TEST 4

Part II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR

I. Choose the best word or phrase that best completes each sentence by circling the corresponding
letter A, B, C, or D. (10 points)
1. Many young people in the West are expected to leave ______ could be life’s most important decision
- marriage - almost entirely up to luck.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
2. Since drinking water is a ______ resource, we should let children know how precious it is, and teach
them to conserve it.
A. limitless B. limited C. limiting D. limitation
3. When disaster ______, organisations such as Oxfam quickly provide help.
A. comes B. approaches C. arrives D. strikes
4. The number of people traveling by air has been growing _______.
A. by leaps and bounds B. from time to time C. slow but sure D. by hook and crook
5. The boss told the workers that he would try his best to continue running the company and promised
not to ______ any employees during the economic recession.
A. cross out B. shut down C. lay off D. take over
6. Drug-taking is a crime which society simply cannot _________.
A. approve B. acknowledge C. consent D. condone
7. No one could __________ any light at all on the cause of the explosion.
A. put B. turn C. throw D. switch
8. You can’t just __________ your head in the sand – you’ve got to face up to the problem.
A. consign B. bury C. hide D. cover
9. The accident is said _______ the driver’s careless driving and the thick fog.
A. to have been resulted in B. to result from
C. having resulted in D. to have resulted from
10. I was scared ____________ when I looked down from the top of the cliff.
A. tight B. stiff C. hard D. solid

II. In the following text, there are ten words which are incorrect in terms of grammar or
vocabulary. Underline and correct them in the given spaces. (10 points)
Correction
Cars became popular as a quick and comfortable way of getting around. This is still true 0......√......
when you will drive along a quiet country road or a modern motorway. As far as getting ...
from one place to another in the city is concerned, it is a different story. Whenever I 00..drive…
want to get up anywhere in a hurry, I leave the car at home and go on foot. It often turns 1................
out to be much more quicker. I still make the mistake now and again of thinking the car 2................
is an efficient means of a transport. The other day my wife was feeling a bit under the 3................
weather. She had been having terrible headaches for some long time and she decided she 4................
couldn’t take it any more and asked from me to give her a lift to the doctor, whose 5................
surgery is in the center part of a town. We live in a suburb in the old quarter of the city 6................
and it is twenty minutes away on foot. On the way back, however, it is all up hill and I 7................
must to admit it can be exhausting, especially on a hot day. Reluctantly I got the car out 8................
of the garage and we set it off, muttering about the wonders of taxis. My heart sank as 9................
we hit the first traffic jam - I knew we were beginning a long journey. 10................

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IV. Fill in each gap of the following sentence with an appropriate particle or preposition. (10
points)
1. The problem stemmed_________________ the government’s lack of action.
2. The argument is centered_________________ whether or not to lower the age limit
3. Don’t waste time brooding________ you past failures.
4. I am afraid there is no milk left, we have to fall back____________ dried milk for our tea.
5. Tom got carried________________ by the music and wouldn’t stop singing.
6. I am going to stay at university and try to put________________ getting a job for a few years.
7. Her husband has been apprising_______________ the good news for their son.
8. She swims so well that she really should go in______________ the competition.
9. I almost creased_______________ when I heard Tim was going to play Romeo in the school play.
10. He is in a critical condition in hospital, so we’re praying he’ll pull_______________.
PART III. READING
I. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B. C or D) best fits each space. (10 points)
The archaeologist Howard Carter died in Egypt only five months after uncovering the tomb of
King Tutankhamen in the Upper Valley of the Nile. Twenty-five involved in the project also died within
a year of the excavation of the tomb. Newspapers at the time (1)__________ the deaths to the
“Mummy’s Curse” after a journalist (2)_____________ to have found a hieroglyphic inscription at the
entrance to the tomb. The writer Sir Authur Conan Doyle, creator of the famous fictional detective
Sherlock Holmes, also advanced the story, insisting that a “pharaoh’s curse” was (3)___________ for
the deaths. Doctors have long speculated that they (4)______________ victim to some sort of bacteria,
but now Dr. Nicola Di Paulo, a kidney disease expert and (5)______________ archaeologist, has
obtained the first clinical proof of the (6)_______________ growth of a (7)____________ toxic
microscopic fungus. “In tombs which have been closed for centuries, air and damp may penetrate
minute cracks in the walls, permitting the growth of poisonous moulds,” Di Paulo said recently. He
speculated that an explorer who entered a tomb that had been closed for centuries without using a mask
must have inhaled dust full of toxins from the mould. (8)_____________, he said, researchers handling
the mummy and other objects found in Tutankhanmen’s tomb could have breathed in the toxic mould.
While small (9)____________ are thought to be harmless, Di Paulo said long –term exposure could be
fatal, causing (10)____________ degeneration of the kidneys and liver.
1. A. blamed B. associated C.implicated D. attributed
2. A. said B. claimed C. held D. insisted
3. A. guilty B. responsible C. culpable D. reprehensible
4. A. fell B. felt C. became D. came
5. A. beginner B. apprentice C. amateur D. unprofessional
6. A. quick B. fast C. swift D. rapid
7. A. rather B. rarely C. highly D. absolutely
8. A. Likely B. Similarly C. Exactly D. Identically
9. A. quantities B. measures C. masses D. numbers
10. A. perilous B. grave C. severe D. dangerous
II. Read the text and think of a word which best fits each gap and write it into the gap. Use only
ONE word. (10 points)
SPECTATOR SPORTS
A surprising number of popular spectator sports, for example football or basketball, started in
Europe or the USA in the nineteenth century. This did not happen by chance. It was the result of
changes in the (1) ___________ people lived in those places at that time.
Until then (2) ___________ people lived in the country than in towns as they found their urban
life so complicated and pricey. They worked in small groups and seemed to have no regular time (3)

