Flat Slab

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF
ARCHITECTURE
Bachelor of Architecture
Structure Design-I (ART-224)
Design of Slabs DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

Content
1. Introduction, definitions
2. The effective span
3. Methods of analysis
4. The method of substitutive strips
5. Moment steel distribution above columns
6. System of welded mesh reinforcement
7. Perimeter of flat slabs
8. Loading scheemes
9. Deflections of flat slabs
10. Punching, unbuttoning and perforation
11. Punching of flat slabs – design for shear at the column heads
12. Different types of shear reinforcement used at column heads
INTRODUCTION
What are flat slabs?
• Solid concrete floors of constant thickness
•They have flat soffits
4
CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAT SLAB
•A special type of two‐way slab systems

•Single flat plate supported directly on columns
•No supporting edge beam
•May have drop panels or column capitals‐To reduce punching shear
stress/enhance bending strength
5
ADVANTAGES OF FLAT SLAB
•Simplified formwork (no beam formwork required)
• Reduced storey height for same headroom (or larger headroom for same
storey height)
•No beam to obstruct light and air ventilation
•Absence of sharp corners-less danger of concrete spalling and exposing the
reinforcement greater fire resistance
6
DISADVANTAGES OF FLAT SLAB
•Thicker slab is required (because larger bending moment, and larger

punching shear stress)
•Detailing of rebars in flat slab is more complicated
•Formwork at column capitals (if provided) is slightly complicated than
normal beam‐and‐slab deck at column locations
7
COLUMN STRIPS (A) AND MIDDLE
STRIPS (B)
lecture 10/8
GENERAL DESIGN CONCEPTS
(1) Direct Design Method (DDM)
Limited to slab systems to uniformly distributed loads and

supported on equally spaced columns. Method uses a set of
coefficients to determine the design moment at critical sections.
Two-way slab system that do not meet the limitations of the ACI
Code 13.6.1 must be analyzed more accurate procedures
GENERAL DESIGN CONCEPTS
(2) EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD (EFM)
A three-dimensional building is divided into a series of two-dimensional

equivalent frames by cutting the building along lines midway between
columns. The resulting frames are considered separately in the
longitudinal and transverse directions of the building and treated floor by
floor.
EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD (EFM)
Longitudinal equivalent Transverse equivalent frame

frame
Equivalent Frame Method (EFM)
Elevation of the frame Perspective view

METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Elastic Analysis
Concrete slab may be treated as an elastic plate. Use Timoshenko’s
method of analyzing the structure by Finite element analysis
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
(2) Plastic Analysis
The yield method used to determine the limit state of slab by considering
the yield lines that occur in the slab as a collapse mechanism.
The strip method, where slab is divided into strips and the load on the
slab is distributed in two orthogonal directions and the strips are
analyzed as beams.
The optimal analysis presents methods for minimizing the reinforcement
based on plastic analysis
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
(3) Nonlinear analysis

Simulates the true load-deformation characteristics of a reinforced
concrete slab with finite-element method takes into consideration of
nonlinearities of the stress-strain relationship of the individual
members.
COLUMN AND MIDDLE STRIPS
The slab is broken

up into column
and middle strips
for analysis
CONSTRUCTIONAL RULES
in transverse direction (perpendicular to the span) smax= 1,5d further

than 2d from the column perimeter: smax= 2d
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 1
• Design an interior panel of a flat slab in a hotel carrying a superimposed
live load of 3000 N/m^2. The weight of floor finishes on the slab may
be taken as 2000N/m^2. The panel is supported on 300 mm dia circular
columns. Drops may be provided. Size of the Panel is 5 m * 7 m. Use
M 20 Concrete and HYSD bars of grade Fe 415.
18
SOLUTION
19
20
SOLUTION
21
22
23
24
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 2 (Time 40
Minutes)
• Design an interior panel of a flat slab in a hotel carrying a superimposed
live load of 3300 N/m^2. The weight of floor finishes on the slab may
be taken as 2300N/m^2. The panel is supported on 320 mm dia circular
columns. Drops may be provided. Size of the Panel is 6 m * 8 m. Use
M 20 Concrete and HYSD bars of grade Fe 415.
25
REFERENCE
 NilsonandWinter“DesignofConcreteStructures”,TataMcGrawHillPublis
hers
 Pillai & Menon Reinforced Concrete Design, Oxford Publishers
 P.C. Vergese “Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete ”,PHI
Publishers
 M.LGambhir“DesignofReinforcedConcreteTechnology”,PHIPublishers
A.K.Jain “Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete”
 Reinforced concrete structures I.C.Syal &A.K.Goel, S.Chand Publisher
VERSION1.0
26
THANK YOU
For queries
Email: [email protected]

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UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

Design of Slabs DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

•A special type of two‐way slab systems

•Thicker slab is required (because larger bending moment, and larger

Limited to slab systems to uniformly distributed loads and

A three-dimensional building is divided into a series of two-dimensional

Longitudinal equivalent Transverse equivalent frame

Elevation of the frame Perspective view

(3) Nonlinear analysis

The slab is broken

in transverse direction (perpendicular to the span) smax= 1,5d further

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