CORN HAMMER MILL

ALEJO, AARON JAMES

INTRODUCTION:

Agricultural machinery refers to hand tools, animal drawn implements and power-

operated equipment used for performing various field operations in the production of agricultural

crops. For a machine to function, it must be provided with an input of physical work by a source

of power: human, animal or mechanical power. Human labour is characterized by a limited

power output counterbalanced by versatility and judgement. Animal power is of enormous

importance in throughout the world. The use of farm machinery helps to achieve improved

timeliness of farm operations and efficient use of inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilizers,

chemicals and irrigation water to enhance productivity of land and labour. The use of farm

machinery also reduces drudgery on the farm.

Agricultural industry of milling originally relies on manual labour. Quite a substantial

proportion of rural households still hand-grind grains, using a stone grinder, or pound the grain

into flour, using a pound and pestle. The Corn hammer mill aims to improve the efficiency of

milling corn and to prioritizing the promotion of flint corn, as a food staple in the Cordillera is a

losing venture. There is no local demand for the crop since the population has not been eating

rice mixed with corn, or corn alone as a food staple. Engine driven grain millers have been

extremely used but using this type of machine releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases, which in turn trap heat in our atmosphere, making them the primary contributors to global

warming and climate change.

This study seeks to design and manufacture a prototype mill that will address the needs

of the communities in question. Initial testing on existing milling equipment generated a

quantitative understanding of the strengths and shortfalls of the available machines, and

informed the design of a new thrill.

Most food substances have its origin in plants, although some foods are obtained directly

from plants and others from animal. However, even animals that are used as food sources are

raised by feeding them food, which are derived from plants. Grains have been cultivated for

thousands of years and they have been a major component of the human diet. Additionally, any

food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley or another cereal is a grain product. These

refined grain products are used in the making of bread, pasta, oatmeal, breakfast cereals, tortillas,

and grits. Cereal grain is a staple food that provides more food energy worldwide than any other

type of crop. Corn wheat, and rice & in all of their varieties & account for 87% of all grain

production worldwide.

Most farmers spent much time, and effort in manual grinding. This was often carried out

on hand-mills which consisted of two large fat stone, rubbing each stone in order to grind the

grain. There is no question that the freshly ground grain is the best tasting and the most

nutritional. With countless health benefits and not to mention the grainy natural taste provided by

the newly grounded corn, wheat or other grains. So if you wish to lead a healthier (and tastier)

life then get out there and get yourself a best grain grinder.

The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals such as wheat and rice, and

legumes such as beans and soybeans. After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than

other staple foods such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes,

cassava, and more). Hence, this durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture,

since they can be mechanically harvested, transported, stored and milled for flour.
https://www.academia.edu/27186173/
DESIGN_AND_FABRICATION_OF_A_MILL_PULVERIZER

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The main objective of the researchers is to design and fabricate a modernized and portable

milling machine. More efficient than other milling machine, faster pulverization and less dust

spillage is minimized which improves the quality and quantity of the cornmeal produced.

1. To introduce a more efficient way of milling.

2. To design a machine that can help our Farmers for efficient agricultural production.

3. To develop a compact and portable in size allowing for easy transportation and less

installation space.

4. To design a Corn hammer mill, which will be cost effective, and reasonably affordable.

5. To fabricate a machine which will be easy to operate and maintain incorporated to

vibration and noise.

6. To design a Corn hammer mill which will reduce the time of production and easy to

operate and maintain.

7. To develop a fully integrated machine which will be able to pulverize and granulate

various grains.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS:

THE SCOPE

1. The study focuses on the granulated and fine powdery texture of corn meal that will be

obtained by grinding the corn grain.

2. It will also consider the design that should be incorporated into the design of the

machine to obtain maximum efficiency during pulverisation.

3. The Corn hammer mill is basically used for agricultural application and other

various area of manufacturing where the need is of high importance.

THE LIMITATION

1. It can only pulverize dry corn grain and other type of grain that can be pulverized.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The researchers believe that this study will be a great help to the following:

1To improve the agricultural development of our local Farmers.

2. In Abra refined grain flour are used for the production of bread, crackers and noodles

(Miki).

3. Those next researchers who seeks more information and innovation.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The use of grinding machine is one of the oldest and simplest methods of processing

agricultural raw material alternative to the traditional methods of grain processing using stone,

mortar and pestle. However, in considering the food processing industry, it has been

characterised by a labour and production output shortage due to the lack of support by the

government and the ideology on the pursuit of white collar jobs by most Farmers. Now due to

the failing of its agricultural sector now depends on mostly imported refined grains to meet up

with the high demand and shortage of processed food. Although there have been recent

developments which has led to the Mechanization of most field activities in agriculture, and to a

certain extent it has overcome some basic challenges faced by small scale farmers and local food

processing industries.

The advancement of science and technology reduces complexities from many agricultural

processes. Modern technologies in area of irrigation, plantation, harvesting, has made the entire

agricultural cycle more economical and easier than ever. This led to the fabrication of various

machineries such as feed mill, grain dryers, rice huller, winnowing machine, threshing machine

etc. These machines are co Mechanization was not only used to replace human labour but also

increased productivity and the areas covered. Over the years there have been various

modification made on theses equipment so as to increase its output efficiency and specialization.