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___________. All this changed with the growth of factories and industry in the nineteenth century, first
in Europe and then in the USA. For the first time most people began to live in towns, and they found
themselves with regular free time. They had more leisure time than ever before.
This (4) ___________ in the need for organized entertainment or recreation. Suitable games
developed or (5) ___________ invented, typically team games, in (6) ___________ the crowded
could take sides and become involved. This gave people some of the entertainment or enjoyment they
needed in (7) ___________ free time.
The recent explosion in TV, together (8) __________ the introduction of satellite and cable
channels, (9) ___________ caused an increase in demand for sports as entertainment. The money TV
has brought to games such as football, tennis and baseball means that spectator sports will certainly go
on playing an important (10)___________ in our lives.

III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10. (10 points)
Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300
million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked into
the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More
than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to
replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent.
Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence.
The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any
other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids
contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice
sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during
the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold
currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.
Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest
of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast
quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more
substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for
minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these
minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash is
extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium is produced from sea water along the American Gulf
Coast.
1. The author’s main purpose in this passage is to ___________.
A. illustrate the importance of conserving water
B. describe the properties and uses of water
C. compare water with other liquids
D. explain how water is used in commerce and industry
2. The phrase “this vast amount” in line 4 of paragraph 1 refers to __________ .
A. 80,000 million cubic miles of water B. 24,000 cubic miles of rain
C. 80,000 cubic miles of water D. 300 million cubic miles of water
3. The word “replenish” in paragraph 1 can best replaced by ________ .
A. fill again B. replace C. evaporate D. form
4. According to the passage, fish can survive in the oceans because ________ .
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 A. evaporation and condensation create a water cycle B. there are currents in the oceans
C. they do not need oxygen D. ice floats
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characterisitic of water?
A. Water can absorb heat B. Water is good solvent.
C. Water contracts on cooling D. Water expands when it is frozen
6. The word “outstanding” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________ .
A. exceptionally good B. special C. amusing D. important
7. According the passage, the hydrosphere is NOT ___________ .
A. the part of the earth covered by water B. responsible for all forms of life
C. in danger of freezing over D. a source of natural resources
8. The author’s tone in the passage can best be described as ________ .
A. dispassionate B. speculative C. biased D. dogmatic
9. The author organizes the passage by _______.
A. juxtaposition of true and untrue ideas B. comparison and contrast
C. general statement followed by examples D. hypothesis and proof
10. Which of the following statements would be the most likely to begin the paragraph immediately
following the passage?
A. Water has the ability to erode land
B. Droughts and flooding are two types of disasters associated with water
C. Another remarkably property of ice is its strength
D. Magnesium is widely used in metallurgical processes

