French, German
and Italian
A. I-II C. II-III
B. I-III D. III-IV

17. What was the first organization joined by Jose Rizal in Europe?

A. Indios Bravos B. La Liga Filipina C. Circulo Hispano-Filipino D. Propaganda Movement

18. Which is NOT a reason for the disbandment of Circulo-Hispano Filipino?

A. Lack of funds
B. Spanish censorship
C. Individualism of members
D. Disunity of interest and purpose

19. What were the problems experienced by Jose Rizal in Europe? I. Illness II. Homesickness III. Lack of
money IV. Poor academic performance
A. I-II C. II-III
B. I-III D. III-IV

20. What caused the dwindling of Jose Rizal‟s money in Europe? A. He gambled most of his money in
the lottery. B. The family‟s income fluctuated due to low production and high rent. C. His father was
having hard time sending him money due to Spaniard‟s suspicion. D. Jose Rizal was sickly and most of
his money were allotted for medical expenses.

21. Among the voluminous books read by Jose Rizal, which one was about free people?

A. Uncle Tom‟s Cabin

B. The Wandering Dew
C. The English Revolution
D. The Count of Monte Cristo

22. What inspired Jose Rizal in writing the poem To the Flowers of Heidelberg?

A. Longingness for his town and loved ones

B. Childhood memories in Ateneo Municipal
C. Scenic beauty of Heidelberg and other German cities
D. The experiences of his travels in different European countries

24. Which idea was NOT part of Jose Rizal‟s congratulatory toast for Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo?

A. Filipino youth as the hope of the fatherland

B. The freedom of the Philippines from Spain
C. The social condition and problems in the Philippines
D. The idea that genius or great achievement could be achieved regardless of nationality

25. Jose Rizal, finished the Noli Me Tangere in Feb 22, 1887. Who helped him in publishing the novel?

A. Juan Luna B. Maximo Viola C. Valentin Ventura D. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

LM05_SSCI 111_Rizalin Europe_part 2

1. Why did Jose Rizal‟s friends and family members wanted him not to go back to the Philippines?

A. Filipino revolutionaries will persuade him to join the revolution

B. He has not yet finished his works for the Propaganda movement
C. Spanish authorities will plot against him due to the Noli Me Tangere
D. The Spanish friars will excommunicate him and his family when he sets foot in the Philippines
2. What did Rizal do in Calamba after he returned from Europe?
A. He put up a clinic
B. He put up a school
C. He put up a studio
D. He put up a musem

3. Why did people flocked to Calamba?

A. For them to join the La Liga Filipina
B. For them to be treated by Jose Rizal
C. For them to sought jose Rizal‟s legal advice
D. For them to purchase copies of the Noli Me Tangere

4. Why was Jose Rizal summoned by the governor-general to Malacañan Palace?

A. To explain his sudden arrival
B. To pay respect to the governor-general who was his friend
C. To discuss the contents and implications of the Noli Me Tangere
D. To be investigated for being the honorary president of the propaganda movement

5. What was the real motive of the governor-general in assigning Jose Rizal a personal escort?
A. To help Jose Rizal in his clinic
B. To spy on Jose Rizal‟s plans and activities
C. To keep Jose Rizal away from Filipino revolutionaries
D. To ensure that Jose Rizal will not escape once investigated

6. Which DOES NOT describe the Noli Me Tangere according to the report of the committee appointed
by the governor-general to review the contents of the novel? It is __________.

A. Anti-Spain B. Anti-revolution C. Anti-revolution D. Anti-government

7. Why did the people of Calamba write a petition to the administrator of public islands of Laguna?

A. To stop the increase in the rent of lands

B. To oust the Dominican friars in Calamba
C. To demand fair market value of their agricultural products
D. To allow the people especially the women to be educated

8. Why did Jose Rizal leave the Philippines for Europe in February 1888?
A. To further his studies
B. To continue hid propaganda works
C. To avoid persecution from the Spanish authorities
D. To represent the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes

9. Who convinced Jose Rizal to go to Europe?

A. Paciano Rizal B. Jose Maria Basa C. Marcelo H. del Pilar D. Jose Taviel de Andrade

10. What country or place impressed Jose Rizal because of its people's courtesy, cleanliness and industry?
A. U.S.A. B. Japan C. Borneo D. Hong Kong

11. Which disgusted Jose Rizal when he visited United States of America?

A. The use of Jinrikisha

B. High cost of living
C. Very populous, dirty and busy streets
D. Discrimination to the Chinese and negro

12. Which work done by Jose Rizal corrected what has been falsified and distorted past and culture in the
Philippines prior to Spain‟s colonization as observed by the Spaniards?

