Math 102

Performance Task

Group 2
Jistine Mae Ayala
Ysabelle Anne Mawile
Shenna April Rico
Grade 12 Barruel B

November 23, 2020

Ms. Maria Salvacion Salilima
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page……………………………………………………………………………………….i

Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………..2

Introduction of the context of research……………………………………………………......3

Data Table………………………………………………………………………………………..4

Table 1 The number of positive of positives in Cagayan

de Oro City for September 2020……………………………………….4

Excel Screenshot of the Summary of Data……………………………………………………6

Figure 1 Excel Screenshot for Data Summary of z-Test……………………….6

Figure 2 Excel Screenshot for Data Summary of t-Test………………………..7

Hypothesis Test………………………………………………………………………………….8

Interpretation and Recommendation…………………………………………………………10

Individual Reflection Paper: “My Math 102 Journey”……………………………………….11

Challenging……………………………………………………………………………..12

Variety…………………………………………………………………………………..13

A Rollercoaster Ride…………………………………………………………………...14

Attachments…………………………………………………………………………………….15

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 Introduction of the context of the research

Everywhere in this world we are experiencing a difficult situation endangering our

health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the health crisis as a
pandemic. We have been warned by the WHO on how to handle the situation. Thus, in
this regard we are abiding by the health protocols being imposed on communities. From
practicing personal hygiene, social distancing in public spaces, monitoring and
assessment for contact tracing and many more.

In this research, we serve as researchers aiming to inform the public about the
data we have gathered. According to the recent news, the number of positive cases of
COVID 19 here in Cagayan de Oro (Region X) is rapidly increasing. The researchers are
tasked to analyze, solve and interpret the data. With this, the given average number of
positive cases in Cagayan de Oro for the month of August is 6.9.

The researchers will conduct this by gathering data for 30 consecutive days (z-
test) and 15 consecutive days (t-test). The data of the 15 days are found within the 30
days data. Using the concepts learned from Hypothesis Testing, the researchers will
apply the knowledge into formulating a conclusion based from the computed results found
in the next pages of this portfolio.

The researchers objectively aim to find out: (1) the average number of positive
cases in CDO for the month of September and its standard deviation (2) conduct
hypothesis testing and (3) to arrive at a decision to prove whether the cases have indeed
increased or not.

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 Data Table
The number of positive cases Cagayan de Oro, Northern Mindanao (Region X) for
the month of September 2020.
Date Number of Positive Cases

September 01, 2020 10

September 02, 2020 9

September 03, 2020 8

September 04, 2020 10

September 05, 2020 10

September 06, 2020 3

September 07, 2020 16

September 08, 2020 10

September 09, 2020 17

September 10, 2020 9

September 11, 2020 28

September 12, 2020 15

September 13, 2020 7

September 14, 2020 11

September 15, 2020 14

September 16, 2020 9

September 17, 2020 14

September 18, 2020 19

September 19, 2020 20

September 20, 2020 15

September 21, 2020 15

September 22, 2020 16

September 23, 2020 15

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September 24, 2020 15

September 25, 2020 18

September 26, 2020 20

September 27, 2020 29

September 28, 2020 46

September 29, 2020 15

September 30, 2020 13

Table 01. The number of positive cases in Cagayan de Oro, Northern Mindanao
(Region 10) for the month of September 2020.

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 Excel Screenshot of the Summary of Data

Based on the summary data below for the consecutive 30 days, the appropriate
test statistic is the z-test due to the sample size of 30. With the population mean of 6.9
positive cases for the month of August 2020, the computed sample mean is 15.2 positive
cases with the sample standard deviation of 8.08 (the square root the variance 65.29)
for the month of September 2020. Due to the nature of the research, the researchers
assume a significance level of 5% or 0.05. With this, our critical value is 1.645 with a
rejection region of z > 1.645. And finally, our computed value of the test statistic is 5.63.

Figure 1. Excel Screenshot for Data Summary of z-Test

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 Based on the summary data below for the consecutive 15 days, the appropriate
test statistic is the t-test due to the sample size of less than 30. With the population mean
of 6.9 positive cases for the month of August 2020, the computed sample mean is 11.8
positive cases with the sample standard deviation of 5.77 (the square root the variance
33.31) for the month of September 2020. Due to the nature of the research, the
researchers assume a significance level of 5% or 0.05. With this, our critical value is 1.76
with a rejection region of z > 1.76. Thus, our computed value of the test statistic is 3.29.

Figure 2. Excel Screenshot for Data Summary of t-Test.

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 Hypothesis Test

The average number of positive cases of COVID 19 in CDO is 6.9 for the months
of August. According to the recent news, there is a rapid increase of positive cases of
COVID 19 in Region X. The Barangay Officials want to find out if this is true. The
researchers gathered data of the number of positive cases in Cagayan de Oro for 30
consecutive days (z-test) and 15 consecutive days (t-test) to conduct a hypothesis testing.
Using a 0.05 level of significance, can it be concluded that there is indeed a rapid increase
in the number of positive cases in CDO?

Hypothesis testing for the selected 30 day results (Z-test) using the average
positive cases in CDO for the month of September 2020.