IV. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (20 points)
A. Famous for its beautiful setting, San Francisco is built on a series of steep hills located on the
northern tip of a peninsula at the entrance to San Francisco Bay. The bay and its extensions, constitute
one of the great natural harbors of the world, embracing nearly 1,200 sq km of water. Because of this,
San Francisco was once the major Pacific Coast seaport of the United States. Today the city is an
important center for finance, technology, tourism, and culture.
B. San Franciscans, and in some cases their counterparts in the Bay Area, have successfully undertaken
mammoth construction projects such as the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, the Golden Gate
Bridge, and the Bay Area Rapid Transit system. Since at least the 1950s, San Franciscans have also
earned a reputation for tolerance of and respect for diversity.
C. The most serious social problems facing the city are not unique to San Francisco, but some have
taken on greater dimensions in the city than they have elsewhere. One such problem is homelessness.
From 1988 to 1992, the plaza in front of city hall became an encampment for homeless people,
rendering other use impossible and raising public health concerns. The problem of homelessness persists
despite the efforts of city agencies and private charities to provide shelter, health care, and drug, alcohol,
and mental health treatment. In the mid-and late 1990s mayors Frank Jordan and Willie Brown both
sought to discourage homeless people from living in public space in the downtown area and, in Brown’s
case, in Golden Gate Park. However, residents of other areas complained that because of these projects,
the displaced homeless had moved into their neighborhoods.
D. In other areas the city has made some progress toward addressing social problems. As was true
across much of the nation, the crime rate in San Francisco dropped in the 1990s, as did the rate of drug-
related violence. In addition, some public housing projects in San Francisco that were especially prone
to violence and drug-related activity were razed and rebuilt with designs considered less likely to
encourage those activities. Other public housing projects received stepped up security patrols.

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E. Some social critics have pointed to an increasing economic and social polarization of San Francisco’s
population. Those who work in finance or high-tech fields are increasingly affluent, pushing rents and
home prices to among the highest levels in the nation. At the same time, people who labor in the service
sector often work for the minimum wage, cannot share the affluent lifestyles around them, and are hard-
pressed to afford rising rents. This economic polarization coincides in part with ethnic and educational
patterns. Workers in the low-wage end of the service sector are likely to have limited English
proficiency and a high-school education or less; many workers in those areas are also disproportionately
African American and Hispanic. By contrast, those people who work in the finance and high-tech
sectors are more likely to be white or Asian American and to have one or more college degrees.
Question 1-5: The five paragraphs of the Reading Passage are lettered A-E.
Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs  A-E from the list of headings below.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
List of headings
1. Paragraph A ________ i. The problems in San Francisco.
2. Paragraph B ________ ii. Geographic characteristics of San Francisco.
3. Paragraph C ________ iii. Ethnic and education patterns in San Francisco
4. Paragraph D ________ iv. San Francisco’s accomplishments.
5. Paragraph E ________ v. The problem of homelessness in San Francisco.
vi. The beauty of San Francisco
vii. Public security improvements in San Francisco.
viii. The problem of social economic polarization.

Questions 6-10: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In the spaces provided, write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information.
6. ______ San Francisco has achieved tremendous successes in construction.
7. ______ City agencies and private charities have succeeded in addressing the problem of
homelessness.
8. ______ The increasing economic polarization in San Francisco has no relation to ethnic and
educational patterns.
9. ______ Violence relating to drug use increased in the 1990s in San Francisco.
10. ______ In big cities like San Francisco, the more rich people there are, the higher the rent is.

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 Answer:
PART II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
I.
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B
II.
1. ∅
2. get up -> get
3.much more -> much
4. a transport -> transport
5. long time -> time
6.asked from -> asked
7. center part -> center
8. ∅
9. must to -> must
10. set it off -> set off

IV.
1.from 2.on/upon 3. on/over/about 4. on 5.away 6.off 7.of 8.for 9.up 10.through

PART III. READING

I.
1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C

II.
1.way 2.more 3.off 4.resulted 5.were 6.which 7.their 8.with 9.has 10.part

III.
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.A

IV.
1.ii 2.iv 3.v 4.vi 5.viii
6.T 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.NG
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