A. El Filibusterismo
B. Philippines: A Century Hence
C. To The Young Women of Malolos
D. Annotation to the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

13. In his work "To the Young Women of Malolos" why did Rizal praise the young women of Malolos?

A. They exposed the abusive of Spanish friars

B. They fought against subjugation and slavery to men
C. They petitioned the Governor-General for their right to be educated
D. They were known in Europe because of their talents in singing and dancing

14. What could be inferred about the status of women in the society from Jose Rizal's 'To The Young
Women of Malolos'?

A. Women were not allowed to be educated like men

B. Women had a strong influence on the governor-general
C. Women were allowed to participated in civic and political affairs
D. Women were not given an opportunity to hold significant positions in the government

15. Which work done by Jose Rizal presented a historical review of the Philippines encompassing the
period of Spanish colonization and the emancipation of the Philippines from Spain?

A. El Filibusterismo
B. The Philippines: A Century Hence
C. To The Young Women of Malolos
D. Annotation to the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

16. Which is NOT part of Jose Rizal's Jose Rizal‟s predictions in 'The Philippines: A Century Hence'?

A. Philippines will prosper if Spain grant the reforms it needed

B. The Filipinos will try to be free from Spain through a revolution
C. The United States will have an interest in colonizing the Philippines
D. Spain will maintain her possession of the Philippines and defend it from other colonizers

17. What group was organized by Jose Rizal which encourages Filipinos to be proud of their race?
A. Indios Bravos
B. La Liga Filipina
C. Propaganda Movement
D. Circulo Hispano-Filipino

18. Where did Jose Rizal plan to establish a colony so that they could be free from the Spaniards?

A. Japan B. Borneo C. Macau D. Hong Kong

19. Which was an implication of the Noli Me Tangere?

A. The exile of Jose Rizal to Dapitan

B. The banishment of the Calamba people from Calamba la C. The manifesto demanding the ouster of the
Spanish friars
D. Jose Rizal’s petition regarding the increase rents in the hacienda of Dominican friars

20. Who helped Jose Rizal in the printing of the El Filibusterismo?

A. Juan Luna B. Maximo Viola C. Valentin Ventura D. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

LM06_La Liga Filipina and Life in Dapitan

1. Who accompanied Jose Rizal in going back to the Philippines in June 21, 1892?

A. Lucia Rizal B. Paciano Rizal C. Jose Maria Basa D. Josephine Bracken

2. Arrange the events chronologically. I. Rizal‟s exile in Dapitan II. Founding of the Katipunan III.
Founding of the La Liga Filipina IV. Arrest and detention of Rizal in Fort Santiago

A. I-III-IV-II
B. I-III-II-IV
C. III-II-I-IV
D. III-I-II-IV

3. When was the La Liga Filipina established?

A. July 3, 1892 B. July 6, 1982 C. October 6, 1896 D. December 30, 1896

4. Which is NOT part of the aims of the La Liga Filipina?

A. Mutual protection among Filipinos

B. Demand reforms from Spain
C. Unity of the Filipino people into one nation
D. Advancement of education, agriculture and commerce

5. What is the motto of the La Liga Filipina?

A. One like all B. Unity in diversity C. To God be the glory D. Honor and Excellence

6. Which describes the membership of the La Liga Filipina?

A. It is open for all who are willing

B. It is open only for the ilustrado and principalias
C. Membership is open but it requires going through a series of challenges
D. Membership is open but certain requirements and tests must be passed

7. How could one become a member of the La Liga Filipina? I. Approval of the council II. Passing the
required tests III. Surpassing the challenges IV. Rescinding allegiance to Spain

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. III and IV
D. I, II and III

8. The funds of the La Liga Filipina were used for __________. I. Publication of La Solidaridad II.
Purchase of guns and ammunition III. Loaning capital for members IV. Scholarships for members‟
children
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. III and IV

9. What caused the disbandment of La Liga Filipina?

A. The revolution broke out

B. The Spanish authorities declared it illegal
C. Jose Rizal was arrested and exile to Dapitan
D. Members quarreled about the organization‟s course of action
10. How is the La Liga Filipina different form the Propaganda movement?