S1. Ho: µ = 6.9 (claim)

The number of COVID-19 positive cases in CDO for the month of
August does not differ significantly from 6.9
Hɑ: µ > 6.9
The number of COVID-19 positive cases in CDO for the Month of
August differ significantly from 6.9

S2. α = 0.05

S3. Since n=30, z-test.

S4. Critical Value is 1.645

Rejection region is Z > 1.645

S5.

.
S6. Since the computed Z-value based on the sample is more than 1.645, we
reject Ho. There is enough evidence to conclude that the average positive number
of COVID-19 was 6.9. Thus, we can conclude that the number of COVID-19
positive cases in CDO for the Month of August differ significantly from 6.9

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 Hypothesis testing for the selected 15 day results (T-test) using the average
positive cases in CDO for the month of September 2020.

S1. Ho: µ = 6.9 (claim)

The number of positive cases of COVID 19 in CDO for the month of
August does not differ significantly from 6.9
Hɑ: µ > 6.9
The number of positive cases of COVID 19 in CDO for the Month of
August differ significantly from 6.9

S2. α = 0.05

S3. Since n = 15, t-test.

S4. df =n-1 CV = (df,α) Critical value is 1.76

= 15 - 1 = (14, 0.05) Rejection region is t > 1.76
= 14 = 1.761310

S5.

S6. Since the computed Z-value based on the sample is more than 1.76, we
reject Ho. There is enough evidence to conclude that the average positive number
of COVID-19 was 6.9. Thus, we can conclude that the number of COVID-19
positive cases in CDO for the Month of August differ significantly from 6.9

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 Interpretation and Recommendation

This study was conducted in order to find out the number of positive cases of
COVID 19 in Cagayan de Oro. According to the recent news, the number of positive cases
is rapidly increasing. In line with this, this paper sought to determine the number of
positive cases of COVID 19 in CDO through the use of the concepts learned in Hypothesis
Testing. The researchers objectively aimed to find out: (1) the average number of positive
cases in CDO for the month of September and its standard deviation (2) conduct
hypothesis testing and (3) to arrive at a decision to prove whether the cases have indeed
increased or not. The researchers gathered data from 30 consecutive days (z-test) and
15 consecutive days (t-test) which were solved and analyzed. The researchers used the
data of the average number of positive cases in CDO for the month of August which is
equal to 6.9.

The population mean used then in this paper is 6.9. Based on the computed data
summary in the excel screenshot, the average number of positive cases in CDO for 30
consecutive days (z-test) is equal to 15.2. Meanwhile, the average number of positive
cases in CDO for 15 consecutive days (t-test) is equal to 11.8 with data from the month
of September. These two averages were used as sample means in the computation. In
addition to this, the standard deviation for the z-test 8.08 and 5.77 for t-test.

The conducted hypothesis testing for the z-test showed that assuming the level of
significance applied in this study is 0.05, then our rejection region would be to reject the
null hypothesis if the computed test statistic is greater than 1.645. Based on the
computation in the previous pages, it is equal to 5.63. Meanwhile the conducted
hypothesis testing for t-test assumes the level of significance of 0.05 and degrees of
freedom of 14, then our rejection region is to reject the null hypothesis if the computed
test statistic is greater than 1.76. Based on the computation, our test statistic is equal to
3.29.

Based on the computed test statistic in the previous page, the two decisions from
both the z-test (30 consecutive day) and t-test (15 consecutive day) conclude to reject the
null hypothesis due to the fact that there is enough evidence that the number of positive
cases in CDO differs significantly from 6.9. The alternative hypothesis from the two tests
show “the mean number of positive cases of COVID 19 in CDO is greater than 6.9”.

The increased mean number of positive cases in September (15.2 and 11.8)
compared to August (6.9) is one. Secondly, the computed test statistics from both tests
were also greater than the critical value and are part of the rejection region. And lastly,
the both of the final decisions came to reject the null hypothesis. With this, the data shown
has enough evidence to reject the said claims that the average number of positive cases
does not differ significantly from 6.9. It is interpreted that both alternative hypotheses
prove to be true. That indeed, there is a rapid increase of positive cases of COVID 19 in
CDO. By this, the researchers highly recommend the to the following sector/s or groups
of people:

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 Future Researchers. The students who are or will also dive into the lectures of
Statistics and Probability could use this paper to guide them in their endeavors. The next
group of researchers should fill in the gaps that this paper has failed to recognize such
as the following months to find out if the cases have yet to decrease in number. This
paper should help those professionals that specialize in the field of science and research
and development aiming to directly intervene in this said health crisis for the betterment
of the welfare of the masses.

The public. The public should be aware of the current situation of the city in terms
of test positivity. With the given data results and the conclusion from the hypothesis
testing, they should be vigilant in order to protect not only themselves but other people
as well. Practicing the health protocols given by the government and frontliners are one
of the things that they can contribute in order to flatten the curve.

Local Government Unit. This paper will be able to assist in the identification of
the spread of the virus throughout the city. The researchers also suggest that the
government give out information that is clear, timely, and comprehensive in order to warn
the public about certain areas in the city that have high rates of test positivity.

