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    Solar Radiation On A Tilted Surface: Res/ Principles of Solar Radiation/ Goldvin Sugirtha Dhas.B, Ap/Eee 1

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    shanu
    The power incident on a PV module depends on the angle between the module and the sun, with maximum power achieved when they are perpendicular. As the sun's angle changes continually, the power on a fixed module is less. The amount of solar radiation on a tilted surface is the component perpendicular to it. Equations relate the radiation on a tilted surface to that on a horizontal surface or perpendicular to the sun. The tilt angle impacts the radiation significantly. For maximum annual output, the tilt equals the latitude. Steeper tilts optimize winter output while lower tilts use more summer light. Simulation shows the effect of latitude and tilt on annual radiation without clouds.

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    Solar Radiation On A Tilted Surface: Res/ Principles of Solar Radiation/ Goldvin Sugirtha Dhas.B, Ap/Eee 1

    Uploaded by

    shanu
    13 views3 pages
    The power incident on a PV module depends on the angle between the module and the sun, with maximum power achieved when they are perpendicular. As the sun's angle changes continually, the power on a fixed module is less. The amount of solar radiation on a tilted surface is the component perpendicular to it. Equations relate the radiation on a tilted surface to that on a horizontal surface or perpendicular to the sun. The tilt angle impacts the radiation significantly. For maximum annual output, the tilt equals the latitude. Steeper tilts optimize winter output while lower tilts use more summer light. Simulation shows the effect of latitude and tilt on annual radiation without clouds.

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    The power incident on a PV module depends on the angle between the module and the sun, with maximum power achieved when they are perpendicular. As the sun's angle changes continually, the power on a fixed module is less. The amount of solar radiation on a tilted surface is the component perpendicular to it. Equations relate the radiation on a tilted surface to that on a horizontal surface or perpendicular to the sun. The tilt angle impacts the radiation significantly. For maximum annual output, the tilt equals the latitude. Steeper tilts optimize winter output while lower tilts use more summer light. Simulation shows the effect of latitude and tilt on annual radiation without clouds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views3 pages

    Solar Radiation On A Tilted Surface: Res/ Principles of Solar Radiation/ Goldvin Sugirtha Dhas.B, Ap/Eee 1

    Uploaded by

    shanu
    The power incident on a PV module depends on the angle between the module and the sun, with maximum power achieved when they are perpendicular. As the sun's angle changes continually, the power on a fixed module is less. The amount of solar radiation on a tilted surface is the component perpendicular to it. Equations relate the radiation on a tilted surface to that on a horizontal surface or perpendicular to the sun. The tilt angle impacts the radiation significantly. For maximum annual output, the tilt equals the latitude. Steeper tilts optimize winter output while lower tilts use more summer light. Simulation shows the effect of latitude and tilt on annual radiation without clouds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Solar Radiation on a Tilted Surface

    The power incident on a PV module depends not only on the power contained in the sunlight, but
    also on the angle between the module and the sun. When the absorbing surface and the sunlight
    are perpendicular to each other, the power density on the surface is equal to that of the sunlight
    (in other words, the power density will always be at its maximum when the PV module is
    perpendicular to the sun). However, as the angle between the sun and a fixed surface is
    continually changing, the power density on a fixed PV module is less than that of the incident
    sunlight.

    The amount of solar radiation incident on a tilted module surface is the component of the
    incident solar radiation which is perpendicular to the module surface. The following figure
    shows how to calculate the radiation incident on a tilted surface (Smodule) given either the solar
    radiation measured on horizontal surface (Shoriz) or the solar radiation measured perpendicular to
    the sun (Sincident).

    Figure.1 Tilting the module to the incoming light reduces the module output.

    RES/ PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR RADIATION/ GOLDVIN SUGIRTHA DHAS.B, AP/EEE


    1
    The equations relating Smodule, Shoriz and Sincident are:

    where
    α is the elevation angle; and
    β is the tilt angle of the module measured from the horizontal.

    The elevation angle has been previously given as:

    where φ is the latitude; and


    δ is the declination angle previously given as:

    where d is the day of the year. Note that from simple math (284+d) is equivalent to (d-81) which
    was used before. Two equations are used interchangeably in literature.

    From these equations a relationship between Smodule and Shoriz can be determined as:

    RES/ PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR RADIATION/ GOLDVIN SUGIRTHA DHAS.B, AP/EEE


    2
    The tilt angle has a major impact on the solar radiation incident on a surface. For a fixed tilt
    angle, the maximum power over the course of a year is obtained when the tilt angle is equal to
    the latitude of the location. However, steeper tilt angles are optimized for large winter loads,
    while lower title angles use a greater fraction of light in the summer. The simulation below
    calculates the maximum number of solar insolation as a function of latitude and module angle.

    Figure.2 The effect of latitude and module tilt on the solar radiation received throughout the year
    in W.h.m-2.day-1 without cloud.

    RES/ PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR RADIATION/ GOLDVIN SUGIRTHA DHAS.B, AP/EEE


    3

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