Group # 05 Complex Engineering Problem

Polymer Structures & Synthesis (PPE-201L)
Complex Engineering Problem to replace PVC sheets with

pilings
Submitted to:
“Dr. Yasir Qayyum Gill”
Submitted by:
“Group#5”
Asghar ansari (2020-PE-34)
Subhan Jahanzaib (2020-PE-20)
Ali Sajjad (2020-PE-22)
Hassan Waseem (2020-PE-19)
Department of Polymer and Process Engineering
Contents
1. Problem statement:............................................................................................................................3
2. Introduction:......................................................................................................................................3
3. Literature view:.................................................................................................................................4
3.1. Materials Used:..........................................................................................................................4
3.2. Process used in roads construction:..........................................................................................4
3.3. Schematic diagram:...................................................................................................................4
4. Problem:.............................................................................................................................................5
5. Solution:.............................................................................................................................................5
5.1. Lowering Melting Point of PET:..............................................................................................5
6. Procedure:..........................................................................................................................................5
7. Advantages:........................................................................................................................................5
8. Limitations:........................................................................................................................................6
9. Results and discussion:......................................................................................................................6
10. Conclusion:.....................................................................................................................................6
11. Suggestions:....................................................................................................................................6
12. References:.....................................................................................................................................6
1. Problem statement:
 To reuse PET waste by using it in roads construction.
 Suggest suitable process for using PET waste in Roads Construction.
2. Introduction:
The problem arising with polymeric waste is that it is causing environmental pollution. And
there are still no brakes on this increasing land pollution. The solution is suggested for the use of
polymer waste in roads construction. The problem of utilization of domestic and industrial
wastes is disclosed. The solution suggested is the use of polymer waste in roads construction. By
reusing polymer waste, we can reduce landfills of polymer waste and their direct discharge in the
environment that is harmful for human life and Environment.
Different polymers which are to be recycled are:
 LDPE
 HDPE
 PET
 PP
Figure 1 Polymer Waste

3. Literature view:
3.1. Materials Used:
 Aggregate: stone dust and lime as filler
 Bitumen: 60-100 grade
 Waste plastic: any except PVC
3.2. Process used in roads construction:

The plastic waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen and the resulting mix is used for the road
construction. The road temperature remain in this procedure is about 110-120 oC.
Figure 2 polymer road construction
3.3.Schematic diagram:
Figure 3 schematic diagram of polymer road manufacturing

4. Problem:
The problem arising is the melting point of the PET. The melting point of the Bitumen is about
116oC and the melting point of the PET is about 260oC. So, for mixing them, this melting range
is not feasible.
5. Solution:
We can use polymer wastes in roads construction. In our problem statement, we use PET. Other
polymers are being used in the market now a days. But PET is not so common. So, we will use
PET in roads construction. PET aggregate is made and the mix with the bitumen. We will
propose a solution to lower the melting point of the PET. There are different techniques that can
be used to lower the melting point of PET
5.1. Lowering Melting Point of PET:
 By blending with lower melting point fully miscible polymer the melting point can be
lowered. However, it will be better if chemical method is adopted.
5.2. Grafting of Polymers
 Grafting can be done by using extruder. Grafted material will have lower melting point.
6. Procedure:
To use PET in road construction, follow this procedure:
 Take the PET, and crush it to small pieces.
 Then heat it up to their melting point. After melting, add stones and binders to make a
viscous solution.
 When the roads are already planed enough, then pour this material on the road ground.
 Then wait for the drying of it.
7. Advantages:
Following are the advantages of using PET in roads construction:
 This process finds a lot of advantage in reusing of plastic PET waste.
 It shall be a healthy step towards reducing land pollution.
 Moving towards PET can be helpful in long lasting roads construction.
 By using different kinds of stabilizers, we can enhance the properties of PET that can
give us a high impact strength and load resistance.
 As different polymers are being used in roads construction, but here we are dealing with
PET because we have to deal with increasing land pollution.
8. Limitations:
Following are the limitations of this process:
 This process is somehow costly but can be an asset against increasing pollution rate.
 PET needs to be melted at 180-240℃. It means we have to provide this high temperature
first, to start this process.
 Also, some stabilizers and binders are required in this process.
 Labor is also required to control and to complete this process.
9. Results and discussion:

The result of this experiment says that PET waste can be used as a vital material in roads
construction in replacement of asphalt. It is very suitable to use the PET waste in this regard as it
is suitable to control the land pollution that is increasing at a fatal rate.
10. Conclusion:
It is concluded from above discussion that PET waste can be used as an alternative of asphalt in
roads construction. And mainly, it will help to control the increasing land pollution.
11. Suggestions:
The government of Pakistan should start working on it as it will be a very helpful step in saving
our environment from this non-biodegradable PET. And also working on it will open new doors
of its innovation.
12. References:
 https://d3hnfqimznafg0.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20210319101439/ri/750/src/
images/Article_Images/ImageForArticle_1189_16161632736447928.jpg
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net
%2Ffigure%2FSchematic-flow-diagram-of-plastic-coated-bitumen-
road_fig3_338791359&psig=AOvVaw1NXN2kI1W9CV1aS_wb-
6Jm&ust=1640272111859000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCJje_pr
Y9_QCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Group # 05 Complex Engineering Problem

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Polymer Structures & Synthesis (PPE-201L)

Complex Engineering Problem to replace PVC sheets with

Department of Polymer and Process Engineering

Figure 1 Polymer Waste

3.2. Process used in roads construction:

Figure 2 polymer road construction

Figure 3 schematic diagram of polymer road manufacturing

9. Results and discussion:

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