Health Expert. This paper can be used to appeal assistance for the health workers
or frontliners that aim to protect and serve the people in their health. It will provide them
data of the number of positive cases in the city in the past month. Furthermore, they will
also be able to point out whether the number of positive cases have increased or not.

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 Individual Reflection Paper
My Math 102 Journey

Challenging

Written by Jistine Mae Ayala

My Math 102 journey is that, in learning the basics of statistics at the start it is
easily understood but in the process it is getting harder and harder because I cannot
easily cope with the lessons and it confuses me in some way. I learned that in learning
this subject I must really know how to analyze the problem for me to better understand
how to solve the word problem.

In learning this subject it is very essential for us students to study this since it helps us to
analyze data and to predict possible outcomes that can be helpful in our research and in
the future as this also helps us to the career we want in the future. Also in learning this
subject one must learn the basic formula so that we will not be confused on what formula
to use in answering the word problem. One should also analyze properly the word
problem so that it will not go wrong no matter what the word problem is being written. In
answering the word problem, I should always double check my answers and not to forget
the steps to be followed and observed. Especially using the statistical statement, putting
equations and labeling it.

In general, my Math journey was challenging to me yet I got to survive it by studying at

night, listening to the teacher, reading the learning packet and practicing to answer word
problems because in this way I can learn to fully understand it. Also, this subject will really
help me a lot since we can use this in our daily life.

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 Variety
Written by Ysabelle Anne A. Mawile

My Math 102 Journey started with me complaining to my mom that we have this
subject this semester and that she shouldn’t expect too much on me towards this certain
subject because truth be told- I mean, I wasn’t that dumb enough not to know how to use
a calculator and to do the steps but the only problem was that I could easily forget the
steps and would eventually lead me to not having the energy to answer it and just be like
“nah, why do I even have to do this? I chose this strand so that I could dodge numbers
and equations” but that wasn’t the case for me. I have to bear the thought that I could do
it and have the patience to actually remember and execute it.

What I learned throughout the time given for us to study statistics and probability
would be to use full focus and use critical thinking, because of the reason that probability
lectures test your understanding in the sense that it requires you to comprehend what the
word problem is trying to tell you. It’s basically just talking to a dog where you should think
what it is saying and to just do your best. I think that when you have those two specific
attitudes, one can achieve their objectives in studying statistics and probability, it is also
important to keep in mind that you should review and do practices-the steps and ways in
order to avoid mistakes when doing so. Life is full of surprises and one thing that surprised
me most was that I actually enjoyed the journey towards learning these tests and works
because it’s fun. The frustrations, questions, adrenaline and late night sleep because
throughout the day- I mean to me, I work best at night so that’s why I tend to sleep very
late- I can finish the work with a sigh of relief that I can say the words “I did it” and it would
be a satisfying feeling of success.

My journey has been a variety from doubting myself if I can proceed to college and
if I would be successful in life and actually attain a job if I studied this, to thinking that I
actually have a shot at least having a line of 9 in my card and actually make my parents
proud even though it's a hard time for everyone because of the pandemic and other
concerns, but I can safely say that I learned a lot now more than ever. A variety of thoughts
will always lead to an array of answers.

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 A Rollercoaster Ride
Written by Shenna April Rico

This Math 102 Journey can be traced back to our experience in our Research in
Daily Life 202 during the first quarter. We were learning about the different statistical
techniques used in analyzing data, however, I did not get to grasp the concepts because
the lesson was not taught well or focused. Nonetheless, when we got to experience this
subject in the second quarter, I was able to remember small details from our previous
quarter.

As a person, I do find Mathematics a quite interesting subject which is in contrast

to the academic strand I am in. I do get some challenges here and there but I do not really
end up hating it overall. For my impression in this subject, I do find it a fun experience. I
personally find the topic of statistics also quite interesting since it is vital to our lives in
order to gather, analyze, solve and interpret data with utmost accuracy, completeness,
relevance and impact. I did find my first session with Math 102 a little challenging because
I was not used to it yet in this set-up, however, I did not think of it as I once did anymore.
Along the way, I got to enjoy the topics because I was also able to keep up with the
addition of new concepts that were introduced. I was also able to help out fellow
classmates and even former classmates from my Grade 11 last year. It was somehow
tiring yet fulfilling in a sense.

Overall, I find this subject useful because I know that the knowledge I acquired will
be used in our research for the next semester. It was a rollercoaster ride as I felt emotions
of excitement, self-doubt, fulfillment and many others along the way. I was glad I was able
to experience or understand the importance of statistics which is not only applicable to
the mathematics field but also to the humanities and social sciences.

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Attachments

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Department of Health. COVID 19 TRACKER. Retrieved November 20, 2020 from
https://www.doh.gov.ph/covid19tracker
Emmanuel, Joshua. [Joshua Emmanuel]. (2016, March 16). Hypothesis t-test for One
Sample Mean using Excel’s Data Analysis [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-ZcqrdTcIQ
Emmanuel, Joshua. [Joshua Emmanuel]. (2016, March 18). Hypothesis z-test for One
Sample Mean using Excel’s Data Analysis [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQjGXP0JNB8

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