A. The La Liga Filipina was well supported by the principalia classes while the Propaganda movement
was supported by the masses.
B. In the La Liga Filipina, Jose Rizal was the president and has great powers, while in the Propaganda
movement he was not elected as president and was not quite influential.
C. The La Liga Filipina aimed for the independence of the Philippines from Spain through a revolution,
while the Propaganda Movement aimed for the assimilation of the Philippines to Spain.
D. In the La Liga Filipina, all Filipinos will work together to improve their lives and the country while in
the Propaganda movement, the ilustrado were the only ones working for the betterment of the Philippines.

11. After the disbandment of the La Liga Filipina, members reorganized and the „society‟ was split into
two organizations. Which continued to support the Porpaganda movement in Europe by sending funds?

A. Katipunan B. Indios Bravos C. Circulo Hispano-Filipino D. Cuerpos Compromisarios

12. After the disbandment of the La Liga Filipina, members reorganized and the „society‟ was split into
two organizations. Which waged a rebellion from the Spanish colonial regime?

A. Katipunan B. Indios Bravos C. Circulo Hispano-Filipino D. Cuerpos Compromisarios

13. Which directly caused the deportation of Jose Rizal to Dapitan?

A. His novels B. The Katipunan C. The „Poor Friars‟ D. The La Liga Filipina

14. What was the activity of Jose Rizal and his students in the subject „nature study‟?

A. Studying the flora and fauna of Dapitan.

B. Making sketches or drawings with nature as the subject.
C. Studying ways on the conservation or preservation of the environment.
D. Collecting specimens of flowers, plants, shells, insects and reptiles.

15. How did Rizal earn or acquire surgical instruments and medical books while in Dapitan?

A. By betting on the lottery

B. By sending specimens to Europe
C. By the money paid to him by his patients
D. By the funds sent to him by his family members.

16. Which of the following could be inferred about Jose Rizal in his poem „Mi Retiro‟?

A. Rizal‟s love for Josephine Bracken.

B. Rizal‟s contentment of his life in Dapitan.
C. Rizal‟s concept of nation and nation-building.
D. Rizal‟s longingness to his family members especially to his mother.

17. Who was the woman whom Jose Rizal had fallen in love with in Dapitan?
A. Leonor Rivera B. Nelly Bausted C. Gertrude Becket D. Josephine Bracken

18. Why did Rizal‟s family oppose the marriage of Jose Rizal and Josephine Bracken?

A. Josephine Bracken was too young for Jose Rizal.

B. They didn‟t like Josephine for she was a foreigner and non-Catholic.
C. They suspected Josephine Bracken as a spy sent by the Spanish authorities.
D. They suspected that Josephine will only distract Jose Rizal in his works for the country.

19. How did Jose Rizal help in the improvement of agriculture in Dapitan?

A. He discovered various species of fruit bearing trees.

B. He constructed a water system that will irrigate the fields.
C. He purchased agricultural tools and taught the famers in using these.
D. He built a water reservoir or dam that will contain water for draught seasons.

20. What could be inferred from the meeting of Jose Rizal and Dr. Pio Valenzuela about the plans of the
Katipunan?

A. Jose Rizal was against the revolution.

B. Jose Rizal viewed the revolution as premature.
C. Jose Rizal was considered as a threat to the Katipunan.
D. Jose Rizal declared his allegiance to the Spanish colonial regime.

LM07_SSCI 111_Trial and Martyrdom

1. Arrange the following events in chronological order. I. Execution of Jose Rizal II. Jose Rizal was en
route to Cuba III. Detention of Rizal in Fort Santiago IV. The outbreak of the1896 Philippine revolution
A. II-III-IV-I
B. II-III-I-IV
C. II-IV-III-I
D. II-IV –I-III

2. Who disguised as a sailor in order to rescue Jose Rizal while on board of a ship going to Cuba?
A. Paciano Rizal B. Emilio Jacinto C. Andres Bonifacio D. Josephine Bracken
3. What ship carried Jose Rizal to Barcelona, Spain?