Thus the development of a mill pulveriser. This system consists of a conventional hammer mill

integrated with a blower and a sieve. Which aids the pulverization by making only fine grounded

grain particles is being covey through its passage unit and stored.
 A mill pulveriser is a modification of a hammer mill that utilizes air flow to separate

various particles. The development of a mill pulveriser incorporates the design of a hammer mill

and a blower. A hammer mill is a type of crusher, which can be used for grinding rock, forage,

grains or other large size particles into smaller pieces by the repeated blows of little hammers. It

is designed to convert larger pieces of material into smaller particle sizes.

A mill is a device that breaks solid materials into smaller pieces by grinding, crushing, or

cutting. Such combination is an important unit operation in many processes. There are many

different types of mills and many types of materials processed in them. Historically mills were

powered by hand (e.g., via a hand crank), working animal (e.g., horse mill), wind (windmill) or

water (watermill). Today they are usually powered by electricity. The grinding of solid matters

occurs under exposure of mechanical forces that trench the structure by overcoming of the

interior bonding forces. After the grinding the state of the solid is changed: the grain size, the

grain size disposition and the grain shape.

Milling could also be referred to the process of breaking down, separating, sizing, or

classifying aggregate material. For instance, rock crushing or grinding to produce uniform

aggregate size for construction purposes, or separation of rock, soil or aggregate material for the

purposes of structural fill or land reclamation activities.

Grinding may serve the following purposes in engineering:

1. Increase of the surface area of a solid.

2. Manufacturing of a solid with a desired grain size.

3. Pulping of resources.

For the purpose of our study we will be considering majorly mill pulveriser. Which is the most

effect type of mill for achieving high quality refined grains.

swinging hammers, which reduce rock, grains or similarly hard objects to a predetermined size

through a perforated screen.

A mill pulveriser commonly known as a screen less hammer mill is like a regular

hammer mills, is used to pound grain. However, rather than a screen, it uses air flow to separate

small particles from larger ones. Conventional hammer mills in poor and remote areas, such as

many parts of Africa, suffer from the problem that screens break easily, and cannot be easily

bought, made or repaired. Thus regular hammer mills break down and fall into disuse. The

screen less hammer mill uses air flow to separate small particles from larger ones, rather than a

screen, and is thus more reliable. The screen less hammer mill is claimed to be 25% cheaper and

much more energy efficient than regular hammer mills, as well as more reliable.

Hammer mills pulveriser are widely utilized in the agricultural, wood, mining and

chemical industries. The farmers rely on ancient and antiquated methods that are inefficient for

storing the grains and processing thus lead to large storage losses due to rodents, damp, fungi and

natural decay. Furthermore, the grains and other similar farm products in their unprocessed states

are bulky, difficult to transport and fetch very low prices in the market. This is a major cause of

poverty amongst rural farmers that encourages them to rural-urban migration. Thus, to guarantee

access to food, reduce rural-urban migration and encourage sustainable development, the

processing of agricultural products like grains or solid minerals like clays and feldspars into

more valuable products by the use of hammer mills must be encouraged and fostered
THEORIES THAT HAVE BEEN BEARING ON THE PROBLEM:

(a) Design faults

(b) Construction faults

(c) Difficulty of financing

(d) Organizational problems arising from the differences of approaches and lack of

coordination.

All these aspects need to be taken into account. Therefore, the general design was based

on the process of allowing a strong and durable metallic object inform of shredder to grind any

material that obstruct its way during operation, thereby resulting into breakage of the material

which can also be referred to as size reduction in commination operation. This usually occurs in

an enclosed chamber called the crushing chamber. From which it falls through a sieve located

directly under the crushing chamber. The physical and mechanical properties of the mineral to be

crushed were studied. The engineering properties and some other parameters are the main factors

considered before design of the machine.

IINPUT:
 Problems and theories of efficient and portable of

grain milling

 Theories and principles of Corn hammer mill

PROCESS:
 Conceptualization of theories and principles

 Fabrication of prototype

 Testing

OUTPUT:
 Corn hammer mill
Corn Hammer Mill
Exploded view
Types of Screen
HYPOTHESES:

1. Corn hammer mill will be an efficient milling machine as the conventional mill pulveriser.

2. Corn hammer mill will be most preferable milling machine for our local farmers.
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY:

Design is the transformation of concepts and ideas into useful machinery. The procedures

in the design and construction of the Corn hammer mill machine are explained. Theoretical

design and material selection:

The materials for the construction of the Corn hammer mill machine are: the shaft,

pulley, belt, electric motor, the bearing, the mild steel plates, mild steel and angle. These

materials were selected based on the power requirement in the milling of dried corn grain to

flour. Thus, the power required for its milling is low.

The major components of the Corn hammer mill are:

Inlet tray/Hopper: This is the pathway through which the material to grinded will be pour into

the hammer mill. Inside the tray, we have a gate which is used in regulating the flow of feed into

the crushing chamber of the corn mill.

Throat: This provides the passage for the material to be grind into the crushing chamber.

Crushing chamber: This is unit houses the rotor that holds the beaters and the screen for

sieving.

Mill body: The hammer mill body is made in such a way that it can easily be assembled &

disassembled.

Crusher/Beaters: The crusher/beaters are metal that does the grinding of material.

Screen: The screen act as a sieve for grinded materials before it will be finally discharged. It has

many hole which will act as the sieve for the grinded material.

Bearings: The bearings provide sliding motion between the main shaft and the shaft holding the

hammers.

Discharge: This is the section through which the grinded material will be discharged.

Table or stand: This is the platform on which the whole machine is mounted.

Electric Motor: As the prime mover of the machine through belt transmission.

Pulleys: The driver pulley is mounted on the mechanical drive engine while the driven pulley is

mounted on the rotor of the corn mill machine.