A. S.S. Colon B. M.V. Cebu C. SS. Espaňa D. M.V. Isla de Panay

4. Where was Jose Rizal detained after being arrested and brought back in the Philippines?

A. Fort Santiago B. Fort Bonifacio C. Montjuich Prioson D. Cuartel de Espaňa

5. What are the charges against Jose Rizal? I. Traitor to Spain II. Inciting rebellion III. Illegal association
IV. Mason and Anti-Church
A. I and III
B. I and IV
C. II and III
D. III and IV

6. Which DIRECTLY caused the arrest of Jose Rizal?

A. The outbreak of Philippine revolution

B. The establishment of the La Liga Filipina
C. His novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
D. The discovery of ‗Poor Friars‘ which was found in their luggage

7. What was the content of Jose Rizal‘s manifesto in December 15, 1896?

A. Rizal‘s sworn allegiance to Spain

B. Rizal‘s call for Filipinos to unite against Spain
C. Statement of Rizal‘s support to the revolution
D. Statement of Rizal that condemns the revolution

8. How did Jose Rizal describe the revolution in his December 15, 1896 manifesto?

A. Right and justified

B. Strong and violent
C. Vigorous and joyous
D. Absurd and disastrous

9. Who were the intended audience of Jose Rizal in his December 15, 1896 manifesto?

A. The principalias B. The revolutionaries C. The Spanish authorities D. The Filipinos in Europe

10. Which was NOT emphasized by Jose Rizal in his December 15, 1896 manifesto?

A. Education is a prerequisite of freedom

B. The study of civic virtues is needed to become worthy of freedom
C. Change in the society must come for the government or authorities rather than from the people
D. The revolution was justified by the failure of the Spanish authorities to grant the reforms needed for
the betterment of the people

11. Which was NOT part of Jose Rizal‘s intentions in his December 15, 1896 manifesto?

A. Condemn and stop the rebellion

B. Deny his participation in the rebellion
C. Swear allegiance to Spain and remain a loyal subject
D. Express the importance of education and civic virtues
12. Why did Jose Rizal issue a manifesto in December 15, 1896?

A. Defend himself from the accusations against him

B. Recommend reforms needed to pacify the rebellion
C. Inspire the Filipinos to follow his path of non-violence
D. Discuss the prerequisites needed for the rebellion to succeed

13. In his letters in December 30, 1896, to whom did Jose Rizal apologize for the pain he had caused
him/her?

A. Paciano Rizal B. Teaodora Alonso C. Francisco Mercado D. Josephine Bracken

14. What did Jose Rizal give Josephine Bracken before he was executed?
A. Alcohol burner
B. A book- ‗Imitation of Christ‘
C. The poem ‗Mi Ultimo Adios‘
D. A statuette of the sacred heart

15. What were the evidence presented against Jose Rizal?

A. Jose Rizal‘s novels and the La Liga Filipina

B. The letters of Jose Rizal to his fellow propagandists
C. Accounts about the several attempts of the Katipunan to help Jose Rizal escape
D. Accounts about Jose Rizal‘s name used as password and battle cry of the revolutionaries

16. Where was Jose Rizal secretly buried after he was executed?

A. Paco cemetery B. Manila Cathedral C. Intramuros cemetery D. Luneta de Bagumbayan

17. Who gave the title ‗Mi Ultimo Adios‘ to Jose Rizal‘s last poem?

A. Paciano Rizal B. Narcisa Rizal C. Mariano Ponce D. Josephine Bracken

18. Which could be inferred from the following stanza of the ‗Mi Ultimo Adios‘? ―On the field of
battle, fighting with delirium, others give you their lives without doubts, without gloom. The site nought
matters: cypress, laurel or lily: gibbet or open field: combat or cruel martyrdom are equal if demanded by
country and home.‖

I. Rizal praised the revolutionaries on the battlefield

II. Rizal emphasized that freedom could be acquired through non-violence
III. Rizal expressed the idea that the Spanish rule will soon be ended by the revolution and his martyrdom
IV. Rizal expressed the idea that revolutionaries and martyrs are the same if they die for the country

A. I and III B. I and IV C. II and III D. III and IV

19. Who was Jose Rizal referring to in these lines: ―Farewell, sweet foreigner – my darling, my delight!
‖?

A. Leonor Rivera
B. The Philippines
C. Teodora Alonso
D. Josephine Bracken

20. What did Rizal mean in these lines: ―O lovely: how lovely: to fall that you may rise! To perish that
you may live! ...‖?

A. Heroism means dying for one‘s convictions

B. Sacrificing one‘s life is necessary to let others live
C. Sacrificing one‘s life for the country is a great honor
D. To die for loved ones is the greatest form of love and honor